TQP chi Khoa hgc - Cong nghe Thuy sdn So 1/2014
KET QUA NGHIEN COU DAO TAO SAU DAI HOC
PHAN TICH HUY D O N G VON CHO DAU TU" PHAT TRIEN KINH TE TINH KI£:N GIANG VA CAC GOI Y CHINH SACH
ANALYSIS OF CAPITAL MOBILIZATION FOR THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT INVESTMENT OF KIEN GIANG PROVINCE AND POLICY SUGGESTIONS
Trdn Nh^t Vu', Phgm Thdnh Thdi^
Ngiy nh?n bai. 16/7/2013; Ngay phan bL?n Ihong qua: 31/7/2013; Ngiy duyft dang. 10/3/2014 TOM T A T
Bdi viet tgp trung phdn tich ddnh gid thifc trgng huy dpng vdn cho phdt tnen kinh te linh Kien Giang giai dogn 2006 - 2011 Muc tieu nghien cim Id ddnh gid thuc trgng nguon lifc tdi chinh cho ddu tuphdt trien kink te cua tinh vd ddng thdi dua ra cdc gpi y chinh sdch nham gia tdng nguon lifc von cho dau tuphdt triin kinh le tinh Kien Giang. So lieu sd dung trong bdi viet Id so lieu thd cdp dupe thu thgp tir Cgc Thong ke; S& Tdi chinh, SdKe hogeh vd Dau tit. Ngdn hdng Nhd nu&c vd Cue Thue tinh Kien Giang. PhiKmg phdp phdn tich Id mo td thdng ke vd phdn tich so sdnh. Ket qud phdn lich cho thay linh hinh huy dpng von trong thai gian qua ca su gia tdng ddng ke Ngudn von huy dgng cho phdt trien kinh te Kien Giang chii yeu Id tir ddn cu vd doanh nghiep ngodi qudc doanh. vdn ngdn sdch Nhd nude. Ben cgnh do, ngudn vdn ddu tu true tiep nu&c ngodi vd von ddu tu ciia doanh nghiep "hd nu&c chiem ty le luong duang nhau.
Tie khda. huy dgng von, dau tuphdt trien kinh te, Kien Giang ABSTRACT
The article focuses on analyzing and assessing the situation of capital mobilization for Ihe economic development of Kien Giang from 2006 to 2011. The aims oflhe research are to assess the situation of financial sources and suggest some policies to increase the capital for the economic development oflhe province. The data was secondarily collected from Statistical Office, Finance Department, Department of Planning and Investment, State's Bank and Tax Bureau in Kien Giang. The research methods are statistics description and comparison analysis The results show that there was a considerable increase in capital mobilization. The capital mobilization for the economic development in Kien Giang mainly came fivm local people, enlerpreneurs and the State's budget Moreover, the direct foreign investment capital and the state enterpreneurs 'investment made up a similar proportion
Keywords, capital mobilization, economic development investment. Kien Giang
I. OAT V A N D £ hpc vd cflng nghfl tien tidn, nang sudt lao dflng cao vdn ddu tu cd mflt vai trfl quan trpng trong qud d cae ngdnh kinh td qudc ddn. Vdn ddu tu bao gdm trinh ddu tu phdt tridn kinh td dja phupng ndi riflng ca nhdn td eon ngudi vl viflc phdt huy ngufln lye eon vd kinh td eua mflt qudc gia nfli ehung. Vdn ddu tu ngudi Id ydu td eo bdn cho sy phdt tndn nhanh vd giup xdy dyng mflt ndn kinh td theo hudng edng bdn vung. De ed thd su dgng mflt cdch ed hiflu qud nghiflp hda, hifln dgi hda; giCip mflt qudc gia cd mflt cdc ngudn tyc tdi ehinh thi edn thidt phdi ed nhung ndn kinh td Igc hdu trd thdnh mflt nude cd edng nghfl ngudi sd dgng dupe cdng nghfl, ldm ehu cflng nghfl khoa hgc vd cdng nghflp hien dgi, ehuydn mdt ndn vd cai tidn dupe cdng nghfl. Cdn cd dfli ngO edn sdn xudt nhd, nflng nghiflp, cflng nghiflp Igc hflu vd bfl khoa hpe vd cflng nghfl mgnh, dCi sde gidi quydt nang sudt lao dflng thdp thdnh m$t nude sdn xudt cac vdn dh dat ra trong qud trinh vfln hdnh cua ndn Idn. ed ca edu cdng nghiflp vd djeh vg hifln dai, khoa kinh td. Ngudn vdn ed thd huy dflng tu trong nvfttc
' Trdn Ntidt Vu* Cao hgc Qudn trj kinh doanh 2009 - TnKrng Ogi hpc Nha Trang i TS Phgm Thdnh Ttidi: Khoa Kinh td - Tn/dng Dgi hgc Nha Trang
TRUONG OAI HOC NHA TRANG • 227
Tgp chi Khoa hgc - Cong nghe Thdy s< So 1/2014
nude vd nude ngodi. Vdi moi logi ddu edn cdc gidi phdp cg the dd huy dflng vd su dgng. Trong hai logi ngudn vdn ndy, vdn t u nude ngodi Id rat quan trgng, nhung ngudn vdn t u trong nude Igi la nhan td quydt dinh. Mat khac, tao ngudn vdn Id vdn dd ea bdn vd cung la didu kifln quan trgng hdng ddu dd phat tridn kinh td. Tao vdn vd su dgng vdn fd van dd dge biflt quan ttgng, khflng ed vdn khdng thd noi ddn ddu t u phat tridn kinh td. Bk efl vdn dau tu edn huy dflng nhidu ngudn vdn, mat khdc phai su dung vdn cd hieu qua, khdng dd that thodt lang phi.
Kien Giang dang tren dd phat tridn tdt, nhdt Id qua 5 nam thye hien kd hogeh kinh td - xa hfli 2006-2010, Ddng bp va qudn ddn ttong tinh dd ed nhidu cd gang, nd lyc phdn ddu de dgt dupe nhung thdnh tich quan trpng nhu': ndn kinh td v i n duy tri dupe kha nang tang btrdng cao, nam 2010 dgt 12,6%, binh quan 5 ndm dgt 11,6% tang ban glai dogn trudc 0,5%, quy mfl tdng san phdm ndn kinh td eiJa tinh ndm 2010 dgt 18.722 ty ddng {gdp 1,7 idn nam 2005), GDP binh qudn ddu ngudi nam 2010 dat 964 USD {gdp 1,6 idn vdi nam 2005), ea edu kinh td ehuydn dich theo hudng tang ty trpng eflng nghiflp vd djch vu Nam 2010, ty trgng eCia nganh cflng nghiep - xay dyng ehidm diidm 25,9%
{tang 5,4% so vdi nam 2005), djeh vg ehidm 32,7%
(tang 4,73% so vdi nam 2005). Kdt qua dgt dupe ttong ndm 2012: Tdng sdn phdm qudc nfli (GDP) dgt 23.590,2 ty ddng (gid 1994), tang 11,81%, dgt 99,8% kd hogeh {khu vyc I tang 7,84%, khu vyc M tang 12,59%, khu vye III tang 16,07%), trong do, dong gdp eho tang tnrdng kinh td ITnh vyc: nflng - lam - thuy sdn 2,99%; edng nghiflp - xay dyng 4,05%; thuang mgi - djch vu 4,77 %.
Kinh td Kifln Giang da cd nhtdu ttiay ddi tich eye, tuy nhifln trong viflc huy dflng vdn eho ddu t u phdt tridn cOa tinh, cua ede td ehde kinh td v i n edn nhidu khd khdn, phde tgp do thidu nhidu ydu td quan txgng nhu thidu cdc cflng eg tdi ehinh hap d i n ngudi ddu tu, Uiidu nhung td ehue tdi ehfnh trung gian dd thu hdt vdn, Uiidu thj trudng dd hogt ddng mua vd bdn vdn, hfl thdng phdp ly ehua dupe ddng bfl,...
ttnh cdn phdi nhanh ehdng hodn chinh ca chd, ehinh sdeh vd ede gidi phap huy dflng cdc ngudn lyc, tgo mdi trudng thudn Ipi dd dua vdn vdo hoat dpng, gdp phan thyc hifln chidn lupe vdn ed hiflu qua thflng qua viflc huy dflng vdn nhdm ddy manh han nua
\^flc phdt bidn kinh td toan Tinh.
Tn\i hot vdn dau t u khflng chi nhdm gidi quydt ve vdn eho ddu t u phdt tridn kmh td ma cdn nham gidi quydt nhieu vdn dd xa hfli, tgo thflm nhidu cflng an viflc lam cho ngudi lao dflng, eung edp eho kinh td finh nhung may mflc, quy trinh cdng nghfl tifln tidn, ky thuflt eao dd sdn xudt nhidu mgt hdng cd ehdt lupng, tgo nfln sue mgnh tdng hpp cho sy phdt tridn bdn vung va lau ddi cda TTnh. Be Kifln Giang trd thdnh mflt trong nhung diem hap d i n ede nhd dau tu trong khu vye, cOng nhu nhd dau t u nude ngoai, edn nhgn thuc ro thyc trgng ddu tu eho tinh trong thdi gian qua, t u dd dua ra giai phap hdu hiflu, khoa hpe thiic day viflc thu hut vdn dau tu phii hpp vdi thyc tidn. Mgc tiflu cua bdl vidt nay tflp trung nghien edu, phdn tic^ thyc trgng ede ngudn vdn cho ddu tu phdt trien kinh td tgi ttnh Kien Giang trong thdi gian qua, ddnh gia thyc tt^ng ngudn lyc tai chinh cho ddu tu phat trien kinh td cua TTnh va ddng thdi dua ra cdc gpi y chinh sdch nhdm gia tang ngudn lyc vdn cho ddu t u phat tridn kinh te tai Kien Giang.
II. Ddi TI/grNG, PHAM VI VA PHU'aNG PHAP NGHI£N cCru
1. Ddi t u p n g va pham vi nghifln ciru Ddi tupng nghifln edu: Cdc ngudn lyc vdn cho dau tu phdt trien kinh td tinh Kifln Giang.
Phgm vi nghifln cdu: Nfli dung bdl vidt ehi tflp trung phan tich cae ngudn lyc cdu thdnh vdn &a ddu tu phdt tridn kinh td tgi ttnh Kifln Giang gial dogn t u nam 2006 den nam 2011.
2. Phuang phdp nghifln cd>u
Phdn tich huy dflng vdn cho ddu tu phdt tridn kinh td dya tren each tidp cfln cdc ngudn lyc cdu thdnh vdn. Trong do, ngudn vdn cho ddu t u phdt tridn kmh td dupe huy dpng ehu ydu tu 5 ngudn chinh sau: Td ngdn sdeh nhd nude; td doanh nghiflp nhd nude; ngudn vdn tin dgng; ngudn vdn huy dflng td b^ng ddn eu; vd vdn ddu t u nude ngodi.
Nghifln cdu ndy sd dyng sd liflu thu cdp theo chuSi thdi gian dupe thu thflp ty: Cgc Thdng kfl tinh Kifln Giang, Sd Tdi chinh tinh Kien Giang, Sd Kd hogeh ddu tu tinh Kien Giang, Ngdn hdng Nhd nude tinh Kifln Giang, Cgc Thud tinh Kien Giang dd phdn tich. Nghifln cdu su dgng phuang phdp thdng kfl mfl td vd phdn tfch so sdnh nhdm dat dupe cdc mgc tieu eg thd da dd ra
' Cac s6 liflu thdng kd dupe thu lh$p td Cgc Thdng kS tinh Kidn Giang
228 • T R U O N G D A I HOC NHA TRANG
Tgp chi Khoa hoc - Cong nghe Thuy sdn
III. K E T Q U A N G H I £ N CLTU vA T H A O L U A N
Thye tt^ng ngudn vdn cho dau tu phdt ttidn kinh td tinh Kien Giang (2006 - 2011) thd hifln trong bang 1.
Bang 1. Tdng hpp tinh hlnh huy dgng von cho dau t y cda Kifln Giang (2006-2011) C h i W u
V6n NSNN (ty d6ng) V6n TDDT pha triin NN (tf dong) V6n d i u t l / ONNN (ty dong) V6n dan CIF va DNNQD (ty dong) V6n dau tif nifd'c ngoai (ty d6ng)
Tdng c$ng
S A l i i n 24.735,779
1.541,77 11.736,42 45.725,33 13.153,42 96.892,19
Tynvngdl) 25,53
1.59 12,11 47,19 13,58 100 (Nguin. Cgc thing kd Ki6n Giang nSm 2006 - 2011)
sd liflu d bdng 1 cho thdy, giai dogn 2006 - 2011 tdng ngudn vdn huy dflng dupe cho ddu t u phdt tridn kinh td Id 96.892,19 t^ ddng.
Trong do, ngudn vdn huy dflng t u ddn cu vd cdc DNNQD Id cao nhdt (47,19%), kd ddn la ngudn vdn tu NSNN (25,53%), ngudn vdn t d viflc thu hiJt 1. Ngudn vdn ngdn sdch nhd nude
ddu nude ngoai (13,58%), ngudn vdn tu ddu t u DNNN (12,11%), va ngudn vdn TDDT phat tridn NN (1,59%). Dd thay rd thyc trgng huy dflng vdn eho ddu t u phdt tridn kinh td d Kifln Giang, ta tidn hdnh phan tieh chi tidt cdc ngudn hinh thdnh, cg thd nhu sau
Bang 2. So sdnh ngudn vdn huy dpng t d ngan sdch Nhd nvtrc (2006 - 2011}
Chi tidu
2007/2006 2008/2007 2009/2008 2010/2009 2011/2010
So sAnti S6 tirang dot (%)
42.80 0.73 21,66
6,31 12,07
SA tuy#t doi (Irl^u dong) 1.107.178
27.080 806.031 285.818 580 746 (Nguin: Sd Tdi chlnh Hnh Ki6n Giang, 2006 - 2011)
vdn t d ngdn sdeh Id ngudn vdn vfl cung quan trgng vd khdng the thidu trong chidn lupc phdt bidn kinh td. Nhung nam gdn day, tdng thu ngdn sdch d Kifln Giang khflng ngdng dupe gia tang, nam 2007 tang han so vdi nam 2006 Id 42,8%, ndm 2008 tang so vdi nam 2007 nhung ty Ifl tdng khflng nhidu chi 0,73%. Ndm 2008 tdng it so vdi nam 2007 ed the Id do dnh hudng eua eufle khung hodng kinh td 2. v d n tin dgng dau t v phdt tridn nhd nifdc
Bdng 3. Vdn tin dgng ddu
tai chinh todn cau Nam 2009 tdng 21,66% so vdi nam 2008, ndm 2010 chi tang 6,31% so vdi ndm 2009, nam 2011 tdng 12,07% so vdi nam 2010. Nhin ehung, trong tdng ngudn thu tu ngdn sdeh Nha nude eua Kifln Giang tung nam faong glai doan 2006-2011 ddu tang len, didu ndy eho ttidy tinh Kien Giang dd cd chidn lupc thu hut vdn ddu tu phat bidn todn difln nfln mdi tgo ra dupe ngudn thu tdt nhu vfly.
t u phdt trtdn Nhd n u ^ Ctil tiftu
V6n TDBT phit triin (tf d6ng) T^ 1$ so vdi t6ng s6 v6n d i u tif (%)
20(M 52.00 0,81
2007 284,46
3,4 2008 188,65
1,73 2009 483,26
3,57 2010 254,00
1,63 2011 279,4
1,79 (Nguin: Sd Tdi chlnh Unh Ki§n Giang. 2006-2011)
Tin dgng ddu tu phdt ttidn cda nhd nude da gdp phdn tdng cudng ca sd vflt ehdt, ky thuflt, nang eao ndng Iyc eCia ndn kinh td. Sd liflu d bang 3 phdn dnh rdng trong tdng ngudn vdn ddu t u phdt ttidn kinh td tinh Kifln Giang tnsng giai dogn 2006-2011 thi
ngudn vdn tu tin dgng ddu t u phdt bidn ehidm t j trong tuang ddi nhd. Do vfly, tinh Kifln Giang edn c^u ttgng han ni>a trong viflc huy dflng vdn ti> ngudn tin dgng dau tu phdt tndn dd phgc vg eho phat tridn kinh td tnsng nhung nam tidp theo.
T R U O N G D A I HOC NHA TRANG • 229
Tgp chi Khoa hgc - Cong nghe Thuy sdn Sol/2014
3. vdn ddu t v doanh nghiflp Nha n u v c
Bang 4. Von ddu tir doanh nghiflp Nha n v d c CllitiSu
V 6 n d a u ttjr D N N N (ty d o n g ) T J l§ s o t i n g v o n d a u tLT (%)
2006 1.317 2 0 , 4 1
2007 1.148,12
1 3 , 7 3 2008 1.200,63
11,02 2009 1.987,67
1 4 , 7 0 2010
3 . 0 0 0 1 9 . 2 5
2011 3 . 0 8 3 1 9 , 7 8 (Ngudn: Sd TAi chlnh Hnh Ki6n Giang 2006-2011)
Sd liflu d bdng 4 cho thdy ngudn vdn t u ONNN ehidm mdt ty trpng idn trong tdng ngudn vdn ddu t u , ndm 2006 tdng ngudn vdn ciia ede doanh nghiep trong tdng vdn ddu ty la 1.317 ty ddng, ehidm 20,41%. T u ndm 2007 den nam 2009 4. Von tip dan c u va doanh nghiep ngoai quoc doanh
Bang 5. Vdn t u dan c v va doanh nghiep ngoai qudc doanh
do anh hudng ehung cua cufle khung hodng kinh td nfln ngudn vdn ndy da cd ehidu hudng gidm Tu nam 2010, 2011 ngudn vdn ndy dd tdng trd Igi vd ddng mflt vai trfl chu dgo trong viflc phdt tridn kinh td.
Chi tifiu V o n d a n c u va D N N Q D (ty d o n g ) T y lo so t o n g v o n d a u ttf (%)
2006 3 . 7 0 2 , 7 4
5 7 , 3 9 2007 5 . 4 8 6 , 8 2
6 5 , 6 1 2008 7 . 6 5 0 , 4 2
7 0 , 2 2 2009 7 . 7 9 5 , 3 4
5 7 , 6 6 2010 9 . 5 0 0 . 0 0
6 0 , 9 6 2011 11.590,00
6 2 , 5 (Nguin- S& Tdi chlnh tinh Kien Giang 2006-2011)
sd liflu d bdng 5 cho ttidy, vdn huy ddng tu dan ehung vd DNNQD ehidm mflt ty ttgng Idn nhdt trong tdng vdn dau t u phdt bidn kmh td so vdi cae ngudn vdn huy dflng tu ede ngudn khac. Giai doan 2006 - 2011 ngudn vdn huy dgng dupe trong ddn Idn Id do ngudi ddn cd thoi quen dy trij vang, tien mgt vd ngogi tfl vd khi khflng ed nhu cdu chi tieu thi hg mang tidn vdo gui d eac ngan hang nham mge dieh smh Idi eho ban than hg. Vd thye td khi phat hdnh trdi phidu Chinh phCi till khu vye tu dan cu la 5. Ngudn vdn tin di^ng
Bang 6. Kdt qud hogt
nai cd the huy dflng hdng ngdn t^ ddng. Ben cgnh ngudn vdn tu ddn eu, trong nhi>ng nam gdn ddy vdi sy ra ddi ngdy cdng nhidu cflng ty TNHH, eflng ty hpp danh, cflng ty ed phdn,... Xdt vd mdt hiflu qud vd chdt lupng, hiflu qua su dgng vdn d cdc doanh nghiflp tu nhdn tuang fldi cao. Do vdy, Tinh cdn cd nhiing chinh sdeh de khuydn khieh hon nua logi hinh doanh nghiflp ngodi qudc doanh tham gia vdo ndn kinh td, gflp phdn ddy nhanh tdng trudng kinh td cua Tinh trong nhung nam tdi.
dpng cua Ngan hdng Chi lieu
V6n huy dpng t^j dia piiiFang (ty dong) V i n vay (ty dong)
Von ItllSc (ty ding) Ting nguin v i n (ty ding)
2006 3 . 1 0 0 3 . 6 4 2 1.367 8 . 1 0 9
2007 4 . 9 9 8 4 . 0 5 2 2 . 2 1 4 1 1 . 2 6 4
2008 6 . 5 1 6 4 . 9 7 7 3 . 1 0 9 1 4 . 6 0 2
2009 9 . 0 8 0 7 . 4 3 0 3 , 4 2 0 1 9 . 9 3 0
2010 11.280 9 . 7 3 0 4 . 5 8 0 2 5 . 5 9 0
2011 13.988 12.748 6.870 3 3 . 6 0 6 (Nguin- Sdo da ha^t O^ng NHNNVN chinh^nh Kidn Giang, 2006-2011)
Cdc ngdn hdng tren dja ban dd md rdng mgng ludi va thyc hifln nhidu ehinh sach linh hogt trong viflc huy dpng vdn nen ngudn vdn huy ddng da tdng mgnh. Mgt khdc, tranh thu cac ngudn vdn uu tien ddu t u theo mue tieu kiem ehd lam phat dd
Bang 7. Tinh hinh s v dung vdn cda cdc NHTM
ddu t u phat tridn kinh td xa hfli cua Tinh. Chinh vi thd, sd liflu t u bdng 7 eho thdy tdng ngudn vdn hoat ddng ngdn hdng trfln dja bdn TTnh tu ndm 2006 ddn ndm 2011 ludn ed ehidu hudng gia tang dang kd.
Chi ligu Ting doanli so ctio vay (ty ding) Doanh s i cho vay ngan han (ty ding) Doanh s6 cho vay dai han (ty ding) Ting du no cho vay (ty ding) Dlf no cho vay ngin han (ty ding) Dlf n(7 cho vay trung vd dai han (ty ding)
2006 1 2 . 8 1 7 1 0 . 3 3 9 2 . 4 7 8 7 . 4 3 6 4 . 4 3 1 3 . 0 0 5
2007 1 8 . 7 2 5 1 5 . 1 5 3 3 . 5 7 2 10.110 6 . 2 2 0 3 . 8 9 0
2008 2 2 . 8 7 2 1 9 . 9 2 4 2 . 9 4 7 1 2 . 1 5 7 8 . 0 5 9 4 . 0 9 8
2009 3 2 . 7 5 5 2 7 . 8 7 5 4 . 8 8 0 1 6 . 6 5 5 11.595 5 . 0 6 0
2010 3 4 . 8 8 5 3 0 . 3 0 5 4 5 8 0 2 0 . 1 2 0 1 3 . 3 1 0 6 . 8 1 0
2011 4 1 . 8 6 3 3 6 . 3 6 6 5.496 2 6 . 1 5 6 1 7 . 3 0 3 8 . 8 5 3 (Nguin- BAo cdo ho^t dgng NHNNVN ch/ nhanh Kidn Giang gmi (togn. 2006-^11)
2 3 0 • T R U O N G O A I H O C N H A T R A N G
