J£03 (128)-2014 } VAN DE HdM NAY
Giai bai toan huy dong von cho dau tu phat trien kinh tS bien tinh Thanh Hoa
PGS.TS.NguySn Thj B^t * NCS.DO Thj Hk Thuong **
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ipt Nam dang phdn ddu tr& thdnh qude gia mgnh vi bien, giau len tu bien. Chinh vi v^, van di khai thdc kinh te bien da tr& thdnh nhipm vu cd tinh chiin lugrc cda cde tinh trong do cd tinh Thanh Hda. La tinh cd vi tri thugn lgi di phdt triin kinh ti bien, trong nhirng nam qua tinh Thanh Hda dd cd nhieu chd ti-uffng, bipn phdp di thu hut vdn nhdm phdt triin linh v{tc quan trgng ndy. Tuy nhien, vi nhiiu ly do khde nhau, vdn di huy dgng vdn eho phdt trien kinh te bien cua tinh Thanh Hda vdn la mpt bdi todn kho chua tim dugtc l&i gidi Bdi viet ddnh gid thfte trgng ngudn vdn phdt trien kinh te bien eua tinh trong nhirng ndm qua vd de xudt mgt so gidi phdp di gidi bdi todn eho phdt trien kinh te bien cda tinh trong th&i gian t&L..tieu nhu Chuang trinh 134, Chuong trinh 135, Chuang trinh 257 da hd trg ddu tu xdy dung dugc nhieu cdng trinh co sd hg tdng thiet yeu phue vy sdn xuat va sinh hogt d ndng thdn vd d 38 xa bai ngang ven bien. Tuy nhign, su phat trien kinh te bien cua Thanh Hda chua tuong xung vdi tidm ndng ciia tmh.
Qua khdo sat, ddnh gia thyc trgng phdt trien kinh te bien eua tinh Thanh Hda thdi gian qua, chiing tdi nhgn thdy tinh hinh phdt triSn kinh te bien cua tinh cdn tdn tgi mdt so vdn dd nhung ndi com nhat Id ngudn vdn cho ddu tu phdt trien kinh td bien edn thieu va ydu.
Theo th6ng ke, tdng vdn ddu tu phdt trien trong 5 nam qua ciia tinh dgt 28.300 ty dong, chidm ty trgng 38,6% tdng vdn ddu tu xa hgi ciia khu vyc ven bien Bac Trung Bg. Tdc dg huy ddng von hang nam tang binh quan 20,4%; co cdu ngudn vdn huy dgng trong giai doM nay DAT VAN DE
Thanh Hda nam trong sd 28 tuih ven bidn ciia cd nude, cd bd bien ddi va vung bidn rOng Idn.
Toan tinh cd 6 huypn, thi xa tiep gidp vdi bien (cd nude cd 138 huy^n, thi xa vd thanh phd true thuge tmh tidp gi£^ bien). Trong nhung nam qua, tinh Thanh Hda da cd nhidu chii truong, bi^n phap phdt tridn kinh td bidn. Nhd dd, kinh td bidn da cd nhimg budc tidn rd rgt, ddng gdp vdo sy phat tridn kinh te - xa hdi cua tinh. Thdi ky 10 nam qua, dgc biet la giai dogn 5 nam gdn day, vdi sy nS lgc cua cac nganh, cac cap, cua nhan dan va cac thanh phdn kinh td, qud trinh phdt tridn kinh td - xa hgi cua vung bien Thanh Hda da cd nhihig budc phat tridn ca bdn vd khd todn diSn. Khu kinh td Nghi San ra ddi va dugc quan tdm ddu tu xdy dung cac cdng trinh kdt cdu hg tdng, tao budc chuyen bidn Idn trong phat tridn kinh td_^vung bidn, chuydn mgnh tir eho khai
thdc lgi the ve biSn de phdt trien du lieh, thiiy sdn sang phdt tridn da nganh gan vdi bien nhu:
cdng nghiep, cang bien vd mgt sd dich vy lien quan den kinh te bidn; tgo didu kipn de viing bien ciia tinh ddn trd thanh mgt trong ba trung tdm kinh td ven bidn trong vdnh dai kinh td Vinh Bac Bg gdm Qudng Ninh, Hdi Phdng vd Thanh Hda. Tuy nhien, sy phdt tridn ciia kinh te bidn chua tuong xiing vdi tidm ndng, lgi thd vd ty nhien eua tinh. Didu nay xudt phat tii nhidu nguyen nhan khde nhau, nhung chii yeu la do nguon von ddu tu dd phdt tridn kinh te bien cdn thidu vd ydu.
NOI DUNG
Th^c trgng huy dgng von cho dau tu phat tridn kinh te bidn tinh Thanh Hoa
Trong 5 nam qua, thyc hipn chii truang ddu tu cho ndng nghipp, ndng thdn, gidm ngh^o, thdng qua cac chuang trinh mye
Tfi^^^i^^DgihgcKTQD ** Tru&ng Dgi hge Hong Due
Tap chi nghien cufu Tai chinh ke toan < p ^
VAN DE HOM NAY ( S^03 (128)-2014 )
bao gdm: vdn cua khu vyc nha nude chiem 46,7%; vdn ciia khu vyc tu nhdn vd ddn cu chidm 36,2%; vdn ddu tu trye tiep nude ngodi tang len chiem 13,1%; vdn khde chiem 3,9%.
Giai doan ndy, tdng nhu cdu vdn ddu tu cho khu vyc kinh te bien khodng 39.300 ty ddng. Do vgy, ngudn vdn huy ddng cho phdt trien kinh te kinh te bien mdi ehi ddp ling 72% nhu cdu vdn.
Tuy nhiSn, ngudn von can ddu tu phdt tridn cua khu vyc khoang 28.100 ty ddng, trong dd vdn tu ngan sdch Nhd nude va trdi phieu Chinh phii giai dogn 2010 - 2012 dgt khoang 18.656 ty ddng. Nhu vgy, tdng von huy ddng dugc mdi ehi dap iing dugc 66% nhu cau vdn. Vdi ngudn vdn huy ddng cdn hgn che ndn tinh mdi chi tap trung dau tu xdy dyng dugc 03 edng trinh thuge hp thdng trgm bom tieu thodt nude mua cho cac xa viing triing thuOe cac huypn Nga
Son, Hdu Lgc, Hoang Hda; vipc xdy dung de, ke bien mdi chi dimg lai d 445,3 km de, ke gdm 71,2 km &^, kt bidn va 358,8 km dd, ke sdng. Mgt sd noi do thidu vdn ndn chua the tidn hdnh xdy dyng nhu: khu vyc gidp bidn trong viing, dd sdng, de bidn dang xuong cap, edn dau tu tu bd vd xdy mdi; chua the dau tu hp thdng cdp nude may cho dan ndn phan Idn dan cu trong vimg dang diing nude gidng dao, gieng khoan bom ed be chiia lang, lgc. Cap nude mdy cdn hgn che, den nay mdi ddu tu duge hp thdng cdp nude sinh hogt cho mot sd dd thj nhu Sam Son, mOt so trgm nude d cac thj trdn Qudng Xuang, ITnh Gia, Hgu Lgc, Hodng Hod.
Ben cgnh ngudn von tii Ngan sach Nhd nude, nguon vdn huy dgng tii cde td chiic tin dyng cimg Id mOt trong nhung ngudn vdn quan trgng ddi vdi phdt didn kinh td bidn eua tmh.
TT
Bang 1^ Ngudn vdn NSNN, trdi phidu Chinh phu cho kinh td bien tinh Thanh Hoa giai doan 2010 - 2012
Dan v{ tinh: Ty ddng Chi tidu
Von NSNN
Vdn trdi phidu Chmh phd~
Nam 2010 4.624 1.903
Ndm 2011 4.451 1.305
NSm 2012 4.725 1.648 (Ngudn: S& Ke hogch ddu tu tinh Thanh Hda ndm 2010 - 2012)
Bdng 2: Finh hinh tin dyng dhu tu cho kinh td bidn Thanh H6a
Dan vj tinh: Trieu ddng T T Chi tieu
Doanh sd cho vay D u n g
2010 272.450 875.640
2011 395.212 987.234
2012 388.639 1.447.637 (Ngudn: Ngdn hdng Nhd nu&c Thanh Hda tic ndm 2010 din 2012)
Tap chi nghien cuTu Tai chinh ke toan
Cho vay cua cac td chiic tin dyng ddi vdi ITnh vyc kinh td bidn ngdy cang dugc quan tdm.
Tuy nhien, trong tdng doanh sd cho vay eua cac td chiic tin dyng ddi vdi kinh td bidn ehii ydu mdi tgp trung tai cde doanh nghipp kinh doanh thuy sdn, khdch sgn va du Ijch. Ddi vdi cho vay ddng mdi tdu ddnh bdt xa bd, eac hgi ngu ddn vung bien cdn tdn tgi mgt sd bdt cap nhu: phan Idn cde chii thd vay vdn ndy kinh td khd khan, nha va ddt d - tdi san the chdp chii ydu cua ngu dan khi vay vdn - gid tri thdp, vdn ty cd it,.. Trong khi dd, nhu edu vd vdn ddi vdi cac chu thd ndy Idn, Dong thdi, cac hg nay do khd khan vd kinh td nen khdng mua bdo hidm tdu thuydn theo quy dinh. Chmh vi the, cde chu the ndy khdng dii dieu kipn ve tai sdn dam bdo tidn vay. Day Id m^t trong nhimg nguyen nhan dan ddn vdn cua cde td chiic tin dyng khdng ddn duge vdi ngu dan.
Song song vdi ngudn vdn huy dOng trong nude, khu vyc kinh te bidn ciing thu hdt duge mdt lugng ddng kd ngudn vdn nude ngodi nhu FDI, NGO ddc bipt Id ngudn vdn ODA. Nam 2010 ngudn von ODAdgt 423 ty ddng, nam 2011 la 782 ty ddng va nam 2012 la 945 ty ddng.
Nhieu dy dn da dugc nhd tdi trg chdp thuan vd ky bi^p dinh nhu:
hp thong tudi Bac sdng Chu - Nam sdng Ma (vdi sd vdn tai trg la 110 tripu USD); phdt trien co sd hg tang viing duydn hdi huy^n Nga San (10 tripu USD); ngudn
VAN DE HdM NAY
lgi ven bidn vi sy phat tridn bdn viing (10,5 tripu USD); phyc hdi va qudn \-y bdn vung rimg phdng hg (9,5 tripu USD); dd td sdng Cau Chdy (13 trieu USD). (Uy ban nhan dan tinh Thanh Hda, Quy hoach tdng thd phdt Irien kinh td - xa hdi Viing ven bien Thanh Hda thdi ky den nam 2020, trang 12).
Nhumg khd khdn, bat c | p trong vi^c huy dgng von cho dau t u phdt tridn kinh te bien cua tinh Thanh Hda
Vipc huy ddng vdn eho ddu tu phdt tridn kinh td bidn cua tinh Thanh Hda trong thdi gian qua dugc thyc hien tuang ddi tdt, huy ddng duge nhidu nguon vdn trong va ngoai nude de dau tu xay dyng co sd hg tang, nang lyc khai thac, lam mdi vd ndng cap cac tuyen giao thdng; du lieh bidn dugc phat tridn nhanh, nhidu cdng trinh du lieh da gdp phdn cai thidn mdi trudng khu vyc, md ra nhidu tridn vgng cho phdt tridn kinh td bidn trong thdi gian tdi. Tuy nhidn, bdn canh nhiing kdt qua dgt dugc trong vide huy ddng vdn cho phdt trien kinh td bidn trong thai gian qua van cdn tdn tgi mgt sd hgn che edn khde phyc:
T h u n h a t , ngudn vdn tir NSNN chii ydu dugc dau tu xdy dyng CO sd ba tdng nhung trong thdi gian qua ngudn vdn nay chua du dap iing cho cac cdng trinh cua ngdnh kinh td bidn. Do do, trong thdi gian tdi, ngodi ngudn vdn tir NSNN, tinh cdn tich cyc tang cudng edc nguon thu tir NSNN vd qudn ly chat
che cac cdng trinh xay dyng dugc gidi ngan bang vdn NSNN, trdnh vipe dau tu dan trai, hipu qud sd dyng ddng vdn thdp.
T h u hai, vdn huy d$ng tii tin dyng ngan hang hiy ed tang qua cac ndm song miic dg vd dap ling vdn eho cac nganh sdn xudt kmh doanh khu vyc kinh td bien cdn hgn che, tdc do cho vay chdm, chua tuong xiing vdi nhu edu phdt trien cua khu vyc ndy.
Thir ba, vi$c thu hut ngudn von nude ngodi chua dugc day mgnh, cdng tdc van dgng thu hiit ddu tu nude ngodi dugc thyc hipn nhung chat lugng chua eao, chua thyc sy hdp ddn cac nhd dau tu nude ngodi dau tu vao edc dy an can vdn Idn.
Qua phan tich tren ddy, eo thd thdy m^t van de Idn bao triim trong vide phat trien kinh td bidn cua tinh Thanh Hda Ja vdn huy ddng cho ddu tu phdt tridn kinh td bidn chua dap img duge vdi ddi hdi cua thue tien.
Didu dd do nhidu nguyen nhdn khde nhau nhung chii ydu do mgt sd nguydn nhdn sau:
T h u nhdt, CO chd, chinh sdch thu hut ddu tu ciia tinh ddi vdi vung bien chua du site hdp dan. Tuy co che, chinh sdch thu hut dau tu cua tinh ddi vdi viing bidn cd ddi mdi, nang d$ng ban so vdi trudc nhung van chua dii mgnh, cdn thieu co che, ehinh sach d^c thii cd tinh d^t phd dd khai thac tiem nang, the manh phat trien kinh te ven bien va bidn ddo. Ca che, chinh sdch khuyen khich xa hgi boa dau tu ket cdu hg tdng, xa hdi hda cde
linh vyc gido dye, ddo tao, y td, van boa - xd hgi d vung ven bien chua du hap ddn cac nhd dau tu.
Thir hai, ngudn von tu he thdng ngdn hdng thuang mgi eho khu vyc kinh te bidn chidm ty trgng tuong ddi nhd. Didu nay, xudt phdt tir co chd vay vdn eiia ngan hang ngng vd ydu cau tdi san the chdp, vd tu each chu the vay vdn, vd thd tuc phap ly,... Didu nay, tao ra can trd rdt Idn cho khu vyc kinh td bien tiep can vdi ngudn vdn vay ciia ngdn hdng.
T h u ba, ngudn vdn huy dgng tii khu vyc nude ngodi van dang eon chiem ty trgng khd khidm tdn trong tong ngudn vdn. Mgc du, trong nhirng nam gan day tinh Thanh Hoa da rat chii trgng thu hiit cde ngudn vdn FDI, ODA, NGO vdo edc khu vyc cua tinh dac bidt la khu vyc kinh td bidn, tuy nhidn, kdt qud thu dugc vin edn hgn chd. Didu nay do vipe gidi quydt thu tyc ddu tu d mdt sd dy an cdn cham vd vudng mac; nhidu dy an da dugc cap giay chiing nhgn ddu tu hoac giao ddt, eho thud ddt nhung tridn khai thyc hipn rdt chdm vd khdng cd nhidu chuydn bien; vipc dau thdu dy dn cd sir dyng ddt vd lua chgn nhd ddu tu thyc hien dy dn cdn nhieu khd khan, kdt qua dgt thdp do thi trudng bdt ddng san trdm Idng vd nang lyc tdi chinh ciia nha dau tu hgn chd.
Mgt sd giai phdp Xuat phdt tir nhung tdn tai trong cdng tdc huy dgng vdn cho ddu tu phdt tridn kinh td bidn.
Tap chi nghidn cufu Tai chinh k^ toan <63
VAN DE HOM NAY (^ S^03 (128) - 2014 )
chiing tdi xm dua ra mpt sd gidi phdp vdi mong mudn gidi dugc phdn nao bdi todn cho phdt tridn kinh te bidn tinh Thanh Hda trong thdi gian tdi.
Thii nhat, tinh phdi cd co che phu hgp dd phdt huy co hipu qud ngudn vdn tu ngan sdch nhd nude gdm ca ngdn sdch nhd nude chi eho ddu tu phat tridn tren dia bdn. Ddy Id ngudn vdn bdt siic quan trgng doi vdi viing bien Thanh Hda, noi edc huypn ddu thuge dipn khd khan. Doi vdi cde cong trinh khac ndn thue hipn rgng rai phuong chdm Nha nude vd nhan dan cimg Idm, xa hgi hoa ddu tu xdy dyng cde cdng trinh cdng egng. Co co chd chinh sdch huy dpng tdi da ngudn vdn ddn cu cho ddu tu phdt tridn kinh td - xa hpi. Lanh dgo tmh cdn rd soat, kipn toan td chiic bg mdy cac co quan nhd nude dam bdo tinh ggn, phan rd trdeh nhipm vd khdng chdng cheo vd chuc nang, nhiem vy.
Ddy mgnh cdi cdch thu tyc hdnh chinh, don gidn hod hd so, thu tyc, nit ngdn thdi gian, tao thuan lgi cho td chiic, cdng ddn trong gidi quydt cdng vipc nhdt la cac thii tyc cho cac nhd ddu tu. Cdn ndng cao trdch nhi^m vd hieu qud cdng tdc phoi hgp giua cde ngdnh vdi UBND edc huypn, thi xa trong chi dgo didu hanh, gidi quydt nhiing vdn dd c6 lidn quan ddn nhieu co quan, don vi nhu:
thyc hipn cde ca chd chinh sdeh, cac du an ddu tu, bdi thudng giai phdng mat bang, gidi quydt don thu..., bao ddm bg mdy nhd nude hogt dOng c6 hipu lyc, hieu qud.
Thu hai, can cd mgt td chirc dimg ra ddng vai trd chu the bdo lanh cho edc doanh nghipp nhd, cde hg gia dinh sdn xuat kinh doanh edc ngdnh nghe ve bien cd the tiep cgn duge vdi nguon vdn ngan hdng. Tu dd, giup hg ed dii vdn dd tham gia ddu tu, md rgng sdn xudt kinh doanh.
Thu ba, dd cd ngudn lyc cho ddu tu phat tridn kinh td bien ciia tinh trong thdi gian tdi, tinh Thanh Hda can tang cudng cdng tde vgn dgng, xiic tidn ddu tu bang nhieu hinh thiic; tranh thii cac ngudn vdn ddu tu cua cde td chiic qude te; da dgng hod cac hmh thiic ddu tu BT, BOT, BTO va cac hinh thiic khac dd thu hiit vdn dau tu. Ddng thdi, nhanh chdng ra sodt, hoan chinh quy hoach phdt tridn edc nganh kinh te, edc vung vd tidu vimg phii hgp vdi yeu cdu va didu kipn ciia dia phuong. Tren co sd dd tinh can cd kd hogch ddu tu xay dyng ket cdu ha tdng cho phii hgp.
KETLUJlN
Vdn Id mgt tiong nhung didu kipn tidn quydt cho ddu tu phdt tridn. Vipe huy dgng vdn dd phdt tridn kinh td bidn cua tinh Thanh Hda trong thdi gian dugc thyc hien tuang ddi tdt. Chinh vi thd, nhidu dy an, edng trinh da dugc ddu tu xdy dyng gdp phdn khdng nhd trong vipc phat trien kinh td trong viing. Tuy nhidn, lugng vdn thu hiit vd khu vyc kinh te bidn chua tuong ximg vdi tidm nang phat tridn ciia viing. Do dd, dd thiic ddy edng tac huy dgng vdn trong thdi gian
tdi, tinh Thanh Hda edn kdt hgp nhirng gidi phap vira mang tinh vi md viia mang tinh vT md.
Tdi Upu tham khao Le Minh Thdng. (2011).
Chinh sdeh phdt trien kinh te ven bien Thanh Hda, Nhd xuat bdn Chinh tri qude gia, Hd Ngi.
Ngdn hdng Nhd nu&e Thanh Hda, (2010. 2011, 2012), Bdo eao tong ket ndm, Thanh Hda
S& Ke hogch vd ddu tu tinh Thanh Hda (2010,2011, 2012), Bdo cdo tdng kit ndm; Thanh Hda
Uy ban nhdn ddn tinh Thanh Hda. Quy hogch tdng the phdt trien kinh te - xd hpi Vung ven bien Thanh Hda th&i ky din ndm 2020, Thanh Hda
Vdn kipn Dgi hgi dgi biiu todn quoc lan thu XI, Nxb.
Chinh tri quoc gia - Sv that. Hd Ngi - 2011, tr. 121-122
Vdn kipn Hpi nghi idn thu tu Ban Chdp hdnh Trung uang khdaX, Nxb. Chinh tri qude gia, HdNgi-2007.tr 76
Tap chi nghien cuTu Tai chinh ke toan
