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Cdng nghd thdng tin (CNTT) Id ngdnh khoa hoc nghidn cuu ve cau true, tinh chat vd cdc qud trinh xiii ly thdng tin mdt cdch tu ddng dua trdn cdc phuong tien ky thudL Tin hpc Id mot ngdnh khoa lioc trd, mdi hinh thdnh vd phdt trien trong miy thap ky qua. Dac bidt til dau nhimg nam 80 cua the ky truoc, cung vdi su phdt trien cua may vi tinh, mang mdy tinh vd gan day Id mang Intemet, tin hgc da phdt trien rit manh vd trd nen khdng t h i thilu trong moi iinh vuc cua dcri sing xa hdi.
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ac trung quantrong cua tin hpc la stJ truydn va xu ly thdng tin mdt each tu ddng. Vide xu Iy thdng tin trude day chua ddt ra van dl ty ddng hda va con ngudi ludn gdn liin vdi mpi thao tac trong qua trinh xri ly thong tin. D l dat dupe phuong thric tu ddng hda phai cd cac phuong tidn ky thudt, ma quan trpng nha't la may tfnh didn tu (MTDT).
Phuong tien ky thudt vua la cdng cu vria la dd'i tupng nghien criu cua tin hpc.
Ngay tri khi ra ddi, tin hpc da phat triln theo hai bd phdn hpp thanh chri yeu la:
bao dam toan hpc, thudt toan, chuong trinh (phdn mim) va cac thiet bj tinh toan, lun tru, truyin ddn thdng tin (phdn cring).
Xudt phat tu yeu cdu cap thie't cria thyc tiin, cac don vj thu vien d nudc ta vdn cdn quan ly theo phuong thric truyin thdng. Dd la each quan ly va luu trri tren gidy td, sd sach. Phuong thuc nay
cd rd^t nhieu han chl^. Dl quan ly dupe ddy du, chi tiet, va chinh xac, hang ndm, thu vidn phai mat mdt khoan chi phi kha ldn cho vide mua nguydn hdu (gidy td, sd sach, tu lieu). Hon nua, do ddc diem chdt lieu giay rdt nhanh hdng, phai thudng xuydn thay the, ndng cap, mdi ldn thay ddi la mdt ldn phai sao chip sd sach, bao quan tu lieu, tdn kem ca vl chi phi dau tu, vua mat nhiiu thdi gian va sue luc. Hoat ddng quan ly, tra cuat theo each trdn cung chidm rat nhiiu thdi gian, cong sric cria ca ngudi thu thu ldn ban dpc ma hidu qua dat dupe lai khdng cao. Trong diiu kidn trinh dd khoa hpc cdng nghd cdn kem, nhung thanh tint cua nd chua dri de dap ring cho nhu cdu ring dung, phuong thric quan ly truydn thd'ng xet d phuong didn nao dd cung da phat huy tac dung va giu mdt vat trd quan trpng.
Ngay nay, cudc each mang khoa hpc cdng nghd va nhung thanh tuu cria nd dang
l!5|Sd301 mThang 7-2009
gdp phdn lam bidn ddi nhanh chdng va sdu sdc mpi mdt cua ddi sdng xa hdi, trd thanh cong cu khdng the thidu trong nhiiu linh vyc hoat ddng nhu: ring dung trong cdng tac quan ly, nghidn cun, hd trp cdng tac chuydn mdn va trao ddi thdng tin. Ddc bidt, nd cang trd ndn quan Upng ddi vdi cac nganh lien quan tdi tri thric, thdng tin, tu lieu,... Hoat dpng thu vien cung thay ddi theo dl ring nhu cdu cria ngudi dung tin ngay cang da dang, phong phri. Nhan thric dupe tdm quan trpng ay cac cdng ty tin hpc trong nudc da nghien crin va phat triln cac phdn mim thu vien dien tri tfch hpp nhdm phuc vu cho cdng cudc tin hpc hda, hien dai hda he thdng thu vien Viet Nam. Dang kl nhdt la mdt sd phdn mim sau: Phdn mim Libol cua Cdng ty tin hpc Tinh Vdn, phdn mim Ilib cua Cdng ty may tfnh va truyin thdng CMC va Veblary cua Cdng ty Lac Viet.
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TLf LI$U TRONG NLfdC Ddc diim ndi bat cria phdn mim thu vien dien tri la tudn thri cac quy trinh nghiep vu, cac chudn thu vien, cong nghe thong tin va kha ndng triy bien cao. Cac quy trinh nghiep vu bao gdm cac hoat ddng nghiep vu cria thu vien tri khdu bd sung tu lieu cho din khi tu lieu de'n tay dpc gia. Kha ndng triy biin la kha ndng tao ra cac djnh dang cho cac san phdm thu muc tri dri lieu bien muc mdt each trie thdi ma khong can thay ddi ma ngudn.
Vdi thie't ke theo mo hinh chri/khach (client/server) hien dai, sri dung giao dien web, phan mim nay cho phep may tram - vdi gan nhu bat ky cdu hinh nao, khai thae he thdng hieu qua. Viec chpn lya cdu hinh may chri va he quan trj CSDL phu thupc vao dd ldn cua thu vien: sd lupng an pham, sd lupng ddc gia can quan ly, lupng giao djch trong mdt ngay,... Phan mim da hoat ddng dn djnh
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THdMC TIM VAN H 6 A N G H ^ THI IAT vdi nhiiu md hinh thu vien cd dp ldn khae nhau, su dung cac he thd'ng nin khae nhau, vdi he quan trj CSDL MS SQL server va DB2, U-dn he dieu hanh MS Wmdows NT/2(XX) va Linux, la nhring he quan tri CSDL va hd dieu hanh phd bidn tai Viet Nam.
Ngoai ra cdn cac tinh nang ndi bat niia la giao didn thdn thien va dd su dung; he thdng tich hpp, tu ddng hda dupe mpi hoat ddng nghidp vu cua thu vidn truyin thd'ng; trao ddi dupe du hdu hdn thdng giua cac thu vidn thdng qua trao ddi biiu ghi thu muc; hd trp tidng Viet day du theo chudn Unicode, TCVN3; cd kha ndng nhap/xuat du hdu vdi CDS/ISIS; tich hpp ma vach trong hoat ddng nghiep vu; chuyin ddi giua cac phan he trong he thdng mdt each dl dang; cd kha nang triy bie'n; tich hpp vdi mpi dang du lieu so hda;
quan ly cac dri hdu sd hda - cho phep sd hda, bien muc, quan ly truy nhdp cac dang tai hdu:
vdn ban, hinh anh, dm thanh, video - hudng di mai cho thu vien hidn dai; thidt ke theo hudng md, de dang tfch hpp them cac phan he mdi.
Vdi cong cu tao bao cao ddc biet, phdn mim cho phep ngudi dring djnh dang mpt sd lupng khong han chi cac dang bao cao hnh dpng, cac khudn dang san phdm ddu ra (ca hinh thric va ndi dung) nhu phich, danh muc, the dpc, thu tri, gidy bao,... ma khdng cdn can thiep vao ma ngudn cua phdn mim. Hd trp chudn bien muc MARC21, UNIMARC, AACR-2, ISBD, cho phep tao ra nhiiu khung bien muc khae nhau dya tren tap hpp day dri cac trudng cua khuon mdu bien muc MARC21. Tfnh tuong tac vdi ngudi dring cao, ddy la tfnh nang ma cac ring dung web khong cd dupe. Vf du he thd'ng hd trp girip dd ngudi dung va MARC21 trong qua U-inh bien muc; hd U-p cac khung phdn loai thdng dung nhu DDC, BBK, NLM, LOC, UDC, subject headings; nhap/xuat dri hdu theo khd mdu chudn U-ao ddi ISO 2709, MARC21; lidn kdt vdi cac thu vidn va tai nguydn thdng tin true tuydn Udn intemet qua giao thric chudn trao ddi truy van thdng tui Z39.50 va OAI-PMH;
mupn lien thu vien theo giao thric ISO 1060/10161, su dung djnh dang ma hda du
hdu BER/MIME; tfch hpp vdi cac thi^t hi ma vach, the til va RFID; tich hpp vdi thiet hi mupn tra tu ddng theo chuan SIP 2. Hd trp da ngu Unicode vdi du hdu va giao didn lam vide; hd tro cac bang ma tieng Vidt nhu TCVN 5712, VNI, TCVN 6909; cdng cu xdy dung, quan ly va khai thae kho tai nguydn sd;
xudt ban cac co sd dii hdu hodc thu muc trdn dia CD; tim kiem toan vdn, kha ndng tuy bil^a cao, bao mat va phan quyen chdt che; thdng kd tra cihi da dang, chi tidt va true quan phuc vu mpi nhdm dd'i tupng; kha nang quan ly co sd du hdu ldn, trdn CSDL DB2 cua IBM, thich ring vdi hang tram tridu bieu ghi, hoat ddng bin bi, an toan; hd trp he quan tri co sd du hdu Oracle hoac Microsoft SQL Server;
khai thae va trao ddi thdng tin qua web, thu didn tu, GPRS (didn thoai di ddng) va thiit bi hd trp ngudi khidm thi; tuong thich vdi ca md hinh kho ddng va kho md, hd trp he thdng thu vidn nhidu kho, diem luu thdng. Ngoai vide bao mat mric CSDL va he diiu hanh, he thdng cd kha nang han che ngudi dung truy cdp tri mdt hodc nhiiu may tram nhd't dinh, tang kha ndng bao mat cua he thdng.
Ddc bidt phan hd d^n pham didn tu cua cac phdn mim cho phep bidn muc & phim didn tu, du' hdu §d six dtang Metadata gdm 15 trudng Dubhn Core. Trong cac trudng cdn cd cac trudng con de bidn mtic chi tiet cho tai lieu. Tuy vao timg lai hinh tai hdu ma chung ta su dung cac trudng chinh va cac trudng con cho phri hpp: DC. Creater (tac gia), DC. Title (nhan dl), DC. Subject (chu dl), DC.
Contributor (cpng tac, ddng gdp), DC. Date (ndm xudt ban), DC. Pubhsher (nha xudt ban), DC. Description (trich din, Uich ylu ndi dung), DC. Series/no (tung thu/ sd tung thu), DC. Identifiers (nhdn dang), DC. Type (kiiu tai lieu), DC. Language (ngdn ngii), DC. Format (dinh dang), DC. Coverage (hdn kdt toan van), DC. Source (ngudn tai hdu), EXT. Right (quyen tac gia).
Ben canh nhiing mdt dat dupe ctia phdn mim thu vidn didn ttjr u'ch hpp, tac gia xin dd xuat mdt sd giai phap cho nhring phdn mim nay uong tuong lai. D&c thu cua nganh th&ig
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TLT LI$U TRONG NLf(^C tin thu vidn ngay nay la chia se thdng hn Udn
pham vi toan cdu thdng qua cdng nghd mdi sri dung Uong phdn mem thu vidn didn tri tfch hpp:
Phdn mim thu vidn didn tri tich hpp phai la chuin trdn pham vi toan cdu.
Phdn mim thu vidn didn tu tfch hop gdn lidn vdi cdng nghd thdng tin, ndn chuin thdng tin thu vidn la chuin cua cdng nghd mdi nhu cdng nghd ma vach, cdng nghd nhdn dang qua sdng radio (RFID). Mdt sd chuan ky thudt CO ban cua CNTT nhu: TCP/IP Z39.50, HTTP HTML, OPAC.
Phdn mim thu vidn trong tuong lai vdi phdn hd dn phim didn tri hoan toan cd thi quan ly mdt lupng tai nguydn sd da dang (dm thanh, hinh anh, video, text) vdi dung lupng khdng Id va kha ndng luu trii phdn tan. Vdi phdn hd nay, cac thu vidn hoan toan cd thi thuc hidn mua ban, trao ddi va cung cdp tai lidu didn tri mdt each dd dang... thOng qua chuin bidn muc Dublin Core (15 ydu td) va Bibliographic Metadata.
Cac phdn mim thu vidn phai lidn kdt vdi nhau dl xdy dyng cac phdn hd thdng nljd't, ddc bidt la:
Tidn trinh chpn lua va xac djnh nhring ylu td cdn thid't cua hd thdng quan ly thu vidn tich hpp.
Thu vidn hpp tac vdi cdng ty phdn mim nhd, nhung manh vl kha ndng tai chinh dl cung nhau phat triln hd thdng phdn mim quan ly thu vidn tfch hpp cho thu vidn minh.
Thu vidn hpp tac vdi c6ng ty phdn mim ldn nghidn curu, cai ddt va phat triln mpt phdn mim thu vidn da cd sdn cho phri hpp vdi nhu cdu thu vidn.
Chpn mdt vai cdng ty cung cdp phdn mim; cai ddt nhung phdn mim quan ly nay d mdt sd thu vidn; chpn phdn mim thich hpp sau mdt thdi gian thu nghidm hodc duy tri su hpp tac giua cac cdng ty phdn mim dl tdng hcrp cac tfnh ndng manh cua mdi phdn mim.
Danh gia ky ludng cac phdn mim; chpn phdn mim tdi uu; thu vidn cring cdng ty phdn mim thudng xuydn hpp tac danh gia, chinh sua va ndng cdp; chpn lya thdi diim cai ddt va su dung mdt phdn mim thd'ng nhdt tai tiit ca cac thu vidn •
D.TV
TId Ii0u tham khao
1. D6 Ti6n Vuong, Nghiin cihi img dung phdn mim Ilib tai TT Thdng tin - Thu viin BHGTVT, 2007.
2. Doin Phan Tin, Tin hpc hda trong hoat ddng thdng tin - thu viin, Nxb DHQGHN, Hi N6i, 2001.
3. Trudng DH Giao thdng Van tii HN, Du in Xdy dung thu viin dien tu - thu viin sdnMm ndng cao ndng luc ddo tao, nghiin ciiu khoa hpc ciia trudng DHGTVT, 2004.
4. COng ty miy tinh truydn thOng CMC, Cdch si dung phdn m£m lUB, Hh N6i, 10 Itr.
5. Le van Vift, Qud trinh tin hpc hda thu viin Qudc gia, ky y^fu Hdi thdo dng dung CNTT irong cdng tdc thu viin nhdm ndng cao chdi luang phuc vu nhu cdu nghiin ciiu KH vd CN, T m T L KH vi CNQG, Hi N6i, 2002, tr.96-104.
6. Doin Phan Tin, Thdng tin hpc, Nxb DHQGHN, Hi N6i, 2001, 337tr.
7. Dinh Qu^ XuSn, ling dung CNTT mdi vdo hoat ddng thdng Hn - Thu viin d Viit Nam, Bio cio h6 thao thOng tin v£ thi trudng lao ddng.
8. Nguyfa van Toin, Mang mdy tinh, Nxb DHGTVT. Hi NOi, 2004,142tr.
9. COng ty tin hoc Tmh Vin, Cdch sd dung phdn mem Libol, Hi NOi, 88tr.
10. Vilasal, Di xudt vdn di chudn hda thu viin. Ban tin thu vien - cOng nghe thOng tin, 2008, tr.2-5.
11. Nguyfa Tieh Difc, Xdy dung Thu viin diin t& vd vdn di sd hda ldi Uiu d Viit Nam, Tap chf Thdng tin &
Tulifu, s6 2-2005, tr.14-18.
12. Ta Bi Hung, Phdt triin n^i dung sdd Viit Nam: nhSmg nguyin tdc chi dao. Tap chf Thdng tin & Tu Iiiu, t61-2000, tr.2-6.
SdSOl Thing 7-2009
