HQl NGHI KHOA HQC T O A N Q U 6 C V E SINH T H A I V A T A I N G U Y E N SINH VAT L A N THU 5____
THONG XUAN NHA, Pinus aff. armandii Franch., MOT LOAI THONG NAM LA M 6 I GHI NHAN DUOfC
CHO HE T H 6 N G VIET NAM
NGUYEN D i r c T 6 LUt/, PHAN VAN THANG,]
DANG XUAN TRU'CTNG, HA CONG LIEM Trung tdm Con ngu&i vd Thien nhien.
Lien hiip cdc Hdi Khoa hoc vd Ky thugt VietNam PHAN KE L O C Truang Dgi hgc Khoa hoc tir nhiin.
Dgi hgc Qudc gia Hd Ngi He Thdng Viet Nam bao gdm khoing 32-34 loai, trong dd cd 2 loai thdng nim la (Hiep et al. 2004). Thdng da lat Pimi.s dalalensis de Ferre la loai die hftu ciia cac tieu viing dja ly thyc vat Trung va Nam Trirdng San (gdm ci mgt phan sirdn Tay tren dat Lao), mpc d cac dai nui thap va nui trung binh tren san phim phong hda cua da khdng vdi vi Thdng pi cd Pinus kwangiungensis Chun ex Tsiang mpc d nhieu khu virc da vdi tir phia Bac xuong den diem tin cimg la Thanh Hda. Le Trin Chan ciing ddng nghiep (2012) da phat hien dugc mot loai thdng nim la thd ba d 2 diem thudc Khu Bao tdn thien nhien hay cdn gpi la Khu Dy trCr thien nhien (KDTTN) Xuin Nha (Son La) va xac dinh ten khoa hpc Ii Pinus armandii Franch. Tiep theo Nguyen Ddc Td Luu ciing ddng nghiep thu thip dugc them mgt s6 din lieu mdi ve loii niy cung tai diem ke tren, xac djnh Ioai di me va chap nhin ten khoa hgc nhu Le Tran Chan va ddng nghiep da xic dinh, nhung da chi ra cd the day la thu mdi do cd ta dii ban va ru xudng.
Muc dich cua nghien cdu nay li thu thap them mdt sd din lieu mdi ve hinh thii, sinh thii va sinh hpc ciia ta.\on thdng lg niy.
L THOI GIAN VA PHU'aNG PHAP NGHIEN CUtJ
Da td chirc 2 dgt nghien cuu bd sung vao diu va giua thing 4/2013, phat hien dugc 3 tieu quan the quanh cac diem da bilt trudc day. Ciing vdi hai dgt nghien cuu trudc vao thing 12/2012 tdng cpng di thu thap dugc 14 sd hieu mau vat vdi diy dii cac bd phan tiJ cinh mang cic chdi la, Ii non va Ii gia, ndn hgt phin, ndn hat vdi cac tudi khac nhau, viy hgt va hgt.
Bdngl Mpt sd dan lieu ve cic mau vat da thu thaip va dirge nghien ciru
M l u vat P.V.Thang e( al. 005 N.D.T. Liru e( al. 024 P.K Loc e t a / , P11077
P K Loc elal. P11078
Dja d i e m , no'i s 6 n g Chigng Xuan, nui Kho H6ng.
da cat & p h i i n , dircrng dinh nui Chieng Xuan, nCii Mang N i / 6 ^ , da c i t & p h i l n , du-ong dinh nui Chieng Xuan. nui Kho H6ng, da cat S phien, difc/ng dinh nui Chieng Xuan, nui Kho H6ng.
da cat & phi^n, dircmg dinh nOi S o v i (B]
20°42'11"
20°42'07"
20°42'11"
20''42'10"
D o k i n h (D)
104''4104- 1 0 4 ' ' 4 r i 2 - 104*41 W 104'41'04-
D o c a o '
949 1000 949 955
K i c h thuo'c •"
25 X 0,28 32-35 X 0,55
25 « 0,28 25 X 0,45
Ng4y_
thu mdu
04.12 2012 13.12.2012
16 04.2013 16 04.2013
uni NGHI KHOA HQC TOAN QUOC VS SINH THAI VA TAl NGUYfiN SINH VAT LAN THU 5
b
1
' • "
i i a u v f t ' p.K.L«c e( at. P11079
P.K. LOC e,al,P11™0
PK-LOc eta/., P11081
P.K.L4crf 8/., P11082 PK.L4C efa/.. P11084
P.K. LOC e(a/., P11085
P.K.L$c eta/, P11086
P.K10C e(s/-, P11087
P.K. L«c eta/, P110B8
P.KL5C e(fl/.P11089
D[a di§m, n e i 56ng Chiang Xuan, nili Kho H i n g . aA cdt & p h i i n , du-crng dinh nui Chiing XuSn. niii Kho H i n g , da c ^ & p h i i n . ai/ffng dinh nui Chiing XuSn, nui Mang Niroc.
da dX & phiin, di/ong dinh nui Chiing Xudn, niii Mang Nucrc.
d5 c4t 8. p h i i n . dirdmg dinh nOi Chiing Xuan. nui P c mu.
Si c&l & p h i i n , d u ^ n g dinh ni^i Chiing XuSn, nui Pa mu, Si cAl & phiin, ducyng dinh nui Chieng XuSn, nCi Pa mu, SA cit & phiin, d u v n g dinh niiii Chieng XuSn, nui Po- mu.
da c i t & p h i l n , du-crng dinh nui Chiing Xuan, nui Po- mu, da cat & phien, du-cng dinh nui Chiing XuSn, nOi Po- mu, da cat & philn, du-o'ng dinh niii
D p vT (B)
20*42'10"
20'42'10"
2 0 * 4 2 ' 0 r
20°42'05"
20°4Z13-
20°42'13'
20°42'13"
20*'42-13-
20°42'13"
20°4213"B D o k i n h (D)
1 0 4 ° 4 r 0 4 -
104'4V04"
104-41 •12'
104*41 •OB"
104°40'54'
104°40'54"
104'40'54"
104°40'54''
104°40'54"
104*40'54"
D o cao *
956
957
1000
1002
1010
1010
1010
1010
1010
1010
Kich thiro'c "
22 X 0,38
25 X 0,42
32-35 X 0.55
30 X 0,75-0,8
35 X 0.9
35 X 0,9
35 X 0,45
25 > 0,65
30 X 0,5
30 X 0,45 Ngay t h u m i u 16 04 2013
16.04 2013
17.04 2013
17 04 2013
18.04.2013
18 04.2013
18 04 2013
18 04 2013
18 04 2013
18 04 2013
Ghichu: *: So vdi m5t bien (m), *•: Chieu cao, dudng kinh ngang ngyc (m).
n . KET QUA NGHIEN CUtJ 1. Mpt so die diem hinh thai
Ciy gd thudng xanh, cao den 25-30m vdi dudng kinh than ngang nguc den 0,7-0,9m, cd khi han, Vd than mau niu thim, day, bong thanh cic minh hinh chu nhat dpc; Idp vd sdng mdng, mau trang trang, chat sgi. Tan cay hinh ndn khi non, hinh d khi gia. Chdi ddng hinh thap h?p, mau nau dd, hai cd nhua. Canh mang la nhin. Cac bd la tap trung thinh tum d dau cinh. Mdi bd gdm 5 la, co (I I-)15-2I (-23)cm x 1-1,5mm, cd mat cit ngang hinh lam giac, minh, hai van; bd mgch mdt, dng nhua dau 3 (-7), d giua hay 2 dng d phin ngoai. Cac bd la xde ra vi rdi quap ngupe lai treo thong, cd rang nhd min d mep. Be gdc la rung sdm. Ndn hgt phan mau nau do dd, mpc chum lgi thanh bdng (cd khi dai den 2-5cm) tren canh nhd nam thir nhat, khdng cuong, hudng Ien, map, hinh trung-elip hay trung-thudn, 7-8 x 2,5-3m[n. Ndn hat dan dpc, cd khi mgc ddi 2, hay mpc vong 3-4, khi chin tao nen vdi canh mgt gdc it nhieu 90 , CO cudng ca 1,8-2,2 x 0,7-0,9cm, tu md ngay d tren cay de hat rung xudng, mau niu tham, hinh trirng hoi dai, khi md cd 9-11 x 0,55-0,7cm. Vay hat hinh trung ngugc-thoi, d giua ndn cd 2,7-3,0 X 2,6-2,Scm. Mat viy hat hinh thoi hay tam giac, khdng cd gd ldi, chdp tii trdn, tit ca deu hai cugn ngugc ra ngoii; rdn miu den den. Hgt mau xam den. hinh trirng ngugc-hep, hoi d?t, cd 12 X 6 X 4mm, mang cinh tieu giam manh, cd khi chi cdn mot gd d mep xa true;
vd hgt diy.
HOl NGH! KHOA HQC T O A N Q U O C V £ SINH THAl VA TAl NGUYEN SINH VAT L A N T H U ^
Hinh I. Thdng xudn nha Pinus aff. armandii Franch.
a Khu Dir iru Ihien nhien Xudn Nha. huyin Mgc Chdu, tinh San La
I. Canh quan va rimg nguyen sinh d phan Ddng nOi Pha Luong, noi da g i p cac tieu quan thi Thdngxudn nha {dnh HCLiem); 2 & 3. Rimg mgt uu thi Thdngxudn nha (anh H.C.Liem); 4 & 5. Cay trong riing {dnh N.D.T. Luu); 6. Miu vat kho; 7. Chdi dong; 8. V6 than {dnh N.D. T.Luu); 9. Ndn hat phin da phong thich hit hgt phin; lO-I I. Ndn hgt cac tudi khac nhau; 12. Chdp viy hgt cupn ra ngoii; 13. Ndn hat chin tir mdUen cay va d l hat rai ra ngoai; 14. Viy hat (nhin mSt ngoai); 15. Viy hgt vdi hai hgt lep (nhin mJit trong); 16.
Vay hat vdi mot hat lep va vj ui ciia hat miy da rung (nhin mgt trong); 17. Vay hgt mang 2 hat miy (nhin mat trong); 18. Hat; 19. Cay chit khd d khoang chua din 50 tudi; 20. Cay chit vS srnn bj myc toan bd phin giac va ca mot phin ldi; 21. Cay ma khoing 2-3 thing tudi (a. Cac anh khong ghi ten ngudi chup do Phan Kl Loc chup; b. Cac anh tij 4 din 7 chup vao thang 12/2012. cac inh cdn lai chyp vAo thing 4/2013).
HOI NGHI KHOA HQC T O A N Q U 6 C V £ SINH T H A I V A T A I NGUYEN SINH VAT L A N THlJ 5 Tit ca miu vat do chiing tdi thu dugc d 3 tieu quin the deu gidng het nhau, thudc ve cung
*t taxon. Chiing gan gidng nhat vdi P. armandii a chd la tap hgp thanh bd 5 la, vay cd mat d rf'nh h?* CO canh tieu giim manh vi vd day (xem hinh).
I Nhung chiing Igi khac d Ii dai hem (khdng phai chi 8-15cm) va chdp vay hat ludn hai quip f- ogji gidng nhu d P. fenzeliana. Nhu vay cd the thiy tit c i mau thu dupe d Xuan Nha chi oan vdi P. armandii Franch., tgm dat ten la Thdng xudn nha Pinus aff. armandii Franch. Cin I hit) tuc nghien cuu sau hen ve hinh thai va ca sinh hgc phin tu de xac dinh dung vi tri va mdi i quan h? ciia taxon thdng nim la Ig nay.
' 2. Hi|o tirgng hpc
Thy phin vao cic thing2-3; hgt chin sau gan 2 nam (17-18 thing) vao khoing cic thing 9-10.
j 3.NffisoDg
I Mgc thanh cic quan xa thuan logi, rat it khi xen Ian mpt sd Ioai thdng khic nhu Pa mu I Fokienia hodginsii, Thdng tre li vua Podocarpus annamensis, Thdng ldng gi Dacrycarpus ' imbricatus hay mpt sd loii cay la rgng nhung khdng tao thanh riing ram, dgc dudng dinh mii da ' cit-philn set thoat nude d dp cao khoang 900-1050m. Rat it gap cay ma hay cay con tai sinh tu ' rhifin. Cd the giii thich la hat rai khdi qua nd bung xudng dit cd le bi cac loai gam nham an het, j than mpt vii cay ma bj siu in giy; mdt sd hgt vin nam lai trong qua rung xudng dat, sau can mua dau miia thi niy mim, nhung bj chet sdm vi re khdng the dam qua viy hat day hda gd
! xulng den dat.
4. Phin bo
Chi mdi gap d Xuin Nha, vimg sudn Ddng khdi nui Pha Ludng. Cung cd kha nang gap d phan sudn Tiy day Pha Ludng, noi cdn rirng tren dat Lao.
5. Cdng dung
Gd giic sdm bj muc rudng. Gd loi cung cd chit lugng kem, de bi mdi mgt, chi ddi khi dimg de xiy d^ng nha Ian tam thdi.
6. Hien tr^ng bao ton
M|c dau phin bd hep, cd sd lupng ci the trudng thinh khdng qua 150, nhung tam xep vao thir hgng NT gin bj tuypt chiing.
m . K t l LUAN
Ket qua nghien ciru 14 sd hipu mau vit Thdng xuan nha thu thip dugc tir 3 tieu quin the d phan Ddng niii Pha Ludng cho thiy, chimg rit gidng nhau, gan nhat vdi Pinus armandii Franch.
cd ranh gidi cue Nam d tinh Van Nam (Trung Quoc), each xa vai tram kilomet ve phia Bac nhung phin biet bdi la dai hon, thudng 15-2lcm {khdng phai 8-15cm), ndn hat chin md hinh trung-elip (khdng phai hinh ndn-tru) vi chdp vay hgt ludn ludn hoi cugn ngugc ra ngoii. Cin tiep tyc nghien cuu sau ban ve hinh thai va ca sinh hpc phan tir de xic djnh dimg vi tri va mdi quan h? cua taxon Thdng nim Ii lg niy.
TAI UEU THAM KHAO
I Le Iran Chin, Nguyen Hfru Tir, Nguyin Vilt Lirong. 2012. Phat hien loai Thong 5 la mdi d Son La. Tgp chi Bao ve Moi trucmg, 2:51.
2. Farjon A., 2005. Pines. Drawing and Description of the genus Pinus. 4\.2"^. Grill.
HQl NGHI KHOA HQC T O A N Q U O C V £ SINH THAl V A T A I N G U Y £ N SINH VAT L A N THLfS 3. Fu, L.G., N. Li, R. R. Mill, In Wu, Z.Y. & Raven, P.M. (eds.), 1999. Flora of China, Science Press.
Beijing & Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, vol. 4: 12-25.
4 Nguyen Tien Hiep, Phan Ke Loc, Nguyen Due To Luu, P. I- Thomas, A. fajj*"' ^'^' Averyanov, & J. C. Regalado, 2004. Vietnam Conifers: Conservation Status Review 2004. hauna &
Flora Intemational, Vietnam Program, Hanoi, 174 pp.
5. Dang Truomg, Phan Van Th3ng, Minh Xuan, 2013. http://www.thiennhien.net/2013/02/l8/phat- hien-them-mot-loai-thong-5-la-o-viet-nam/
Pinus aff. armandii Franch,, A FIVE NEEDLE PINE. NEW OCCURRENCE FOR THE CONIFER FLORA OF VIETNAM
NGirCEN DUC TO LUU. PHAN VAN THANG, DANG XUAN TRUONG, HA CONG LIEM. PHAN KE LOC
SUMMARY
The third five needle pine species for Vietnam was just found in Xuan Nha Nature Reserve, lyoc Chau district, Son La province 14 collecting numbers from 3 subpopulations were collected in eastem region of Pha Luong mountain They are very similar to each other, constitute one taxon. They are similar to Pinus aff armandii Franch. by needles 5 per bundle, spreading-recurved, slightly twisted, with basal shealh deciduous, umbo terminal, seeds only shortly winged and seed coat thick but differ by needles longer, usually 15-21cm (not 8-15cm), seed cones when opened ovoid-eliptic (not conical cylindric), stout 9-11 x 0 55-0.7cm and apex of apophyses always slightly recurved. It is in need of furttier investigation using DNA sequence data to indicate its systematic position and relationship with Pinus aff. armandii. Data on its distribution, habitat and phenology were presented too.
