LFng dung BIM trong quan ly xay dipng cong trinh cau tai thanh pho Ho Chi Minh
"Building Information Modeling (BIM) Application for Construction Managementof a Bridge Project in Ho Chi Minh City"
Ngay nhan bai: 23/11/2014 TOr Kim H a i , Ngay sCra bai: 5/12/2014 p h a m Hong Luan Ngay chap nhan dang: 8/02/2015
TOM T A T :
Qua trinh thi cflng cau thitflng dien ra trong khflng gian rpng, thfli gian dai, cong nghe thi cflng phiic tap vi bao gom nhieu hang myc. Qua trinh xay dyng phai chiu anh hitflng ciia nhilu ylu tfl, g^y ra anh hilcfng nhieu din hoat dong giao thflng v|ji tai ciing nhu dfli sdng cac hfl d&n lan can khu vi^c thi cong.
Trong thfli gian gan day, cong ngh? BIM dang difpc rat nhieu si( quan tam fl ca trong va ngoai mlflc, vfli nhflng lpi ich cua no doi vfli c4 vflng ddi dif i n xay dUng. Cflng nghe BIM mang lai ldi ich cho cac ben lien quan nhit thiet ke, thi cflng, q u i n ly dfl an, chii dau tfl, quan ly nha nfldc...
Vile ling dung BIM trong cic linh vflc xay dflng d i n dung, ha tang dang trfl thinh xu huflng nflng bflng trln the gifli va trong nflflc.
Trong linh vflc xay dflng dan dung thi BIM da chflng minh ro r i n g cac hieu qui, lpi ich cua nfl. Trong ITnh vflc ha t i n g thi vile flng d i ^ g BIM cfln tfltfng doi it hOn.
Bii bao nay nhSm trinh b i y nghiln cifu flng dung BIM trong mpt cong trinh xay dflng cau, cung vdi cac lpi ich va thach thflc do vile i p dung BIM mang lai. Mfl hinh BIM duoc xay dflng la mo hinh BIM 3D, 4D, 5D (bao gom mo hinh 3D, tien do, chi phi), cac san phJfm tfl mo hinh n i y l i cic b i n vl, mfl phong qua trinh thi cong n h i m hfl tro cflng tac quan ly xiy dflng. Ngoai ra, mpt cuoc khao sat ciing dflpc thflc hi?n nham xac dinh cac n h i n tfl cin trd ap dung BIM trong xiy dflng ha tang tai Thinh pho Ho Chi Minh.
Tfl khfla: Mfl hinh thflng tin xay dflng, BIM, cau, yeu to can trfl BIM trong hei tang ABSTRACT
Bridge construction is usually taken place in wide space, long time, complex technology and many discipline. Construction progress is aflected by many factors and influences to transportation and people's living near by.
In recent years, BIM technology is cared in Vietnam and over the world because of its benefits for project cycle. BIM benefits to stake-holders, such as designer, contractor, project management, client.
The adoption of BIM in Building and Infrastructure is the hot trend in Vietnam and in over the world. BIM has proved its effectiveness and benefits in Building industry, but in Infrastructure industry, the adoption of BIM is relative new.
This paper presents the application of BIM in Bridge Construction with its benefits and challenges. This BIM model is 3D, 4D, 5D (include 3D model, schedule, cost), the BIM products are drawings, simulation of construction in order to support for construction management. In addition, a survey is conducted to identify barriers to BIM implementation in infrastructure domain in Ho Chi Minh city.
Keyword: Building Information Modeling, BIM, bridge, barriers to BIM Implementation in infrastructure PGS. TS Pham Hdng Luin,
Bp mon Thi cflng v i Q u i n ly Xiy Dflng, Khoa Ky Thuit Xiy DUng, trflflng Dai hoc Bach Khoa Tp. Ho Chi Minh, Email: [email protected]
DT: 0903.93.18.23 KS.TiKKimHai,
Hpe vien cao hpe nginh Cflng Nghe Vi Quan Ly Xay Dflng Khoa 2012 Email: [email protected]
DT: 0913.60.22.10
6.20i5snniK[ig« 3 5
I . G i d i thieu
1.1 Van d€, muc tieu nghidn cilu Theo b^o cdo "The Business Value of BIM for Construcion in Major Global Market' ciia McGraw Hill Constmctlon nam 2014, viec sil dung BIM tren to5n cau dang tang mflt each manh me, cac chii d i u t u Nhd nudc cung n h u t u nhan dang m u o n dua v i f c ap dung BIM vao trong quy dinh, nhSm dat dUoc cac loi fch tif vi^c chuyen giao d u d n nhanh v i c h i c c h i n hon vdl chi phi va chat luong tin c i y hem.
BIM duoc chinh p h i l My, Anh va nhieu nuoc khde chi thi ap dung, dua ra cac muc tieu cu the v i thuc day c i c cong ty thiet ke, thi cong dp dung d l dat duoc muc t i l u ve mflc do Ung dung BIM.
Trong llnh vyc Xay dUng ha tang, theo bdo cdo'TheBusinessVaiueofBIM for Infrastructure' nam 2014 viec flng dung BIM van di sau llnh vUc X i y dung dcin dung.Theo n h u k h i o sat ciia McGrawHill, 2012 thi 46% cdc cong ty duoc hfli thi dang i p dung BIM trong cdc dU dn ha tang.
S6 lugng cong ty sfl dung trong v6ng 2 nam t r d lai ddy la 27%, cd nghia Id viec dp dung BIM trong d i / dn ha t i n g dang dien ra nhanh chdng.
Tai Vi^t Nam, xu hUdng nay cung khong n i m ngodi xu hudng the gidi. IHien tai da cd mflt s6 cflng trinh dp dung BIM va mot s6 cong
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Hlnh 1: Quy trinh m« hinh BIM 3D
Ifinh 2: Ouy trinh mo hinh BIM 4D, BIM 5D t y cung dang quan tam vd trien khai flng dung BIM.
Bp Xay Dung cung da t6 chflc mot s6 hoi thdo v l viec Ung dung BIM n h u h^i t h i o "tfng dung thdng tin trong thiet ke, xay dung vd van hanh cflng trinh" vao ngay 28/02/2014 hay hpi thdo 'Hdi t h i o Kinh nghiem dp dung mo hinh thong tin cdng trinh (BIM) trong cong tac thiet ke, xay dUng vd qudn ly van hdnh phuc vu qudn ly Nha Nudc ve xdy dung" vdo ngdy 24/06 tai Ha Ndi, vd hien dang cd xu hudng b i t budc dp dung 8IM ddi vdi mdt so dang cdng trinh.
Trong ITnh vUc ha tang, vu'a qua Sd GTVT Tp HCM da cd van b i n s6 4405/SGTVT-XD v l viec "Khuyen khich flng dung md hinh BIM vdo quan ly dau tU xdy dUng, khai thdc, van hanh cdng trinh giao thdng cong chinh tren dia bdn Tp. HCM", yeu cau d i y manh dao tao vd dp dung BIM vao mot dUdn thi di^m.
Tiudc tinh hinh xu hUdng flng dung BIM tren I h l gidi va trong nudc, can cd cdc nghien cflu v l BIM trong ITnh vUc xdy dUng ha tang va d u dn thi diem ve viec Ung dung BIM trong tTnh vuc xay dung ha tang d l cd mot cdi nhin ro rdng hdn ve cdng nghe BIM vd t i l n tdi v i l e dp dung BIM rdng rai.
Bai bdo nay nhSm trtnh bay quy trinh xay dung mo hinh BIM 3D, BIM 4D, BIM 5D cua mflt cflng trinh cau tai Thanh pho Hd Chi Mmh, cdc
cdng cu dupc sfl d u n g va cac s i n pham t f l md hinh. Vd m o t cuoc khao sat dupc thuc hi§n nham x i e ^ n h cdc y l u t d cdn t r d dp dung BIM trong xay d f l n g ha tang, vd de xuat mdt sd bien phdp han che n h u n g can t r d nay.
1.2 Tong quan ly thuyet Lien hiep quoc te BUILDING SMART da dmh nghia BIM (Building Infomiation Modeling) Id mdt bp thdng tin duoc cau tnic theo k i l u dUli^u chia s i . BIM la mot m d hinh s6 ciia cdng trinh mJ cac thdng tin d f l d n dUOc lUU trCr trong do. Nd c6 the Id 3D, 4D (tich hop thdi gian) hoae SD (tieti hpp thdi gian - chi phi) - hoSc l i n d i n nD. BIIM c6 tiem nang Id kho chUa thdng tin dU dn. BIM giup tang sU chinh xdc trong qud trinh chuyen giao d u dn, giup tang hieu qud trong tflng giai do^n cCia vdng ddi dUdn BIM giup ket ndi cdc b i n liln quan va chia s l thdng tin vdi nhau
BIM cd the duoc sfl dung t f l giai doan dau cfla d l / in. trong giai doan lap ke hoach va kilm tra s u p h u hpp cUa d u d n . BIM duoc sfldung r^ng rai trong giai doan t h i l t ke; cae nha thiet ke kien true, ket cau, ky thuat dich vu cdng trinh se ddng gop cdc m d hinh cua ho vdo BIM. Cac chuong trinh phat hien xung dot se duac sU dung 6S phat hien bat ky xung ddt nao, BIM con cho phep tao nen md phdng 3D, lam cho cdng trinh t r d nen sdng ddng, de hinh dung hdn, giup cho ddi d u dn giai thich cho chii d i u t u mdt each cK dang hon BIM edn cho p h i p hang loat cde chiJc nang vd kiem tra dUoc thUc hien.Md hinh coth^
them vao chieu thcri gian de ho tro kiem tra v l tien do va qudn 1^ thi cdng Md htnh BIM con dupc chuyen giao cho bSn van hdnh, bdo dUdng cdng trinh. (BuildingSMART, 2010)
2. PhUtfng phap thifc hien Qud trinh thUc hien xay dpng md hinh BIM sfl dung cdc quy trinh eu the cho tflng kieu md hinh va cdng cu m d hinh thdng thudng duac si) dung la Autodesk Revit, Autodesk Navisworks Manage, Microsoft Project.
Cdng trinh cau dupe i p dung BIM la mdt cdng trinh cau vUcft 7 nhip bang dam be tdng cdt t h i p d u Ung lUc Super T theo sO do: 39.5Sm + 5x40m + 39.55m, mdng t r u va mo tren nen coc khoan nhdi dudng kinh D=1.5m d i i t f l 58m - 6 7 m .
Oau tien md hinh BIM 3D dUpc xay dyng theo quy trinh nhUsau:
Sau khi xay dUng md hinh BIM 3D, me hinh BIM 4D, 5 0 dUoc xdy dUng. Cdng eg flU^c sfl dung de md phdng thi cdng Id Autodesk Navisworics Manage, tien do thi cdng duoc xSy dung b i n g chuong trinh MS Project, chi phi duoc dua vao file MS Project.
Quy trinh xay dung md hinh BIM 4D, BIM SD:
Quy trinh thuc hien k h i o sat c i c y l u t d cit\
t r f l viec flng dung B.I.M vdo cdc dU dn xdy d i , ^ B ha tang tai TP. Ho Chi Minh:
3. Ket q u i flng dung BIM trong mot cdng trinh cSu
Tfl m d hinh BIM 30, cdc b i n ve cdng trinh
36eWi11^iKIV 6.2015
Mvc tiiu ngfaite diu
Bang 1: Khoi lucmg, chi p h i t h d i diem hoan thanh 50%
X i c # l k e i c i i l i t a l i nam kUo iWi. Uo vi y k i h
T U J I k i U a g d u U i a i b ^
Khio sAt ihfl nghidm
Thdi diem:
Trang thdi cdng tdc
Chi phi
02-10-2014 Thi cdng tuflng chan, san gidm tdi Thi cdng mo M l , M2 Thi edng tru T1,T6 Thi cdng ket c i u b i n t r l n
32%
88%
59%
6%
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cintrA Tli tnmg binh {meaa)
Kit lu$n, k i ^ nghj
H'inh 3: Quy trinh thifc hien khSo sat duoc x u i t ra CLing vdi cdc khdi lUong chi tiet cac c i u kien.
Tfl chi phi theo tflng thcri diem, bieu do ddng tien chi t r i thau phu duoc xdy diftig, nham muc dich giup nha thau chinh dieu chinh thdi ^ e m gldi ngan cho t h i u phu sao cho phCi hop vcfi ngudn tdi n g u y i n
Mdt doan video md phdng qud trinh thi cdng cung duoc xuat ra t f l md hinh BIM, n h i m muc dich true quan hda q u i trinh x i y dung. Link tham k h i o :
h t t p : / / y o u t u . b e / MoWPU6JDx1E
4 . Ket q u i cuoc khao s i t Cudc khao sat cdc nhan t d cdn t r d dp dung BIM trong xdy dUng ha t i n g
li^u <]& dong tAn ehl phi tldi IDy
La~lillni II I H'inh 4. BaRi chung du
Sdn p h i m t f l md hlnh BIM SD la md phdng qud trtnh thi cdng, ciing v<M cdc thdng tin v l t i l n do, chi phi.
Trang thdi cila cdng trtnh tai tflng thdi diem b i t ky cung cd t h i duoc xem xet b i n g c i c h Jchpn ngdy can xem, thi trang thdi duoc the hie
t r l n m i n hinh bao gdm hinh anh va cdc thdlig);./
tin tien do, chi phi
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Bieu 1: Bieu do ddng tien tich luy lay t i l Md phdng
tai Thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh dUOc thUc hien t f l thdng 4 den thang 5 nam 2015.
Sau cudc khdo sat t h f l nghiem, co 15 nhdn t o cdn t r d duoc xdc dinh de xay dung bdng cau
hdi chfnh thflc. B i n g k h i o sdt chinh thflc phdt ra theo phuong p h i p t h u i n tien va snowball, cd 140 bang dUOc phdt ra, t h u v l dUoc 89 b i n g , trong d d cd 68 bdng hop I I vd 21 bdng khdng hop 1^.
Qua phdn tich thdng k l m d t i thi cd 95.59%
s6 ngUdi duoc hdi cho rang n^n i p dung BIM trong llnh vUc ha t i n g .
B i n g phuong phap tri trung binh mean, cac nhdn to cdn t r d duoc xep hang n h u sau:
Qua bdng xep hang cac nhan t d , cd 4 nhan t d cdn t r d xep hang cao n h i t la "Thieu tieu chuan, quy t i c cho viec phdi hdp c i c b&n lien quan Chii dau t u , Tu van, Nha t h i u . . . " " T h i l u quy djnh p h i p l u i t ve viec dp dung BIM", "Chi phi phan mem vd n i n g cap p h i n cflng c a o '
"Thieu quy trinh, ti^u c h u i n ve BIM".
5. Ket luan 5.1 Bdn l u a n ve k e t q u i
Md hinh BIM cua cdng trtnh cSu ndy ed nhUng thanh qud Id da cho dUOc cdc s i n p h i m BIM 3D, 4D va SD, bao gdm cac bdn ve, md hinh, md phdng t i l n d d thi cdng va cac chi phf k i m theo.
Md hinh true quan BIM 5D v l cdng trtnh da giup cho nhd qudn If thi cdng cd cdi nhin rd rdng hon ve cdng trinh, cdc hang muc cdng trinh, cdi nhin tdng quan ve qud trinh thi cdng, t i l n do thi cdng, cdc b i f n p h i p thi cdng cung n h u d d n g tien cua d u d n .
Tfl 4 nhan t d cdn t r d Idn n h i t la ia "Ttileu t i l u chuan, quy t i c cho v i l e phdi h c ^ c i c b i n l i l n quan ChO d i u t u , Tu van, Nhd thau..."
" T h i l u quy dinh phdp luat v l viec dp dung BIM",
"Chi p h i phan mem va nang cap p h i n cflng cao", " T h i l u quy trinh, t i ^ u chuan v l BIM", m d t sd b i l n phdp de x u i t de han che nhflng c i n t r d nay la: xay dUng nhflng quy t i c quy chuan phdi hop c i c ben lien quan; eo quan q u i n ly Nhd nUflc nen ban hanh nhflng tieu chuan ve BIM, khi tinh chi p h i d u dn c i n d u trii chi phi p h i n m i m , p h i n cflng d l dp dung BIM, cac cdng ty can dau tU xay dUng quy trinh BIM chuan
5.2 Han c h ^ va h\i&ng p h a t t r i e n cOa n g h i l n cflu
Md hinh BIM n i y edn n h i l u han che nhU chUa duac d i n h gid mUc d d trudng thanh theo tieu chuan cUa NIBS, chUa t h i ddnh gid md hinh BIM nay da dat Minimum BIM, chUa cap nhat t i l n do thi cdng thUc te vdo md hinh de cd sU so
6.2015B«E1IKIIOVI|37
Bing 2: Bing xlp hang cic nhin to Nhdn to
-Thilu tilu chuin, quy tic cho vi& phoi hop cic bin liln quan Chu diu tu, Tu vin, Nha thiu. ..
- Thilu quy djnh phdp luat v l viec dp dung BIM - Chi phi phin mim vd ndng cap phin cflng cao - Thilu quy trinh, tilu chuan ve BIM
-Thilu sulanh dao, djnh hudng ciJa Qudn ly Nhd nudc -Thilu nhin sUduoc dao tao, huan luyln ve BIM - Khd thay d6i quy trinh vd vdn hda lim vile -Thilu ylu cau, khuyen khich dp dung BIM - Thfli gian ddo tgo dii, chi phi ddo tao cao
- Khd khin trong vile phdi hop, dong bd md hlnh BIM giQa cdc bin liln quan nhuchili dlu tU, thilt kl, thi cdng...
- Chi phf tdng tbim do vile dp dung BIM
- Sfl dung, phdi hdp cdc phan mem diing cho cdng trinh ha ting khd khdn, phflc tap
- Cdng trinh don II, khd ducK tilu ehuan hda, it sfl dung lai dupc - Cdng trtnh chay dii v i rdng, nhieu hang muc phdj hop vdi nhau, thay d6i theo dilu kiln ti/ nhien
- Khdng rd ring v l quyln sfl hOu dfllilu v i trich nhiem d6i vfli dfl Iilu
- 0$ tin c$y vd bdo mit ci^a vile trao d6i dfl Iilu Valid N (listwise)
N 68
68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
68 68
63 68
68
68 68
Mean 4.13
4.05 4.02 4.00 3.94 3.86 3.86 3.80 3.54 3,48
3.45 3.19
3.08 2.95
2.88
2.75 Hang
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12
13 14
15
16
sdnh true quan giUa thUc te vd ke hoach.
Tfl nhflng han c h i cOa n g h i l n cflu, c i n cd nhflng phat trien hOn nfla ve v i l e dp dung BIM n h u dp d u n g viec phdn tich chi phi, thifc h i l n m d phdng b i l n p h i p t h i cdng chi t i l t thflc h i p i d i n h g i i mflc d o trUflng thanh ndng Iyc, t h i ^ hien v i l e chuyen giao d u d n tfch h9p IPO, hay i f f dung m d hlnh BIM trong todn bd vdng dfli di^
an. Ngodi ra, c i n cd nhflng nghien cflu i p dung BIM trong cdng trinh ha tang k h i c n h u d u f l n g 6 td, cap thoat nUdc, d u f l n g s i t d d t h j , quy hoach dd t h i . . . n h i m xem xet cdc lpi (ch cila BIM, dp dung BIM trong nhieu linh vUc.
TAI LlEU THAM KHAO
[1] McGraw-Hill Constniction, 2014, The Business Value of B\M for Construdon in Major Global Market How Contractors Around tiie World Are Driving Innovation With Building Infaimalion Modeling, McGraw-Hill Construction, pp.4 '.
[2] McGraw-Hill Constniction, 2012, The Business b l u e of BIM for Infrastmcture- Addressing Amenta^ Infrastrvcture Chalenges w i t h Collaborsiian and Technolody, McGiaw-Hill Constmctlon, pp. 4
[31 BuildingSMARI, 2010. Constructing the business case:
Building infomiation modelling. London: British Slandanb l n s i i t U l i o n . p p 2 . 7
