KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
So 04/2020
Nghien cuu ap dung phuang phap danh gia da tieu chi xay dyng mo hinh trung tam logistics phu hop
voi boi canh Viet Nam huong den phat trien ben vung
• TS. NGUYEN VAN K H O A N G ; PGS. TS. H 6 T H ! THU HOA; ThS. T R A N QUANG DAO ThS.TdTH! HANG.ThS.NGUYiN HUYNH L U U PHU'DNG; ThS. CHU THj HUE TrUdng Dai hgc Giao thong van tai TP Ho ChiMinh
• ThS. Lt V A N T H A N H - Cdng ty Co phan Cang Sai Gon - Hiep Phudc
T O M TAT: Mye tieu cua bai bao n h i m xay dung he thong danh gia da tieu chi (OGOTC) huong den phat tnen ben vung cho viec xay dung mo hinh trung tam logistics tai Viet Nam Theo do, mot he thong danh gia gdm cac tieu chf ve kmh te, xa hdi va moi trudng la ba khfa canh chu lyc cua su phat tnen ben vung duoc thiet lap Nhom tac gia tdng hop va khai q u i t hoa ket qua cua cac cong trinh nghien cuu truac thanh mpt t^p hop cac tieu chi sd dung lam he thong danh gia tham khao cho viec xay dung trung tam logistics phu hop voi yeu cau va boi canh phat trien cua dat nuoc,
T u KHOA: Trung tam logistics, he thong danh gia da tieu chi, Viet Nam.
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this paper ts to form a multi-criteria assessment framework concerning sustainable development for building a logistics centre model in Viet Nam The system of criteria taking into consideration economic, social and environmental factors that are three major pillars of sustainable development is formed. Authors systematise and generalise results of previous research in order to form a collection of criteria as reference for building logistics centres in accordance with the demand and development context of the country
KEYWORDS: Logistics centre, multi-cnteria analysis, Viet Nam,
I.DATVANDE
Logistics ddng vai trd quan trgng vdi nen kinh te trong viec quyet djnh Igi the canh tranh cua n g i n h edng nghiep v i thQong mai eua mgt qudc gia (Christopher, 2016; Guasch & Kogan, 2001; Pham, Ma, & Yeg 2017).
Ngoii ra, logistics giup duy trt tang trQdng kinh te, phue loi x i hgi va euge sdng hang ngay (McKinnon, 2009, Onden, Acar, & Eldemir, 2018; Rantasila & Ojala, 2012}.
Q u i trinh toan eau hda yeu cau eic qude gta nang cao n i n g iQc canh tranh cua he thdng logistics nham mue tieu p h i t trien mpt cieh ben vQng (Onden, Acar, &
Eldemir, 2018).
Logistics dQge djnh nghia la qua trinh q u i n ly chien luoc q u i trinh mua hang, van ehuyen v i luu kho nguyen v i t lieu v i hang hoa xuyen sudt qua cac eong ty v i eie kenh ttep thl eua ehung nham tdi da hda lgi nhuin v i tdt Uu hda chi phf (Christopher, 2016). Su hten dien cua mdt trung t i m logistics giup ning eao viec tap trung ngudn luc ve eon ngUdl, dieh vu, tat chinh va nen t i n g co sd phap lyde d i m bao su van hanh kinh te thdng sudt cua mgt khu vUe no! rieng v i qude gia noi ehung. Mdt trung t i m logistics eung cap hdn hop va da dang eie loai hinh dich VIJ de cung cap dich VIJ lien quan den luu kho, h i i quan, quan ly nguyen v i t lieu, xQ ly dan hang, thong quan hang hda, ddng got, ky ma hieu va cac djeh vy gia trj gia tang khic.
Trong bdi eanh cua Viet Nam, danh g i i eao t i m quan trpng eCta trung t i m logistics, Thu tUdng Chinh phu da ban hanh Quyet dinh sd 200/QD-TTg ban hanh n g i y 14/02/2017 ve viec phe duyet ke hoach hanh ddng n i n g eao n i n g lue eanh tranh v i p h i t trien dleh vu logistics Viet Nam den nam 2025 va Quyet dinh sd 1012/
QO-TTg ban h i n h ngiy 03/7/2015 ve viec Phe duyet quy hoaeh phit tnen he thong trung t i m logistics tren dja b i n e i nUde den nam 2020, djnh hudng den nam 2030 la nen tang cho viee thue hien xiy dUng trung t i m logistics. Viee x i y dUng trung tam logistics khong chi gidi han dyeu cau phittrien kinhte eho khu vUe m i eon phat dam b i o eie khia eanh khae cho sQ phat trien ben vQng etja qude gia not ehung va cuoe sdng eua ngudt d i n ndi rieng.
2.C0sdLVLUAN 2.1. Phat trien ben viifng
Kbit niem "Phit trien ben vQng phd bien rdng r i i v i o nam 1987 nhd Bao eio Brundtland (eon got l i Bio eio Our Common Future) eiJa Uy ban Mot trQdng va Phit trien the gidi - WCED (nay l i Uy ban Brundtland). Theo do, p h i t trien ben vQng l i "sQ phit tnen cd the d i p Qng
139
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
So 04/2020
6ugc nhQng nhu eau hien tat m i khong phQong hat den nhQng k h i n i n g d i p Qng nhu cau eua cie the he tUOng lai..."(WCED, 1987).Trong bdi eanh eua Viet Nam, Ban ke hoaeh hanh dong qude gia thuc hien ehuong trinh nghj su 2030 visu p h i t trien ben vQng (Van phdng Thu tudng Chfnh phu, 2017) nhan manh tam quan trpng eua viec x i y dung p h i t trien mang hieu q u i kinh te ben vQng, t o i n dien lien tiJc; tao dung cong an viec l i m ; quan t i m b i o ve mdi trUdng.
Phittrien bin vung
Phat trien kinhte
On djnh xa hpi
Bao ve moi tru'ang
Nguon: WCED Hinh 2.1: Cac khia canh eua phat trien ben vung 2.2. He thong DGDTC
OGOTC hay p h i n tieh da tieu chui'n (MCA - Multi- Criteria Analysis hay MCDA - Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis} duac sQdung rgng rai trong cac nganh nghe va ITnh vue, d i e biet trong viec quyet dinh eic van de mang tinh chat phQc tap, ddi hdi kien thQc va kinh nghiem trong nhieu ITnh vUe (W^trobskt, Jankowski, Ztemba, Karezmarezyk, & Zioio, 2018). Cieh tiep can niy eang trd nen thdng dung hon khi ngiy nay cac dU i n hay van de ktnh te, xa hot phQe tap, da chieu, khdng chae chan va nang tinh rui ro eing trd nen phd bien (Govindan, Khodaverdl, & Jafarlan, 2013; Podviezko, 2015).
Mgt he thdng OGOTC hd trg viee d i n h g i i v i quyet dinh iQa chon phQong i n phu hgp nhi't (Govindan va eong sQ, 2013; Podviezko, 2015}. Viee d i n h gia duge thuc hien dUa tren td hop eie tieu ehi khac nhau va mUcdgquan trgng tQong ddi cua cac tieu chi dugc tten h i n h thdng qua viec tham khao chuyen gia, tren ca sd ly thuyet hoic kinh nghiem eua ea n h i n . Ben canh do, eie thong sd eho tQng ehi tieu duac thiet l i p nham luong hda cae tieu ehi danh g i i .
3. H | THONG OGDTC CHO VIEC XAY D U N G MO HiNH TRUNG TAIVI LOGISTICS TAI VIET NAIVI
Mdt he thdng gdm cae ehi tieu sau d i y dugc xay dung n h i m d i n h gia viee xiy dung trung t i m logistics, duge tham khao tQ eie nghien cQu trude d i y eua eic tae gia Lee, Green, & Kim (1981); Ross SiSoland (1980}; Sun, Gao, & Wu (2008), Zak & W^gliriski (2014}.
Bing 3.1. Nhom eie yeu to ben vdng eho viec lua chpn vj tri xay dung trung tim logistics
at
1
n
sti
g>
trung
i 5
Phatt
Khia canh Kinhte
X a h o i
M o i trUctng
Ten c h i tidu
• Bieu kien cua ca sd ha tdng GTVT
• Tiem nang phat trien kmh te
• Chi p h i d a u t u
• Mile do canh tranh, t h u hut dau t l / , thu hot ve GTVTva logistics
• Mile do hap dan ciia trung tarn v6i khach hang
• Kha nang m d r o n g
• Mu'c do t h u hut ve xa hoi
• An ninh, an toan cho hoat d o n g tai trung tam, cho ngudi lao d o n g tai l<hu vuc
• Miic do than thien moi trUdng Nguon: Nhom tac gia tong hgp Bdng 3.2 thdng ke ngi dung v i eic thdng sd danh gia lien quan den tQng cht tteu can can nhac khi lUa chon vj trf xay dUng eho mgt trung t i m logistics hudng den phat trien ben vQng, h i m y dap Qng dQpc eae tieu chi ve ktnh te, xa hdi v i mdi trQdng.
Bing 3.2. He thdng cht tieu danh gia vj trf lua ehgn xiy dung trung tim logistics
Khia canh Kinlite
2
3
5
7
8 Ten chi tteu Dieu kien cua CO sd GTVT.
t<ti3 nang
pliuong thiJc van t^i Tiem nang phai tnen l<inhie Chi ptii
Mile flo ve GTVT va Mi/cao tliu hiit
MUc do GTVTuI iogtstics hap dan
tihich
md rpng N6I dung
Di^n tich danh cho giao thong ciia trung tam logistics Khoang each tCi Irung tam logistics den cac ha tang GTVF ttong diemi khoang each den ga du'dng sSt, duong cao toe. eang bien, san bay
GiS tn GDP hang nam tren dau ngudl cua vi In lUa chon xay dung Itung tam logistics Chi phi ciia eac hang muc.
Thu hoi dat, phat tnen, nguyen lieu xaydUng,
Trang thiet bi, phuong tien, Nh3nc6ng, Phan tram so nha cung cap dich vu logistics (GTVT giao nhan, kho hang) van hanh tai dia phuang so Tong dien tich Khu dSc quyen l(inh te (SEZ), giup danh g\i loi (ch tiem ning ciia khu vue ve uu dai thue danh gia theo thong sd vS thil bac PCI (Provincial Competitiveness Tong hang hda duae van chuyen bdi doanh nghiep logistics trong
Khoing each tif vi tri ciia trung tam den dia diem giao hole nhan hang hoa ciia eong ty khSeh hing
Kh^ nang mci rong ve dien tich de thich uYig vdl nhu cau phSt tnen di^n tich trdng e i n lai xung quanh vi tri lua chon trung tam logistics
Thdng s6 danh gid km VI 00 km'
VND
VND/m'
%
chisspa
Tan km/ nim
140
Xahdl
Mdi trudng
9
10
11 MUc 36 thu hilt ve xahdi
Miicdd thi&n moi trUiJng
Ty IS thSt nghiep % Co hoi gilo due va ngh^ nghiep
SoTNGT (cing thap cang totl S6tai nan cdng nghiep mdi 1,000 ngudl (cing thap cang tot) Sfi te nan xiy ra trong khu vUc (cang thap cing tdt) Kha ning eiia khu vUc duac bao ve kh6i phi hoai tai sin. so vu viec pha hoai tai sin duoc ghi nhan tai khu vUc trong nam gan nhat (cang thap eang lot)
Nguae tai, khi dau tu vao khu vuc lua chon k^m an toan, can sU dau t u d c gill phap bio ve cho khu vue khdi su phi hoai tai sin, vi du nhu he thong camera an nmh, dan den SU phit sinh chi phi Dinh gil qua mUc do tieng dn, 6 nhiem
Tong di^n tich khu vuc duac bao ve, vidu nhudien tich ming xanh
S6 eosd giao due dio tao moi 100.000 Thang diem Sfi vu viec Sdvuviec Sd vu vigc
eac chi so danh gia ve truong
Nguon: Nhdm tac gia tong hqp.
4. KET LUAN
Vtee xiy dQng he thdng OGDTC nham d i n h gia trung t i m logistics can dugc xay dung tren tdng hoa eac ehi tteu ve kinh te, moi trQdng, x i hoi v i ehinh trj nham hudng den viee x i y dung trung t i m logistics ddng gdp vao sU phat trien ben vQng cua mgt qude gia la van de cap thiet.
Ldi cam dn: Cdng trinh nay l i mdt phan eua dU i n
"Nghien eUu xiy dQng mo hinh trung t i m logistics ket ndi vdl mang iQdi v a n t i i d a phuong t h U c - i p dung cho vung Bong Nam bg (khu vUeTP. Hd Cht Mtnh v i eic tinh lin can)" dUoc cap kinh phi bdt Bd GTVT.
Tai lieu tham khSo
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http://www.un.org.vn/vi/publications/doc_details/543- the-national-oction-plan-for-the-implementation-of-the- 2030-sustainable-development-agenda.htmL
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Ngay nhan b^i: 20/01/2020 Ngay chS'p nhan dang: 16/02/2020 NgUdi ph^n bien: PGS.TS.Tran Quang Phii
PGS. TS. Trjnh Thi Thu HUctng
