NGHIEN CUU CAU TRUC LUGfl DIEN PHAN PHOI 22KV 3 PHA 4 DAY
NHAM NANG CAO DO TIN CAY CUNG CAP DIEN
Vd Nhu Quoc Tong Cdng ty Di^n lue mien Trung
TOM TAT
N g i y nay yeu cau ddi hdi ciia k h i e h hang la chat Idpng dien ngay cang phai cao, m i d i e biet la d p tin cay cung cap dien (OTCCCO). DTCCCO la m o t t r o n g n h d n g chi tieu quan t r p n g de danh g i i chat lapng phue vu eua n g i n h dien ddi vdi k h i e h hang sd d u n g dien. M o t he t h d n g dien (HTO) m i e d u cd cac chi tieu ve tan sd, dien i p . . . dape dam bao, n h a n g dien n i n g khdng ddpc cung cap lien tue thi se g i y n h d n g thiet hai cho kinh te - xa hpi. Ladi dien p h i n phdi (LOPP) 22kV cd the sd d u n g 3 pha 3 day hoac 3 pha 4 d i y ; n h a n g hien tai LOPP 22kV khu viic mien Trung dang sd d u n g dang cau true 3 pha 3 d i y v i s i n lapng dien mat do sii ed phai n g d n g cung cap dien van cdn rat Idn. De han che den mdc t h a p nhat san lapng dien mat do sii cd mat dien m o t pha (sd lan sii cd ngan mach m d t pha chiem 70 -H 75%), b i i b i o nghien cdu cau triic LOPP 22kV 3 pha 4 d i y n h a m nang cao DTCCCO.
1.
Dat van de:
Ciing vdi sa phat trien ciia san xuat, kinh te va ddi sdng, thi nhu eau sd d u n g dien ngay cang tang, vdi yeu cau chat lapng dien, DTCCCO ngay cang cao; t d d d Luat dien Ipc ra ddi, ddi hdi nganh dien phai d i m bao DTCCCO cho k h i c h hang ngay cang t d t hon, nham han che thiet hai do viec gian doan cung cap dien, d d n g t h d i eung dem lai hieu qua cao han t r o n g s i n xuat kinh doanh dien nang.
Ben canh dd, thi t r a d n g dien liic dang t d n g bade hinh t h a n h , quan he mua ban dien nang gida nganh dien va k h i c h hang ngay cang ddpc x i c lap theo quan he thi t r a d n g . Dieu do yeu cau nganh dien phai d i m bao chat lapng s i n p h a m eua m i n h khi ban cho k h i c h hang. Ddi vdi HTO, dau t a eho LOPP la khdng Idn so vdi t d n g dau t a ciia n g u d n dien va ladi dien truyen tai, n h a n g LOPP gay phan Idn nhat
Sli mat dien eiia k h i c h hang. Theo t h d n g ke cd den tren 6 0 % t h d i gian mat dien ciia k h i c h h i n g do LOPP (sd lieu t h d n g ke d Anh cd den 69% t h d i gian mat dien do sii cd tren LOPP 6 Phap v i nhieu nddc k h i c c i m g cd sd lieu t h d n g ke t h d i gian mat dien ddi vdi k h i c h hang t r o n g m o t nam hau het tren LOPP). Do vay OTCCCO, ma trade het la nang eao do tin cay cua LOPP dape d i t ra t r o n g giai doan hien nay n h a m o t yeu cau cap thiet n h a m phuc vu phat trien kinh te - xa hoi.
Vdi nhdng ly do do viec nghien cdu OTCCCO gida LOPP 22kV cd cau triie 3 pha 4 d i y so vdi cau triic 3 pha 3 day cho khu vpe mien Trung la het sdc can thiet.
2. D i e d i e m v e sU c d LDPP khu vUc m i e n T r u n g :
Theo sd lieu t h d n g ke ve t i n h hinh sa cd tren LOPP d khu vac mien
Trung, neu phan loai sp cd LDPP theo t h d i gian t d n tai sp cd thi, sa co t h o i n g qua chiem t i le t d 65 + 70%, sa cd vinh cdu chiem t i le 30 + 35%.
Neu p h i n loai t h e o loai thiet bj bi su ed thi, sa ed do e i e h dien chiem 35 H- 40%, do may bien ap (MBA) chiem 10
^ 12%, do thiet bi d d n g cat chiem 3
^ 5%, do chdng set chiem 6 -^ 8%, do MBA do ladng chiem 3 -:- 5%; do cac nguyen nhan k h i c n h a ddt day, do cot, t u t leo... chiem 30 -:- 40%. Trade t i n h hinh s u i t sp ed eiia LOPP ngay cang gia t a n g , de d i n h g i i OTCCCO thi Tap doan Oien Ipc Viet Nam da cd c i c qui dinh ve chi tieu s u i t sii cd (dadng day (OD) va tram bien ap (TBA)) t r o n g q u i n ly van h i n h HTO, de lam co sd cho viee d i n h gia chat lapng quan ly van hanh ngudn ladi dien d i p dng yeu cau cung dng dien lien tue cho khaeh h i n g , cu the nha sau: S u i t sa cd t h o i n g qua DD trung ap la 12 v u / 100 k m . n i m ; S u i t sU co vinh cdu OD t r u n g ap la 3,6 vu/ 100 k m . n i m ; S u i t sa cd vinh cdu TBA la 1 , 8 v u / 1 0 0 M B A .
Viec danh g i i d p tin cay LOPP t h e o m o t chi tieu duy nhat la cPdng d p mat dien t r u n g binh (suit sU co) n h a tren dan den nhieu han che, k h d n g d i n h gia 6\Jgc toan dien do tin cay cua ladi dien, khdng phan anh daoc OTCCCO, k h d n g biet dape so lan va t h d i gian mat dien ciia khich hang, k h d n g xac djnh dape laong dien nang k h d n g eung c i p dape t r o n g nam do mat dien, khdng tinh toan dape thiet hai do mat dien doi vdi n g a n h dien cung n h a doi vdi k h i c h hang... Td d d k h d cd the daa
KHOA HOC - CONG NGHE Q
ABC A
N9
ABC A
ABC N4 ABC
NIO
N18 C N17 c '"
Line 10 T7
Line3 N5 Line4
AB N11 1 N12 ABC
3 l =
N16
-•S
8
N14n
V
B T4
N13 »
i//>?/7 y. LDPP 22kVtiuh toan KDX khi .sired mdt dien pha C
ra m d t chinh s i c h , hoac ke hoach dau t a nang eao dp tin e i y eiia ladi dien m d t eieh thich hop, hai hda Ipi ich gida n g i n h dien va k h i c h hang nham dem lai Ipi ich cao nhat cho t o i n xa hoi.
De d i n h gia d i m g thpe chat ve OTCCCO eho LOPP d Viet Nam ndi chung va d khu vpc mien Trung ndi rieng, can quan t i m den c i e chi sd d i n h gia OTCCCO m i c i e td chdc khoa hpc ky thuat qude te da xay dpng.
3. Cac chi sd danh gia DTCCCD
cua LDPP:
Hien c i c t d chdc khoa hoc ky thuat dien uy tin tren the gidi nha, IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers); EEI (Edison Electric Institue); EPRI (Electric Power Reasearch Institute) va CEA (Canadian Electric Association) da xay dpng c i c chi sd DTCCCO v i dape nhieu nPde i p d u n g . Trong do, he t h d n g chi sd cua IEEE dape phan Idn cac nPdc tren the gidi dang i p dung phd bien nhat, cac chi sd g d m : SAIFI, SAIDI, CAIFI,
CAIDI, ASAI, ASUI, ENS va AENS de danh gia DTCCCO [1], [2].
Hien nay. Tap doan Dien Ipc Viet Nam dang trien khai nghien cdu sd d u n g c i e ehi sd tren de danh g i i OTCCCO cua LOPP tai Viet Nam.
Vl vay, t r o n g khudn khd bai bao se tien hanh nghien cdu v i t i n h toan anh h a d n g ciia t d n g eau true LOPP 22kV 3 pha 3 d i y va 3 pha 4 day den van de cai thien cac ehi tieu OTCCCO:
SAIFI, SAIDI, CAIFI, CAIDI, ASAI, ASUI, ENS v i AENS.
4. Tinh toan cac chi tieu DTCCCD vdi cac cau true JUdi khae nhau:
LOPP 22kV dape t i n h t o i n thpe te ve cac ehi tieu OTCCCO la nhanh re thupc xuat tuyen 471 TBA l l O k V n h a hinh 1. G i i sd LOPP n i y cap dien cho m o t khu vpc cd sd lapng k h i c h h i n g s d d u n g dien v i edng s u i t phu tai trung binh tai c i c nut tai n h a bang 1; trong dd, tai cac TBA 3 pha thi sd k h i c h hang la phu tai 1 pha daac bo tri deu tren ca 3 pha, cdng s u i t tai trung binh cho 1 k h i e h hang phu t i i 1 pha la 2kW va cdng s u i t tai trung binh cho 1 k h i c h hang phu tai 3 pha la 4kW. Td dd, tinh dape tdng sd khaeh hang va t d n g edng s u i t t i i trung binh tai cac niit tai va tren toan ladi dien dape the hien d bang 1.
Bdng 1. So lugng l<hdeh hdng sddung di^n vd cang sudt tai trung b)nh tai cde ndt tai
Ten TBA p h u tai
T l T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7
Pha
ABC ABC ABC AB
B BC
C
D i e n ap
22/0,4 22/0,4 22/0,4 22/0,23 12,7/0,23
22/0,23 12,7/0,23
Cong suat S^^
(kVA)"
160 250 320 50 50 100
50
Niit tai
N9 N19 N8 N12 N14 N16 N I B
Ph 1 pha
So khaeh
hang N, 24 30 45 10 10 20 10
Cong suat tai t r u n g
b i n h / 0 1 khaeh hang (kW)
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Cong suat tai
t r u n g binh P^
(kW) ' 48 ' 60
90 20 20 40 20
u tai
3 pha So
khaeh hang
N^
4 10
9 0 0 0 0
Cong suat tai t r u n g
binh/Ol khaeh hang
(kW) 4 4 4 0 0 0 0
Cong suat tai
t r u n g binh P^
(kW) ' 16 40 36 0 0 0 0
Tong so khaeh
hang N
28 40 54 10 10 20 10
Tong c o n g s u i t tai
t r u n g binh P^^
(kW)
64 100 126 20 20 40 20
Dien A Ddi song 17
Ten TBA p h u tai
TS T9
Pha
CA A
D i e n ap U . „ (kV)
22/0,23 12,7/0,23
Cong suat S^_^
(kVA)"
100 50
Niit tai
N21 N23 Tong
Phu tai 1 pha
So khaeh
h a n g N, 20 10 179
Cong suat tai t r u n g
b i n h / 0 1 khaeh h a n g (kW)
2 2
C o n g suat tai
t r u n g b i n h P,
(kW) ' 40 20 3 5 8
3 pha So
khaeh h a n g N^
0 0 2 3
C o n g s u i t tai t r u n g
b i n h / 0 1 khaeh h a n g
(kW) 0 0
C o n g s u a t t a i
t r u n g b i n h P^
(kW) ' 0 0 9 2
Tong so khaeh
h a n g N
20 10 2 0 2
Tong cong suat tai
t r u n g binh P^^
(kW)
40 20 4 5 0
De tinh toan so sinh cic chi sd ve DTCCCO vdi cic eau triic ladi khie nhau, ta tien hinh tinh toan vdi cac phaang i n cap dien nha sau:
a- Phaong i n 1: LOPP 22kV vdi cau true 3 pha 3 diy, miy cat d i u ngudn l i loai 3 pha, TBA 3 pha l i 01 MBA 3 pha (day cung la dang cau triic Iddi dang van hanh d khu vpe mien Trung hien tai).
b- Phaong i n 2: LOPP 22kV vdi cau true 3 pha 3 diy, may c i t dau ngudn l i loai 1 pha,TBA 3 pha l i 01 MBA 3 pha.
c- Phaong i n 3: LOPP 22kV vdi eau triic 3 pha 4 day, may cat dau ngudn la loai 1 pha,TBA 3 pha la 01 MBA 3 pha.
d- Phaang i n 4: LOPP 22kV vdi cau triic 3 pha 4 day, may cat dau ngudn la loai 1 pha,TBA 3 pha l i td hop 3 MBA 1 pha.
Gia thiet rang, trong n i m qua HTO da cd 6 tradng hpp sp cd xay ra dape ghi lai trong lich van hinh hang nim; v i tir ket qua tinh toan che do van hanh khdng ddi xdng (khdng toan pha) khi sp ed mat mot pha [3], [6], thi cac anh hadng mat dien eua khaeh hang theo tdng phaong an cap dien dape the hien nha bang 2.
Bang 2. Khdeh hdng bi dnh hUdng do sUed mdt diin
STT
1 2 3 4 5 6
So lan s p e d mat d i e n t r o n g nam
S u e o mat dien pha A Su CO mat dien pha A S u e o mat d i e n pha B Sli CO mat dien pha B Su CO mat dien pha C Sli CO mat dien pha C
Tong
STT
1 2 3 4 5 6
So lan Sli CO mat dien t r o n g nam
S p c o m a t d i e n pha A S p c o mat dien pha A S u c o mat dien pha B Su CO mat dien pha B Su CO mat d i e n pha C Sli CO mat d i e n pha C
Tong
So khaeh h a n g bi anh h i i d n g mat d i e n N PhUdng an 1
Niit tai bi a n h h i i d n g
N 9 , N 1 9 , N 8 , N 2 1 , N 2 3 , N 1 2 , N 1 4 , N 1 6 , N 1 8
N 9 , N 1 9 , N 8 , N 2 1 , N 2 3 , N 1 2 , N 1 4 , N 1 6 , N 1 8
N^
202
2 0 2
P h u o n g an 2 Nut tai bi a n h hUdng N9, N19, N8, N 2 1 , N 2 3 , N12
nt
N 9 , N 1 9 , N 8 , N 1 2 , N 1 4 , N 1 6 nt
N 9 , N 1 9 , N 8 , N 2 1 , N 1 6 , N 1 8 nt
N 9 , N 1 9 , N 8 , N 2 1 , N 2 3 , N 1 2 , N 1 4 , N 1 6 , N 1 8
N^
162
30
10
202
So khaeh hang bi a n h hUdng mat d i e n N PhiTdng an 3
Nut tai b| a n h h u d n g N9, N19, N8, N 2 3 , N 1 2
nt
N 9 , N 1 9 , N 8 , N 1 4 , N 1 6 nt
N 9 , N 1 9 , N 8 , N 2 1 , N 1 8 nt
N 9 , N 1 9 , N 8 , N 2 3 , N 1 2 , N 1 4 , N 1 6 , N 2 1 , N 1 8
N, 142
30
30
2 0 2
P h a o n g an 4 Niit tai bi a n h h u d n g N9, N19, N8, N23, N12
nt
N 9 , N 1 9 , N 8 , N 1 4 , N 1 6 nt
N 9 , N 1 9 , N 8 , N 2 1 , N 1 8 nt
N 9 , N 1 9 , N 8 , N 2 3 , N 1 2 , N 1 4 , N 1 6 , N 2 1 , N 1 8
N
a
71
63
63
197
KHOA HOC - CONG NGHE Q
Td cie tradng hpp sa cd mat dien, ta tinh dugc sd khich hang bj eat dien, edng suit bi cat dien, thdi gian cat dien eua khieh hing va san lapng dien mi't theo tdng phaang i n nha bing 3.
Bang 3. Cdng suat vd san lugng di&n mat eua khdeh hdng do sUed
STT
1 2 3 4 5 6
So lan Sli CO mat dien trong nam
Sli CO mat dien pha A Su CO mat dien pha A Sli CO mat dien pha B Spco mat dien pha B Sir CO mat dien pha C Sli CO mat dien pha C
Tong
STT
1 2 3 4 5 6
So lan Sli CO mat dien trong nam
Sli CO mat dien pha A Sli CO mat dien pha A Sli CO mat dien pha B Speo mat dien pha B Sp CO mat dien pha C Spco mat dien pha C
Tong
Thdi gian mat dien d
(gid) 0,5
1 2 0,5
1 2 7 Thdi gian mat dien d
(gid) 0,5
1 2 0,5
1 2 7
Phuong an 1 So khaeh
hang bi eat dien
N^
202 202 202 202 202 202 1.212
Cong suat bi cat dien
P^ (kW)
450 450 450 450 450 450 2.700
Thdi gian cat dien cua
khaeh hang N^.d (gid)
101 202 404 101 202 404 1.414
San lupng dien mat P^.d (kWh)
225 450 900 225 450 900 3.150 PhUdng an 3
So khaeh hang bi cat dien
N
c
142 142 152 152 152 152 892
Cong suat bi cat dien
P^ (kW) 330 330 350 350 350 350 2.060
Thdi gian cat dien ciia khaeh hang N^.d (gid)
71 142 304 76 152 304 1.049
San lUdng dien mat P^.d (kWh)
165 330 700 175 350 700 2.420
PhUdng an 2 So khaeh
hang bi eat dien
N^
162 162 162 162 172 172 992
Cong suat bi eat dien P^ (kW) 370 370 370 370 390 390 2.260
Thdi gian eat dien ciia khaeh hang N^.d
(gid)' 81 162 324 81 172 344 1.164
San lupng
dien mat P^.d
(kWh) 185 370 740 185 390 780 2.650 PhUdng an 4
So khaeh hang bi cat dien
N^
76 76 86 86 76 76 476
Cong suat bi cat dien
P^ (kW) 198 198 218 218 218 218 1.268
Thdi gian cat dien ciia
khaeh hang N^.d (gid)
38 76 172
43 76 152 557
San liidng
dien mat P^.d
(kWh) 99 198 436 109 218 436 1.496 Ket q u i tinh toan cie chi sd OTCCCO theo tdng phaang i n dape trinh bay nha bing 4.
Nhin xet: Qua ket q u i tinh t o i n cic chi sd OTCCCO eiia cic phaang i n cap dien theo cac dieu kien taong dng vdi ladi dien khu vpc mien Trung nha bing 4, ta nhin thiy: Vdi cau triic LOPP 22kV 3 pha 4 diy ed cic ehi sd OTCCCO nha, t i n suit mat dien trung binh eua he thdng (SAIFI), thdi gian mat dien trung binh cua he thdng (SAIDI), thdi gian m i t dien trung binh eua khich hing (CAIDI), tan suit m i t dien trung binh ciia khich hing (CAIFI), chi sd sin sing c i p dien trung binh (ASAI), chi sd dp khdng sin sing cap dien trung binh (ASUI), chi sd dien ning khdng eung cap (ENS) v i chi sd dien ning khdng cung cap trung binh (AENS) deu dape cii thien theo thd tU t i n g dan td phaong i n 1 den phaong i n 4. Do vay, vdi phaong i n 4 la phaong i n d i m b i o dape DTCCCO cho cie khieh hing sddung dien la tdt nhit.
Bang 4. Chi sd DTCCCD theo tdng phuang dn
STT
1 2 3
Cac chi so
SAIFI SAIDI CAIFI
Don vj tinh
lan mat dien/khach hang/nam gid/khach hang/nam lan mat dien/khach hang bj i n h hadng
Phuong an 1
6,000 7,000 6,000
Phuong an 2
4,911 5,762 4,911
Phuong an 3
4,416 5,193 4,416
Phuong an 4
2,356 2,757 2,416
Dien A Ddi song 19
STT
4 5 6 7 8
Cac chi so
CAIDI ASAI ASUI ENS AENS
Oon vi tinh gid/lan mat dien
kWh/nam kWh/khach hang/nam
Phuong an 1
1,167 0,999 0,001 3.150,000 15,594
Phuong an 2
1,173 0,999 0,001 2.650,000 13,119
Phuong an 3
1,176 0,999 0,001 2.420,000 11,980
Phuong an 4
1,170 1,000 0,000 1.496,000 7,406 5. Ket luan:
Vdi yeu cau sddung dien ngay cang cao vesd Idpng cung nhaehat lapng va DTCCCO; viec dng dung eau true LDPP 22kV 3 pha 4 day nham tp dpng cd lap diem sp cd va t i i eau true ladi dien sau sp ed, se dem lai hieu qua kinh te do rut ngan dape thdi gian mat dien, giam tdn t h i t ve doanh thu va giam ehi phi thdi gian bao dddng.
Hieu qua dang dape quan tam hon naa ciia cau triic ladi 3 pha 4day khlTBA 3 pha ddpethay thebdi td hop 3MBA 1 pha thi cie ehi sd DTCCCD la tdt nha't. Do vay, d eau triic Iddi niy ludn dam bao ve DTCCCD cho cie phu tai 1 pha la eao nhit.
Cic chi sd ve OTCCCO niy, ed the diing de so sinh chat lapng phue vu gida cie Cdng ty, gida cic don vj trong cimg Cdng ty hay dung de so sinh trpc tiep chat lapng trade v i sau cai tao cua mdt xuit tuyen hay cua ca mdt he thdng.
TAI LI|U THAM KHAO
[1] RoyBillinton&RonaldN.AIIan(1994),/?e//at)///ry fvo/ivaf/or? ofPowersystems, Plenum Press Newyorkand London.
[2] Mohan Munasinghe (1979), The Economics of Pow/er System Reliability and Planning, Published for the World Bank.
[3] Shaw Power Teehnologies_lne (2004), PSS-ADEPT_User t/ianual, New York.
[4] Bd Ning Idpng (1994), Quyet dinh so 1867 NL/KHKTngdy 12 thdng 9nam 1994 ban hdnh qui dinh cde tiSuchuan ky thudtcdp diin dp trung the22kV, Ha Ndi.
[5] Qude hdi nddc CHXHCNVN (2004), LudtDi^n ILTC ndm 2004, Luat sd 28/2004/QH11.
[6] Le Kim Hung, Tran Vinh Tjnh, Vd Nhd Qude, Tap ehi khoa hpe v i edng nghe Oai hpc O i Ning sd 6(35)-2009, Nghien edu tinh todn chedd khdng ddi xdng eua iudi di^n phdn phdi 22kV khu vUc mien Trung, O i Ning.
