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PHAN T I C H BAI TOAN V O Dl/OfNG DVI CUA H E T H I N G H I E M ATLAS BANG CHlTOfNG T R I N H R E L A P 5
LE DAI DIEN, NGUYEN THI TU OANH, VO THI HUONG, LE VAN TRINH Trung tdm An toan hgt nhdn, Vien Khoa hoc vd Ky thuat hgt nhdn
179 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cdu Gidy, Hd Noi.
tuoanh2785@yah oo. com
Abstract: The ATLAS (Advanced Thermal-hy(jraulic Test Loop for Accident Simulation) is the integral effect test for simulating APR1400. Most of the safety injection features of tlie APR1400 are incorporated into the safety injection system of the ATLAS. It is a half-height and 1/288-volume scaled test facility with respect to the APR1400 included a primary system, a secondary system, a safety injection system, a break simulating system, a containment simulating system, and auxiliary systems. The DVI line break test of the APR1400 was done on ATLAS with the same pressure and temperature conditions and was chosen as the first domestic standard problem of Korean Nuclear Industry. Calculation was carried out with the RELAP5 code. Firstly, calculation was carried out for the steady state to gain boundary and hiitial conditions as measured data. After that, transient calculation was carried out with initiation of DVI break. The calculation using RELAP5 has been done at Nuclear Safety Center - Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology (INST). The main results of our calculation were in good agreement with KAERI, KINS, KNF results and experimental data,
Tir khoa: FWLB, APR1400, MARS I. M d DAU
APR1400 la the he 16 chuan tien tien ke tiep the he 16 chuan hien tai cua Han Quoc (OPRIOOO) vai cong suat Ion hem va cac thiet ke an toan cai tien. Nhung chinh sua va cai tien trong thiet ke nay nham dap ung muc tieu nang cao do an toan va tinh kinh te. Nhung dac trung an toan moi quan trong duoc dua vao trong thiet ke cua 16 APR1400 gom he thong tiem nuac an toan vol ducmg dua nuoc true tiep vao thung 16, su dung cac van xa an toan c6 dieu khien, be chua nuoc thay dao nhien lieu ben trong nha 16. De kiem chung nhihig dac trung thiet ke moi nay, he thi nghiem tich hap ATLAS da duoc xay dung tai KAERI.
Bai toan chuan quoc gia Han Quoc (Domestic Standard Problem-1) da duoc cac vien nghien ciru an toan (KINS) va vien KAERI chu tri. Hau bet cac co quan trong nganh cong nghiep hat nhan Han Quoc da tham gia thuc hien bai toan nay trong v6ng mot nam (2009).
Nham timg buoc nang cao nang luc phan tich an toan hat nhan vai viec su dung cac phan mem tinh toan ciing nhu trong khuon kho hap tac nghien cuu giira KAERI va VAEI, Trung tam An toan hat nhan - Vien KH&KTHN da duac KAERI cung cap cac dir lieu can thiet d6 thuc hien bai toan nay. Bao cao nay trinh bay cac thanh phan co ban ciia he thuc nghiem ATLAS va mot s6 tinh toan bang chuong trinh RELAP5 so sanh voi cac ket qua tinh toan cua mot s6 vien va co quan cua Han Qu6c (KAERI, KINS, KNF) cGng nhu vai cac ket qua thuc nghiem.
II. HE THI NGHIEM ATLAS
Cac thuc nghiem tien hanh tren he ATLAS dugc sir dung de cung cap diJ lieu kiem tra cho he thdng lam mat 16 phan ung gom 2 chan nong va 4 chan lanh voi mot he thong lam mat khan cAp DVI. So do tong quat cua he thi nghiem dugc th^ hien a hinh 1. ATLAS dugc thi6t k€ theo quy tac ty le nghiem ngat dam bao cac dieu kien cho su trao doi nhiet nhu trong 16 APR1400. He thi nghiem ATLAS co nhung dac dilm sau:
+ Mo phong V2 chilu cao, 1/288 the tich, 100% ap suit 16 APR1400;
+ c d u hinh tuong t u nhu APR1400 bao g6m: 2 chan nong, 4 chan lanh, cac ong lam mat 16 phan ung, he thSng lam mat 16 phan ung khSn cSp DVI, ...;
74 Hoi nghi Khoa hgc vd Cong nghe hgt nhdn toan qudc idn thu IX, Ninh Thudn 18-19/8/2011 + Tich hgp cac dac trung thiet ke cu the cua nha may dien 1000 MWe loai OPRIOOO nhu dua nuoc vao chan lanh va dua, cac bom tiem nuoc ap suat thap;
+ Cong suat toi da 10% cong suat viing boat 16 APR1400;
+ Kha nang mo phong cac kich ban su co bao gom LOCA v5 Ion (LBLOCA), LOCA vo nho (SBLOCA), va cac ducmg DVI, nut vcr cac ong cua binh sinh hoi (SGTR), vo duong hoi chinh MSLB, ...
He thiiy nhiet ciia ATLAS bao gom 1 he thong so cap, 1 he thong thir cap, 1 he tiem nuoc an t6an, 1 he mo phong nut vo, 1 he mo phong nha 16 va cac he thong phu trg. He thong so cap bao gom 1 thimg 16 phan img, 2 chan nong, 4 chan lanh, 1 binh dieu ap, 4 bom tai nhiet va 2 binh sinh hoi. Hau het cac dac trung tiem an toan ciia APR1400 va OPRIOOO dugc ket hgp vao he thong tiem an toan ciia ATLAS. No bao gom 4 be tiem an toan (SITs), 1 bom tiem an toan ap suat cao, 1 bom cho thiet bi phun tai phu trg.
He thu cap cua ATLAS dugc don gian hoa thanh mgt loai v6ng tuan hoan. Hoi tao ra a hai binh sinh hai dugc ngung tu tai mot be ngung true tiep va nuac sau khi ngung tu lai dugc dua vao cac binh sinh hcri. Ngoai ra, ATLAS co mgt so he thong phu trg nhu: 1 he thong lam mat cac thanh phan, 1 he thong cung cap nito/khong khi/hoi, 1 he chan khong va 1 he thong theo doi nguon nhiet.
ATLAS sir dung nuoc lam chat lam mat va co ciing ap suit, nhiet do nhu trong diSu kien van hanh thuc 16 APR1400. Dieu nay tao ra su tuong dong v8 tinh chat ciia chit long giua APR1400 va ATLAS. De mo phong cac kich ban co ap suat cao, he thong dugc thiet k§
de CO the chiu dugc ap suat len den 20 MPa.
He thi nghiem ATLAS mo phong loai bo thanh nhien lieu 16 x 16, va sir diing gia da nguyen mSu dang luoi (PLUS-7). Duong kinh ngoai cita thanh d6t nong la 9,5mm, gi6ng nhu duong kinh thanh nhien Heu cua 16 APR1400. Viing boat cua 16 phan ung trong mo hinh thuc nghiem ATLAS co tong cong 390 bg dot dien de mo phong cac thanh nhien lieu.
AUV: Auto, depress, val>e "
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R^^7: ReAielIng naler tank SCHX: Sbiitdown coaling HX SCP: ShutiloHD t w l i n i pump SDV; Sattly d c p m s . faJvt SIP: Sarrti'injeciJDn pump SIT: Sg[(t}uijei;tiiin tank SC: S l t i n leucrator SRP: Spray pump SV:Separalin;».ml
S S W H S
Hinh 1: Sa dd he thi nghiem ATLAS
Hdi nghi Khoa hoc vd Cdng nshe hat nhdn todn qudc idn thuIX, Ninh Thudn 18-19/8/2011 75
in. BAI TOAN VO D U 6 N G DVI
Bai toan vo 100% duong DVI dugc tien hanh tren he thuc nghiem ATLAS voi he thSng mo phong su va g6m 1 van mo ph6ng nirt vo (van OV-BS-03), 1 v6i vo hay v6i xa, 1 hop giu' voi vQf va mgt vai cac thi€t bj khac (nhu bg chuyen doi ap suat (pressure transducer - PC), cap nhiet dien (Thermocouple - TC)). Trong su kien vo duong DVI, hoi tao ra trong vimg boat dugc dua toi downcomer ciia thimg 16 chiu ap qua cac chan lanh, cac binh sinh hoi va cac chan nong. Sau do hai se di qua khoang phia tren downcomer ciia thimg 16 chiu ap va di ra qua cho vo cua duong DVI. Trong bai toan nay, chi c6 bom tiem nuoc an toan s6 2 boat dgng dua dong tiem nuoc an toan vao trong thung 16 qua duong DVI-2 d6i dien voi duong DVI bj vo. Duong kinh trong cua ong mo phong vo la 15,13 mm.
Bdng 1: Chudi su kien trong bai todn vd 100% duong DVI.
Cac su kien Ma van va
Tin hi$u ap suat thap a binh dieu ap Ngat bp dun dien ciia binh dieu ap D$p 16 va ngat bom tai nhiet Cach ly tuabin
Cach ly ducmg cap nuac chinh Khcri dong bom tiem nuac an toan Tin hieu ap suat thap a upper downcomer Bat dau dua nuac tir be tiem nuoc an toan Giam dong tu be tiem nuoc an toan
He thurc nghiem ATLAS (then gian, s) 0
Neu ap suat binh dieu ap < 10,72 MPa LPP+0,0
LPP+0,35 LPP+0,07 LPP+7,07 LPP+28,28
Neu ap suat a downcomer < 4,03 MPa LUDP+0,0
Neu muc nuoc ciia SIT < diem dat (Muc nu6c SIT < ~ 54%)
IV. MO PHONG BAI TOAN VO DLTCiNG DVI VA CAC KET QUA CHINH
So d6 node hoa he thi nghiem ATLAS b-ong RELAP5 dugc the hien a hinh 2. Truoc het, tinh toan dugc thuc hien a trang thai dimg de tao cac dieu kien bien va dieu kien ban dau tuong tu nhu 16 phan img APR 1400. Sau do, trang thai chuyen tiep dugc bat dau bang viec mo van mo nhanh cho vo duong DVI (Hmh 2). Bang 1 mo ta chuoi cac su kien cua bai toan.
Dong vo dugc dua toi he thong mo phong nha 16. Khi ap suat binh dieu ap giam den gia tri diem dat (10,72 MPa) phat sinh tin hieu ap suat binh dieu ap thap (LPP). Cac bg dot n6ng binh dieu ap va he thong so cap dugc ngat tai cimg th6i diem phat tin hieu LPP. Bom tai nhiet dugc ngit tir dgng 6 thoi, diem u l 0,35 giay sau tin hieu LPP. Duong hoi chinh va duong nuoc cap chinh dugc co lap voi thoi gian tre tuong ung la 0,1 giay va 7,1 giay sau tin hieu LPP. Bom tiem nuoc an toan bat dau hoat dgng de dua nuoc vao thimg 16 a 28,3 giay sau tin hieu LPP. Khi ap suat trong downcomer ctia thimg 16 giam xuong thap han gia tri diem dat la 4,03 MPa thi be tiem nuac an toan bat dau dua nuoc voi t6c do dong Ion vao thimg 16 bang each mo toan bg van dieu khien d6ng. Khi miic nuoc trong hk xu6ng thap den gia tri diem dat (- 54%) thi van dieu khiSn dong dugc dieu khign mof nho lai dk giam t6c do d6ng dua vao thiing 16, va khi muc nuoc giam den gia tri di6m dat rong thi van dugc dong lai hoan toan.
76 Hdi nghi Khoa hoc vd Cdng nghe hgt nhdn todn qudc Ian thir IX, Ninh Thudn 18-19/8/2011
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PTinh 2: Sa dd node hoa he thi nghiem A TLAS.
Bdng 2: So sdnh cdc dieu kien ban ddu cho bai todn vd dudng DVL
lie sff cap
Cong suat viing hoat (MW) Ap suat (MPa) Nhiet dp loi vao vung hoat (K)
Nhiet do loi ra viing hoat (K) Toe dp dong tai chan lanh (kg/s)
He thtr cap Ap suat (MPa) Nhiet do hai (K) Toe do dong nuac cap (Eco) (kg/s)0,34
Toe dp dong nU0C cap (DC) (kg/s)
Tliuc nghiem
1,647 15,49 563,2
598,9 2,2
7,85 569 0,455
0
KAERI (MARS) [4]
1,553 15,6 563,2
598,2 1,93
7,88 566,2
0,4
0
KINS (MARS) (4]
1,545 15,51 563,8
596,9 0
7,83 566,6 0,323
0
KNF (RELAP5) [41
1,555 15,47 564,7
599,2 1,96
7,83 566,7
0,4
0
VAEI (RELAP5)
1,566 15,51 563,8
596,9 2
7,82 566,5
0,044
Chuyen tiep dugc tinh toan trong 2000 giay vcri cac diiu kien ban dau nhu trong bang 2.
Ket qua tinh toan th6i gian ciia chuSi cac su kien va so sanh voi thuc nghiem dugc the hi?n 6 bang 3. Cong suat nhiet trong vimg hoat cua cac tinh toan nho hon so voi thuc nghiem do khong tinh d^n ph4n ton that nhiet trong he thdng thi nghiem, gia tri nay vao khoang 88 kW
Hgi nghi Khoa hoc vd Cdng nghe hgt nhdn todn qudc idn thir IX, Ninh Thudn 18-19/8/2011 11
[4]. Cac kSt qua tinh toai-. cac thong s6 cho bai toan dimg tuong tu nhu cac kit qua tinh toan bang MARS va RELAP5 do KAERI, KINS va KNF thuc hien.
Bdng 3: Tinh todn chudi cdc sir kien (time. s).
Break 1st MSSV open LPP Trip RCP Trip MSIV closure MFW Isolation Core decay Max PCT SIP activation SIT activation Loop seal CLla CLlb CL2a CL2b Stop
Exp.
0,0 (199)
16 20 20 20 27 24 91 47 232 88 88 109 109 2000
KAERI (MARS) [41
0 25 22,04 22,04 21,76 28,75 24 232 49,97 228,3 79 79 79 79 2000
KINS (MARS)
[41 0
18,35 18,35 25 20 280 50 230 1020 95 95 1250
KNF (RELAP5)
[41 0 9,02 21 21,35
28,7 20,02 350
50 240
211 211 231 1000
VAEI (RELAP5)
0 14 15,43 15,8 16 23 24 177 44 161,36
78 78 78 78 2000 Bang 3 cho thay cac ket qua tinh toan cua
Trung tam ATHN (VAEI) phu hgp kha tot so voi dir lieu do dac dugc. Chuyen tiep bat dau tai thoi diem 0 giay. Van an toan thii nhat cua duong hoi chinh ma a 14 giay. Tin hieu ap suat thap (LPP) o binh dieu ap phat ra 6 15,43 giay z khi ap suat binh dieu ap giam xuong 10,72 "^
MPa. Bom tai nhiet va van each ly ducmg hoi chinh dugc dong ngay sau tin hieu LPP voi mgt khoang thoi gian tre. Du6mg nuoc cap chinh dugc ngat sau do 7 giay. Nhiet do dinh ciia thanh nhien lieu la 630 K dat dugc o 175 giay (Hinh 3).
Hinh 3: Nhiet do dinh vd bgc nhien lieu.
Bom tiem nude an toan bat dSu boat dgng sau tin hieu LPP 28 giay. Be tiem nuoc an toan bat dau dua nuoc vao thimg 16 6 161,4 giay. Hien tugng Loop seal xuat hien a bon chan lanh cimg mgt th6i diem 78 giay.
78 Hdi nghi Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghe hgt nhdn todn qudc idn thu IX, Ninh Thudn 18-19/8/2011
Hinh 4: Muc nude viing hogt. Hinh 5: Muc nuac trong downcomer.
Muc nuoc vimg hoat giam nhanh ngay sau khi xay ra vo duong DVI cho den khi SIP bat dau boat dgng dua nuoc vao viing boat (Hinh 4). Muc nuoc o cac duong downcomer cung giam nhanh sau khi duong DVI bi \Q va dat cue tieu tai thoi di6m loop seal clearing (Hinh 5), sau do tang len do SIP bat dSu boat dgng. Tuong tu muc nuoc vung boat ciing giam cho toi thoi di6m xay ra hien tugng loop seal clearing. Do mure nuoc viing boat giam, nhiet do vo hoc thanh nhien lieu tang len va dat cue dai a 175 giay. Khi SIT bat dau hoat dgng dua nuoc vao vung boat, muc nuac tang va lam ngap vimg boat tro lai.
Ap suat ciia he so cap giam nhanh do vo duong DVI gay ra su chenh lech ap suat giiJa thiing 16 va nha 16. Sau do dat trang thai on djnh khi ap suat giiia thiing 16 va nlia 16 dat can bang. Trong khi do, ap suat he thir cap tang do lugng hoi tang. Den giay thu 15, khi van an toan thir nhat tren duong hoi chinh mo ra thi ap suat he thii cap giam va dat gia tri on dinh.
Hinh 6: Ap suat he so cap va thu cap.
Hinh 7: Too do dong va. Hinh 8: Tdc do bam cua SIP.
Toe do d6rig v6 va toe do bom cua bom tiem nuoc an toan dugc the hien 6f cac hinh 7 va hinh 8. Khi bat dau vo, toe do dong vo Ion do chenh lech ap suit giiia he so cap va nha 16, sau do giam nhanh va dao dgng nhe a trang thai can bang khi su chenh l?ch ap suit dat can bang. Bom tiem nuoc an toan bat diu boat dgng a 44 giay va tSng nhanh din khi dat gia tn 6n djnh.
Hdi nghi Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghe hgt nhdn todn qudc idn thu IX, Ninh Thugn 18-19/8/2011 79
V. KET LUAN
Bai toan vo ducmg DVI cua 16 p h ^ img APR1400 da dugc thuc hien tren he thi nghiem ALTAS vai cimg dieu kien ap suat va nhiet do. Khi vo duong DVI, ap suat he so cap giam nhanh truoc khi dap 16. Sau khi dap 16, muc nuoc trong vung boat giam va dat cue tieu tai thai diem xay ra hien tugng vong kin (loop seal clearing). Do vimg boat bi ha, nhiet do vo boc nhien lieu tang nhanh chong tham chi ca khi bom tiem nuoc an toan bat dSu boat dong dua nuac vao vimg boat. Sau do vimg boat se dugc lam ngap lai nho bom tiem nuac an toan va he thong cac be tiem nuoc an toan. Ket qua tinh toan bang phan mem RELAP5 kha phii hgp voi dii lieu do dac, ngoai trir thai diem xuat hien cue dai PCT.
Cac tac gia xin chan thanh cam on TS. Le Van Hong - Vien NLNT Viet Nam v8 nhihig dgng vien va xay dung quan he hgp tac VAEI-KAERI, chan thanh cam on TS. B.D. Chung, KAERI da cung cap cac dir lieu can thiet de cac can bg Trung tam ATHN co the thuc hien bai toan nay.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
[1] KAERI, "ATLAS Facility and Instrumentation Description Report", TR-3779/2009.
[2] Ki-Yong Choi*, Hyun-Sik Park, "Experimental Simulation of A Direct Vessel Injection Line Break of The APR 1400 with The ATLAS", January 2,2009.
[3] K. D. Kim, "ALTAS DSP-1 Lecture (100% DVI Line Break)", ALTAS DSP-1 Lecture for VAEI, KAERI, July 9, 2010.
[4] KAERI, "ATLAS Domestic Standard Problem (DSP) Specifications" July 2009.
[5] Le Dai Diln, "Preliminary Study on ATLAS DVI Break for Korean DSP-l", Private Communication- Report to KAERI. Jan 2011.
