[MGHIEIM CUU CAI TIEIV BAY DEIV PHOIVG TRlJ SAU RdlVI THOMG VA S A U ROIVI 4 TUM LOIXIG HAI
THOMG MHUA VA THOMG HIA Vl
Le XuSn Phuc\ Ddo Ngpc Quai T6MTAT
Sir dung bay den 6k du bao dich hai va thu bdt truong thanh Sau rom tiiong va Sau rom 4 tiim long la giai phap tich cue va hieu qua de bao ve nmg, moi tnrong va siic khoe ngtroi dan do kliong sii dung hoa chdt doc hai. Hai mau bay den cai Uen khdc phuc duoc nhung bat cap cua cac loai bay den hien dang sii dung: SOr dung nguon dien acquy nen co tinh ca dpng cao, co Ih^ dat tai moi dja diem trong rimg ma khong phu thuyc vao nguon di?n liroi va may phat dien; hoat dong an loan, d& sii dung. Sir dung ngu6n anh sang ddn du xa la anh sang mau vang nhat (01 den ong 60 cm. 20 W). nguon sang dan du gdn la anh sang mau chain (Um-den, Ua UV) (01 den 6ng 60 cm, 20 W hoSc 02 den compact, 20 W) se dal hieu qua cao trong phong trir sau rom hgi thong. Thm gian dat bdy tu 19 gio den 4 gia sang.
Tir kh6a: /iin - den cai tien. dieu khien ttr dong. phong dien cao ap, &iu rom thong, Sau rdm 4 tiim long.
1.BATV1UVBE
Cac loai thong luong ddi dd trdng voi bien phap lam sinh don gian, de dp dung, cho thu nhap hang nam (thdng nhua), khdng chi mang lai gia tri phong hp, gd. Clii. cdn mang lai gia tii canh quan, khu dgc lam sgch mdi b-udng khi hau. Cac lodi thdng thich ling vdi lap dia cdn coi. st)ng dupc cd a noi khdng the trdng lodi cay ndo khdc nen duoc sii dung nhieu de phll xanh dat trdng ddi nui Iroc, hi da ong hda manh trong cac chuong trinh irong rimg b nude ta. Thdng thirdng bi pha hai bcri rat nhidu sau benh, lam giam khd nang sinh trudng vd nang sudt ning. Nhieu Iran dich sau va benh hai tai Nghe An. Qudng Nmh, Bac Kan. llianb Hda.... trong nhirng nam gdn day tam chdt hdng nghin hee la ning thdng b ludi truong thdnh. Theo ket qua nghien ciiu. cd 45 loai con trung gay hai thong, gom cac lodj sau rdm, ong an la, sau an la. sau due than, sau due cdnh va sau due ngon thong... (Le N.im Himg va Nguydn Van Dp, 1990) trong dd loai gay bai nguy hiem nhdt la Sau rdm thdng {Dendrolimus punctams) va Sau rdm 4 tiim long {Dasychira axutha). Truong thanh Sau rom tiiong (SR'O va Sau rdm 4 tum Idng (SR4T) cd tinh xu quang cao. boat ddng manh vao ban dem. Do vay, sii dung bdy den la nipt bien phap phdng chdng som vd tich cue trong he tlidng quan ly long hpp phdng trir sau rom hai thong: du bao dich, thu bdt ti-irdng thanh hieu qua nhung khdng gay hai mdi tnrong va
' \ icn Niiluen cuu Cong nghiep ning
• Fruni; lani \i:liicii cbu Bao \c nnig
sue khde ngudi dan, dam bao tinh ben vung ddi vdi he sinh thdi rimg thdng.
Phuong phap bay truydn thdng sir dung den dau, den mang sdng hoac den dien soi dot dd ddn du sau Irudng thanh bay vao den, bi va cham va roi xudng chau/kliay chua nude hda xd phdng hoac ddu nhdn d- phia dudi, khien chiing hi dinh uot cdnh. khong IJiodt ra dupc vd chet. Day la phuong phap don gian, hieu qua kha cao nhung khdng chu dpng vi phu thudc vao thdi liel, dk gay chdy ning khi thdi tiet hanh khd. Khi den ddn du cd cong sudt ldn, tda nhiet gay ndng. nhat la trong miia he lam cbo trudng thdnh chi den gdn, it van den. Cac loai bdy tien tien dang su dung duoc nhap tir nude ngoai nhu bdy pheromone, bay den sir dung dien ludi 220 V cd bg phan phdng dien cao dp de giet tmdng thanh khi chiing bay lao vao nguon sang phia trong ban cue dien. Bdy den dimg didn ludi nen chi dat duac a noi cd dien va cdn ngudn dien khoe. on dinh trong dem nghia la nai dat bdy phai gan ke khu dan cu va dudng giao thdng cd day dien d. qua nen thuong xa khu vuc rung bi sau hai. Them nua, a nhung nen nhu vay con co ngudn sang tir nhd dan^den duong. xe CO. l a n ^ . m . 1:):, ; „ g adn du va thu bat sau hai cuii b.r, 'lin
den cai tien trong nghien nni thiel k^, khac phuc dimt r.n cac loai bSy tren, dam bao hici cao. dap img yeu cau cap thu l
2. NOI DUNG n mum, PHAP NGHBI CUU - Nghien cini, thicl ki
' '" flien lucri. Bay
"•'-•' ' J ^ c nghien ctm hi' u nhuoc diem cua ' ' " " ''Sn du va thu bat Uii Ihuc tien.
(BUCTl va VAtCt-2) co hi™ qua d, •"du™ ??' '"="
- "a Inn bat NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THAf 3 i ,
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE irudng thdnh SRT va SR4T cao. sir dirng d noi khdng
cd di^n lirdi.
- Thi nghiem kha nang ddn du va thu bdt tnidng thanh SRT va SR4T ciia bdy den cdi tien.
Dd ddnh gia kha nang ling dung 2 loai bay den cai tidn trong viec ddn du vd thu bat trudng thanh SRT va SR4T da tien hdnh 2 thi nghiem tai khu vuc nghidn cihi (Lang Son va Nghe An).
77?/ nghiem 1: Xac dinh mau sdc dnh sdng hap ddn m ^ h nhat ddi vdi tnrdng thdnh SRT va SR4T.
Cdc thi nghiem dupc diuc hien tren mau BDCTl, ciing su dung den ddn du xa Id den phat dnh sang vdng (dupc lap dat d- vi tri khdng bi can che dnh sang tda ra xung quanh, khdng lam phan anh sang ciia den ddn du gdn vd cd cudng dd sdng cao de chieu rpi xa nhdm ddn du trudng thanh b cu ly xa bay tim den ngudn sdng). Thay ddi bdng den dan du gdn Odp dat ben trong gitra 2 mang bdn cue, phat sdng vdi budt sdng, mdu don sdc cd tinh kich thich
manh he Ihdng than kmh thi gidc cua trudng thanh ma khong cdn cirdng dd sdng cao vd kliong phdt nhiet gay ndng) vdi 8 mdu sdc khac nhau (Trang. do hdng, vang cam dam, vang nhat, xanh luc, xanh iam, tim nhat. cham (tim - den)). Theo ddi va dem sd lupng trudng thanh vao bay, chpn loai bdng den dan du d thi nghiem cd sd luong trudng thanh vao nhidu nhat de tidn hdnh tini nghiem khd nang ddn du tnrdng thdnh giiia den bdy cai tien vdi cdc loai bdy den ddi chiing khdc tai khu vuc nghien cihi.
Thi nghiem 2. Thi nghiem so sanh kha nang ddn du va thu bat trudng thdnh SRT va SR4T giiia 2 mau BDCTl va BDCT2 vdi 2 loai bdy khac dang pho bidn trong san xuat: Bdy truyen thdng ^ C l ) , bdy den ciia Diic ^ C 2 ) . Thdi gian dat bdy Id khi cd xuat hien nhieu trudng thanh nhat Ihdng qua dieu tra ngoai hien trudng, theo ddi hen tuc trong thdi gian 3 dem (5-7/10/2017). Hang gid theo doi, dem sd lupng trudng thdnh chet trong bdy.
TY 1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13
14
Bdng 1. Thdng sd ky thuat chinh ciia bdy dkn cai Cdc bd phan, thdng sd ky thuat
Pham VI thich img lap dat den ddm bdo khd nang ldm viec Khdi lupng Kich thudc den (dai x rdng x cao)
Thdi gian boat dpng tdi da sau mdi lan nap ddy dien cho acquy Khung den
Hdp bdo ve Den ddn duttrxa Den ddn du gan
Bd phan thu bat ti"udng tiianh bang khay chtia nude ddi x rdng x cao The tich nude can
Bd phan phdng dien Ngudn dien: acquy khd Bp nap acquy
Bd chuvdn ddi ngudn dien
BDCTl
Dat tren mat dat ciing, dp map md < 20 cm, dieu chinh 4 chan de can bdng 26,5 kg (bao gom cd khay nude)
60 X 62 X 55 cm (chua lap khay chtia nude)
ti^n BDCT2
Treo tren cay bang day xich, treo d'dp cao 1,2-2,0 m so vdi mat dat 17,0 kg 6 0 x 2 2 x 45 cm 8 -10 gia
Thep hop inox hoac ma kem lien ket hdn Ton inox hen ket hdn
- Su dung dien 220 V/AC: 01 den dng 60 cm (20 W) - Anh sang vang
- Sir dung dien 220 V/AC: 01 den dng 60 cm (20 W) hoac 02 den compact 20 W
- Anh sdng chdm (tim den, tia UV) 80 X 59 X 8,5 cm
inox hoac tdn ma kem 20-30 lit
02 mang d' 2 ben den ddn du gan
02 cai 12 V X 15 Ah | 04 cdi 12 Vx 6 Ah - Sii dung bd nap dien thong dung c6 sdn tren thi trudng:
Input 220 V/AC, Output 12 V/DC, 4-10 A - Sti dung dien ludi 200-240 V/AC, 50 Hz Dien ap vao: 12 V/DC, Dien dp ra 220 V/AC, 50 Hz NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 11/2019 49
He thdng dieu khien ni ddng Bd phan tao dien cao the
Tu dpng hen gid bat / tdt bdng r a l e thdi gian, dieu cbinh hiy y thai diem bat / tdt theo giay. phut, gid. _ - Dieu chinh dupc dien ap phdng dien 'A- 6 k\' - Si> dung tu tich dien, mach dao dpng didn, khong dimg bien dp cao thd (cuon day)
Hinh 1. Mdu bdy ddn djt trfen mat ddt D^ing cu bay din thdng tiiudng trong san xuat (DCI) - hinh 3 va 1: Day la dung cu bay den theo kieu tiiiydn thdng nhung su dung didn ludi de thdp sdng den dan du vdi bong den phat tia UV (mau cham). cong sudl 30 W/bdng- Thu bdt Irudng thanh
Hinh 2. Mdu bdy d6n treo trfin cSy bang d chtra nude dirpc tao bdi gd khtic va tdm mang PE. Trong thi nghiem ddi chung, d chiia nude co dien tich mat 80 x 60 cm nhu khay chiia nude ciia BDCTl.
Hmh 3. Mdng den sdng ddn du (bdng den 6ng tia Hinh 4. Bdy ddn kilu ti^y^n thdng su dung di^n cvc tim), su dung di^n ludi 220 V/AC, khdng cd ro ludi 220 V vdi bdng ddn ddn du (tia UV - mdu sdng
hm den) va o tiling chiia nude le h; dOng h?n gidf bat/tdt ddn
Bdy din ctia Due (DC2): Day la loai ba>' den bien dai, ddn du cdn triing cd xu quang bdng dnh sang den va giet chiing bang ddng dien cao the phdng ra giura 2 bdn cue dien khi chiing va cham vao (hinh 5 vd 6). Bdy den sir dung true tidp ngudn dien ludi 220 V/AC de thap sang 2 den ddn du (2 bong liup dai 60 cm, phdt sang tia l'\, 20 W/bong) va cho 1 bd phan phdng dien cao dp nam d giua 2 den ddn du nhung khdng co ra le tii ddng hen gidf bat tat boat dong cua bay den, phdi true tiep bat cdng tdc cho ca den sdng ddn du va bd phan phong dien ldm viec.
. ^'^ f t " '^'^^ '^'^ bdy den: tai noi thucmg xuyen
"^ITI t ^ ' " '"^"^^' " ^ - ^ ' Nghe An va bR4 r hai Thong ma vi tai Uiu; S-
trong 6 tieu chuan dien tu I, i chuan deu d6ng nhat vc dm '..in
i' '^ay den dat
" • Cac 6 tieu each nhau 100 BDCTl va BDCT2 su du.,^ - ,e„ ,„ u theo. Ha, loai biy iDCl va BC2 du,;c"al , " ' " ^ Phat dien. May pha. duac dat xa dam h ^ T " ™ ' dien khi cap dta bay den du dien ,•„, nnv^f"'^^
2 4 0 V ) v a d „ d i „ h . U e n g 6 n v a k h r r h > ' ' ™ - huong den thi nghiem. ^ '•'^i' '^^
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THAI
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
Didu k i ^ n t h d i tiet: k h d n g m u a , t h d i g i a n d a t b a y : tir 19 g i a tdi d e n 4 g i d s d n g h d m s a u . "Hii n g h i e m lap ai t r o n g 3 d e m ( 5 - 7 / 1 0 / 2 0 1 7 ) , tien h a n h t h e o doi
h a n g g i a , k i d m t r a v a d e m sd l u a n g I n r d n g t h d n h vao bdy.
H i n h 5. B i y d d n c u a D i i c ( s u d u n g d i ^ n lirdi 220 V / A C , k h d n g cd r a le tii d d n g h ^ n gidr b a t / t a t
h o a t dOng ciia b d y d d n ) 3. KET QUA NGHBV Ciiu
3.L N g h i e n o h i , tliiet k ^ 2 loai b d y d e n cai ti^n ( B B C n v d B D C T 2 )
3.1.1. Tinh n^ng va nguyin lyhoat ddng cua bay den cai tien
3.1.1.1. Cac ti'nh nang ky tiiuat duov thiet lap cho viic tiiiet ke bdy den cai tiin
Ddn du trudng thanh vao bdy den: Sir dung phdi hpp 2 phuong phdp ddn du tit xa va ddn du gdn (hap ddn, Idch thich manh).
Dan dll tir xa bdng dnh sang den cd mdu vang nhal ma tnrdng thdnh bi hap ddn. Den can cd cudng do sdng cao, cd kha nang phat tdn dnh sdng ra bdn phia xung quanh nhung khdng ldm mdt tac dung kich thich cua den dan du gdn. Do vay, bdy den cdn dupc dat tai vi tri it bi can vudng che lap bdi cay cdi, Ddn du gdn bdng dnh sang cd bude sdng (mdu sdc) kich tliich manh den he than kinh cua trudng thanh ldm chung lao vao ngudn sdng. Den ddn du gdn khdng can cuong dp sdng manh vi trudng thanh da tir xa bay den d- gdn xung quanh bay den song den can dupc dat d- trong bdy va khdng bi phdn anh sdng ciia den ddn du xa.
Giai phdp thu bdt Iruong thanh:
- Tliu bdt tiirdng tiianh bdng khay chica nude dupc dat d- phia dudi den ddn du gdn. Khi tiirdng thdnh vao tim ngudn sang bi va vdo nhau, vao khung den va roi xuong khay nude cd pha them dau nhon hoac xd phdng.
- Gidi trudng Ihanh bdng ddng dien cao dp (hieu
Hinh 6. Bp phan lao di^n cao dp (7 kV) vd ddn din du gdn 220 V, sii dyng ddn 6ng
dien thd > 3 kV) phdng ra giuB 2 ban circ dien dat phia trong den dan du gan. Klii trudng thdnh bay va cham vao, trd thanh vat dan dien.
3.1.1.2. Cau tnic cua bSy din cai tien a. Cau tnic cua loai bay din cai tidn (BDCTl) dat tren mat dat (hinh 7):
Khung den va chan khung:
- Khung la bo phan de hgn ket cdc bp phan, he thdng ciia bay den, duoe lam bdng thdp hop inox hoac ma kem lien kel hdn, chiu dupc va cham, khdng bidn dang do qua trinh van chuyen va su dung, khd bi han gi khi su dung ngodi trdi mua. Hai mat ddu cua khung cd 2 canh ciia md ra dupc de ldp, thay thd bdng den dan du,... Xung quanh mat khung dugc ban day thep vdi khodng each phii hpp de bdo ve cdc bdn cue, trdnh bidn dang va sai lech cdc vi ban cue do va cham, ngan cham lay phdi dien cue cao dp khi tdc nghiep va khong gay can vudng tnrdng thanh bay vdo ngudn sang ddn du.
- Chan khung den bdng thep, Id bp phan thdo roi duoc khdi khung den. xe dich duoc ti-ong ong Idng ctia khung va khda chat lai bdng bu long kep nham dieu chinh dp thang bdng ngang ciia khung den va khay chiia nude khi mat ddt noi dat den khong bdng phdng.
Hop bao ve: hinh dang khdi hop chir nhat. duoe lam bdng inox ddy Uen kel hdn, chong dupc nude mua va va cham ca hpe, la bd phan bdo ve eac chi tiet va phdn tii ciia he thdng dien va didu khien dupc ldp trong hdp. Hop hen ke't vol khung thep ciia bay den bdng ban le va bu Idng, khda, md ra dupe dd thuan hen khi tac nghiep, kiem tra bdo ti'i ky thuat,...
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 11/2019
Khay chua ntroi'\a bo phan thu bat tnrdng thanh bang chat long (nude, dung dich nude vdi xd phdng, dau nhdn), ldm trudng dianh khi roi xudng hi udt dinh canh khdng thodl ra dupc. Khay cd dang khdi hop chit nhat, bdng vat heu khdng gi va chiu duoc va cham ca hpc (tdn mox hoac ma kem, composite,...) va khdng bi dd ri nude.
Bd phan phdng dien: la bg phan giet tiudng thanh bang ddng dien cao ap (hieu dien the cao, tren 3 kV) khi chiing bay lao vao tim ngudn sang vd bi va cham vao 2 ban cue dien. Ket cdu gdm 2 mang bdn cue nam chdn b 2 ben phia ngoai den ddn du gdn.
Mill mdng gdm 2 vi ban cue dpc lap bang day thep va bu long inox M6 dupe hdn thanh binb cbii nhal. Cdc vi dupc lap vdo mam lien ket dang ban phdng hinh chii nhal bdng bu long dai dc ddm bao each dien vdi nhau va cac nan cue (day thep inox) cua mdi cap vi xen ke, cdch ddu nhau. Cac vi ban cue duoc ndi vdi nhau va vdi bp phan I90 dien cao the bang day dien vtVi vd bpc each dien.
Miim lii'n ket dang lam phang duoe gia edng tap hpi) Id de ldp rap va lien kel c;ic vi ban cue. dui den ddn du. cdu chia dien, dai c6 dmh aequy.... bdng bu long. Mam hen kdt ban cue duoc lap tren mat khung
den, kep giiia vd hdp bao ve va mat khu;'- >!ini bao each dien. chdng dd didn tir cac dien ciri.- cao ap vA den dan du ra vd hop bdo ve va khung lUii
.Xgudn cap di'in la bd phan cdp dien nang cho boat ddng cua tat ca cac bd phan, he thdng dien ciia bdy den, gom 8 acquy khd 12 A' ndi song song. Tdng dung lupng cua acquy ducrc tinh. lua chpn dam bao cho den boat dpng dupe tir 8 -10 gid' sau mdi ldn nap du dien.
Hi thdng nap dien va truyin din gdm:
- Cum d cdm nap dien cho acquy + cdu chi bao ve ban che cudng dp ddng nap dien va cdng tdc tdi nguon acquy. Kdt cdu ctim 6 cdm nap dien dang d chim 3 chan, chi cdm dupe vdo ddu ra cua bd nap dien theo 1 chidu da dinh nhdm trdnh cdm nap ngugc cue gay ra chdy nd acquy va chap dien.
- Cum cdu noi chia dien: la bp phan lap rap cdc dau day dien ciia cdc cue acquy va cdc loai den ddn du xa va gdn de cdng ldc thdo ldp, kiem ti-a thuan lpi de dang, dam bdo an loan.
- Cum cdng tdc didu khien (bat/ldl) 2 loai den dan du xavdgan.
Hmh 7. Miu bdy ddn cai tidn dat trfin mat ddt (BDCTl) ^ ^ Ghi cbii: I. Hdp bao ve acquy va he thdng dien: 2. Cum d aim nap dien ;ir mnr ^., ,
- . I ii\. f.jux, Ltiii i til . ''^/np" tic till nguiin:.?. Ben diin du gan (den mau, tia cue tun): 4. Bii phan phang rlien Oian rliOn CUL - h-i- 5. CllOn dieu cliinh thang bang: 6. Khay chua nuoc: T. Killing diep lan. .1 Ij, „ ,/a„ ,j„ ',."'°
ling sanir tiang hoac vang): 9. Canh cua de Uiay bong den: m Ro le tu done /„.,, „ ^ , f ^^
• ' -"-^ IJ- Bo bien '^''dieu lihien dtil nguon dien: 11 Canh cua hop dieu khien: 13. Bo phan tao dien cao die. 7 /. c
den diin du: 15. Day cap dien cao the: 16. Cum cau noi chia dien: 17. .Xguon cap On ii (ac 'CQuyiclio 12 - Dav diin k « noi cac bo phan. ^W^" 220V/AC, .WHz de cap cho r,;le tu d - ,,
„ • , , .. ^.. . ^ . rt, - it- t-i"™ he Ihong den dlindu "^ *>? dong hen Bo plian chuyen doi nguon dien. Chuyen doi
dicn ap 1 chiiu 12 V/DC ttr acquy thanh dien ap xoay * ' " " ' W dieu Ithien lu dime l'„), °lu dting hen
. i : NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 -
'''-' ' I G l l
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE gia dupe cap didn tir bd chuyen ddi ngudn dien (220
V/AC), tao Un hieu didu khien 220 V/AC tiieo chu ky mach ddng (vdi 2 giai doan ON va OFF) cap tdi cum cdng tdc dieu khien den ddn du va tin hieu 12 V/DC ciing theo ehu ky nay cap tdi hd phan tao dien cao thd. Thai gian cua ehu ky dupe lua chpn theo ydu eau ciia ngudi sir dung vd cai dat rat dd ddng bdng cdc mit an tren mat cua bd ra le tu ddng hen gid-. Man hinh tren mat bp ra le ndy hien thi sd thdi gian tuong img vdi ON va OFF da trdi qua.
Din din du Id bd phan phdt dnh sang cd mau sdc sdng kich thich manh trudng thanh cd tinh xu quang tim d^n ngudn sdng, bao gdm: Den ddn du xa va Den ddn du gan.
Bd phan tao diin cao thi': gom mach dao ddng didn cimg vdi he tu dien vd bien dp, ... nhan tin hieu didn 12 V/DC hi ra le tu dong hen gid hoac tir acquy cdp ddn, chuydn thdnh didn cao the tren 3 kV. thdng qua cdp dien cd vd cdch dien ddn tdi cdc vi ban cue cua bp phan phdng didn. Thay ddi sd vdng day cudn so cdp cua bidn dp se tang hay gidm dien ap phdng didn giiia 2 ban cue de phii hop vdi ddi tuong to hay nhd va mdi trudng khdng khi (khd hay am) nhdm tidt kiem nang lupng dien acquy va an loan.
b. Cau tnic aia loai biy din cai tiin (BDCT2) treo tren cay (hinh 2)
Loai bdy ndy dupe sii dung dd bdy va gidt trudng thdnh d vimg sau trong rimg nen dupe dat d- viing suon doi. Mdu nay caban gidng loai bdy den dat tren mat dat ve nguyen ly boat ddng vd can true ciia cac bp phan: Den ddn du, bd phan phdng dien, bo phan bien doi ngudn dien. bd phan tao dien eao the. he thdng nap va truydn ddn dien, he thdng didu khien tir ddng. Bdy duac treo len cay de lang klid nang chieu rpi anh sang dan du ra xa nen khdng the sii dung khay chiia nude dd thu bat trudng thdnh.
Diem khac nhau la bdy den treo tren cay khong cd phdn khung den va chan khung, thay vao dd la khung ludi thep bdo ve, ndp chup bdo ve mam lien ket ban cue va day xich treo. Hop bdo ve dupc lon xudng dudi de chtia acquy va cac bp phan cua hd Ihong dien va didu khien tu dgng nhdm giam thdp trpng tam den biy. ddm bdo su can bdng, trdnh lal do den khi dat tren mat ddt va thuan lpi, dd dang khi treo den len canh cay.
3.1.2. Nguyin ly boat ddng chung cua biy din
={D'=
34
E20
5
V/AC
*
220V/AC
Dieu chinh di^n dp cuo
7
U 0} KV
*
8he
H
Hinh 8. So d6 nguyta ly he th^ng nap di^n va diiu khifo tii dpng ciia bSy d t a cai ti&
Ghi chii: 1. Bo nap dien acquy (Input 220 V/AC, Output 12 hoac 24 V/DC: 2. Ngudn cap dien (acquy 12 hoac 24 V/DC: 3. Cong tic tit nguon acquy: 4 Bo bien doi ngudn dien (Input 12/24 V/DC, Output 220 V/DC, 50 Hz): 5. Ra le tu dong hen giir: 6. Cum cong tic dieu khien den din du: 7. Bo tao dien cao thi (Input 12/24
1 /DC. Output (3 - e) kV/DC: S. Bd phan phong dien (ban cue dien): 9. Den din du tirxa vii dan du gan.
Khi acquy da dtroe- nap diy dien va bJy den da *"«<^ ^°^ bS>'.'™ ^ay biy dat t e n mat dat de dam dam bao tinh trang ky thuat tdt, cSn van chuyen b^" 1"?" 1 " " ^im du cao.
acquy den hien tnicmg va chon dia diem lap dat tiiy Tien hanh cat dat he thdng dieu l<hien tu dong che dp hoat dong cua bay den (gdm: thin diem dong
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 11/2019 53
m^ch didn cho den bat dau hoat ddng va thoi diem Cli mach dicn cho den ngimg hoat ddng). Bat cdng tac ngudn acquy truoc khi roi hien tnrong. Theo che dp dieu khi^n da duoc cai daU den thoi diem da dmh trong dem, he thdng tu ddng dong mach dien lam cho cdc den dan du tu xa va dan du gdn cimg vdi bp phan tao dien the cao ap ddng thai cimg lam viec.
Trudng thdnh trong rimg tu cac vi tn xa bdy den, phal hi^n thdy nguon sang dan du tu xa trong dem tdi. bi kich thich bay tim den phia cd ngudn sang.
Khi den gan bay den, anh sang lu cdc den dan du gan ndm phia Irong eac ban cue dien co sue hap dan kich thich manh lam chiing bay lao vao. Trong qua tnnh nay, chung hi va cham vao nhau va va vao khung den nen bi rai xudng khay chiia nuoe d dudi va cheL
Mdt sd eon khac bay lpi qua diroc khodng trdng cua ludi bdo vd bdn ngoai khung ciia bay den se va ch^mi vao bdn cue dien trd' Uianh vat dan dien va bi ddng dien cao thd phong qua. Nm qua tnnh va cham ydu. dipn trd bdp xiic giir.i chung vdi eac nan dien cue sO Idn hoftc dien ap cao the khdng qua manh thi ddng didn truydn qua ehi lam chung bi thucmg va roi xudng khay chira nude. Truang hoi) nguoe lai, dong didn phdng qua rat manh ldm chung bi hiil dinh chat vao bdn cue vd hi Ihieu chay.
Sau mpt so gia boat ddng, dien nang ;ich b-ong aequy can dan lam dien ap acquy gidm den muc ndo do tii 8 - 12 V bay thudc tinh naim eua bd phan chuydn ddi ngudn dien, bp phan na\ hr ddng ngimg lam Wee va lam bdy den ngimg hoat ddng. Khi dd can mang toan bp bdy den (hoac cd the thdo ri^ng acquy) ve noi cd ngudn dien lirdi hoac didn tir pin mat trdi, dat tidu chudn 200-240 V de nap dien bdng bd nap aequy chuyen dung. Voi ddng dien nap hop ly bang 1/10-1/12 dung lupng acquy. thdi gian nap khoang 6 - 7 gid, acquy se duoe nap ddy (dien ap khoang 13 - 13.4 V) va bp phan nap tu ddng cdt didn.
Ldp lai acquy vdo bay den de sdn sdng cho Idn sir dung Uep theo.
3.2. K^t qua thi nghidm xdc dinh mdu sdc dnh sang hdp din m^nh nhdt ddi vdi truong thdnh ciia SRTvaSR4T
Sau khi dat loai bdy den cdi tien Ioai 1 (dat trdn mat dat va cd khay chira nude de thu bdt ti-udng ihanh) sir dung den dan du gdn la 8 loai bdng den cd mau sdc khdc nhau (sir dung chung den ddn du xa la den luyp phdt anh sang vdng), tiieo doi va ddm sd lucmg tiirdng thanh thu dupc d cdc loai bay. Kel qua dan du va giet trudng thanh duoc the hidn ti-ong bang 2.
Baiig 2. Kdt qud tini nghidm mdu sdc dnh sang ddn du gdn ddi vdi truong thdnh SRT vd SR4T Mail sae anh sang va
loai bdng den sir dung _
Sang Irang (dcii neon)
Hieu qua dan du truong ihanh SRT tai Nghe An. ngay 01/10/2017
Nhicu trudng thanh bay den gdn den nhimg chi quanh quan phia ngoai. cdch den khoang 1-2 m
- is:; cim bichet
M;iu dd hdng (den | - Nbicu trudng thanh bay den I led 220\-)
Mail vang cam dam
^dcn led 220 V) Sang vang nhat (den compact)
Mau xanh luc led 22(1 \-)
(den
gdn den nhung chi quanh quan phia ngoai, each den khodng 1-2
• Khdng CO con nao chdt den, khdng cd con nao chet - .Nliicu trudng thanh bay den gan den nhung chi quanh quan phia ngoai, each den khodng 1-2 m
- ISGcon bichet
Hieu qua dan du tiirdng thdnh SK4T tai Lang Son, ngdj 3/10/2017
- Nhieu ti-udng thanh bay den gdn den nhung chi quanh quan phia ngoai, cdch den khoang 1-2
158 eon hi chel
- Nbieu irudng (hanh bay ddn san den nhung chi quanh quan Ph'a ngoai, each den khoang 1-2
J^Hngw^onnaochet Khdng thay tiuong thanh den ga Khong t h i m r d i ^ g l h ^ ; , ! ^ ^ ^
jiaochet
^ n ^ k h o n ^ c o con
gan den nhung ch, quanh qnan phia ngoai, each d<-nkho.nLM-9
- Nhicu trudng thanh bay den gdn den nhung chi quanh (luaii
-122 con bl chel - Nhieu Uirong ihaj j,':in deji nhung chi N O N G NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN N O N G THON - KY 2 - THA ••
KkiOA HOC CONG NGHE
6
7
8
Mdu xanh lam (den led 220 V)
Mau tim nhat (den led 220 V)
Mdu cham (tim - den, den UV 220 V, 20 W)
phia ngodi, each den khoang 1-2 m
- 77 con bi chet
- Nhieu trudng thanh bay den gdn den nhung chi quanh quan phia ngodi, each den khoang 1-2 m
- Khdng CO con nao chdt - Nhieu trudng thanh bay den gdn den nhung chi quanh quan phia ngodi, each den khoang 1-2 m
- Khdng cd con nao chet - Nhidu trudng thanh bay den gdn den nhung chi quanh quan phia ngoai. each den khoang 1-2 m
- 297 con bi chet
phia ngodi, each den khoang 1-2 m
- 40 con bi chet
- Nhidu trudng thdnh bay ddn gdn den nhung chi quanh quan phia ngodi, each den Idiodng 1-2 m
- Khdng cd con nao chet - Nhidu tnrdng thdnh bay ddn gdn den nhtmg chi quanh qudn phia ngoai. cdch den khoang 1-2 m
- Khdng cd con nao chet - Nhidu trudng thdnh bay ddn gan den nhung ehi quanh qudn phia ngoai, each den khoang 1-2 m
- 232 con bl chdt Ket qua tai bang 2 cho thay:
- Anh sdng mau hdng, mdu vdng cam dam, mdu xanh lam vd tim nhat hdu nhu khong cd cd ldc dung kich thich, dan du trudng thanh 2 lodi sau tren vdo den, anh sang mau xanh luc cd tdc dung ddn du ydu
- Anh sdng trdng va vdng nhal cd kha nang ddn du cao, dac biel anh sang mau cham khi sii dung bdng den phat tia UV cd hidu qua dan du eao nhdt ddi vdi ca 2 loai tren.
3.3. K^t qud thi nghidm kha nang din du va gi^t tiudng thdnh SRT va SR4T
Ve ti'nh nang ky tiiuati
- Mdu BDCTl va DCI cimg dat tren mat ddt.
Cling chd dp mdu sac vd cudng dp anh sdng ddn du gdn (den phdt tia UV), thu bdt bang khay nude hoac Bang 3. K^t qua thu bat tnidng thanh
d chiia nude cd cimg dien tich (80 cm x 60 em). Khac nhau d ehd: BDCTl cd them den ddn du tir xa bdng den dng phat sang vang nhal vd gidt bdng 2 mang ban cue phdng dien eao the.
- Mdu BDCT2 va DC2 cung treo tren cay, ciing che dp mdu sac va cudng dp anh sdng dan du (den phdt tia UV) va ehi gidt bang bang ban cue phdng dien cao thd. Khac nhau a chd: BDCT2 cd them den ddn du tii xa va cd 2 mdng ban cue phdng dien 2 ben den ddn du trong khi DC2 chi cd mdt mang ban cue d giira 2 den dan du gan.
Vi hieu qua dan du va thu bdt sau tnrdng thanh:
Kel qud thu dupe dupe trinh bay trong bdng 3 vd 4.
SRT giiia cdc loai bay ddn tai Ngh§ An
Don vi tinh: Con Thcri gian
thi nghi&m 5/10/2017 6/10/2017 7/10/2017 Tong cong
S6 lirong tnrmig thanh chet DCI
157 152 125 434
DC2 72 65 57 194
BDCTl Trong khay nuoc
139 145 97 381
Tren ban cue 95 82 74 251
Tong cong 234 227 171 632
BDCT2 110 89 75 274 Ket qua tliu duac cho thay: tai Nghe An. sd
lupng tiirdng tiidnh SRT thu duoe U-ong timg dem va ca 3 dem d BDCTl (632 con) cao hon d DCI (434 eon) tdi 198 con, a BDCT2 (274 con) cao hon d- DC2 (194 con) tdi 80 con. Dieu ndy chiing td. BDCTl cd
hieu qua dan du lot hon do phdi hop thu bdt bdng khay nude va giet bdng phdng dien cao the. BDCT2 ciing cd hieu qua dan du tdt hon do cd them den dan du tir xa vd sd lupng Irudng Ihdnh chel nhidu hon do cd 2 mang bdn cue phdng dien.
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 11/2019
Bang 4. K^t qua thu bit tnrong thanh SR4T giiia c4clo?i biy den t?i Tang Son
Bim u unh: Con Thai gian
thi nghiem 5/10/2017 6/10/2017 7/10/2017 Tdng cong
DCI 147 123 105 375
DC2 B2 57 43 162
So Iuong tnrong thanh chet BDCTl Trong khay nirtrc Tren ban cue
132 85 115 • 72
S7 58 334 1 215
Tong cong 217 187 145 549
BDCT2 81 SI 258 Tai Ling S(m, sd lupng trudng thanh SR4T thu
dupc trong timg dem va ca 3 dem d B D O 1 (549 con) cao ban d DCI (375 con) lot 174 con, b BDCT2 (258 con) eao hon d DC2 (162 con) tcri 96 con. Didu nay chimg td. BDCTl co hieu qud ddn du SR4T tdt han DCI do phoi hpp thu bdt bang khay nuoc va gidt biing phdng dien. BDCT2 cung co hieu qua ddn du SK4T idt han do cd them den ddn du tir xa va sd lupng trudng thdnh chet nhieu hon do cd 2 mdng ban cue phdng dien.
Ve dnh ea ddng, pham vi sir dung: 2 Ioai bay den cat lien BDCTl vd BDCT2 deu su dung ngudn dien tir acquy nen gii-t duoe truang thanh d trong rung ngay t^i nai bi sau phd hgi va lap dat dupc tren mpi dia hinh nen hidu qua su dung cao, dam bdo chii dpng hoan loan viec thu bdt sdm sau trudng thanh va ngin chan dich hai. De ap dung DCI va DC2 ddi hdi phai CO dipn ludi khi do chi cd the lap dat bdy den d canh khu dan eu hoae duang giao thdng nai eo dudng didn di qua nen hieu qua ddn du va thu bdt thap do khodng each tir nai dat bay den den nm bi Siiu hai qua xa. Hoac phai dung may phat dien va keo vao sau trong i'img noi bi sau hai Iam tang cao ehi phi do van chuyen may phal va nhien lieu, nhan cdng van hanh.
4. THAO LUAN
Nhirng nghien cuu trude day cho thay, cd the phdng Uir Sau rom thong va Sau rom 4 lum long bang bien phap sir dung bdy den. Trong nghien cuu eiia Bill Dinh Due va Bin \'an Bdc (2013), sii dung loai bdng den chum neon (65 W) vdi ngudn nang lupng dien luoi hoae acquy N2,"i cho hieu qud kha tdt trong vice thu hiil trudng thanh loai Sau rom 4 bim Idng. Pham Dang Quoc (2010) da dua ra 2 mau den cai tidn (^u dung dien lum va dien acquy) khdc phuc duac nhiing bdt cap ciia cac den nhap ngoai trong vide Ihu bat tnrdng thdnh SRT. Uiy nhien tdc gia chi lap tiling cai tien ve cau tao ciia bay den. phtrong phap giet trudng thanh bdi 2 ban cue cao ap chu
chua cd bo sung, nghien ciiu vd loai dnh sang cd thd ddn du duoe trudng thanh.
Cd 2 loai bdy den cdi tien trong nghien cihi ndy deu cd hieu qua cao thu hiil trudng thanh hp ngai ddc va giet chung. Loai bay den dat ti-en mat dat (BDCTl) eho hieu qua thu bdt trudng thanh cao hon nhieu so vdi Ioai bdy den treo Iren cay (BDCT2) mac dii gidng nhau vd cdng sudl ngudn dien acquy va den ddn du xa va dien dp cao thd va ban cue phdng didn.
Cd duoc kdt qua ndy do d BDCTl da dupc sir dung cd 2 phuong phap id thu bdt bdng nude vd bdng ddng dien cao dp. Loai bdy den BDCT2 do phai treo ti'dn cay de giet sau hong rimg nen khdng tiie sir dung khay chua nude, do vay phdn nao giam kha nang thu bdt sau tiirdng thdnh so vdi Ioai BDCTl.
Bay den cai tien da cd nhirng thiet ke cai tidn phu hpi) vdi didu kien trong san xuat lam nghiep, khde phuc dupc nhimg bat cap ctia cac loai bdy den hien dang sii diing: Dd dang van chuyen, mdi ldn sac acquy se dii dien de dung trong 8-10 gid va dac bidt kha nang ddn du va thu bdt tiudng Ihdnh rat hieu qua. Vdi nhting nguyen vat lieu sdn cd trong nude, 2 loai bay den cdi tidn nay de dang sdn xudt hang loat vol chl phi thap, dap ung duac yeu cdu ti-ong viec phong tm sau rom hai thong, khdng gay 6 nhidm moi UiTong, hieu qua Phong tru cao
S.KHLUftN
tn J ; ^ 1 1 ; " ^ ' ' " ' " ^^ ^^ ^^° ^''^^ hai va thu bdt
^ H h n h ' ^ r " " ' ^ ^'^"^ ^SRT va SR4T^ la bien phap chu dong beu diet som ngudn tning au da hi,u qua cao, kh.ng su dung ,Zc b d ^ d thuc vatnen khong gay o nhi^n. nioi tmong bdo ve sS khoe nguoi lao ddng va cong dong
Hai mdu bdy den cai Uen dur. n„K • , • tao mdi ti-en day da khac phu.- d.ac ^ T ' " " ' ciia cac loa, dung cu bdv d.n h'-n ^ ' ™ *^
u-ong san xuat: """^ ^^ tlwiB - Dat hieu qua cao trong \
thanh SITI" va SR4T do phoi ho], '^" <ll) truong
•'"= ''w dSn du NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE ttr xa (anh sang vdng nhat) vd den ddn du gan (anh
sang mau chdm, tia UV) lam kich thich manh chiing lao vao tim ngudn sang.
- Dat hieu qua thu bat trudng thanh cao do phdi hpp 2 phirong phap tich cue bdng cdc ban cue phdng dien cao dp va bdng bdy nirdc khi chiing bay lao vao ngudn sang nen tiet kiem nang lupng dien, khdng can sii dung acquy ldn, gidm chi phi thiel hi va khdi lupng van chuyen. Thdi gian ddn du va thu bat hieu qua 2 loai SRT va SR4T bdng bay den tii 19 gid den 4 gia sang hdm sau.
- Sir dung ngudn didn acquy, kich thude, ket cdu va khdi lupng hpp ly nen cd tinh co dong cao, cd the ldp dai lai mpi dia huih d ddi nui, U-en mat dat khdng bang phdng, treo len cay ma khdng phu thudc vao ngudn dien ludi vd mdy phat dien.
- Chii ddng thdi diem bat/tat boat ddng cua bdy den nhd ed he thdng didu khien tu ddng hen gid* nen dam bao tiet kiem dien cho den ddn du va bd phan phdng dien.
- Hoal ddng on dinh, dam bdo an loan dien, dd sii dung, ehe lao dupe d trong nude.
TAI UEU THAM KHAO
1. Le Van Binh va Pham Quang Thu (2008).
Sau rdm bdn chiini Idng hai Thong ma vi d tinh Bdc Giang vd Lang Son. Tap chi Nong nghiep va Phat triin ndng thdn, sd 6/2008.
2. Bui Dmh Dire (2011). Nghien cuu de xuat bien phap vat ly ca gidi phdng trir Sau rom 4 tiim Idng {Dasychira avutiia Collennette) hai thdng tai Lpi Bdc. Lpc Binh. Lang Son. Luan van thac sy khoa hpe lam nghiep. Trudng Dai hpe Lam nghiep, 72 trang.
3. Bui Dmh Due va Bui Van Bdc (2013). Ngliien cim de xual bien phap vat ly, ca gidi trong phdng ti"ir Sau rdm 4 tum long {Dasychira axutha Coliennette) hai Thdng ma vi tai Lde Binh, Lang Son. Tap chi
Quan ly Tai nguyen ning va Mdi trudng, sd 3. tr 46- 52.
4. Le Nam Hung va Nguydn Van Dd (1990).
Nghien cdu phdng tru Sau rdm thdng dua tien nguyen tac phdng trir tdng lit^ mdi dupc ti'en banh.
5. Nguydn The Nha (2010). Nghidn ciiu dac diem sinh hpc, smh thai ca ban va mdi quan he giua nidi tiirdng va su phdt smh ctia sau rdm hai Ihdng.
Tap chi Ndng nghiep va Phat tiiin ndng thdn.
6. Nguydn Tlie Nha, Trdn Cdng Loanh va Trdn Van Mao (2001). Diiu tra du ti'nh du bao sau benh
tronglAm nghiip. Nha xuat bdn Ndng nghiep.
7. Pham Dang Qudc va eong su (2010). .\'ghien cuu cai tien den bay budm phong tu Sau rdm thdng.
Ky ydu Hdi nghi Khoa hpc cdng nghe Lam nghiep khu vuc phia Bdc, tr 631-641.
8. Pham Quang Thu (2012). Sau, beiih liai rung trdng. Nha xuat ban Ndng nghiep.
IMPROVING LIGHTTRAP IN PREVENTING Dendrolunuspunctatiis AND Dasychira axutha ON Finus merhish AND Finus massoniana
Le Xuan Phuc\ Dao Ngoc Quang^
Forest Industry Research Institute -Forest Protection Research Centie Summary
Using light traps to forecast pests and collect adult of Dendrolimuspunctatus Walker and Dasychira axutha Collenette is a positive and effecUve solution to protect Pine plantaUon. ihe environment and health by not using toxic chemicals. Two improved llght-U'ap models overcome Ihe inadequacies of the cuiTently used liglit-lrap types: Using balleiy power, it is highly mobile; Can be located at any location in the plantation without power source and generator: Safe operation, easy to use. Using the light-yellow light source attracts moths from afar (60 cm tube light 20 W), and indigo light source (purple-black. UV rays) (60 cm tube light 20 \\' or 2 compact 20 W) atti-acts nearby moths will be highly effective in preventing Dendrolimus punctatusand Dasychira axutha. Suitable lime to set the light traps is from 19pm lo 4am next day.
Keywords: Light trap, automatic cona-ol system. High voltage discharge. Dendrolimus punctatus Walker.
Dasychira axiitiia Collenette.
Ngudi phan bidn: GS.TS. Nguydn The Nha Ngdy nhdn bai: 1/10/2019
Ngdy thdng qua phan bidn: 4/11/2019 Ngay duyet dang: 11/11/2019
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 11/2019
