KHOA HOC C 6 N G N G H E
IMGHIEIV Ctru THAY T H ^ THIT q u A B A I M G VO THAIVH LOMG RUOT DO TROIVG CHE BIEIM RUOU VAIMG THAIMH
LOIMG RUOT DO [ityiaereus pat yrhiiu^
Hodng Quang Bmh\ Duong Thi Ngpc D i ^ ' TOMTAT
NghiSn ciru duoc thuc hien nham danh gia kha nang ling dung cua vd thanh long trong chd bidn nrgru vang thanh long ruot do. Ket qua nghien ciai cho thay thay the m6t phdn thit qua bdng v6 thanh long giiip day nhanh qua trinh sinh trudng ciia nam men. Mdu niou co ty le thit vo: 70:30 co do con (12,17%), cao hon so vdi mdu chi diing 100% thit trai (10,66%) Tuy nhien ty le bd sung vo cang cao cang lam giam hi^u suat tiiu hdi dich trai tir 70,70% con 50,07%. Phdn tram betacyanin con lai sau qua trinh l^n men cung giam tir 70,51%
con 57,88%, tuong ung vdi mdu ruou co ty le thit trai 100% va thit trai: v6=70:30. Ung dung vo thanh long trong chd bidn ruou vang thanh do co nhidu Uem nang.
Tir khda: Vo thanh long, len men ruou, do con, betacyanin.
1 . DAT VAN BE
Viet Nam la mdt trong nhung nude trdng va xuat khau thanh long ldn tren thd gidi. Trong nhung nam gan day, mdt sd doanh nghiep da phdt tridn san pham tir loai qua ndy nhu: thanh long say, nude thanh long, ruou vang thanh long, ddng thdi 1dm gia tang cdc san pham chd bidn mpt luong ldn phu phdm (vd, hat) bi thai bd sau qua trinh che bidn, gay siic ep ldn cho mdi trudng. Vd thanh long chiem khoang 25- 30% tdng khdi luong trai; chiia nhidu pectin, betacyanin, chat xo (Jamilah vd ctv, 2011); kha nang chdng oxy hda cao (Stintzing va ctv., 2002), cung nhu cd nhidu tiem nang trd thdnh ngudn chat mau tu nhien (Harivaindaram va ctv., 2008). Nhidu nghien cuu da cho thay vd trai cay ndi chung va vd thanh long ndi ridng cd nhieu tiem nang trong img dung chd bidn cdc san pham thuc pham va trich ly cac hop chat cd loi cho sue khde con ngudi. Trong nghien ciiu nay se ddnh gid tdc ddng cua ty le phdi tron vd;
thit qua thanh long ddn qua trinh len men ruou vang thanh long cung nhu mdu sdc ciia san pham.
Z. PHUONG PHAP NGHBV CUU 2.1. Nguyen lidu
Thanh long rudt dd duoc mua tai cho ddu mdi ndng san Thu Diic, TP. HCM khdng ndm benh, hu dap. Thanh long sau khi mua dupe nia sach, phan tdch vd vd thit. Thit vd vd trdi duoe dung trong bao polyetiiylen va bao quan lanh < -18"C. Che pham nam men thuong mai RVlOO chiing Saccharomyces ' Trudng Bai hoc Ndng Lam TP. Ho Chi .Mu
Email. qbinh93@gni;ul.com
cerevisiae cung cap bdi Cdng ty Angel (Trung Quoc).
Hod chat Gallic acid 99,5% (An Dp), Follin Ciocalteu 99,5% (MercK, Diic), NajCOa 99,5% (Tnmg Qude), ascorbic acid 99% (Trung Qude), DPPH 99.5%
(Merck, Diic), Metiianol 99,5% (Trung Qude), Bromua 99% (Trung Quoc), Metalphosphoric acid 99,5% (Trung Quoc), H2SO4 96% (Trung Quoc).
2.2. Phuong phdp nghidn cihi
Chuan hi nude thanh long. Thit va vd trai sau ra ddng duge phdi trdn theo cdc ty le nghien ciiu: 100:0, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40 va 0:100 (g/g). Hdn hop dupe xay nhuydn vdi nude bdng mdy xay smh td theo ty le 1:1 (g/g). Bd sung che pham enzyme Pectinex Utra SPL 0,1% CE/NL) vdo puree vd thuy giai d nhiet dp 4O''C/120 phiit. Dich lpc thu diroc sau thuy giai dupe bd sung them dudng sao cho dat 22''Bx. Dich qua tiep theo dtrpc dem xu ly vdi natri metalbisulfit a ndng dp 100 ppm/2 gid.
Lin men ruou: Bd sung 5% gidng khdi ddng da dupe hoat hda tnrde cd mat dd 10^ th/ml vao trong dich qua da dupe xu ly sulft. Qua trinh len men diln ra tai didu kien phdng (30 - 3PC)/10 ngdy, pH hi nhien cua dich qua.
2.3. Chi tidu phdn tich
Ham luong betacyanin: Phuong phdp phan tich dupe tham chieu theo Uaotrakoon vd ctv (2012), co hieu chinh. Mdu phan tich bdng cdch do dp hdp thu quang bdng UV-VlS tai budc sdng 538 nm. Cdng tiiirc tinh hdm lupng betacyanm (mg/100 ml mau) dupe trinh bdy nhu sau:
60 N O N G NGHIEP V A PHAT TRIEN N O N G THON - KY 2 - THANG 4/2020
KHOA HOC C 6 N G NGHE
JJ-CMW) ,ti . IPC E .L "
Trong dd: A; dd hdp thu tgi bude sdng 538 nm; L:
dp day curvet (1 cm); d: dp pha loang; E: kha nang hap fliu phdn tii (6,5 x 10* L/mol cm trong H^O);
MW: Khdi lupng phan tir (550 g/mol).
Ham luang polyphenol tdng sd: Phuong phdp phan tich dupe tham chidu tiieo ISO 14502 - 1:2006 va cd hieu chinh. Hiit 0,5 ml dich mdu cho vao dng nghiem, them 2,5 ml Folin 10% lde ddu va de yen trong tdi khodng 5 phut. Sau dd cho them 2 ml NagCOa 7,5% vdo dng nghiem va lac ddu, de tdi trong 60 phut rdi dem di do quang d budc sdng 765 nm.
Dua vdo phuong hinh dudng chudn gallic acid, ham luong polyphenol tdng sd dupe the hien theo mg GAE/100 ml mdu.
Ham luang vitamin C: Phuong phdp dupe tham chidu tiieo Kapur va ctv (2012). Hiit 1 ml dich mdu da trich ly cho vao dng nghiem, tiep theo cho 0,23 ml nirdc brom cho vdo timg dng nghiem chiia acid ascorbic, rdi them 0,13 ml thiourea, lde deu. Tidp tiieo them vao 1 ml 2,4-DNPH vd lde deu, sau dd giu mdu dn dmh b nhiet dp SZ^C/S gid. Tiep theo them vao 5 ml H2SO4 85% lanh, lde deu va de on dinh trong 30 phiit, chdn sang. Cudi ciing do dp hap thu d budc sdng 521 nm. Dua vao phuong trinh dudng chuan ascorbic acid, hdm Itrpng vitamin C duoc the hien theo mg AAE/100 ml mdu.
Kha nang chdng oxy hda DPPH: Phuong phap phdn tich tham chieu tiieo Thaipong va cfv (2006).
Dung dich g6c DPPH dupe chudn hi bdng each hda tan 24 mg DPPH trong 100 mL methanol va bao quan d -20''C. Pha loang dung dich gdc DPPH vdi methanol de cd dd hap thu la 1,1 ± 0,02 don vi khi do mau 0 budc sdng 517 nm. Sau dd lay 150 pi dich chidt polyphenol cho vao 2850 pi dung dich DPPH rdi dd trong bdng toi 30 phut. Dp hap thu quang hpc dupe do b hude sdng 517 nm cung dng ddi chimg chi chiia methanol. Dua vdo phuong trinh dudng chuan ascorbic acid, kha nang chdng oxy hda dupe the hien tiieo mg AAE/100 ml mdu.
Hiiu suat thu hdk Khdi luong man sau loc
*100/khdi luong mdu tnrde lpc.
Nong do chat rdn hda tan: Sir dung khuc xa ke Atago (0-33%). pHm dung may do pH. Mat do nam men xac dinh bdng each su dung budng dem hdng cau Throma (Nguydn Ngoc Hai, 2012). Dp cdn:
phuong phap chung cat cdn (Le Thanh Mai va ctv.
2009). ThdngsdL*, a*, va b*. xac dinh hdng may do mau Konica Minotal CR-400 (Nhat Ban). Ham luong dudng khtr phdn tich bdng phuong phap DNS (Miller, 1959).
2.3. Phuong phdp xu li sd li§u
Cae sd lieu thu thdp dupe xu ly thdng ke bdng phdn mdm JMP 10.0 va tinh todn, ve dd tiii bdng Excel 2011.
3. KFT QUA NGHBU CUU
3.1. Tlidnh phan hda ly ciia cdc bd phan trong trdi thanh long rudt dd
Vd thanh long chiem khoang 30% ty le khdi lupng toan trdi. Chi sd L*, a* va b* the hien thit va vd cd mau dd, trong dd thit trdi cd cudng dp mdu dam hon vd. Ket qua phan tich cdc hpp chat sinh hpc the hien trong bang 1 chi ra rdng phdn tai trdi cd hdm luong polyphenol tdng cao nhdt (55,68 mg/100 g), sau dd la phdn thit qua (47,18 mg/100 g) vd vd (37,49 mg/100 g). So sanh vd ham lupng vitamin C, phan thit cd phdn nhidu hon. Tiep tuc phan tich chi sd chdng oxy hda, tiieo bang 1 phdn tai trai cao gap 2,8 ldn so vdi phan thit, cdn phan vd gap gdn 1,3 ldn so vdi phan thit trai.
Ham lupng betacyanin d phdn thit trai cao hon (13,27 mg/100 g vat chat khd) so vdi phan vd va ehidm rat it trong phdn tai mdu xanh cua ti-ai. Ket qua trong nghien ciiu cd sir khdc biet vd hdm lupng cac hop chat sinh hpc so vdi cac tdc gia khac khi cimg nghien ciiu vd dac diem trai thanh long rudt dd:
Choo va ctv (2011): 22,42 mg/100 g thit ti-di a P C ) , 32,65 mg/100 g tiiit trai (Vit C); Nunil va ctv (2014):
49,49 mg/100 g tiiit frai (JPC), 24,66 mg/100 g tiiit b-di (Vit O ) ; 29,19 mg/lOO g thit h-ai (betacyanm);
Liaotraokoon (2013): 16,33 mg/lOO g thit trdi (TPC);
9,85 mg/100 g tiiit trai vd 12,95 mg/lOO g vd trai (vitamm C), 19,98 mg/100 g vd hai va 16,53 mg/100 g thit trai (Betacyanin). Didu ndy cd the do su khdc biet ve didu kien canh tac; gidng ciing nhu dp chin nguyen Heu... Nhin chung cdc hpp chat cd trong cdc bd phan cua trdi thanh long rudt dd deu cd loi cho sice khde (NurUyana vd ctv, 2010). Theo nghidn ciiu cua Jamilah va ctv (2011), vd thanh long cd ham lupng dudng tdng 8,38%. Kdt qua phdn tich trong bang 1 cho thay, thit va vd qua cd ham lupng tdng chdt rdn hda tan ldn lupt la 12,31% va 5,7%. Do dd, trong qua trinh len men rupu can bd sung them
KHOA HOC C 6 N 6 NGHE
ducmg. pH cua vo va thit qua 4,5-5,0 phii hop cho qua trinh ten men ruou.
Bang 1. Th6ng sd h(ia Ijr cua n m v t a U^u thanh lonff n.nt AA rw„Wv.™,. W,r/.m,l hmi Noi dung*
Tong chat ran hoa tan ("Brix) pH
Ham luong nuoc (9&) Do Cling thit (kgf/cm^
Ti le % khoi luong so voi toan trai**
Ham luong ascorbic acid (mg AAE/100 g)
Ham lugng polyphenol (mg GAE/100 g)
DPPH (mg AAE/100 g) Ham lupng betacyanin (mg/100 gvck)
L*
a*
b*
Thit qua 12,31*0,76
4,57 ±0,13 85,14+1,65 0,86 ±0,21 64,62 ±4,25
16,35±4,53 47,18 ±8,29 16,95 ±6,07 14,20 ± 1,76 30,73+0,97 41,93 + 1,88 6,17+0,87
Votrai 5,7 ±0,48 4,91 ±0,19 91,52+1,20
-
19,98+2,35 10,63 + 2,80 37,49 ± 3,40 7,58 ± 2,50 5,82 ±0,69 50,38 ± 2,43 30,95 ±1,87 -12,99 ±0,73
Tai trai
-
92.41 ±0,43
-
7,89+1,83 9,98 ±2.15 55,68+9,73 17,41 ±3.04
65,10 ±0,87 7,53 ±1,70 18,55 ±9,22 Ghi chii: -: Khdng xac dinh, 'N-8 '': Cudng 0-ai chidm 7,5% ± 1,28.
3,2. Anh huong cua ty 16 phdi trfin thit: vo ddn 1**" B** *"' ™ ""*" *3°*- Luc nay, co thd frong mdi bidn ddi qu4 trinh ten men rupu '™°"S Widng con du chlit dmh duong, ham luong
con cao da dan den su suy vong cua nam men.
3.2.2. Bien doi do cdn 3.2.1. Mat do nam men
1?
24 IS " : '!(. i : i i 144 Tlioi siaii leii men (sia)
-•-"100.0" - ^ - " 8 0 : 0 " - . - " " o . M "
~"f.o"4ii" -*-"ii mil"
Hinh 1. Anh hirdng cua ty 1§ phdi trdn thitvo ddn bidn ddi mat dd ndm men
Hinh 1 cho thay sau 20 gid len men dau tien, nam men trong 5 mlu cd xu hudng phat trien manh, mat dd te bao tang tir lO'^-lO^ tb/ml; tuy nhien mlu khong bd sung vo cd tdc dp tang cham hon so voi miu bd sung vd. Trong 60 gid ten men tiep theo, mat dp te bao nam men trong cac mau vin tiep tuc tang va dan dat gia tri cue dai, tuy nhien tdc dp da din dn dinh; cd thd luc nay nim men da gin tien vao pha can bing. Sau khoang thin gian tren, bit dau ghi nhan hien tuong suy giam te bao nam men, cu the sau khoang 80 gid ddi vdi mlu >3096 va sau khoang
ab all
"too 0" "SO 20" ""0 30" "(.11 40" "0 100"
T>le thit qllit:v6(2 2) Hinh 2. Anh hudng cda ty te phdi trOn thit vd ddn
bidn ddi ndng dp cdn
Dp cdn tang dan thee ty le vp bd sung va cd sir khac biet thdng ke (p<0,05) gitia cic gia tn nay (Hinh 2). Miu phdi trpn thit : vd theo ly Id 100:0, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40 va 0:100 cb do cdn lan lupt la 10,67%, 11,67%, 12,17%, 12.17% va 12,33%. Ket qua muc 3.2.1 cho thIy ty le bd sung vo thanh long tang lam tang kha nang tang tnrdng cua nam men: do do, nam men sir dung dupe nhieu hem chat rIn hda tan trong dich qua dd chuyen hoa tao thanh cdn.
3.2.3. Bien ddi nong do chat ran hoa tan va pH
62 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 4/2020
KHOA HOC CdNG NGHE
Thdi giaii len men (2id) anonvd —•— tofi^'ovo
Hinh 3. Anh hudng cua ty l€ ph6i trOn thit vd d^n bi^n d6i n6ng dO t6ng ch^t r ^ hda tan OV v^ pH (B) Hinh 3 cho thay ty le vd bd sung anh hudng
khdng nhi6u d^n su bi^n thien TSS, pH. Ham lugng TSS va pH giam dan theo thdi gian len men, ca 5 nghiem thuc d^u cd sir suy giam tir 22''Bx xuong cdn S-T^Bx, pH giam tu 4,42-4,46 xudng cdn khoang 3,70.
3.2.4. Bien ddi ham lucmg dudng khu
g "lOnO" "SO 20" ""0 30" "60-10" "0 100"
Tyle (liit(|U;i:vd(2 £) Hinh 4. Anh hirdng cua ty 1$ phdi trOn thit vd d^n
hi^n d6i h ^ lupng dudng khu Ham luong dudng khu trong rupu sau len men chiu tac dpng cua ty le vd bo sung, giira cac nghiem thiic khac biet y nghia thdng ke (p<0,05). Ty le bo sung vd cang cao, ham lupng dudng khu trong rupu sau I6n men cang giam. Thdng sd nay dat gia tri cao nhat va thap nhat la 9,52 g/L va 5,78 g/L lan luot d mau rupu cd ty 16 phdi trpn 0% vd va 100% vo.
Nguyen nhan cd the la do, nam men trong cac mau h6 sung vd phat trien nhanh hon so vdi cac m^u khdng bo sung (ket qua muc 3.2.1); dieu nay cho thay nam men trong m^u bo sung vd da su dung nhieu dudng khii trong dich qua de tang trudng.
3.2.5. Ty li betacyanin cdn lai trong ruou vang sau qua trinh len men
Ty le phdi trdn thit vd khac nhau trong thanh phan dich qua da anh hudng manh me den su bien ddi % betacyanin trong rupu sau ldn men. Hinh 5 cho thay % betacyanin cdn lai sau len men lan lupt la 70,51% va 57,89% tuong ung ddi vdi m^u phdi trdn 0%
va 30% vd. Di^u nay la do vd thanh long rudt do cd ham luong betacyanin it hon so vdi thit trai. Miu rupu cd ty le vd bo sung cang cao thi cd mau dd tim dac trung, hap din cua thanh long rudt do cang kem, dp con cang tang.
-
M
« ii,
'^ Si',
Ty 1^ tlut <niii:\ o Hinh 5. Anh hudng cua ty Id phoi trOn thit vd d^n %
betacyanin cdn lai sau I6n men 4. KET LUAN
Vd thanh long chi^m ty le 30% so vdi tong khdi lupng trai va cd chiia mdt sd hpp chat cd loi cho siic khde betacyanin, polyephnol. Ung dung vd thanh long rudt dd trong chd bien rupu vang thanh long rupt dd giiip qua trinh len men difin ra hieu qua. Tuy nhien dieu nay lam giam betacyanin cdn lai cua ruou
63
KHOA HOC CdNG NGHfe
s a u len m e n c u n g n h u l a m g i a m s u heip d^n vd m a u s d c c u a s a n p h a m .
TAIUEUTHAMKHAO
1. Choo W. S. and Yong W. K , 2011. Antioxidant properties of two species of Hylocereus fruits.
Advances in Apphed Science Research, 418-425.
2. Jamilah B., Shu C. E., Kharidah M., Dzulkifly M. A. and Noranizan A., 2011. Physico-chemical characteristics of red pitaya {Hylocereus polyrhizus) peel. International Food Research Journal 18, 279- 286.
3. Harivaindaram, K. V., Rebecca, O. P. S. and Chandran, S., 2008. Study of optimal temperature, pH and stability of dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) peel for use as potential natural colorant Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 2259-2263.
4. ISO 14520-1:2015. Phuang phap do polyphenol
5- Kapur, A, Haskovic, A. Copra-Janicijevic, A, Klepo, L., Topcagic, A., Tahirovic, I., Sofic, E., 2012.
Specfrophotometric analysis of total ascorbic acid contetnt in various fruits and vegetables. Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 39-42.
6. Liaotrakoon W., (2013). Characterization of dragon hnit (Hylocereus spp.) components with valorization potential PhD thesis, Ghent University, Belgium.
RESEARCH ON REPLACEMENT OF FLESH BY RED DRAGON FRUIT PEEL IN WINEMAKING {Hylocereus polyrhizu^
H o a n g Q u a n g B i n h , D u o n g T h i N g o c D i e p S u m m a r y
T h e study investigated the applicabihty of red flesh dragon fruit peel in winemaking. T h e results show that replacing a part of flesh fruit by peel helps accelerate the growth of y e a s t Wine samples with flesh: peel ratio is 70:30 h a s of alcohol content (12.17%) higher than the sample using only 100% pure flesh (10.66%).
However, the ratio flesh: peel increase leading to decrease recovery yield from 70.70% to 50.07%. Besides that, the betacyanin retenhon after fermentation decreased from 70.51% to 57.88%. T h e application of dragon fruit peels in wine processing does not affect the fermentation process but the impact on the stability of betacyanin.
Keywords: Dragon fruit peel, winemaking, alcohol content, betacyanin.
N g i ^ p h ^ bifin: TS. Nguyen Manh Dung Ng^y n h ^ b ^ : 29/10/2019
Ng^y thdng qua phan bi$n: 29/11/2019 NgAy duyet dang: 6/12/2019
7. Le Thanh Mai va ctv, 2009. Cac phuong phap phan tich ngdnh cdng nghi lin men. Nha xuat ban Khoa hpc va Ky thuat, 61-62.
8. Miller, G. L, 1959. Use of dinihosalicylic add reagent for determination of reducing sugar.
Analytical Chemistiy. 426428.
9. Nguydn Ngpc Hai. 2012. Thuc hanh: Nghiin cuu vi sinh vat Nha xuat ban Lao ddng, trang 9-65.
10. Nurul, S. R. and Asmah, R.. 2014. Vanability in nutrihonal composition and phytochemica!
properties of red pitaya {Hylocereus polyrhizus) from Malaysia and AusfraUa. Intemational Food Research Jounial,lQS9-1697.
11. Nurliyana R., Syed Zahir L, Mustapha S. K., Aisyah M. R. and Kamarul R. K., Antioxidant study of pulps and peels of dragon fruits: a comparative study.
International Food Research Jouwal, 367-375.
12. Thaipong K., Boonprakob, U., Crosby K, Cisneros-Zevallos L., Byrne D. H., 2006. Comparison of ABTS, DPPH, FRAP and ORAC assays for estimating antioxidant activity from guava fruit exfracts Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 669-675.
13. Stintzing F. C , Schieber A., and Carle R (2002), Betacyanms in fruits from red-purple pitaya, Hylocereus polyrhizus (Weber) Britton & Rose.
Food Chemistiy, 10M07.
64 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 4/2020
