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NGHIEN CU'U G I A I PHAP SlT DUNG HIEU QUA CAY LUC BINH Q DONG BANG S 6 N G CLTU LONG
• TS. NGUYEN THtlC BQI HUYflN (*) TOM T A T
Cdy luc binh sinh truang vd phdt trien tot a cdc tinh Ddng bdng sdng Ciiu Long, nai CO nhieu hd ao, sdng ngdi. Vai tdc dp tdng truang nhanh, niu khdng cd bi^n phdp xir ly triet di thi cdc ddng sdng se nhanh chdng bi bao phu bai luc binh. Hau qud Id gay kho khdn cho cdc phuang tien di lgi trong hi thdng giao thdng duang sdng. Vi vgy, cdn cd gidi phdp phii hgp di gidm tdc hgi ddng thai su dung hieu qud logi cdy ndy.
Tii khoa: Cdy luc binh, gidi phdp, Ddng bang sdng Cuu Long.
SUMMARY
Water Hyacinth grows and develops well in Mekong Delta where there are a lot of rivers and water ponds. With high speed of growth without thorough disposing approaches, the rivers will be covered by water hyacinth soon. As a result, the waterway will get difficulties. Hence, it is very important to have appropriate solutions to control this situation and to use water hyacinth effectively.
Key words: Water hyacinth, solution, Mekong Delta.
1. Dat van dl
Cay lye binh hdu nhu c6 mat khap cac hd ao, sdng ngdi cua Viet Nam.
Dac biet cay nay sinh trudng tdt va phat trien mgnh d vung Ddng bdng sdng Cftu Long. La logi cay thuy sinh, voi than va cudng la cd ket cau rdng xdp nen toan bp than va la cay diu ndi tren mat nude, chi cd bd re chim dudi nude. Vi vay cay luc binh co khdi lugng nhe nhung dien tich chilm chd trdn mat nude kha Idn.
Ci cac tinh mien Tay Nam bd cd he thdng kenh rach va sdng ngdi chang chit nen phuang tien di lgi cua ngudi dan ehu yeu la dudng sdng. Khi luc binh phat tridn tdt thi khdng chi cac kenh rach
kenh rach ma ca nhftng khue sdng Idn cung nhanh chdng bi bao phu bdi cay nay. Hau qua la cac ddng sdng, kdnh muang bi thu hep dan. Nhu eau di lgi cua ngudi dan bang cac phuang tien nhu ghe, xudng gap nhieu khd khan.
Ngay ca nhung tau danh ca trdn sdng hoac tau van tai hang hda eung e ngai khi di vao nhung doan sdng day dae luc binh.
Trudc nhung tac hai neu tren, ndi dung cua bai bao la khao sat va nghien cftu tim giai phap xft ly cay lue binh, nham giam thieu tac hai cua cay luc binh, ddng thdi tgo ra cac san pham cd ich cho ngudi dan.
' CHI KINH TE - CONG NGHK
KHOA HOC - C N G DUNG
Dogn kenh d thanh phd Tan An, tinh Long An
2. Mdt so giai phap su dung cSy luc binh
Chung tdi da khao sat su phat trien eua cay luc binh d thanh phd Hd Chi Minh, eac tinh lan can va mdt sd tinh d raidn Tay Nam bd. Qua khao sat cho thdy cay luc binh phat trien nhanh, lan at hau hit cac loai cay khac tren sdng ngdi, kenh rach (Hinh 1). Mau xanh cua la hau nhu che phu gdn hit mat sdng, mat nude gay khd khan cho cac phuang tien di lai bdng dudng sdng.
Vi vay mdt sd tinh thugc Ddng bdng sdng Cuu Long da dung nhilu giai phap su dung cay luc binh nhdm giam bdt su phat triin ciia cay nay, dugc trinh bay theo hinh 2 dudi day:
2.1. Lam san phdm tilu thu cdng nghiep
Nhieu CO sd tieu thii cdng nghiep da diing cay luc binh de lam dd my nghe xuat khau, phuc vu cho cac thi trudng d Chau Au va Bac My. Luc binh tuai sau khi thu hoach se dugc xu ly sa bp, phan loai dung quy each rdi chuyen den cac phan xudng san xuat.
Trudc khi luu kho, san phdm phai qua cac giai doan xu ly bdng hda chdt va hoan tat san pham.
Trong nhung nam qua, vide chd biln luc binh thanh san phdm my nghe da tao thdm viec lam va tang thu nhap cho ngudi ndng dan. Ngoai ra cdn mang lgi ngudn thu ngogi te cho cac tinh thude Ddng bdng sdng Cuu Long. Tuy nhien, san xudt tieu thu cdng nghiep bdng nguyen lieu luc binh cd nhftng hgn chi
lAP CHI KINH TE - CONG NGHIEP
KHOA HOC-UNG DUNG
Do my nghe xuat khau cd tieu chuan khat khe nen chi dung cay luc binh dung quy each va cd chat lupng ddng deu.
- Chi dung than cay ma khdng dung la va re cay nen khdng tan dung het cay luc binh.
San xuat co tinh thdi vu, khdng ddng deu cho ca nam.
Phu thudc vao nhu cau thi trudng nude ngoai.
Ngudi lao ddng bd nhilu thdi gian va cdng sue de lam san phdm nhung thu nhap khdng cao.
2.2. Che bien thftc an gia siic
cay luc binh con gpi la eay beo tay do la cay ed kich thudc Idn hon so vdi cay beo ta (cay beo ta ed nhilu d eac virng Bac va Trung bp). Mdt sd ndng dan d Long An, Ben Tre da thu hogch cay luc binh tuai hang ngay. Than va la luc binh tuai dugc bam nhd, cbl biln lam thftc an
cho gia cdm, nhdm bd sung them rau xanh va ehdt xa. Ngudi dan sft dung luc binh gidng cay chudi, rau mudng hoac cay beo ta dl nudi Ign nhu trudc day.
Vipc t^n dung lye binh lam thftc an gia sue giup ngudi ndng dan tiet giam chi phi chan nudi, ddng thdi giam bdt su sinh sdi cua cay luc binh. Tuy nhien, giai phap nay van cdn rieng le d eae hd gia dinh, ehua phat trien dai tra vdi quy md Idn.
2.3. Cai tao dat ndng nghiep
Phan tich cay luc binh, chung tdi nhan thay than cay va cudng la cd ket cdu rdng xdp. Do dd, khi trpn lue binh vao dat trdng, eSy luc binh vfta lam phan xanh vfta cd tac dung giup dat trdng dugc toi va xdp hon. Ket qua la hdn hgp dat trdn luc binh se giup re cay de hiit nude ban ddng thdi dat trdng se thdng thoang han nen de thoat nude. Vi vgy, ngudi ndng dan se giam bdt cdng dao xdi dat. Luc binh giftp cai tao dat va tang
Hinh 2: M§t so giai phap su dung cay luc binh d D&ng b5ng s6ng Cuu Long.
TAP CHI KINH TE - CONG NGHIEF
hieu qua cua ddt trdng.
Tuy nhien, ky thuat trdng trpt nay kha mdi, chua phd biln sau rpng. Ngudi dan vdn quen dung cac logi phan bdn hda hpe cd hieu qua nhanh ban.
2.4. Bao bi bao ve trai eay
Trudc day, trong qua trinh van chuyen trai cay, cac nha vudn thudng dung ram ra hoac bao bi giay dd lam Idp dem bao vd vd trai cay tranh bi tray xudc. Ddi vdi trai eay nhap khau vao Viet Nam, cae nha san xuat nude ngoai thudng dung bao bi nhua xdp.
Gan day, mdt sd nha vudn d vung Cai Be (Tidn Giang) da tan dung la luc binh lam Idp ddm bao ve trai cay. Do la luc binh mem mai va xdp nen bao ve trai cay kha hieu qua. Tuy nhien, mpt van de dugc nay sinh la sau khi ban hang se cd nguy ca rac thai tft la luc binh.
2.5. Lam sach mdi trudng nude a mdt sd khu cdng nghiep, ngudi ta tha cay lue binh tren kenh rach vdi muc dich Ipc va lam sgch cac tgp chat trong nude thai cdng nghiep. Do cay luc binh
cd kha nang hap thu mdt sd kim loai nang va doe hai nhu: chi, thuy ngan...
nen mdi trudng nude dugc cai thien ban.
Tuy nhien, tren thuc tl, mdi nha may cd nhung chat thai khae nhau nen hg se can nhung hgp chat xft ly mdi trudng khac nhau (hda hgc hay sinh hgc). Cho nen vai trd lam sgch cac kenh rach cua luc binh van cdn han ehe, ehua hieu qua.
3. De xuat giai phap xu ly hif u qua Cac giai phap da neu d phan 2, da gdp phan lam giam tac hgi cua luc binh, ddng thdi dem lai mpt sd lgi ich ve kinh tl cho cac tinh Ddng bang sdng Cuu Long.
Tuy nhien nhin chung cac giai phap tren vin cdn mdt sd ban che quan trpng:
- Chua cd md hinh san xuat dgi tra.
- Chua tan dung het cac bd phan cua cay luc binh.
- Chi dung mpt sd lugng nhd cay luc binh.
- Lpi ich ve kinh te chua cao.
- Chua xu ly luc binh bang cac thanh tuu khoa hpc ky thuat.
Hinh 3: Giai phap sir dung hieu qua cho cay luc binh.
lAP CHI KINH TE - CONG NGHIEP
KHOA HOC-UNG DUNG
Vi vay chung tdi dd xuat giai phap dua cay luc binh vao san xuat san pham cdng nghiep. Tat ca cac bd phan cua luc binh ddu dugc diing: tft re cay, than va la eay. Quy trinh san xuat tft giai dogn: sa chd luc binh, phdi trdn nguyen lieu va san xudt thanh pham deu dung may mdc thiet hi. Cac phd lieu dugc tai sinh va nhanh chong hdi luu va tai sft dung.
Do toan bp quy trinh van hanh chu yeu bang may mdc nen ehu ky san xuat ngan, nang suat cao va chat lugng san phdm ddng nhat. Ngudi lao ddng se bd rdt it cdng sftc han so vdi cac giai phap neu trdn. Dae biet la giai phap da sft dung mdt khdi lugng Idn cay luc binh.
gdp phdn lam sach triet 6k luc binh tren eac ddng sdng, kenh rach. Uu didm cua giai phap nay dugc trinh bay d hinh 3.
4. Kit luan
Tdc do phat triin nhanh chdng cua cay luc binh d ddng sdng, kenh rach da gay khd khan can trd cho cac phuang tien giao thdng dudng sdng. Mdt s6 tinh thupc Ddng bdng sdng Cuu Long da dua ra nhilu giai phap dl giam bdt su sinh sdi cua cay luc binh. Tuy nhien eac giai phap nay van con nhieu bat cap. Bai bao dua ra giai phap sft dung triet dd cay luc binh, cho thdy cd nhidu uu diem so vdi eac giai phap da dung va mang lai hieu qua ve kinh td.
Tdi lifu tham khdo
[1]. Nguydn Thuc Bdi Huyen, Cdng nghe cdc chdt don, Dai hgc Cdng nghiep Thuc phdm TP. Hd Chi Minh.
[2]. Nguydn Thiie Bdi Huyen (2014), Su dung vdt lieu xanh trong cdng trinh xdy dung, Ky yeu Hgi thao Khoa hgc "Hoa hpc - Nghien cuu ca ban va nghien cuu ftng dung"
Dgi Hpc Thu Ddu Mot, Binh Duang, Trang 67-70.
[3]. Nguyen Thuc Bdi Huyen (2013), Nghiin cuu sdn xudt vat lieu xanh tir phi lieu nhua vd phi phdm nong nghiep, Tgp ehi Khoa hpc Cdng nghe & Thuc pham, Sd 1, Trang 1-5.
Ngay nhan: 16/5/2014 Ngay duyet dang: 20/6/2014
