TAP CHi LUAT HOC SO 3/2019 NGHIENCVV- TSAOBOI
PHAP LUAT v i TH! THlIC NHAP CANH VIET NAM CHO NGl/Ol Nl/6C NGOAI BAT CAP VA Hl/dNG HOAN THIEN'"
NGUYSN HONG BAC ' Tom tat: Bai viit phdn tich quy djnh cua phdp lugt Vi^t Nam vi cdp thi thuc nhdp canh Vi4t Nam cho ngucri nuctc ngodi: gid tri sic dung vd hinh thiic cua thi thvc, ki hiiu vd thai hgn thi thirc, diiu ki^n cdp thi thuc, mien thi thuc nhdp cdnh vd thi thirc di^n tu cho nguai nuac ngodi nhdp cdnh Viit Nam;
theo do ddnh gid mot so diem bdt cap vd di xudt hudng hodn thien phdp ludi Vi?t Nam trong Vinh vuc ndy.
Tit khod: Bat cap; huang hodn thi^n; nguai nude ngodi; phdp ludt; thi thirc nhgp cdnh Nhgn bdi: 01/02/2019 Hodn thdnh biin tgp: 07/5/2019 Duyit ddng: 15/5/2019 THE LAW ON VIETNAM ENTRY VISA FOR FOREIGNERS - INADEQUACIES AND DIRECTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT
Abstract: The paper analyses legal provisions of Vietnam on issuing Vietnam entry visas for foreigners: the use and formats of visa, symbols and duration of visa, conditions for visa issuance and visa exemption, and e-visa. On that basis, the paper evaluates some inadequacies of the law of Vietnam in this regard and suggests the directions for improvement
Keywords: Inadequacy; direction for improvement; foreigner; the law; entry visa
Received: Feb 1", 2019; Editing completed: May T*, 2019; Accepted for publication: May 15*, 2019
T
rong thod gian qua,, nhdt 14 k6 tii Ithi ' tang. Theo th6ng ke cua T6ng cue du lich, thuc hi$n chii truofng d6i moi toan dien lugng khach quoc ti den ViM Nam trong dit nude do Dang ta dS xuong va thuc hien thang 12/2018 dat 1_.374.235 luat, tang 5,6%ducmg l6i d6i ngoai dpc lap, tu chit, hoa so v6i thang 11/2018 va tang 7,7% so v6i binh, hilu nghi va hgp fac vol tit ca eac thang 12/2017. Tinh chung c4 nam 2018 dat nuac, s6 lugtng nguoi nuoc ngo4i d6n Vijt 15.497.791 lugt khach, tang 19,9% so vcri Nam voi muc dich khac nhau nhu lam viec, nam 2017.'^'
cu tni, du lich, tham quan, tim hiSu thi Hien nay, vi$c c4p thi thurc nhSp c4nh truong, hgp tdc dju tu, kinh doanh, hgc t$p, cho ngu6i nuoc ngoai vao Viet Nam dugc lao dgng, nghien ciiu khoa hoc,... ngay cang diSu chinh trong Lu jt nhiip c4nh, xuit canh, qua canh va cu tni ciia nguoi nuac ngoM tgi
• Giing viln chinh, Traimg Bji h9c Lujt HJ NJi Viet Nam nam 2014 (sau d4y ggi tit la Luat E-mail: [email protected]
(1). NghiSn ciiu n^y dugrc thirc hi?n trong khu6n kh6 d^ tSi khoa hpc c^p cor sd: "Ph^p luat di^u chinh ho^t
dpng xuat nhSp c4nh, cu tru, di l?i cua nguir. nuSc p j http://vietnamtiurism.gov.vnAidex.php/itemV28014 ngoM t9i Viit Nam - Thwc tr^ng vS giii phip", Tmdng . 26/01/2019
(Bjihgc Lujt HiNpi, 2018.
TAP CHI LUAT HQC SO 3/2019 NGMEN CtJU- TRAOBOl xuit, nhap canh)/^* Luat xuit, nhap canh
g6m 9 chucmg, 55 diSu quy dinh vS nguyen tic, dieu kien, trinh t^, thii tuc, quy6n va nghia vu cua nguoi nuac ngoai nhap canh, xuit canh, qua canh, cu tni tai Viet Nam;
quyen va trach nhiem cua ca quan quan li nha nuac Viet Nam, cua ca quan, t6 chiic, ca nhan trong hoat dgng nhap canh, xuit canh, qua canh, cu tni cua nguai nuac ngoai tai Vi6t Nam. Luat xuit, nhap canh danh mpt chuong rieng vai 13 Didu (ttr Dilu 7 d8n Dieu 19) quy dinh ve thi thuc nhg.p canh Viet Nam cho nguai nu6c ngoai. Ngoai ra, thi . thuc nhap canh cho nguai nuac ngoai con duoc quy djnh trong m6t s6 vSn ban phap luat khac.^"*' TrSn ca sdr do, viec cip thi thuc cho nguai nuac ngoai nhap canh Viet Nain CO mpt s6 n6i dung co ban sau:
(3). Luat da dugc Quoc hoi nu6c C$ng ho& x3 h6i chu nghia Viet Nam khoa XIII, ki hop thii 7 thdng qua ngdy 16/6/2014, c6 hieu lire tir ngay 01/01/2015 vk thay the Phdp l$nh nhap canh, xudt canh, qud cdnh, cir tni ciia nguM mi6c ngodi t?i Vi6t Nam nam 2000 (sau dSy gpi tat la Phdp l?nh xudt, nh^p canh).
(4). Nghi quyet cua Quoc hpi s6 30/2016/QH14 ngdy 22/11/2016 ve thuc hif n thi diim cap thi th\rc di?n tii . cho ngtrfri nu6c ngodi nh$p cdnh Viet Nam; Nghi dinh ' ciia Chinh phu so 07/2017/ND-CP ngdy 25/01/2017 quy dinh trinh t^r, thii tuc thuc hien thi diem cdp thi thyc difn tu cho ngu&i nu6c ngodi nh?p cdnh Viet Nam; Thong tu cua B^ c6ng an s6 31/2015/TT-BCA ngdy 06/7/2015 hu6ng din mot so ngi dung ve cap thi thuc, cdp the t£im tni, cap giay ph6p xuat nhiip canh, gidi quyet thu6ng tni cho ngiriji nuoc ngodi tai Vi?t Nam; Thong tu cua Bg ngoai giao s6 04^016/TT-BNG ngdy 30/6/2016 hudng ddn thil tyc cdp thj thuc, gia h ^ tam tni, d p thi tam tni cho ngudi nu6c ngodi tai Vi|t Nam thuoc t h ^ quyin ciia B6 ngoai giao; Nghi quy^t ciia Chinh phii so 124/NQ-CP ngay 29/11/2017 v^ b6 sung danh sdch cdc nir6c c6 c6ng ddn dupe thi dilm cdp thi thuc dien ti.
1. Gia tri su- d^ng va hinh thiJc cua thi thi^c
Theo quy dinh cua phap lu^t, nguai nu6c ngoai nhap canh Viet Nam v6 nguyen tac phai c6 thi thuc hpp le do co quan co tham quyin cip. Thi thuc la loai giiy ta do ca quan co thim quyin cua \^et Nam cap, cho phep nguai nuac ngoai nhap canh \^et Nam.*^* Theo Luat xuit, nhap canh, thi thuc CO gia tri mpt lin hoac nhilu lin va kh6ng dugc chuyin d6i m\ic dich. Thi thuc dug-c cip rieng cho tung nguai, trir tmong hpp tre em dudi 14 tu6i dugc cip chung hg chieu vai cha hoac me hoac nguoi giam hp. Thi thuc dugc cap vao h6 chilu hoac cip rai.'^*
Mgt so trudng hgp dugc cip thi thuc roi do la: hp chieu dS hit trang cip thi thuc; hp chieu ciia nuac chua co quan he ngoai giao vai Vi?t Nam; giiy ta co gia tri di lai qu6c tl va vi li do ngoai giao, qu6c phong, an ninh.
Nhu v^y, Luat xuit, nhap canh da kl thira va bo sung mgt ngi dung hoan toan mdi so vai Phap lenh xuit, nhap canh la: thi ttiuc khSng dugc chuyin d6i muc dich (khoan 1 Dieu 7). Truac day, Ph^p lenh xuit, nhap canh quy dinh, nguoi nuac ngoai sau khi nhap canh neu c6 nhu ciu se dugc xet cho chuyen doi muc dich nhap cdnh. Lai dung quy dinh nay, nhieu nguoi nuoc ngoai da vao Viet Nam v6i danh nghia tham quan, du lich, sau do xin chuyen doi de thirc hien cac muc dich khac, dac biet la xin chuyen doi a lai lao dpng trong cac cong trinh, dir an do nuoc
(5). Khoan 11 Difiii 3 Luat xudt, nhap cdnh.
(6). DiSu 7 Lu§t xuat, nhap cdnh.
TAP CHI LUAT HOC SO 3/2019 NGHIEN ciru- TRAO BOI ngoai dang thi cong tai Viet Nam, gay kho
khan cho cong tac quan li.*''
Ngoai ra, su th6ng thoang vl thu tuc, dieu kien cip thi thuc cho nguai nuac ngoM cua Phap lenh xuit, nh^p canh cung da bi mgt s6 doanh nghiep lgi dung de "lach", su dung tu each phap nhan chi de bao lanh cip thi thuc cho ngu6i nuac ngoai, con viec hg nh^p canh, hoat dgng, cu tni tai ViSt Nam thi doanh nghiep khong biet, khdng c6 trach nhiem, dan den tinh trang gia tang lao dgng pho thong nuac ngoai vao lam viec, hoat dgng trai muc dich nhap canh, mpt s6 vi pham phap luat. Thiic tl da co hang ngan lao dpng pho thong nuac ngoai vao lam viec tai cac cong trinh xay dung (nhit la cac du an do Trung Quoc tning thau nhu: nha may nhi^t di^n Quang Ninh, Hai Phong, Ca Mau;
xi mang Ninh Binh, Thanh Hoa, Tay Ninh, boxit-nhom LSm D^ng...) nhung khong phai do chu dau tu (hoac nha thau) bao lanh cap thi thuc. Cung tinh trang do, tai mgt s6 dia phuang CO dong nguai nu6c ngoai lam viec nhu Ha Npi, Hai Duang, Thanh ph6 H6 Chi Minh, Long An... da xuat hien nhutig "doanh nghiep ma", dugc thanh lap duai danh nghia cong ti trach nhiem huu han, c6ng ti co phin chi voi muc dich 1 ^ dich vu kilm lai tir xin thi thy:c dai han, the tam tni cho nguoi Han Quoc, Trung Quoc, Dai Loan, sau khi dugc cip thi thuc dai han, the t^m tni thi giM thi doanh nghiep.*^'
(7). Trung tam nghien cihi khoa hoc, Vien nghien ciiu Idp phdp, "Cu tru. dieu ki$n cit tru cua ngudi nude ngoai tgi Vi^t Nam - Thuc trgng vd kiin nghf, Dl tdi nghiSn ciiu khoa hoc cdp co sir, HdNpi, 2013, tr. 21.
(8). Thdnh Nam, "Xudt hi$n "doanh nghiep ma" "chay
Viec LuEtt xuit, nhap canh quy dinh thi thuc khong dugfc chuyin d6i muc dich nh3m dam bao cong tac quan li, tranh tinh trang nguoi nuac ngoai vao Viet Nam vai cac muc dich khac. Tuy nhien, thuc tl ap dung cho thay, quy dinh tren chua thuc su tao dilu kien cho nguoi nuac ngoai, vi mu6n chuyin d6i muc dich thi hp phai xuit canh dl co quan, t6 chiic bao lanh lam thu tuc xin cip moi thi thuc theo diing muc dich nhap canh, din din vira gay ton kem cho doanh nghiep vira mang tinh hinh thuc doi vai mgt so truong hgp.
Do vay, can sua doi, bo sung cac quy dinh ciia phap luat vl cip thi thurc theo huang cho phep tat ca cac loai thi thuc diu duoc chuyen doi muc dich neu thu6c mpt trong cac truang hgp: co giiy to chung minh miic dich nheip canh quy djnh tai khoan 4 Dieu 10 LuSt xuit, nhap canh; co giay to chiing minh quan he la vg, chong, con vai nguoi bao lanh.' ^ Giai phap nay tao dieu kien thuSn lgi cho tit ca ngucri nuoc ngoai nhap canh vao Viet Nam, vi hg se khong mat chi phi xuat, nhap canh ma co the 6 lai Viet Nam va lam thu tuc chuyen doi muc dich cua thi thuc theo quy dinh ciia phap luat. Ngoai ra, giai phap nay con tao dilu kien thuain lgi cho nguai nuoc ngoai tim hilu thi trudng Viet Nam, tao co hgi viec lam, diu tu cho ngudi nude ngoai tai Viet Nam, tir do thiic day phat trien kinh te.
thi thuc" cho ngudi nu6c «goa/",https;//infonet.vn/
xuat-hien-doanh-nghiep-ma-chay-thi-thuc-cho-nguoi- nuoc-ngoai-postl03530.info, truy cap 20/3/2019.
(9). Bp c6ng an, Bdo cdo danh gid tdc dong cua chinh sdch trong Ah nghi xdy dimg du an Ludt sila doi, bo sung mpt so dieu cua Luat nhap canh, xudt cdnh, qud cdnh, cu tni cua nguM niroc ngodi tai Vift Nam, tr. 35.
TAP CHi LUAT HOC SO 3/2019 NGHIEN cut/ - TRAq^Oj 2. Ve ki hieu va thdi han thi thwc
Luat xuat, nhap canh thay ddi hoan toan ki hieu thi thuc so vdi trudc d^y*'"' vdi 20 loai thi thuc khac nhau, thdi han thi thuc phu hap vdi muc dich nhap c a n h ' " ' nhim dam bao ngudi nude ngoai vao Viet Nam hoat dgng diing muc dich, tao thuan lgi cho ca quan nha nude trong cong tac quan li, ngan chan cac trudng hgp hoat dong trai muc dich xin nh^p canh. Dong thdi, Luat xui.t, nhap canh quy dinh thdi han thi thuc duprc tang len, phu hgp vdi muc dich hoat ddng ciia ngudi nude ngoai tai "V^et Nam va thdng nhat vdi cac van ban phap luat li§n quan. Trudc day, Phap lenh xuit, nhap canh quy dinh thi thuc Viet Nam co thdi han khdng qua 12 thang dan tdi khong thdng nhat vdi nhieu van ban. phap luat nhu quy dinh tai Dieu 44 Luat dau tu nam 2005 (thdi h?n ciia thi thuc tdi da la 5 nam cho moi lan cap), Dieu 173 Bp luat lao dgng nam 2012 (thdi han ciia giiy phep lao ddng tdi da la 02 nam).
Khic phyc nhftng diem han che nay, LuSt xuit, nhap canh quy dinh thdi han thi thuc c i p cho ngudi nude ngoai vao lao dgng co thdi han tdi da d i n 2 nam (khoan 5 Dieu 9), cap cho ngudi nude ngoai vao dau tu va luat su nude ngoai vao hanh nghe tai Viet Nam CO thdi han tdi da den 05 nam (khoan 6 Dilu 9). Viec nSng thdi han c i p thi thuc nay nhim tao uu dai ddi vdi cac nha d i u tu nude ngoai tai Viet Nam, dam bao tinh thdng nhit trong he thdng phap luat va phu hgp vdi cac chinh sach phat triln kinh t l cua Viet Nam. Tuy
nhiSn, Luat xuit, nhsip canh ^uy dinh ki hieu thi thuc "DT" ddi vdi luat su nude ngoai lam viec tai Viet Nam nhu nha d i u tu nude ngoai dan tdi khdng phan biet duoc ngudi nuac ngoai la nha diu tu vdi ngudi nude ngoai hanh nghi M t su tai Viet Nam, cung nhu gay khd khan cho cdng tac quan h' cua ca quan nha nude. Do vay, Luat xuit, nhap canh can quy dinh lai ki hipu thi thuc cip cho ngudi nude ngoai hanh nghe lu^t su tai Viet Nam de tranh trimg vdi nha dau tu.
Ngoai ra, LuSt xuit, nhap canh khdng nen quy dinh qua nhilu loai ki hieu thi thuc, m^ chi can quy dinh mdt sd loai chinh nhu:
thi thuc ngoai giao, thi thuc lao ddng va cac loai thi th\rc khac gidng rihu quy dinh trong luEit xuit nhap canh cua cac nude tren the gidi hien nay.' '
3. Dieu kien c i p thi thu-c
Theo Luat xuat, nhap canh, de dugc cap thi thuc, ngudi nude ngoai phai co du cac dieu kien sau:
Thu nhdt, cd hd chieu hoac giay td cd gia tri di lai qudc te
Ddi vdi ngudi cd qudc tich, de ra nude ngoai hp can phai cd hp chieu. Hp chi^u (hay cdn gpi la Passport), la "chiing minh thu" bat bupc cho phep mdt ngudi cd the xuit canh ra nude ngoai va dugc quyen nhap canh trd lai sau khi muc dich chuyen di ket thuc.
(10). Phdp lenh xudt, nhap cdnh quy dinh c6 10 kf hieu thi thirc.
(11). Dieu 8, Dieu 9 Ludt xudt, nhdp canh.
(12). Day cung Id quan diem cila nhiiu dai bieu Qu6c h6i nhu Ph6 Thii tu6ng Ph^im Binh Minh, dai bilu Quoc hoi dodn Quang Ninh, dai bilu Le Mmh Hiln OChdnh Hod), Pham Xuan Thuimg (Thdi Binh). Ngu6n:
HL, Bdo ddm chat che trong qudn li hoat dgng xudt nhgp cdnh, http://www.bienphong.com.vn^ao-dam- chat-che-trong-quan-Iy-hoat-dong-xuat-nhap-canh/, tmy cdp 26/4/2019.
T^P CHI LUAT HQC SO 3/2019 NGHIENCW- TRAOBOI Ddi vdi ngudi khdng qudc tich, de di lai
qudc te hg can phai giay td co gia tri di lai qudc te. Giay td co gia tri di lai qudc te la loEii giiy td do ca quan cd thim quyin cua mgt nude cip cho ngudi khdng qudc tich dang cu tni tai nude dd va dugc ca quan cd th§m quyen cua Viet Nam chap thuan.'''^-*
Tmh trang khdng qudc tjch (Statelessness) la he qua cua hang loat cac nguyen nhan bao gdm xung dpt phap luat, chuyin nhugng ISnh thd, hdn nhan gia dinh, thu tuc h^mh chinh, su phan biet ddi xir, thilu dang ki khai sinh, tudc qudc tich (khi m0t qudc gia huy bd qudc tich ciia mpt ca nhan) va tir bd qudc tich (khi mdt ca nhan tir choi sir bao hp ciia m^t qudc gia)... Hien nay, khdng thi xac dinh dugc con sd chinh xac ve sd lupng ngudi khdng qudc tich tren the gidi. Tuy nhien, theo udc tinh cua Lien hgp qudc cd it nhSt 10 trieu ngudi khdng qudc tich tren toan the gidi.'' ' Trudc thue te nhu cau nhap canh Vi?t Nam cua ngudi khdng qudc tich la kha Idn, Lu$t xuat, nhap canh bd sung quy dinh ngudi khdng qudc tich thudng tni d nude ngoai dugc su dung giay td co gia tri di lai quoc tl nhap canh Viet Nam vdi muc dich tham than, du lich va dugc cap thi thuc rdi.
Thu hai, cd ca quan, td chiic, ca nhdn tai Viet Nam mdi, bao lanh, trir trudng hgp ngudi diing dau ca quan cd tham quyen cap . thj thuc ciia Viet Nam d nude ngoai cip thi thuc ed gia tri khdng qua 30 ngay cho ngudi nude ngoai cd nhu cau nhap canh Viet Nam khao sat thi trudng, du lich, tham ngudi than,
chiia benh thudc cac trudng hgp sau day:
a) Ngudi cd quan he cdng tac vdi co quan co thim quyin cip thi thuc Vi?t Nam d nude ngoai va vg, chdng, con cua hg ho^c ngudi cd van ban de nghi cua co quan cd thim quyin Bd ngoai giao nude sd tai;
b) Ngudi ed cdng ham bao lanh cua ca quan dai dien ngoai giao, ca quan lanh su cac nude dat tai nude sd tsu (khoan 3 Dieu 17 Luat xuat, nh$p canh).''^^
Nhu vay, theo dieu kien n^y, ngudi nude ngoai mudn nhap canh Viet Nam phai cd co quan, td chiic, ca nhan tai Vidt Nam mdi, bao lanh. T^ Dieu 14 Ludt xuit, nheip canh quy dinh, CO quan, t6 chiic, ca nhan mdi, bao lanh ngudi nude ngoai,''^^ tuy nhien, quy dinh nay khdng ddng bd vdi quy dinh cua phap luat khac cd lien quan va khi ap dung quy dinh nay trdn thuc tl da gap vudng mic.
Cu the, tai Nghi dinh cua Chinh phu sd 11/20I6/ND-CP ngay 03/02/2016 quy dinh ehi tiet thi hanh mpt sd dieu cua Bp luat lao ddng vl lao ddng ngudi nude ngoai tai Vidt Nam quy dinh: "hp kinh doanh, ca nhdn dugc phep hoat ddng kinh doanh theo quy dinh cua phap ludt" va "nha thdu nude ngoai hoac trong nude tham du thau, thuc hien hgp ddng" dugc sii dung lao ddng nude ngoai;
trong khi do, Dieu 14 Luat xuit, nhap canh khdng quy dinh 02 ddi tugng nay dugc bao lanh ngudi nude ngoai nhap canh Viet Nam.
(13). Khodn 2 Dilu 3 Ludt xuit, nh|p cdnh.
(14). Bdo cdo cua Lien hpp quIc vl ngu6i khong qu6c tjch 9/2013.
(15). Tir 01/01/2015 den 31/12/2018, cdc ca quan chiic ndng ciia Bp c6ng an da x^t duySt nhdn sir nhdp canh cho 18.110 lupt ngufiri nude ngodi nhap cdnh Vi|t Nam bdng thj th\rc "SQ" do ca quan dai di^n Viet Nam a nude ngodi cdp theo quy djnh tai khoan 3 Dilu 17 cua Lugt.
(16). Dilu 14 Ludt xudt, nh§p cdnh.
TAP CHI LUAT HOC SO 3/2019 NGHIEN ciru - TRAO DOl De quy dinh cua Luat xuit", nhdp canh
ddng bp vdi quy dinh khac cd lien quan cua phap luat, tao dieu kien thuan Igi cho ngudi nude ngoai nhap canh Viet Nam ddng thdi gop phan thu hiit cac nha ddu tu nude ngoai vao Viet Nara, thiic diy phat triln kinh te-xa hdi cua Viet Nam. Luat xudt, nhdp cdnh can bd sung ddi tugng "hp kinh doanh ca the dugc phep hoat ddng kinh doanh theo quy dinh cCia phap luat" va "nha thau theo quy dinh ciia phap luat Viet Nam" dugc mdi, bao lanh ngudi nude ngoai va ki hieu thi thuc cip cho ngudi nude ngoai vao lam viec vdi ca quan, td chiic tren.
Nhdm cai each hanh chinh trong lmh vuc xuit, nhap canh, thuc hien yeu cdu cua Chinh phil ve tang cudng iing dung cdng nghe thdng tin trong cdng tac quan li nha nude, nhat la trong viSc giai quyet thu tuc hanh chinh, ngay 15/6/2017, ca quan quan li xuat nhap canh da trien khai thi diem viec mdi, bao lanh ngudi nude ngoai nhap canh qua he thdng giao dich dien tii tai Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh. Trdn ca sd thi diem dd, tir ngay 01/7/2017, Cue quan li xuit nhdp canh, Bd cdng an chinh thiic triln khai viec tiep nhan, giai quylt hd so va tra ldi ket qua cho co quan, t6 ehiic, doanh nghiep trong nude mdi, bao iSnh ngudi nude ngoai nhdp canh ^^et Nam qua he thdng giao dieh dien tir tai Ha Npi.
Cimg vdi viec thuc hien thi diem cip thi thuc dien tu, viec triln khai tiep nhan va tra ldi kit qua hd so mdi, bao lanh ngudi nude ngoai nhap canh qua he thdng giao dich dien tir da t^o da tao dilu kien thi4n loi hon nua cho ngudi nude ngoai nhdp canh Viet Nam va gdp phin gidm chi phi, tilt kiem thdi gian
eiia ca quan, td chiic, doanh nghiep.
Thu ba, khdng thudc cac trudng hgp chua cho nhap canh.''^*
Nhim khic phuc nhiing bit cap ciia Phap lenh xuat, nhap canh, Luat xuit, nhap canh quy dinh trong mdt sd trudng hgp ngudi nude ngoai dl nghi cip thi thuc phai cd giay td chiing minh muc dich nh|ip canh, gdm:
+ Ngudi nude ngoai vao dau tu phdi cd gidy td chiing minh viec diu tu tai Viet Nam theo quy dinh ciia Ludt ddu tu;
+ Ngudi nude ngoai hanh nghi luat su tai Vidt Nam phai cd giiy phep hanh nghe theo quy dinh cua Ludt ludt su;
+ Ngudi nude ngoai vdo lao dpng phai cd giay phep lao ddng theo quy dinh cua Bd lu^t lao ddng;
+ Ngudi nude ngoai vao hgc tap phai cd van ban tiep nhdn cua nha trudng hoac ca sd giao due cua Viet Nam.
4. Mien thi thuc nhap canh
Mien thi thuc (mien visa) la viec mdt qude gia cho phep cdng dan cua mgt qudc gia khdc nhap canh va luu tni trong mdt khoang thdi gian nhdt dinh ma khong phai xin thi thuc.
Nham tao dieu kien de ngudi nude ngoai nhdp canh Viet Nam, nhdt la thu hiit khach du lich tai cac thi trudng tiem nang, trgng diem, Dieu 12 Ludt xudt, nhap canh quy dinh ve cae trudng hgp mien thi thyc nhap canh.' ' Tren thuc td, Viet Nam mien (17). Dieu 21 Lu§t xudt, nhdp cdnh.
(18). Dilu 12: Cdc truimg hpp miln thi thuc nh§p cdnh: "1. Theo dieu udc quoc ti md Vi$l Nam Id thanh vien. 2. Su dj/ng the thudng tru, the tom tni theo quy dinh cua Lugt nay. 3. Vao khu kinh te cua khdu. 3an
TAP CHI LUAT HOC SO 3/2019 NGHIENCirU- TRAOBOI thi thuc cho cdng dan mdt sd nude vdi hai
hinh thiic: miln thi thuc don phuang va mien thi thirc song phuang.
4.1. Miin thi thuc song phuang Miln thi th\rc song phuang duge hieu la cd hai qudc gia deu cho trao cho nhau dac quyen de cdng dan cua hg cd the nhdp canh qua lai giira hai qudc gia ma khdng phai xin thi thuc nhdp canh. Chang han, Viet Nam va Singapore ki hiep dinh miln thi thirc song phuang, nghia la cdng dan Viet Nam hay Singapore diu cd the nhdp canh qua lai giiia Singapore va Viet Nam ma khdng phdi xin visa nhdp canh.
Hien nay, Viet Nam mien thi thuc song phuong trong cac trudng hgp sau:
Thu nhdt, Viet Nam mien thi thuc song phuong eho cdng ddn eiia 87 nude Id ngudi mang hd chieu ngoai giao, hd chieu cdng vu theo hiep dinh, thoa thuan mien thi thuc.
Tmh din ngay 26/4/2019, Vi?t Nam da ki Hiep dinh, thoa thuan mien thi thue vdi 87 nude (04 Hiep dinh vdi Cameroon, Nam-mi- bi-a, E-ti-d-pi-a, Lat-vi-a ehua xac djnh hieu luc).''^* Theo dd, cdng dan cua 87 nude mang hd ehidu ngoai giao, hd chieu cdng vu dugc mien thj thuc vao Viet Nam vd ngugc lai. Theo Hiep dinh, thoa thuan mien thi thuc nay, thdi gian tam tni duge quy dinh rd vdi timg ddi tugng cu the.
v; hiinh chinh - kinh ti dgc bi4t. 4. Theo quy dinh tgi Diiu 13 cua Lu$t nay ".
(19). Xem danh myc cdc nuac ki Hiep djnh, thoa thuan miln thj thyc vdi ViSt Nam tai: https://lanhsu vietnam.gov.vn/Lists/BaiViet/B%C3%A0i%20vi%E1
%BA%BFt/DispForm.aspx?List=dc7c7d75-6a32- 4215-afeb-47d4bee70eee&ID=513, truy cdp ngdy 01/5/2019.
Thic hai, Viet Nam mien thi thue song phuong cho cdng dan mang hp chieu phd thdng cua 9 nude trong khdi ASEAN.'^^'
Tai Hdi nghi nhung ngudi diing dau ca quan quan li xudt nhap canh va lanh su cac nude ASEAN lin thii 7 (DGICM 7), td chiic tai Ha Ndi vao nam 2003, Viet Nam da de xuat sang kien "Hiep dinh khung ASEAN ve mien thi thuc eho cdng ddn cae nude ASEAN"
va da dugc cac cac nude thanh vien ASEAN ung hd. Trong khudn khd Hdi nghj Bp trudng ngoai giao ASEAN lin thii 39, td chiic tir ngay 24 - 28/7/2006 tai Kualalumpur - Malaysia nam 2006, Bd trudng ngoai giao cdc nude thanh vien ASEAN da ki Hiep djrih khung ASEAN vl mien thi thuc. Hiep dinh nay dugc ki kdt la budc quan trgng gdp phan xay dung mdt khdi ASEAN tu do di lgi, tao dieu kien thudri lpi cho phat trien quan he giao luu, du hch, ddu tu, hgp tac,... giiia cdc nude thanh vien.
Thuc hien Hiep dinh khung ASEAN ve miln thi thuc cho cdng ddn cac nude ASEAN, den nay cae nude tharih vidn ASEAN da ki hi?p dinh song phuong ve mien thi th\rc cho edng dan mang hd chieu phd thdng. Dieu kien va thdi han tam tni dugc quy dinh tai danh muc cac hiep dinh, thod thudn giiia Viet Nam va cae nude thanh vien ASEAN. Cu thi:
- Dieu kien mien thi thuc: Theo hiep dinh song phuong, cdng ddn cua cac nude ASEAN ddn Viet Nam chi can hd chieu hgp le va ve may bay khu hdi, khdng can thi
(20). Brunei, Campuchia, Indonesia, Ldo, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thdi Lan.
TAP CHI LUAT HOC SO 3/2019 NGHIEN CUV - TRAO BOI thue. Ngugc lai, cdng dan Viet Nam d i n cac
nude trong khdi ASEAN cung chi cin co hd ehidu hgp le (cd gid tri it nhit tir 6 thang trd len), eiing ve may bay khii hdi la dugc xuit canh sang cac nude ASEAN d l du lich, tham than ma khdng cdn phdi ed thi thuc.
- Thdi han tam tni: Theo hiep dinh song phuong giiia Viet Nam va cac nude thanh vien ASEAN, cdng dan mang hd chilu phd thdng dugc mien thi thue thdi gian ngan nhdt la 14 ngay, dai nhat 30 ngay.' *'
Trong trudng hgp cdng dan Vidt Nam d i n cac nude trong khdi ASEAN vdi muc dich lam vi?c hoac thdi han dai han theo quy dinh tren thi phai xin thi thuc. Tuang ty, cdng ddn d cae nude trong khdi ASEAN vao Viet Nam, neu d dai h a n 30 ngay, khdng phai muc dich du lieh hoac tham than ma lam vide thi phdi xin thi thuc theo cac quy dinh cua phap luat.
Hien nay, Viet Nam vd cac nude ASEAN dang dam phan de di den thdng nhdt cap visa du hch chung trong 10 nude ASEAN. Thay vi phdi xin visa timg qudc gia, du khdch qudc te d i n 10 nude ASEAN du ljch chi can xin visa mdt nude, gidng nhu Hiep udc Schengen - md hinh ciia Lien minh chau Au (EU).'^^*
(21). Cy thi, cong dan mang hO chilu pho thSng cua cac nuoc Thdi Lan, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Ldo vd Campuchia dupe miln thi thirc vdo Vifit Nam vdi thdi han tam tni khong qua 30 ngdy; cQng ddn Philippines dupe t^un tni khdng qud 21 ngay; c6ng dan Brunei vd Myanmar dupe tam tni khdng qud 14 ngdy vd ngupc \^\.
(22). Nguyin Minh Phong, Huong tai thj thirc du Ifch chung ASEAN, http://nhandan.com.vn/chinhtri/item/349 48602-huong-toi-thi-thuc-du-lich-chung-asean.html;
Dinh Hi?p, Visa du lich chung 10 nuoc ASEAN - Lgi ich Vfl thdch thuc?, http://hanoimoi.com.vn/ban-in/
77iif ba, Viet Nam m i l n thi thuc cho nhirng ngudi mang the di Ijii doanh nhdn APEC thudc cac qudc gia thdnh vien cua Diln ddn hgp tae kinh t l khu vuc chau A - Thai Binh Duong (APEC).
The di lai cua doanh nhan APEC (APEC Business Travel Card, vilt t i t Id ABTC) la mdt loai giay td do c a quan cd t h i m quyin ciia nude va vimg Idnh thd tham gia Chuong trinh the di lai ciia doanh nhan APEC cap cho doanh nhdn ciia minh d l tao thuan lgi cho viSc di lai thuc hidn cae hoat ddng hgp tae kinh doanh, thuang mai, ddu tu, dich vu;
tham dy cac hdi nghi, hdi thao vd cac muc dieh kinh t l khac tai cac nude va vimg lanh thd thudc APEC tham gia Chuang trinh.
Ngudi mang the ABTC, khi nhap canh, xuat canh eae n u d c v g vimg laiih thd cd ten ghi trong the thi khdng can phai cd thi thyc eiia eac nude va vung lanh thd dd.
The ABTC cd gia trj sir dung trong 05 nam (trude day la 3 nam), ke tir ngay c i p va khdng dugc gia han. Khi the ABTC hit thdi han sd dung, neu ngudi dugc cdp the van cdn nhu e i u di l^i trong khdi APEC thi lam thu tue d l nghi cdp lai the mdi. The ABTC ehi cd gia tri nhap canh, xuat canh khi ngudi mang the xuat trinh kem theo hd chieu hgp Id. Moi lan nh$p canh, ngudi mang the ABTC dugc cac nude vd vimg lanh thd thanh vien cap chiing nhdn tam tni theo thdi han quy dinh cua cac nude hoae vung lanh thd dd.'^^' Ddi vdi Viet Nam, ngudi mang the Xa-hoi/827317/visa-du-lich-chung-10-nuoc-asean-%
E2%80%93-Ioi-ich-va-thach-thuc, truy c§p 24/4/2019.
(23). Australia, Chile, New Zealand, Nh^t Ban, Hdn QuIc, Dai Loan, Thdi Lan, Brunei, Peru, MexicS, thdi gian 10
TAP CHi LUAT HOC SO 3/2019 NGHIENCifU- TRAOBOI ABTC dugc mien thi thyc Vi^t Nam vdi thdi
han cu tni khdng qua 60 ngay.
4.2. Miin thi thicc doTiphuong Mien thi thyc don phuang la chi dcm phuong mdt phia qudc gia mien thi thye.
Chang han, \^et Nam m i l n thi thuc don phuong eho cdng ddn cd hp chieu Nhat Ban, trong khi cdng ddn Viet Nam mudn nhdp canh Nhdt Ban thi phdi xin thi thyc trudc khi nhap canh vao Nheit Bdn, tiic chi dcm phuang phia Viet Nam mien thi thyc.
Theo Didu 13 Ludt xuit nhap canh, quylt djnh dan phuang m i l n thi thye cho cdng dan eua mdt nude phai cd dii cac d i l u kien sau ddy:
a) Cd quan he ngoai giao vdi Viet Nam;
b) Phu hgp vdi ehinh saeh phat triln kinh tS-xa hgi va ddi ngoai cda Viet Nam trong timg thdi ki;
c) Khdng lam phuong hai den qude phdng, an ninh va trat ty, an todn xa hpi cua V e t Nam.
Quygt dinh don phucmg mien thi thyc cd thdi han khdng qud 05 ndm va dugc xera xet gia han. Quy dinh nay nhdm tranh tinh trang phdt sinh nhung phiie tap vd ddi ngoai khi dirng don phuong mien thi thye.
Theo cac dieu kien tren, Viet Nam mien thi thyc don phuong cho cdng dan eac qude gia sau:
luu tru bang thi APEC: 90 ngdy; Trung Quoc, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, Papua, Niu Ghinfi, thdi gian lim tni b5ng thd APEC; 60 ngdy; Nga fhdi gian luu tni bdng thS APEC: tii 14 din 90 ngdy; PhiUppines:
59 ngdy; MJ* cd thi bdt bu^c phdi c6 visa cd hi|u lyc nlu nhu phdp lu§t My hifn hdnh cd quy djnh; Canada:
cd thi bdt buOc phdi cd visa cd hi?u lyc nlu nhu phdp luat Canada hien hdnh cd quy dinh.
Thu nhdt, Viet Nam midn thj thye don phuang cho cdng dan cua 13 qu6c gia - la thi trudng du lich tiem nang cua V e t Nam, bao gdm: Nhat Ban, Hdn Qudc, Na Uy, P h i n Lan, Dan Mach, Thuy Diln, -Nga, Belarus, Anh, Phap, Diic, Tdy Ban Nha, Italy. Thdi han eua mien thi thyc dan phuong nay khdng qua 15 ngay Theo cac Nghi quylt eua Chinh phii,'^*' chinh sach don phuang midn thi thuc khdng phdn biet loai hO chieu, muc dich nhdp canh va dugc ap dung trong tung thdi gian nhit dinh (thdi hgn d i n 31/12/2019 ddi vdi cdc nude: Dan Mach, Na Uy, Phin Lan, Thuy Diln, Nhat Bdn, Hdn Qudc, Lien bang Nga;
thdi han d i n 30/6/2020 ddi vdi 06 qudc gia 'cdn lai). Trong trudng hgp cdng dan cae nude ke trdn cd nhu edu nhap canh va luu tni vdi thdi han dai hon thi cin phaildm thu tuc xin thi thue theo quy dinh trudc khi nhdp canh vao Viet Nam.
Tren thyc te, sd lugng cdng ddn cdc nude nhap canh theo dien midn thi thye don phuang tang khdng nhilu. Theo thdng ke, tir nam 2015 d i n nam 2018, cd 11.897.821 lugt cdng ddn ciia 13 nude nhap cahh theo didn don phuong mien thi thyc, chiem ti le 25,75% tdng sd ngudi nude ngoai nhdp
(24). Nghi quylt s6 99/NQ-CP ngdy 29/12/2014 ve viec miln thi thy:c cd thdi h^n d6i vdi cdng ddn cdc nude:
Lien bang Nga, Nhdt Ban, Dai Han Ddn qu6c, Vuong quoc Dan Mach, Vuong quoc Na uy, Vuong quoc Thyy Dien vd Cong hod Phdn Lan; Nghi quyet so 39/NQ-CP ngay 01/6/2015 vl vi?c mien thi thyc cd thdi h^in ddi vdi cdng dan nude c^ng hod Be-Ia-nit; Nghj quylt sd 46/NQ-CP ngdy 18/6/2015 vl vifc miln thj thyc cd thdi hgn d6i vdi cdng ddn cdc nude Vuong qudc Anh, Cong hod Phdp, Cpng hod Li^n bang Diic, Vuong qudc Tdy Ban Nha, Cpng hod I-ta-Ii-a.
11
TAP CHI LUAT HOC SO 3/2019 NGHIEN cut/ - TRAO BOI canh.' ' Vi vdy, de thu hut ngudi nude ngoai
nhdp canh Viet Nam nhieu hon nua (nhit la du lich), Chinh phu can md rgng danh sach eac nude dugc Viet Nam miln thi thuc don phuang. Vdi viec md rdng nay vira dam bao lgi ich eua Viet Nam vica dap iing dugc nhimg yeu edu eua hgi nhap.'^^'
Thie hai, Viet Nam mien thi thyc cho ngudi nude ngoai den ddo Phii Qudc, tinh Kien Giang.
Ddy la chinh sach da dugc quy dinh tai Quyet dinh eiia Thu tudng Chinh phu sd 229/2005/QD-TTg ngay 16/9/2005. Theo chinh sach nay, ngudi nude ngoai nhap cdnh, xuat cdnh, eu tni tai dao Phii Qu6c dugc mien thi thyc vdi thdi gian tam tni khdng qua 15 ngdy, trudng hgp ngudi nude ngoai vao mdt cira khau qude te cda Viet Nam, luu lai khu vyc qua canh d cira khdu dd, rdi chuyen tiep di dao Phu Qude ciing dugc mien thi thuc. Hidn nay, theo quydt dinh sd 80/2013/QD-TTg cua Thu tudng Chinh phu ngay 27/12/2013 ban hanh radt sd ca ehd, chinh saeh dac thu phat trien ddo Phii Qudc, tinh Kien Giang, thi thdi gian midn thi thuc cho ngudi nude ngoai duge ndng len 30 ngay, ap dung vdi ea trudng hgp luu tgi khu vyc qua canh d mdt cira khau qudc te ciia Viet Nam (ke .cd dudng hang khdng va dudng bidn), rdi di tilp den dao Phii Qudc.
(25). Bp cdng an, Bao cdo tdng kit thi hdnh Luat Nhdp cdnh, xudt canh, qud cdnh.cu trO cua ngudi nude ngodi tai Vi§t,Nam, tr. 9.
(26). Ph^im Hong Hanh, "Nhung vdn dl phdp Ii trong l!hh vuc xudt nh§p cdnh, cu tni ciia ngudi nude ngodi t?Li Viet Nam", Ki ylu hdi thdo khoa hpc cap khoa:
"Dia VI phdp li ciia ngu&i nu&c ngoai tgi Vi^t Nam ", Trudng Dai hpc Luat Hd Ndi, thdng 12/2015, tr. 47.
Nhu vdy, chinh sach miln thi thyc cho ngudi nude ngodi nhap canh khu kinh te ven bien Phii Qudc chi dugc quy dinh trong Quylt dinh cua Thu tudng Chinh phu ma chua dugc quy dinh trong Luat. Do vdy, de bao dam tinh thong nhit eua he thong phap luat, tiep tue tao dilu ki?n thu|ji lgi eho ngudi nude ngodi nhdp cdnh vdo dia ban Phii Qudc, KiSn Giang cd thi duge hudng chinh sdch miln thi thyc, Luat xuit, nhap canh cdn bd sung quy dinh mien tiii thyc cho ngudi nude ngoai nh$p canh khu kinh td ven bidn Phii Qudc. Vide bd sung nay vao trong Luat xudt, nhdp canh thd hien ro dugc thien chi cua Nha nude trong viec thye hidn chinh sdch uu dai ve nhdp cdnh ddi vdi ngudi nude ngoai khi nhgp canh vao Phii Qudc, khac phue dugc tinh trang thilu thdng nhat ciia he thdng phap luat va khdng trai vdi cac cam ket qudc t8 ma Viet Nam la Ihanh vien.
Thu ba, quan chiie, vien chiic Ban thu ki ASEAN khdng phdn bidt logi hp chieu duge midn thi thuc nhdp canh Viet Nam vdi thdi hgn tam tni khdng qua 30 ngdy.
Theo quy dinh ciia Luat xuat, nhdp canh, d§ dugc xet mien thi thyc don phuang khi nhap cdnh Vet Nam ngudi nude ngoai phai tudn thu cac dilu kien: cd hd chieu hgp le do CO quan c6 tham quyen eiia nude ma ngudi dd la cdng dan cip, hd chieu cdn thdi hgn sir dung it nhit 06 thang kd tic ngay nhap canh va thdi diem nhdp canh phai each thdi diem xuit canh Vet Nam lan trude it nhat 30 ngay (theo khoan 1 Didu 20). Viee quy dinh dieu kien "phai cdch thdi diera xuat cdnh Viet Nam Idn trudc it nhat 30 ngay" nham han chi tinh trgng ngudi nude ngoai lgi dung 12
TAP CHi LUAT HOC S6 3/2019 NGHIENCW- TRAOBOI chinh sach mien thi thyc don phuong, nhgp
canh lien tilp 6k vdo Viet Nam lam viec, lao ddng... Tuy nhien, sau khi tridn khai dp dyng, quy dinh tren dd gay vudng mdc ddi vdi sd khaeh nhdp canh Vet Nam du lich sau do sang nude thii ba rdi quay lgi Vi?t Nara tiep tue du lich.
Vi vdy, can don gian cac dieu kien nhap cdnh ddi vdi trudng hgp don phuang mien thi thyc,'^'* gdp phdn thu hut ngudi nude ngodi nhdp cdnh Viet Nam vi mue dieh du lich hoac tim hieu thi trudng, gop phdn thuc hidn Nghi quylt ciia Bp chinh ti-i sd 08-NQ/TW, ngdy 16/01/2017 vl phat tiriln du lich trd thanh nganh kinh td mui nhgn, qua dd gdp phan thiic day kinh te Vet Nam phdt trien va phil hgp vdi xu the chung cCia cac nude trong qua trinh hgi nhap. Luat xudt nhap canh cdn bd quy dinh vl dilu kien "p//di cdc/i thai diem xudt cdnh Viet Nam lan truac it nhdt 30 ngay " ddi vdi trudng hgp ngudi nude ngoai thudc dien don phuang mien thi thyc. Theo do, ngudi nude ngoai thudc dien dan phuong mien thi thuc khi hp nhdp cdnh Viet Nam sau do sang nude thii ba rdi quay lai Viet Nam trong 30 ngay kl tir ngay xudt canh Vidt Nam tiii khdng phdi xin thi thyc nhgp canh tai cda khau.
Quan diem eua tac gia eiing trimg vdi quan didm cda Bd cdng an. Trong Dy thdo
"Bao cao ddnh gia tae ddng ciia ehinh sach trong de nghi xay dung dy an hwaX sira ddi,
bd sung mdt sd dilu cua Luat nhap canh, xuit canh, qua canh, cu tni cua ngudi nude ngoai tgi Vdt Nam", Bd edng an dd dua ra ba giai phdp cho chinh sach nay Id: 1) Giir nguyen hidn trang; 2) Bd quy dinh vd dilu kien "phai each thdi diem xudt cdnh Viet Nam lin trudc It nhdt 30 ngay" ddi vdi trudng hgp ngudi nude ngoai don phuang midn thi thyc; 3) Bd quy dinh vl didu kien "phai each thdi dilm xuat canh Viet Nam Idn trudc it nhdt 30 ngdy" doi vdi trudng hgp don phuang mien thi thyc vd chi dp dung ddi vdi ngudi nude ngodi nhgp cdnh vi mue dieh du lieh.
Tren co sd phdn tich, danh gia tde ddng tich cue, tieu cue cua cac gidi phap ddi vdi nha nude, ed nhdn, td chiic ve nam mat tac ddng: kinh te, xa hdi, gidi, thii tuc hanh chinh, vd he thdng phap ludt, Bd edng an kien nghi lya chgn giai phap 2.' '
5. Thi thyrc dien i\s cho ngiroi avdc ngoai nhap canh Viet Nam
Hidn nay, cap thi thye dien td eho ngudi nude ngodi nhgp canh Viet Nam chua dugc quy dinh trong Luat xudt, nhdp cdnh ma dugc quy dinh trong mdt sd Nghi quyet cua Chinh phd, Qude hdi.'^^^Ngdy 01/02/2019, Chinh phu
(27). Hodng Thu, Tgo dieu kien nhung vdn phdi qudn li dupe hogt d0ng xudt, nhgp cdnh, https://baomoi.
com/tao-dieu-kien-nhung-van-phai-quan-Iy-duoc- hoat-dong-xuat-nhap-canh/c/30307744.epi, tmy cap 25/4/2019.
(28). Bp cdng an, "Bdo cdo ddnh gid tae dpng cua chinh sdch trong dl nghj xdy dung du an Ludt siia doi, bo sung mpt s6 dieu ciia Luat nhdp cdnh, xudt cdnh, qud cdnh, cu tni ciia ngudi nude ngodi t^i Viet Nam", tr. 28.
(29). Dd Id: Nghj quylt eiia Chinh phu sd 36a/NQ-CP ngdy 14/10/2015 vl chii truong xdy dung Chinh phii dien tii, trong dd giao cho BO cdng an phdi hgp vdi Bd ngo^ii giao nghiSn cuu xdy dung de dn cdp thi thyc dien tii cho ngudi nude ngodi nh$p canh Viet Nam nhdm tao dilu ki^n thu|n lpi hon nfta cho ngudi nude ngodi vdo Vi^t Nam du lieh, tim hieu ca hpi ddu tu...; Nghi quylt ciia Qudc hdi s6 30/20I6/QH14 ngdy 22/11/2016 vl 13
TAP CHI LUAT HOC SO 3/2019 NGHIENCUV- TRAOBOI da ban hanh Nghi dinh sd 17/201'5/ND-CP^^*^^
sua ddi, bd sung mgt sd dieu cua Nghi dinh sd 07/2017/ND-CP ngdy 25/01/2017 cua Chinh phu quy dinh trinh tu, thu tuc thyc hien thi diem cdp thi thyc dien td eho ngudi nude ngoai nhap canh Vet Nam. Tai khoan I Dilu 1 Nghi dinh sd 17/2019/ND-CP da bd sung danh sach 34 nude cd cdng ddn dugc thi diem cap thi thyc dien td, nang tdng sd cac nude c6 cdng ddn dugc cdp thi thyc dien tu thi didm eua Viet Nam Idn 80 nudc.'^ '*
Ngdy 21/3/2019, Bd tinidng Bd cdng an da ki Van ban hpp nhit sd 03/VBHN-BCA, hgp nhat Nghi dinh quy dinh trinh ty, thu tuc thyc hien thi diera cip thi thuc dien td eho ngudi nude ngoai nhdp canh Viet Nam. Theo do, ngudi nude ngoai de nghi cap thi thyc dien td thyc hidn nhu sau:
Truy cap trang thdng tin cdp thi thuc dien td de khai thdng tin de nghi cap thi thyc dien tir, tai anh vd trang nhan than hp chieu.
- Nhdn ma hd so dien tu va nop phi cap thuc hien thi dilm cap thi thuc difn tu cho ngudi nude ngoai nhdp cdnh Viet Nam (Nghi quyet s6 30/2016/QH14), Nghj djnh cua Chinh phu so 07/2017/ND-CP ngdy 25/01/2017 quy dinh Hinh tu, thQ tyc thue hiSn thi dilm cdp thj thuc dien tu cho ngudi nude ngodi nh?.p canh Vift Nam. Ngdy 20/11/2018, tai Ki hpp thti 6, Qudc hdi khod XIV dd thdng qua Nghj quylt sd 74/2018/QH14 cho phep keo ddi thdi gian thi dilm cdp thj thyc dien tii cho ngudi nude ngodi nhdp cdnh Viet Nam tdi da 02 ndm kl td ngdy 01/02/2019.
(30). Nghi dinh eua Chinh phu sd 17/20I9/ND-CP ed hi^u lyc thi hdnh trong hai ndm k l tii ngdy 01/02/2019.
(31). Bao gdm: 40 nude theo Nghi djnh so 07/2017/ND-CP ngdy 25/01/2017, 06 nude theo Nghj quylt sd 124/NQ-CP ngdy 29/11/2017 vd 34 nude theo Nghi djnh s6 17/20I9/ND-CPngdy 1/2/2019.
thi thyc vao tai khoan quy dinh tai trang thdng tin cap thi thuc dien tu.
Trong thdi han 03 ngay lam vide, ke tir ngay nhdn du thdng tin de nghi cap thi thyc dien tir va phi cdp thi thyc, Cue qudn li xuat nhap canh xem xet, giai quyet, tra ldi ngudi de nghi cdp thi thye dien tu tai trang thdng tin cdp till thyc dien td. Ngudi nude ngoai de nghi cap thi thuc dien tu sii dung ma hd so dien tii dl kilm tra ket qua giai quyet ciia Cue quan II xuit nhdp cdnh t?i trang thdng tin cap thi thuc dien tu; trudng hgp dugc cap thj thye diSn tu thi su dung ma hd so didn tu de in thi thyc didn tir.'^^^Nhu vay, toan bd qua trinh tir nop hd so, xem xet giai quyet va Ihdng bao kit qua cip thi thuc cho ngudi nude ngoai deu thye hien qua hd thong giao dich dien td.
Thuc hien thi diem cdp thi thyc didn tu cho ngudi nude ngoai nhap canh Viet Nam la ehinh sdch mdi, the hien quyet tam cai each hanh ehinh triet dd cua Chinh phii, phu hgp chu truong iing dung cdng nghe thdng tin trong hoat ddng cua cac co quan nhd nude, cip thi thyc dien td eho ngudi nude ngoai nhgp canh Viet Nam da thyc hien thi didm dugc 2 nam va Qudc hgi cho phep keo dai thdi han tiep tuc thi diera cdp thi thuc dien td them 2 nam kl td ngay 01/02/2019 din ngay 31/01/2021,'^^' 6h tu do eo eo sd (32). Phii Lpc, Van bdn hop nhdt Nghj djnh ve lmh vuc cdp thi thuc di4n tu cho ngu&i nuoc ngodi nhgp cdnh Viet Nam, http://bocongan.gov.vn/van-ban/van- ban-moi/van-ban-hop-nhat-nghi-dinh-ve-linh- vuc-cap-thi-thuc-dien-tu-cho-nguoi-nuoc-ngoai-nhap- canh-viet-nam-334.html, truy cap 10/4/2019.
(33). Anh Phuong, "Kiin nghi tiip tuc cdp thi thirc di^n tu cho ngu&i nu&c ngodi nhgp cdnh Viet Nam",
14
TAP CHI L U A T HOC S6 3/2019 NGHIENCUV' TRAOBOI
tdng kit, danh gia toan dien chinh saeh nay.
Sau hai nam td chirc thyc hien eho tiiiy, h i u hit ngudi nude ngoai vdo Viet Nam du lich dl nghi cdp till thyc dien tu (chidra ti le 98%).
Td ngay 01/02/2017 d i n ngay 31/12/2018, Cue quan li xuit nhdp cdnh - Bd cdng an da cip 422.928 tin ^lyc didn td eho ngudi nude 1^0^. Sd lugng thi thyc didn tii cdp cho ngudi nude ngoai tang nhanh, nam 2017 Id 109.434 lugt, din nam 2018 la 313.494 (tang 186% so vdi ndm 2017). Chi tinh phi c i p tiii thyc dien hi, din h i t 31/12/2018 da thu dugc 244.822.446.000 dong qua he tiidng tiianh toan dien tu.'^***
Do cap thi thyc didn tu cho ngudi nude ngoai nhdp canh V e t Nam Id chinh sach mdi, dang trong giai doan tin diera va chinh sach ndy chua dugc quy djnh trong Ludt xuat, nhgp. cdnh nen Luat xudt, nhdp canh sua ddi, bd sung cdn quy dinh ve cap thi thyc dien td eho ngudi nude ngoai nhdp cdnh vao Viet Nam ndu dap dng du cac didu kien eua Luat. Cimg vdi do, Chinh phu quylt dinh danh sach cae nude, vung lanh thd cd edng dan duge c i p thi thyc didn td, danh sdch cac cua khiu eho phep ngudi nude ngoai su dung thi thyc dien td nhap canh, xudt canh.
Viec sira ddi, bd sung nay nhdm bdo ddm tinh dn dinh, tao ca sd phap li thdng nhdt de tiiyc hien chinh thdc vide c i p thi thyc dien
http://www.sggp.org.vn/kien-nghi-tiep-tuc-cap-thi- thuc-dien-tu-cho-nguoi-nuoc-ngoai-nhap-canh-viet- nam-552921.html, truy cap 26/4/2019.
(34), Bd cdng an, Bdo cdo tong kit thi hdnh Ludt Nh$p cdnh, xudt cdnh, qud cdnh, cu tru ciia ngudi nude ngodi tai Vi^t Nam, tr. 8.
td cho ngudi nude ngodi nhgp canh V e t Nam, tao didu kien thudn lgi cho viec hdi nhap qudc te gan vdi thuc day tang trudng kinh td, cdi each hanh chinh./.
TAI LIgU THAM KHAO 1. Phara Hdng Hgnh, "Nhiing vin d l phap li
tiong ITnh vyc xudt nhdp canh, cu tni cua ngudi nude ngodi tai V e t Nam", Ki y l u hdi thao khoa hpc cap khoa: Dia vi phdp li ciia ngu&i nu&c ngoai tgi Vi4t Nam, Tmdng Dgi hgc Ludt Ha Ndi, tiiang 12/2015.
2. TbanhNam, "Xudthien "doanh nghiep ma"
"chay thi thicc" cho nguai nuac ngoai".
https://infonet.vn/xuat-hien-doanh- nghiep-ma-ehay-thi-thuc-cho-nguoi- nuoc-ngoai-post 103530.info
3. Nguyin Minh Phong, Huong tai thi thuc du lich chung ASEAN, http://tihandan.
com.vn/chinhtri/item/34948602-huong- toi-thi-thuc-du-lich-chung-asean.htmi 4. Anh Phuang, "Kien nghi tiep tuc cdp thi
thuc dien tif cho ngudi nuac ngoai nhgp cdnh Viet Nam", http://www.sggp.org.vn/
kien-nghi-tiep-tuc-cap-thi-thuc-dien-tu- cho-nguoi-nuoc-ngoai-nhap-canh-viet- nam-5529 21.html
5. Hodng Thu, Tgo dieu kien nhung vdn phai qudn li duac hogt dong xudt, nhdp cdnh, h t ^ s ://baomoi.com/tao-dieu-kien-nhung- van-phai-quan-ly-duoc-hoat-dong-xuat- nhap-canh/c/30307744.epi
6. V e n nghidn ciiu Igp phap - Trung tam nghien ciiu khoa hgc, "Cu tni, didu kien cu tru ciia ngudi nude ngoai tai V e t Nam - Thyc tigng vd kien nghi". Ha Ndi, thang 10/2013.
