Mo hmh danh gia phat trien khu^ cum cong nghiep xanh tinh Long An
HUYNH THANH TCf MAI VAN NHIEO"
T o m t a t
Bdi viit xdc dinh cdc cdc yiu td quan trgng tdc dgng din tdng trudng xanh (TTX) c&a cdc khu, cum cdng nghiep (KCCN) tren dia bdn tinh Long An gdm: hieu qud kinh ti, ca chi, chinh sdch...
Thong qua cdc kit qud cd dugc tff diiu tra khdo sdt, nhdm nghien cffu dUa ra mgt sdggi y ve qudn tri cho Ban Qudn ly Khu Kinh ti tinh Long Am vd cdc ca quan lien ngdnh de ra hudng di, chinh sdch thiit thffc, gdp phdn dinh hudng cachi, chinh sdch theo hudng TTX cho cdc KCCN tgi Tinh Tifkhoa: cachi, chinh sdch, gidi phdp, tdng trudngxanh, khu cum cdng nghiep. Long An
S u m m a r y
The paper identifies critical factors affecting green growth in Long An provice-based industrial parks and clusters, including economic efficiency, mechanisms, policies... With the findings, the authors provide some suggestions concerning governance for Long An province's Economic 'Zone Management Board and authorities to make practical direction and policy towards green growth.
Keywords: mechanisms, policies, suggestions, green growth, industrial parks and clusters.
Long Am
GlCfl TfflEU
Trong xu htfdng tang trtfdng xanh toan cau, tinh Long An cung dang chuyen minh sang nen kinh te xanh (Green Economy).
Chuyen doi sang nen kinb te xanh la mdt ddng life quan ttpng ttong no life de dat dtfdc tie'n bd xa hdi va phon thinh cua Tinh. D e lam dtfdc dieu nay, Tinh can quan tam tdi cd che', chinh sach va vai ttd ciia quan ly nha ntfdc ttong chuyen ddi nen kinh te ttt "nau" sang "xanh", dac biet ttong cdng tac xanh hda cac KCCN.
MO H I N H VA PHLfONG P H A P N G H I E N ClTU
Theo UN (GreenEconomy, 2007), OECD (Green Growth and developing countries:
A sumary for Pohcies MakefS,-2012), cd
^
che, chinh sach, the che' va boat ddng cua chinb phu thifc stf ddng vai ttd trung tam cua toan bp qua tnnh tang trtfdng va ddi mdi ttong nen kinh te xanh.
Cung theo nghien ctfu tten, tM cd che' va cMnh sach cua cac chinh phu la tac nban cMnh ttong viec can tMep va phdng ngtfa cac hanh vi lam tdn hai de'n mdi trtfdng ttf nhien, mdi trtfdng kinh te, van hoa - xa hdi, lam bie'n ddi kM hau cua cac ca nhan va td chtfe trtfdc kM banh vi lan truyen. Trong trtfdng hdp cac sif cd do cac banh vi cua con ngtfdi gay ra, ma lam tdn hai de'n mdi trtfdng xung quanh, cd che chinh sach va luat thue' dtfdc cac chinh phii stt dung de danh thue, phat va yeu cau cac ben httu quan cd cac hanh dpng tMch dang de' xtt ly van de trtfdc kM nd ttd nen ngMem ttpng.
Dtfa theo cac nghien cttu ve TTX cd nhan to cd che, cMnb sach, tbi md Mnh ngMen ctfu cac ye'u to tac dpng de'n cd che cMnh sach ttong TTX dtfdc tMe't ke tten cd sd phtfdng trinh sau:
y , „ = a + fil*Lcn + p2*Qkg -t- fi3*Tcq + fi4*Htk -t-pSWpt
Email: [email protected] TS., Trtfdng Dai hpc Kinh te - Luat, Dai hoc Quoc gia TP. Ho Chi Minh
", Sd Khoa hpc Cong nghe tinh Long An
Ngay nhan bai: 14/07/2016; Ngay phan bien: 13/09/2016; Ngay duyet dang: 16/09/2016
Economy and Forecast Review
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Trong dd:
Y : TTX ve cd che, chinh sach - bie'n phu thupc, Cac bie'n ddc lap la:
Len: Tbtfc Men cac quy dinh va cac chinh sach cua Nha ntfdc va dia phtfdng;
Qkg: Quy hoach va bao ve khdng gian xanh;
Tcq: Tnnh dp can bp quan ly;
Htk: Quy hoach viing;
Upt: Chinh sach tfu tien phat trie'n ben vttng, a: bang sd',
Pl, p2, P3, P4, p5: cac he so bdi quy,
Tren cd sd cac nghien ctfu tttfde day, nhdm ngbidn ctfu xay dtfng gia thuye't:
HO: Mdi tirfdng the che' va cd che cbinh sach chu ddng, kip didi cua Nha ntfdc khdng anh htfdng ticb ctfc de'n TTX d Long An,
HT. Mdi trtfdng the che' va cd che' cbinh sach chu ddng, kip thdi cua Nha ntfdc cd anh htfdng tich ctfc de'n TTX d Long An,
Nham dieu tra tbu thap dtt lieu sd cafp, nhdm nghien ciM da thie't ke 6 bp thang do vdi cac tieu cM danh gia ve: Kinb te; Mdi ti^fdng; Xa bdi; Viec lam; Cdche'chinh sach; Stt phd'i hdp cac ben bttu quan, Sau bd thang do dttdc gidi thieu cho cac chuyen gia ddng gdp y kie'n, Sau do, thang do drfdc dieu chinh va dttdc stt dung ttong nghien cttu sd bd (pilot study) nham kiem dinh tbang do ve mat khoa hpc thd'ng ke nham loai cac bien rac, dam bao tinh phu hdp, dp tin cay va ca'u true chat che ciia tbang do va cac bang cau hdi. Do dia ban trai rpng, khao sat nhieu van de, nbieu dd'i trfdng, nen thdi gian thu tbSp dtt lieu keo dai, ttt thang 4 de'n tbang 07/2015.
BANG 1: MO TA MAG KHAO S A T D6'i ttftfng kliao sat
Ban Quan ly KKT tinh Long An; Sd Cong Thtfdng tinh Long An
Cac doanh nghiep tai cac KCCN thupc cac thanh pho, huyen: Tan An, Du'c Hoa, Ben Lu'c, Can Giupc, Long Dinh, Long Cang Dan cu' song xung quanh cac KCCN tai dia ban cac thanh pho', huyen: Tan An, Du'c Hoa, Ben Lu'c, Can Giupc, Long Dinh, Long Cang
TONG CQNG Theo cac ye'u td'
1. Kinh te 2. Moi trtfcing 3. Xahpi 4. Viec lam 5. Cd che, chinh sach
6. Slf phoi hdp cac ben hffu quan TONG CONG
86' phi£u
ptiat ra
150 450
2.000
2.600 So' phie'u
phat ra
500 500 500 500 300 300 2600
So phi£'u
thu ve
141 408
1.856
2.405
sa'
phie'u thu
vl
470 481 469 422 285 278 2405
86' phi§'u sit dung
dtftfc 126 390
1.744
2.260 86' phie'u sit diing
dtftfc 450 458 425 397 272 258 2260
Ty 16 s8' plil6'u s^ dung dtftfc (%)
5,6 17,2
77,2
100
Ty le sa'
phig'u su' dung dtftfc (%)
19,9 20,2 18,8 17,5 12,0 11,6 100
De dam bao tinh khaeh quan khoa hpc cua miu, mau dttdc chpn bang phttdng phap xac sua't ngiu nMen phan tang, hJc cac dd'i tttdng dttdc chpn ngau nhien va ed cac cd hdi dtfdc ehpn nhtf nhau. Ttt danh sach cac doanh nghiep, dia ban cac KCCN do Ban Quan ly Khu Kinb tetinh Long An cung cap, nhdm ngWen ctfu stt dung ham "Random sample of cases"
ttong phan mem thd'ng ke SPSS de ltfa chpn ngiu nhien ddn gian dd'i ttfdng can dieu tra. Tdng so phie'u pbat ra 2.600, sd phie'u thu ve la 2.405, so phie'u sau khi xtt ly cd the stt dung dtfdc la 2.260 pMeu (Bang 1). Sau dd, dtt lidu dtfdc nhap vao Excel de tinb toan.
KET QUA NGHIEN ClfU
Phdn tich dg tin cdy Cronbach Alpha Ket qua nghien ctfu cho thay, he so Cronbach's Alpha = 0,936 > 0,70, Kdt qua nay cho bie't dp tin cay cua thang do la rat cao (Bang 2),
Phdn tich nhdn tdkhdm phd (EFA) He sd KMO = 0,873 > 0,5 cho tha'y, stt thich hdp ciia viec phan tich nhan td va phan tich nay cd y nghia thttc tien, Kiem dinh Bartlett cd Sig,= 0,000 < 0,05 cho tha'y, cac bie'n quan sat cd mdi tttdng quan vdi nhau (Bang 3),
Ket qua phan tich Total Variance Explained cbo tha'y, cd 5 nhan td' dttdc nit tinch cd he so Phttdng sai trich = 67,039%, Con so nay cho bie't, cd 5 nhan td giai thich dttdc 67,039% stf bie'n thien cua bien quan sat, con sd nay > 50% so vdi yeu cau td'i thieu de ra (Hair & etg, 1998), Cu the nhtf sau:
He sd'ttfdng quan bie'n tdng ddu > 0,30, tha'p nha't cua thang do Len (Thtfc bien cac quy dinh va cac cbinh sach cua Nha ntfdc va dia phtfdng) la bie'n Lcn3 (Doanh nghiep nam bat day du, kip thdi va trien khai dung cac luat, cac van ban, quy dinh
BANG 2: CRONBACH ALPHA
Cronbach's Alpha ,936
N of Items •;!
30 BANG 3: KA1SER-JV\EYER-0LK1N
Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy.
Bartiett's Test of Sphericity
Approx. Chi-Square df
Sig.
,873 10733,729 496 ,000 Mgu6n: Ket qua phan tich SPSS t\X ngu6n dCf
lieu thu thap 2015
24
Kinh te'va Dubaove tang trttdng cdng nghiep xanh, ben vttng) vdi he so tttdng quan bie'n - tdng la 0,487;
Tha'p nha't cua thang do Qkg (Quy hoach va bao ve khdng gian xanh) la Men Qkg6 (Ltta chpn nganh san xua't kinb doanb giam d nhidm, chat thai, tie'ng dn) vdi he so tttdng quan bie'n tdng la 0,485;
Tha'p nhat cua thang do Tcq (Trinh dp can bd quan ly) la bie'n Tcq5 (Doanb ngMep thudng md cac Idp dao tao kie'n thttc, ky nang va httdng dSn thttc hanh cho can bp, cdng nban vien \ e bao \ e va xtt ly cac van de ve mdi trtfdng) vdi he sd' ttfdng quan Men tdng la 0,476;
Tha'p nha't cua thang do Htk (Hdp tac BANG 4: HE SO TadNG QGAN BIEN- TONG
Bie'n I Trung ! Phtftfng He so' bmh thang sai thang i ttfclng i do ngii Ioai [ do ne'u | quan bie'n I big^n loai bie'n , - t^ng Lcnl 142.78 i 601,831 Lcn2 142,83! 599.202
.514 .528 Lcn3 142,37 i 603,975 ; Lcn4 142,51 600,504 Lcn5
Lcn6 Lcn7 i Lcn8 Lcn9 LcnlO Lcnll Qkgl Qkg2
142,45 142.39 142,43 142.39 142.33 142.26 142.33 141,08 142,20
601.398 600,370 595,592 600.233 593.291 596,222 597.987 603,371 583,576
,539!
,517 .595 1 ,520 .670 ,635 ,5971 ,5671 ,655 Qkg3 142,00
Qkg4 141,53 QkgS 141,14 Qkg6 141,16 Qkg7 141,47
587,385 . 597,774
,487 ,533 .539 .517 .595 .520 .670 ,635 ,597 ,567 ,655 ,664 ,603 I 605.622
608,823 .485 596,417 i ,619 Tcql 142,191 602,724 ,491 Tcq2 141,85 604,232 .508 Tcq3
Tcq4
142.02 142,30 TcqS 142.40
603,430 600.090
,493 ,477 598.935 ,476 Htkl 142.12 602,869 .477 Htk2
Htk3 Htk4 HtkS Lptl
141.25 141,66 141,34 141,34 141,15
603,854 j 601,419 609,060' 602,777 1 602,357 1
,498 ,474 ,443 ,557 [ ,6101 Upt2
upta
Upt4
141,18 141.14 142,22 j
612,720 604.554 583,300 1
.416 ,533;
,659 1
khu vtfc, vung) la bie'n Htk4 (Ciing cac doanh ngMep khac cam ket dam bao dem lai ldi ich cho cac ben httu quan bao gom ca dan ctf sinh sd'ng ttong va ngoai khu cdng nghiep) vdi he so ttfdng quan bie'n - tdng la 0,443;
Tha'p nha't cua thang do Upt (CMnh sach tfu tien phat tiien xanh, ben vttng) la bie'n Upt2 (Doanh nghiep da dang ky nhan bieu xanh, sinh thai (Green - Eco Labels) cho cac san pham, dich vu cua minh) vdi he so tttdng quan bie'n tdng la 0,416 (Bang 4).
Kiem dinh md hinh hdi quy
Ke't qua phan tich cac he so hdi quy ttong Bang 5 cho tha'y, cd stt tdn tai cua 4 trong tdng so 5 nhan td den TTX ve cd che, cbinh sach ciia tinh Long An la:
Thttc Men cac quy dinh va cac cbinh sach cua Nha nttde va dia phtfdng (Len), Quy hoach va bao ve khdng gian xanh (Qkg), Hdp tac khu vtfc - vung (Htk), Chinb sach tfu tien pbat trien xanh, ben vttng (Upt). Rieng nban td Trinh dp can bd quan ly (Tcq) cd gia tii rat nhd (0,03)
\'di mtte y nghia la 0,967 > 0,05, nen khdng cd y ngMa thd'ng ke va can loai bd khdi md binh.
Nhtt vay, md hinb cac nhan td anh htfdng den TTX ve cd che, cbinh sach tai tinh Long An cd dang:
Y (TTX ti-ong ca che, chinh sdch) = 0,178*Lcn -t- 0,256*Qkg + 0,2*Htk + 0,123*Upt
Kiem dinh gid thuyet
HO: Khdng cd stf khac biet cd y nghia gitta cac bien ddc lap tdn tai ttong md hinb, ttte cac ye'u td' Qkg, Htk, Len, Upt khdng cd y ngMa tac ddng de'n TTX ve cd che', chinh sach.
HI: Cd stf khac biet cd y nghta gitta cac bien ddc lap tdn tai ttong md hinh, ttte cac ye'u td' Qkg. Htk, Len, Upt cd y ngMa tac ddng de'n TTX \ e cd che, chinb sach.
Stt dung kiem dinh T-test. ta cd gia tri thd'ng ke T cua nhan td'TTittc Men cac quy dinh cua NTia nttde & dia phtfPng (Len) bang 2,848 (Sig. = 0,005); nban td Quy hoach va bao ve khdng gian xanh (Qkg) la 4,420 (Sig,
= 6,000); nban td Hdp tac khu vtfc vung (Htk) la 3,446 (Sig, = 0,001); nhan td' CMnb sach tfu tien pbat trien xanh, ben vttng la 2,699 (Sig, = 0,007), Ta tha'y, ta't ca cac gia tri thd'ng ke T > 1,969 (tra bang phan phdi T vdi a = 0,05 va 266 bac ttt do), vdi mtfc y ngbia Sig. < 0,05.
BANG 5: HE SO HOI QOY Coefficients''
Model Unstandardized Standardized j T Sig. Unstandardized Standardized j Coefficients Coefficients
Collinearity Statistics 1
1 (Constant Len Qkg Tcq Htk Upt a. Dependent b. Predictors:
B 1 1 1.228
,136, , .220
,0021 ,192!
,13i;
Std. Beta 1 1
E r r o r , 1 ,227; 5.419' .000
.048 i ,178 2,848' .005 ,050 j .256 4,420, .000 ,057! ,003' .042' .967 ,056; .200 3.446 ,001 ,049; .123:2,6991 ,007 Variable: tang truong xanh trong co che. chinh sa (Constant). Len. Qkg, Tcq. Htk. Upt
Tolerance
.552 .708 .324 ,605 .655 :h
VIF
1.843 1,453 1,089!
1,469 1.527
Nguon: Tinh toan C'J3 ' a c g^e Nguon
Econom% and Forecast Review
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Do do, ta bac bd gia thuyet HO va chap nhan gia thuye't HI, ttfc cd stf khac bidt cd y nghia gitta cac bid'n ddc lap tdn tai ttong md hinh,
MQT SO KET LUAN VA DE XUAT
Ke't qua md Mnh bdi quy ttong Bang 5 cbo tha'y, thdng qua cac ttpng so hdi quy chuan hda Beta (Standardized Coefficients), nhan to tac ddng manh nha't de'n TTX ve cd che, cWnh sach la Quy hogch vd hdo ve khdng gian xanh (ttpng sdBeta la 0,220; Sig, = 0,000 < 0,05, rat cd y ngMa); tac ddng manh thtt hai la Hgp tdc khu vffe - vung (ttpng sdBeta la 0,192; Sig. = 0,001 < 0,05, rat cd y ngMa);
tac ddng manh thtt ba la Thffc Men cdc quy dinh vd chinh sdch cua Nhd nUdc, dia phuang (ttpng so Beta la 0,136;
sig.= 0,005 < 0,05, rat cd y ngMa); tac ddng manh thtt ttt la Chinh sdch Uu tien phdt triin xanh, bin vffng (ttpng so Beta la 0,131; Sig. = 0,007< 0,05), rat cd y nghta.
He so xac dinh R^ (R-square) cua md binh bdi quy dttdc the Men ttong Bang 6 chi ra rang, 4 nhfin td (cac bie'n ddc lap) da giai thich dttdc 68% stt bien ddng cua bie'n phu thupc. Ndi each khac, 68% stt bien dpng trong TTX ve cd che', chinh sach tai tinh Long An bi chi phd'i bdi 4 ye'u to lan Ittdt theo mtte tac dpng giam dan la:
Thttc Men cac quy dinh, cbinh sach cua Nha nttde va dia phttdng; Quy hoach va bao ve khdng gian xanh; Hdp tac khu vtfc viing; Cbinh sach tfu tien phat trie'n xanh va ben vttng. Cdn lai 32% stt chi phd'i bdi cac ye'u td' khac khdng nam trong md hinh nay.
Nhtt vay, de dat TTX ve cd che', chinh sach, UBND Tinh, Ban Quan ly Khu Kinh te' va cac cd quan quan ly nha nttde cd hen quan tai Long An can tap trung vao cac giai phap sau:
Uu tien sd I cho quy hogch vd bdo ve khdng gian xanh. Trong dd, d cac doanb nghiep, viec xay dttng cac cdng trinh phuc vu cho san xua't, kinh doanh va td chttc khdng gian xanh phai dam bao nguyen tac hai hda, diing quy dinh. Cac doanh nghiep can dau ttt cdng nghe, ky
thuat tien tien giam ehi pU va giam cac chat ddc hai cho mdi trtfdng sdng, stt dung nhien lieu sach than thidn vdi mdi trttdng, khi xay ra vi pham khdng gian xanh cln cd giai phap xtt ly kip thdi va hidu qua,
Uu tien sd2 cho hgp tdc khu vffe, vting.
Cu the, cac doanh nghiep ttong va ngoai khu edng nghiep lien kdt chat che vdi nhau, cam ket cung nhau thifc Men diing cac quy dinh ve phat trien ben vttng, cam ket cung nhau dem lai ldi ich cbo cac ben httu quan ttong va ngoai khu cdng nghiep, nhat la dan ctt sinh sd'ng ttong va ngoai KCCN, Ddng thdi, cac doanh nghiep cilng cac cd quan biJu quan can thiet ISp he thd'ng thdng tin lien lac diing thdng tin, minh bach thdng tin.
Uu tien sd3 cho thffc Men cdc quy dinh vd chlnh sdch c&a Nhd nudc, dia phuang.
Cu the, doanh nghidp can dtfdc khuye'n khich chil ddng tie'p cSn vdi thdng tin cua dia phtfdng va Nha ntfdc ve TTX, ben vttng; td chtfe cac Idp hpc dao tao ky nang quan ly; xay dtfng bd tidu cW de danh gia mtfc dp TTX; ban banh tieu chi thtfdng phat phan minb de kbuyd'n khfch - han che cac hanh vi bao vd/vi pham nguyen tac TTX.
Uu tien sd 4 Id chlnh sdch dugc tiip can vd xdy dffng theo hudng phdt trien xanh, bin vffng. De tfii tien nay dat dtfdc phat huy can chu trpng de'n viec khuyen khich cac doanh nghiep dat ldi icb cua doanh nghiep htfdng vao TTX, ben vttng, nhtt: dang ky san pham cua doanh nghiep vao hang muc san pham xanh, sach, hang nam cd khoan kinh phi danh cho cac boat dpng mdi trttdng, hoan tMen cdng tac.Q
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1. Thu Mdng CMnh phu (2012). Quyit dinh sd 1393/QD-TTg, ngdy 25/9/2012 phe duyet Chiin luac Qudc gia vi tdng trudng xanh
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