«4GHir=N Cl'AJ l/NG DUNG
^Ket qua sa bo thii nghiem
mot s6 vat lieu hdp phu mdl
trong loo khoi thudc la
NGUYEN BINH TRUONG,
NGUYEN BACH DUONG, TRUONG MAC LONG
Vien Kinh te Ky thudt Thuoc Id
TOM TAT
Mpt so loai vat lieu hap phu da duoc lua chpn de thu nghiem loc khoi thuoc la, bao gom 02 loai vat lieu hap phu polyme nhap khau tu My, co ky Meu XAD4 va XAD16 va 02 loai vat heu hap phu zeolit san xuat trong nuoc, co ky Meu la ZTLl va ZTL5. Ket qua thu nghiem cho thay, cac mau vat lieu hap phu deu CO kha nang giam dupc ham lupng nicotin tu 11,9% den 31,2%, ham lupng tar giam tu 13,4% den 34,5% va ham lupng CO giam tii 5,8% den 28,3%
so vol mau doi chung vol cung mpt nen spi thuoc la. Trong do 2 mau ZTLlva ZTL5 CO kha nang hap phu cao nhat vol ham lupng nicotin giam tuong ung la 30,3 % va 31,2 %, ham lupng tar deu giam dat 6 muc 34,5% va ham lupng CO giam tUPng ung la 26,8 va 28,3% so vol mau doi chiing. Ket qua danh gia cam quan cung cho thay, nhung mau vat lieu hap phu nay khong lam giam dang ke chat lupng cam quan ciia dieu thuoc so vol mau doi chiing.
I. Dat van 06
Thanh phan cua khdi thudc la cd chua den hon 6000 ciu tli, trong dd cd nhieu cau tii duoc xac dinh la cd hai cho sdc khde ctia ngudi hut [1].
Trong nhieu nam qua, nganh Cdng nghiep thuoc la the gidi da ap dung nhieu bien phap ky thuat de giim thieu cac chat ddc hai trong khoi thudc.
San pham dau loc xenlulda xetat co chda than boat tinh da duoc sii dung trong nganh cdng nghiep thuoc la tu dau nhu'ng nam 1980. IVIdt sd ket qua nghien ciiu ve sd dung vat heu hip phu mdi trong loc khoi thudc la da dupc cong bo trong nhiing nam gin day [2,3,4]. Bai bao nay trinh bay ket qua so bd thii nghiera mot sd loai vat lieu hip phu mdi cd the dng dung trong dau loc thudc la de giim thie'u cac ddc td trong khdi thudc la, gdp
phan giim thie'u ddc hai cho ngudi cd thdi quen hut thudc la d Viet Nam.
II. Thirc nghiem
1. Lua chon mau vat lieu hap phu diing cho thi nghiem
De tien hanh thd nghiem hap phu khdi thuoc la, mdt sd loai vat lieu hip phu cd nhiing dac tinh ky thuat chinh ve dien tich hap phu be mat, kich thudc lo xdp, kich thudc hat va nhiet dp lam viec phu hpp vdi viec hap phu cac ciu tu khdi thudc la da dupc xem xet lifa chpn. Trong phan thi nghiem nay, cd 04 loai vat lieu hap phu da dupc lua chpn de thii nghiem, bao gdm: 02 loai vat lieu h i p phu polyme nhap khau tu IMy ky hieu: XAD4 va XAD16; 02 loai vat lieu hip phu zeoht s i n xuat
4 2 H't'UMiIHa Khoa hoc & Cong nghe [9/2009] Website: www.tapchicongnghiep.vn
r NGMM-N Cl';u I'/NG DUNG
trong nudc ky hieu la ZTLl va ZTL5. Nhiing thdng so ky thuat chu yeu ciia cac mau vat heu hip phu dupc dua ra trong Bang 1 (sd lieu dupc cung cip tu cac nha san xuit)
Bdng 1: Nhifng thong so ky thudt chinh cua cdc mdu vdt lieu hdp phu
T e n m a u
X A D 4 X A D K J Z T l l Z T 1 5
K k l i lliLiiii' hat ( m m !
0 . 4 9 - 0 . 6 9 0 , . V v 0 . 7 i 0.30-0,.50 0..^0-0.7 1
Dien ticli hap p h u he mat B E T I m V g )
7 5 0 8 0 0 24.i 271
K i c h t h w a - h'» xop t r u n j : h i n h ( A " )
S.O I I . 2 6.8 7,.S
Nhii-t d u tam viec t u i
da (C"l 1.50 150 4 0 0 4 0 0
2. Cach tien hanh thi nghiem
2.1. Tgo mdu thuoc Id dieu thi nghiem: Cac mau thudc la dieu thi nghiera duoc tao ra bang each sii dung cung loai spi thudc la vinataba va cung loai phu lieu, bao gdm giay cudn dieu 35CU, dau Ipc xenlulda xetat cd chieu dai lOOram/cay va giiy ghep dau Ipc loai khdng due Id cd bang rpng 64mm. Tat ca cac mau thudc la dieu deu dupc chay tren may cudn dieu cdng nghiep IMAX 9 dat cac thdng sd ky thuat ve qui each dieu va cac chi tieu vat ly cua dieu thudc sin xuit tren day chuygn cdng nghiep.
2.2. Tgo mdu thudc Id dieu thi nghiem chifa vdt lieu hdp phu: Dau iqc cua cac dieu thudc dupc tao ra d rape 2.1 deu duoc loai bd mpt phan va dupc thay thg bang cac loai vat lieu hap phu nhu da neu trong Bang 1. Khdi lupng cac loai vat heu bap phu deu dupc sii dung la 200mg/dau Ipc va dupc phan bd deu d doan gida dau loc (tUPng dupng vdi khoi lupng than boat tinh cd trong dau loc chua than boat tinh).
2.3. Tgo mdu doi chifng: IVIau thudc la dieu ddi chung dupc tao ra gidng nhu d muc 2.2, nhung phan dau Ipc dupc giii nguyen khdng bi cat.
2.4. Cdc phuong phdp phdn tich, ddnh gid mdu thi nghiem: Cac mau thudc la dieu chda vat lieu h i p phu va mau ddi chiing da tao ra d muc 2.2 va 2.3 dupc tien hanh but phan tich tren he thdng may hut phan tich tu ddng ASM500 tai Vien Kinh te Ky thuat Thudc la. Ham luong nicotin trong khdi duoc xac dinh theo TCVN 6679:2000; Ham luong tar trong khdi dUpc xac dinh theo TCVN 6680:2000; Ham lUpng CO dupc xac dinh theo TCVN 6687:2000; Trd luc dieu thudc dupc xac dinh theo TCVN 6973:2001. Cac mau thi nghiem dupc tien hanh danh gia cam quan do Hdi ddng danh gia cam quan co sd gdm 13 chuyen gia ciia Vien Kinh te Ky thuat Thudc la thtfc hien, cac sd lieu binh hut cam quan cua
cac thanh vien Hdi ddng duoc xti ly thdng ke bing phan raera chuyen dung.
III. Kat qua nghien cufu va thao luan
1. Ket qua danh gia kha nang hap phu ciia cac mau thi nghiem
Cac ket qui phan tich hara lupng nicotin, tar va CO cua cac raau thi nghiem duoc dua ra trong Bing 2.
Bdng 2: Kit qud phdn tich nicotin, tar vd CO
. M k
fJC XAU4 XADI6 ZTLl /TL5
Titiij; cliat rifiini}^ tu kiKii (m^/diii'U)
16.2 12.i 144 10.9 10.9
Nicotin imf^dicu)
1 (19 0,87 0.96 076 075
Ciam nicotin
^ti \{n doi cht'm}i(9£)
20.2 11,9 Ml.i M.2
Tar (nifi/diii'U)
14,2 10.6
9.."!
9„1
(>jani tar so viri doi chimg (%)
254 1.14 34.5 .14,5
CO C i l
I3.S 11.5 13.0 9 . 9 10,1
(iiam CO so \m doi chijngt^'tl
16,7 5,«
28,3 26,8
Nhan xet va thio luan: Cac ket qui phan tich thanh phan hda hoc khdi thudc la ciia cac mau thi nghiem tai bang 2 cho thay, ham lupng nicotin ctia cac mau chda vat lieu hap phu deu giim td 11,9% den 31,2%. Dang chu y la cd 02 mau vat lieu hap phu dupc sin xuat trong nudc ZTLl va ZTL5 dat muc giam cao nhat so vdi mau doi chdng khdng chua vat lieu hap phu vdi rauc giara tuong dng la 30,3% va 31,2%. Ket qua phan tich ham luong tar cho thay, cac raau chua vat lieu hip phu deu giim td 13,4% den 34,5%, trong dd 02 mau ZTLl va ZTL5 cung deu dat miic giim cao nhat so vdi raau ddi chung khdng chda vat lieu hap phu la 34,5%. Ket qui phan tich ham luong CO cho thay, cac mau chda vat lieu h i p phu deu giam tu 5,8% den 28,3%, trong dd 02 raau ZTLl va ZTL5 cung deu dat muc giim cao nhat so vdi mau ddi chdng khdng chiia vat lieu bip phu vdi mdc giam tuong dng la 28,3% va 26,8%.
Nhu vay, ket qua thi nghiera tai bing 2 cho thiy, raau vat lieu hap phu duoc sin xuat td zeolit deu cd khi nang hap phu kbdi thudc la tdt hon raau vat lieu hip phu dupc sin xuat tu poly- me tdng hpp, mac du dien tich hap phu be mat cua vit lieu hap phu polyme cao hon ban so vdi vat heu bap phu zeoht. Dieu nay co the duoc ly giai la vat heu hap phu zeolit cd nhieu Id mao quin ben trong cau true, tao dieu kien cho cac cau tli khdi thuoc la cd the chui qua cac Id mao quan va duoc luu giu tai dd. Vi vay, kha nang hap phu cac chat ddc hai trong khdi thudc ciia zeolit duoc nang len. Trong khi dd, ddi vdi cac loai vat lieu hap phu polyme it cd he thdng Id mao quin
Website: wnsnw.tapchicongnghiep.vn Khoa hoc & Cong nghe [9/2009] i l l ' I M I J l 4 3
:N Cl/U I'/NG DUNG 1
ben trong bon, nen khi nang h i p phu khdi thudc la kem hon so vdi zeolit.
2. Ket qua danh gia cam quan ctia cac miu thii nghiem
Kgt qui danh gia cim quan cac mau thi nghiem dupc dua ra trong Bang 3.
Bdng 3: Kit qud tdng hop ddnh gid cdm quan mdu thi nghiim
Mtiu OC XAD4 XAD15 ZTLl Z T 1 5
Huvnjj thtmi 12,6 I2..3 12,6 12..3 12„3
Vi L3.7 13,0 13,1 13,3 13.1
Dt) nanjj 8,6 8,4 7,8 8.6 8,8
Do chay 3,5 3,6 3,3 3,6 3,6
Dac diciit stri 4,8 4,8 4,8 4,8 4,8
Tonft diem 43.2 42,1 41.7 42.6 42,6
Nhan xet va thao luan:
Nhin chung td'ng die'm danh gia cim quan cua cac mau thi nghiem giim nhe tu 0,6 den 1,5 diem so vdi raau doi chung. Dieu dang chu y la diera huong thom cua cac mau thi nghiera giara khdng dang ke so vdi raau ddi chiing (#0,3 diem), dieu nay chiing td cac vat lieu h i p phu khdng gay inh hudng nhieu den huong thom ciia khdi thuoc la.
Die'm vi ciia cac mau thi nghiem giim tu 0,4 den 0,7 diem so vdi mau doi chdng, trong dd cd raau ZTLlcd muc giim thap nhat la 0,4 die'm.
3. Danh gia chung ve kha nang hap phu va chat luo'ng ciia cac mau thi nghiem
Qua cac ket qui phan tich ve thanh phan hda hpc cua khdi thuoc va ket qua danh gia cim quan cua cac mau thi nghiem cho thiy, cac mau vat lieu hip phu dupc sii dung trong thi nghiem deu cd tac dung h i p phu cac chit ddc hai trong khdi thudc la. Trong dd, ham lupng nicotin cd the giara td 11,9% den 31,2%, ham lUpng tar co the giam td 13,4% den 34,5% va ham lupng CO cd the giam tu 5,8% den 28,3% so vdi mau dot chiing vdi cung mdt nen spi thuoc la. Cac ket qui danh gia cam quan cho thiy, nhiing chi tieu chat lUpng cbinh cua khdi nhu huPng thpra, vi cung nhu td'ng diera danh gia cam quan ciia cac mau chua vat heu h i p phu cd giam so vdi mau ddi chung. Tuy nhien, raiic giam khdng nhieu, it gay inh hudng den chat lupng chung cua sin pham thudc la dieu. Trpng so cac vat lieu hap phu dupc thi nghiem, da lua chpn dupc hai mau vat lieu hap phu zeplit dupc che tap trong nudc la ZTLl va ZTL5 deu cd nhi^u im viet hPn so vdi cac raau vat lieu hap phu poly- me nhap khau tii nudc ngoai. Can tiep tuc co hifdng nghien ciiu Ung dung sau hPn ve Ipai vat lieu zeoht nay.
Tuy nhien, cp che luu gid cac chit cd trong thanh phan khdi thudc bdi vat lieu h i p phu, dac biet la luu gid nhu'ng chat dpc hai, cung nhu nhdng chit cd anh hudng den tinh chat hut ciia khdi thuoc van chua dupc nghien cdu trong khudn khd ctia thi nghiem nay. Van de nay cin phai duoc nghien cdu sau hon de Iam sang td vai trd ciia vat heu h i p phu trong viec khti cac ddc td trong khdi thuoc, giam thie'u ddc hai cho ngudi hut.
IV. Ket luan
1. Da tien hanh thti nghiem so bd danh gia kha nang h i p phu cua 4 loai vat lieu hap phu. Nhiing mau vit lieu h i p phu thi nghiem deu cd khi nang giara duoc hara lupng nicptin td 11,9% den 31,2%, ham lupng tar giam tti 13,4% den 34,5% va ham lupng CO giim td 5,8% den 28,3% so vdi mau doi chiing vdi cung mot nen soi thudc la;
2. Ket qua danh gia cim quan cung cho thay, nhiing mau vat lieu hap phu nay khdng Iam giam dang ke den chit lupng cira quan ciia dieu thuoc so vdi mau ddi chiing;
3. Da chon dupc 02 mau vat lieu h i p phu zeolit dupc che tao trong nudc deu cd the giam duoc ham luong nicotin td 30,3 % den 31,2 %, ham luong tar giim dupc den 34,5% va ham lupng CO giam dupc td 26,8 den 28,3% so vdi mau doi chiing vdi cung mdt nen spi thudc la.
Hai mau nay cd the dupc chpn de nghien ciiu ling dung tiep thep;
4. Mpt so vin de ve co che luu giii cac chat co trong thanh phan khdi bdi vat lieu hip phu can duoc tiep tuc nghien ciiu de lua chpn vat heu hip phu phu hpp cho Ipc khdi thudc la.
TAI UEU THAM KHAO
[1] Alan Rodgman and Thomas A Perfetti, (2006).
The Chemical Components of Tobacco and Tobacco Smoke. CRC Press, Dec. 2006, pp 928.
12] Meyer Dieter, Braun Hans-Peter, (2003). Filter Marerial for Reducing Harmful Substances in Tobacco Smoke. US patent, No. 6591839.
13] Braun Hans-Peter, (2000). Only Nature's Materials. Tobacco Journal International. May, 2000, pp 48-54.
[4] Lixin Xue, Midlothian, Charles Edwin Thomas, (2005). Cigarette Filter Comprising Unfunctionalised Porous Polyaromatic Resins for Removing Gas Constituents from Mainstream Tobacco Smoke. US Patent, No. 6 863 074 B2.
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