KINHTE
PHAT TRIEN HOAT DQNG
XUAT KHAU TAI C H 5 THONG QUA DU LICH TAI VIET NAM
• NGUYEN VAN TUYEN
TOM TAT:
Viet Nam la mdt trong nhffng qud'c gia cd nhieu tai nguyen thien nhien vd tdi nguyen nhan van dac trffng, phong phu phu hdp de phdt trien du lich. Du Hch khdng ehi giup qudng bd hinh dnh dd't nffdc vd eon ngffdi Viet vdi the' gidi ma cdn gdp phan khdng nhd eho sff phdt trien kinh te' - xa hdi thdng qua viec xua't kh^u tai chd cdc san pham du lich vd cac san pham lien quan.
Bai viet phan tich thffc trang hoat ddng xulTt khau tai cho thdng qua nganh Du lich, tff dd de xua^t mdt so giai phap cd ban nham phat tridn hoat dpng nay theo hffdng ben vffng.
Tuf khoa: Xud't khiu. du lich, xud't khau tai chd, phat trien du lich, du lich Viet Nam.
1. Dat vS'n de
Hidn nay, du lich dffdc xem Id mot trong nhffng nganh kinh te' Idn nhd't the' gidi, chie'm hdn 30%
long gia tri thffdng mai ve dich vu vd la ngdnh cd td'c dp tang trffdng nhanh nha't. Trong bd'i canh do, cac nffdc dang phat trien cd nhieu cd hdi de phat tridn ngdnh "cdng nghiep khdng khdi" nay, Viet Nam la mdt trong nhffng qud'c gia cd nhieu tdi nguyen thien nhien va tai nguyen nhan van ddc trffng, phong phu de phat tridn du lich.
Trong giai doan hien nay, Viet Nam da tffng bffdc "tich cffc hpi nhap qud'c td de phat trien da't nffdc; nang cao vi the' vd uy tin ciia Viet Nam trong khu vffc va tren thd' gidi" (Dang Cdng san Viet Nam, 2016). Cung vdi tie'n trinh hdi nhap qudc te', du lich Vidt Nam da dffdc chu trpng phdt tridn nhff Quyet dinh sd 2473/QD-TTg, ngay 30
thang 12 nam 2011 cua Thu tffdng Chinh phu phe duyet "Chie'n Iffdc phat tnen du lich Viet Nam de'n nam 2020, tam nhin de'n nam 2030" vd gan day nha't la sff ra ddi Nghi quye't sd 08-NQ/TW ngay 16 thang 01 nam 2017 cua Bd Chinh tri "ve phdt trien du Hch trd thanh nganh kinh te' mui nhpn" va xem "Sff phat trien cua nganh Du lieh da va dang gdp phan thuc da'y chuyen dich cd ca'u kinh le'vd xua't khau tai chd; bao tdn va phdt huy gid tri di san van hda. ldi nguyen thien nhien; tao nhieu viec lam, nang cao ddi sd'ng nhan dan; day manh qua trinh hdi nhap qud'c id', quang ba hinh anh da't nffde, con ngffdi Viet Nam" (Dang Cdng san Viet Nam, 2017).
Cung vdi cac nganh nghe kinh te' khac, du lich nffdc ta da va dang phat irien ra't manh me, thu hut nhieu du khach trong vd ngoai nffdc, chiem
ty trpng cao trong chuydn dich cd cS'u kinh te'.
Ben canh viec tao cdng an viec lam cho ngffdi dan, gdp phdn dam bao an sinh xa hdi, giff vffng an ninh, qud'c phdng, nganh Du Hch Viet Nam cdn ddng vai trd quan trpng keo theo sff phal trien cac nganh nghe khac. Dac biet, hoat ddng du lich cua khdch qud'c te' mang lai ngudn thu ngoai te Idn thdng qua viee tidu dung cac san pham du lich, cdc sdn pham khac trong ca nffdc. Thffc eha't. day la boat ddng xuat khd'u tai ehd vi ede san pham difdc sff dung tai chd ma khdng vUdt qua bien gidi Viet Nam nhff nhffng hoat ddng xua't ichau hang hda thdng thffdng.
2. Xud't khau tai chd thdng qua du lich 2.1. MQI SO khdi niem cdbdn
Bach khoa toan thff md cho rdng: "Xua't khau hay xud't cang, trong ly ludn thffdng mai qud'c te' Id vide ban hang hda va dich vu cho nffdc ngoai, trong cdch tinh todn can can thanh todn qud'c td' theo IMF la viec ban hang hda cho nffde ngoai".
Theo dinh nghia nay, xua't khau ddng nghia vdi xua't cang, nghia la xua't khau la viec ban hdng hda va dich vu ra khdi lanh thd. Theo cac nha kinh te hpc, xua't khau la gid tri cua todn bd Iffdng hang hda va dich vu san xud't dffdc nffde ngoai mua. NghTa la, xud't khd'u dffdc hieu rdng hdn la khdng gidi han khdng gian trong viec mua hang hda vd dich vu cua ngffdi nffdc ngoai.
Xuat khau tai chd Id mdt hinh thai xua't khau ma trong dd ngffdi eff tru ban hang hda vd dich vu cho ngffdi khdng cff tru trdn lanh Ihd nffdc cua ngffdi cff tru. Hinh thffc xud't khau tai chd gidm thieu dffdc cac rui ro, ehi phi trong qud trinh van chuyen hdng hda, dich vu (Nguydn Vdn Lffu.
2013).
Trong boat ddng du lich qud'c le' thu ngoai te, nhieu hang hda va dieh vu dffdc du khdch nffdc ngoai sff dung trong sud't chuye'n di. Thffc chd't, day Id hoat ddng xua't khau tai chd thdng qua du lich vi hdng hda, dich vu du lich dffdc ban khdng vffdt qua bidn gidi cua mdt qud'c gia.
Theo dd. Nguydn Van Lffu (2013) dd dmh nghia. xua't khau tai cho thdng qua du lich la qua trinh ban hang hda. vat cha'l vd dich vu cho du khach qud'c te'vao, thu ngoai le trffc tie'p hodc thu
dong ndi le dffdc quy ddi, trong pham vi lanh thd eua nffdc md khdch de'n du lich.
Theo cdc khai niem tren cd the hieu, ba't ky san pha'm ndo dffdc khach du lich qud'c te mua hay tieu diing trong pham vi mdt lanh thd cua nffdc ma khach de'n du lich deu Id nhffng san pha'm dffdc xud't khd'u tai chd, thdng qua du lich.
Nhif vay, hau he'l eae san pham du lich va cac san pha'm lien quan de'n du lich cd the dffdc xem la nhffng san pham xud't kha'u tai chd thdng qua du lich.
2.2. Tam quan trpng cua xud't khau tai cho thong qua du lich
Cung nhff hoat ddng xud't khd'u ndi ehung. xuat khau thdng qua du lich cd vai trd quan trpng phdt trien kinh td'- xa hdi eua mdt qud'c gia thdng qua viec thu ngudn ngoai te, md rpng vd thiic day quan he dd'i ngoai, phuc vu cdng viec bao tdn va phdi huy cac gid tri thien nhien. van hda eua da't nffdc.
Hoat ddng xud't khau thdng qua du Hch Id dpng Iffe chuyen dieh ed ca'u ngdnh kinh td'theo hffdng hien dai bang each thuc day sdn xud't ede nganh dich vu dac biel la djch vu du lich tai nhffng viing, midn, dia phffdng ed nhieu tiem ndng phat tridn, de tff dd tao dpng life keo theo cac ngdnh nghe khac cung phdt trien nhu'giao thdng vdn tai, ngan hang, bao hidm, thffdng mai, y te, thdng tin, van hda... giup da dang hda vd md rdng thi tnfdng sdn pham. gidi quydt cdng an viee lam cho cdng dong dan eff tai dia phffdng. Hoat ddng du Hch se thiic day viec md rdng dau tff, san xud't hang hda, dich vu xuat kha'u. Ben canh do, xud't khau tai cho thdng qua du lieh edn tao ra ngudn vdn nhap khau nhffng hdng hda/dich vu dap ffng nhu eau lieu dung trong nffde ngdy cang da dang, phong phii, giup phat trien va ndng cao ddi sdng kinh te, tinh than cho nhan dan.
Xuat kha'u tai chd thdng qua du lich la mpt hinh thffc xud't khau cd nhieu ifu the ndi trdi nhff xuat khau dffdc nhieu hang hda de khdch du lich mua va sff dung tai chd ma khdng qua nhieu khau phffc tap nhff hai quan. chpn !pc. ddng gdi, van chuyen. Dieu nay giup tie't kiem du'dc nhieu chi phi, ha gia thdnh san phd'm. Xud't khau tai ch6
KINH TE
thdng qua du Hch cung cd thd xud't khau nhffng hang hda tffdi, sd'ng, khd bdo quan nhff hoa, qua, thffc pham,... nen giam thidu nhieu rui ro.
3. Thi^c trang xud't khd'u t^i ch5 thdng qua du lich tgi Vi^t Nam
3.1. Tdi nguyen thu hut khdch du lich qud'c te Dffdc sff ffu dai ve dieu kien tff nhien, Viet Nam ed nhieu tiem nang du Ijch phong phii, da dang vdi bd bien dai, nhidu rffng, nui, hang ddng, nhidu cdng trinh kie'n true cd va nhieu Id hdi dae sac. Mac du cdn nhieu khd khan trong viec khai thdc, nhffng nam gan ddy nganh Du lich Viet Nam cung da thu hiit hang trieu khach du lich irong va ngoai nffdc, gdp ph^n dang ke cho nen kinh td'qudc ddn.
Tdi nguyen du lich tu nhien
Viet Nam cd bd bie'n dai 3.260 km, vdi 125 bai lam bidn, trong dd hau he't la cdc bdi tdm ra't dep va thuan Idi cho khai thdc du Hch (Nha Trang, Mui Ne. My Khd. Phu Qud'c, Nhat Le, Lang Cd,... Id nhffng bai lam dep bac nhd't Viet Nam vd dffdc nhieu td bdo nffdc ngoai danh gid cao).
Viet Nam cd 30 vffdn qude gia, 400 ngudn nffde ndng, tdng sd'hang dpng dffdc phat hien len tdi gan 1000 hang ddng (trong do ed nhieu hang ddng dep tuyet pha'm nhff Hffdng Tieh, Bich Ddng. Phong Nha).
Viet Nam cd trdn 3500 hd ehffa cd dung tich Idn hdn 0,2 trieu m-\ nhieu hd da va dang dffdc khai thdc thanh khu du lich qud'c gia (Ho Ba Be, Ho Nui Cd'c). Ngudn nffdc ndng. nffdc khoang thien nhien d Viet Nam ra't phong phu nhff sud'i khoang Quang Hanh (Quang Ninh), sud'i khodng Kim Bdi (Hda Binh), sud'i khoang ndng Bang (Quang Binh). sud'i khoang Hdi Van (Binh iinh), sud'i khoang Due My, Thap Ba (Nha Trang), sud'i khoang VTnh Hao (Binh Thuan), sudi khoang ndng Binh Chdu - Ho Cd'c (Ba Rja - Vung Tdu)...
Nhffng vffng nffdc khoang ndng nay da trd thanh dia did'm nghi ngdi vd phuc hdi sffe khde dffdc nhieu khdch du lieh ffa chudng.
La qud'c gia trong vung nhiet ddi, nhffng nffdc la cd nhieu didm nghi mdt vung nui mang ddng dd'p dn ddi nhff nhffng dd thi nhd d ehau Au. do la:
Sa Pa, Tam Dao, Bach Ma, Ba Nd, Da Lat,.. Cde
diem nghi mdt nay thffdng d dp cao tren 1000m so vdi mat bien. Thi tra'n Sa Pa hd'p ddn vdi nhffng bi$t thff CO kinh va nhffng cdng trinh hien dai.
Ngoai ra, Vidt Nam cdn sd hffu nhieu vung tram chim va sdn chim, nhieu khu rffng qud'c gia ndi tie'ng vdi nhffng bd sffu tap phong phu vd ddng, thffc vat nhiet ddi nhff: Vffdn qud'c gia Ciie Phffdng d Ninh Blnh, Vffdn qude gia Cat Ba d Hai Phdng, Vffdn qud'c gia Cdn 0 a o d Ba Ria - Vung Tau. Trong do, vung trdm chim Tam Ndng (Dong Thdp), ndi cd ehim se'u dau do sinh sd'ng, trd thdnh trung tam thdng tin ve se'u dffdc tdi trd bdi quy qud'c te' ve bao ton chim. Vifdn Qud'c gia Phong Nha - Ke Bang vdi nhffng gid tri ddc sac ve Hch sff hinh thanh trdi dd't, lieh sff dia chd't, dia hinh, dia mao, canh quan ki vi, huyen bi, tinh da dang sinh hpc ciing vdi gia tri van hda - Hch sff dac sac, da dffdc UNESCO edng nhdn la Di san thien nhien the' gidi vao nam 2003.
Tdi nguyen du lich vdn hda
Di san van hda la san pha'm du lich cd sffe hd'p dan, thu hut ngay cang nhieu du khach trong nifde va qud'c te'. Ben canh cdc ye'u to ve ha tang, cd sd vat eha't - ky thuat, chuyen nganh vd ngudn nhan lire, di san van hda dffdc xem la nen tang, tru cot quan trong dd phdt tridn kinh te' du Hch vd la cdng cu hd trd tieh cife trong viee dinh vi hinh anh, xay dffng thffdng hie u du lieh Viet Nam.
Viet Nam la mdt da't nffdc cd be ddy Hch sff cua 54 dan tdc dd dd lai mdt kho tdng di sdn van hda do so, phong phii, da dang va ddc dao. Tinh de'n dau nam 2018, Viet Nam dd cd ta't cd 27 di san the' gidi dffdc UNESCO edng nhdn, trong dd cd 24 di san van hda vat the vd phi vat thd; 3 di san thien nhien (Phan Huy Xu. Vo Van Thanh.
2018). Cdc di san vdn hda vat the va phi vat the phai kd de'n. bao gom: 5 di san van hda la Qudn the di tich Co dd Hue, Dd thi c6 Hdi An, Khu den thap My Sdn, Trung tam Hoang thanh Thang Long - Ha Ndi, Thanh nhd Ho; 9 di san vdn hda phi vdi the la Nhd nhac Cung dinh Hue', Khdng gian van hda Cdng chieng Tay Nguyen, Ca Tru, Ddn ca Quan hp. Tin ngffdng thd cung Hung Vffdng. Ld hdi Gidng. Hat Xoan, Nghd thuat Ddn ca Tdi tff Nam Bd va Dan ca Vi - Giam Nghe
Tinh; va 6 di san tff lieu the' gidi la Bia da cde khoa Ihi tie'n sT Van Mie'u Qud'c Tff Gidm, Mdc ban Trieu Nguyen, Chau ban Trieu Nguyen, Mdc ban Kinh Phdt Thien phdi True Ldm chua VTnh Nghiem, Thp van tren kie'n true cung dinh Hue' va Mdc ban Trffdng hoe Phuc Giang. Ba di san thien nhien, bao gdm: Vmh Ha Long, Vffdn qude gia Phong Nha - Ke Bang va Khu Quan the danh thang Trang An. Dac biet, Viet Nam ed Cao nguyen dd Dong Van dffdc UNESCO cdng nhan la Cdng vien Dia chd't toan cau.
Hidn nay, tren ea nffde cd 117 bao tdng. trong dd cd 6 bao tang dffdc Bd Van hda. The thao vd Du lieh trffc tid'p qudn ly; 32 bao tang difdc cac Bp, nganh va doan thd khdc qudn ly vd 79 bao tang dffdc quan ly bdi cde cd'p ehinh quyen dia phffdng (Ddn theo Vu The Binh, 2016).
Cung vdi do la hang van di tich lich sff, van hda vd danh lam thdng canh dffdc cdng nhan di san. Chi tinh rieng di san van hda vat the, ifde tinh ed hdn 3.000 di san cap qud'c gia vd khoang 7.500 di san cd'p tinh vd nhieu cdng trinh di tich vdn dang dffdc thd'ng ke; he thd'ng cac Id hpi, lang nghd truyen thd'ng; van hda a'm thffc cua cdc viing midn, eua eae dan tdc; cdc di san van hda van nghd dan gian.
Vdi be day lich sff hdn 4.000 nam, Viet Nam edn giff dffdc nhieu di tich kie'n true cd gid tri, trong do cdn Iffu giff dffdc nhieu di tich cd ddc sac vdi dang ve ban dan nhff: Chua Mdt Cot, Chua Kim Lien, ChCia Tay Phffdng, Dinh Tay Dang va finh Chu Quye'n (Ha Ndi), Thap Phd Minh (Nam Dinh), Chua Keo (Thdi Binh), Chila But Thap va Dinh Bang (Bdc Ninh), Thap Cham (cac tinh ven bidn mien Trung) va kie'n triic eung dinh Hue.
Tdi nguyen ve con ngUdi
Net van hda ddc trffng cua ngffdi Viet Nam la mdt trong nhffng ye'u td' thu hiit khach du Hch qud'c te'. Thffc te'cho thay, nhieu du khdch qud'c te' de'n vdi Viet Nam thffa nhan, ben canh viec "me'n khach, yeu ngffdi", khdng it du khdch de'n vdi Viet Nam bang sff hieu ky rdng mdt ddn tdc nho be lai cd the quat nga dffdc nhieu sieu cffdng tren the'gidi. mdt ky tich ma khdng phai dan tdc ndo eung cd the lam difdc. Dd la ehinh Id tru\en
thd'ng yeu nffdc - dieu da trd thanh gia tri ba't bie'n trong mdi con ngu'di Viet, Id gia tri cd ban cua ngffdi Viet Nam. Nhffng gid tri tieu bieu nhat cua ngffdi Viet Nam da dffdc diic ke'l trong Nghi quye't Trung ffdng V khda XII: "Long yen nffdc ndng nan. y chi tff cffdng ddn tdc, tinh than doan ke't, y thffc cdng ddng gan ke't cd nhan - gia dinh - lang xa - td qud'c, long khoan dung, trpng nghia tinh dao ly, can cii sang tao trong lao dpng, sff tinh te' trong ffng xff, tinh gian di trong Id'i sd'ng"
(Din theo Phan Huy Xu, Vd Van Thdnh, 2018).
3.2. Thiic trang thu hut khdch du Ifch qud'c te tai Vift Nam
Viet Nam la mdt nffdc giau cd ve tai nguydn du Hch cd vd Iff nhidn Idn van hoa, ddc biet la cac di san the'gidi va con ngffdi. Khach du lich qud'c id de'n vdi Viel Nam vdi nhieu mue dich khdc nhau nhff thffdng ngoan canh quan thien nhien, trai nghiem cac gia tri van hda vat chd't vd linh than cua cdc ddn tdc cff tru tren Idnh thd Viel dffdc tich luy vd sdng tao trong qud trinh lao ddng tao ra eae he gid tri ddc thii. mdi la ma d da't nffdc hp khdng cd. Trong nhffng nam gan day, Viet Nam da thu hut dffdc hang trieu Iffdt khdch qud^c te'de'n tham quan va nghi dffdng. Sd'Iffdng khdch qud'c te' tang dan theo mdi ndm, ddc biet la tif nam 2016 de'n nay, con sd' nay da vffdt qua hdng chuc trieu (Bang 1).
Sff tang trffdng nhanh eua khach qud'c te'trong nhffng nam gan day tuy khdng dn dinh nhffng nhin chung td'c dd tang trffdng binh qudn trong giai doan ndy eung dat de'n 16,94%, Id mdt tin hieu kha quan dd'i vdi nganh Du Hch Viet Nam. Ddc biet, nam 2019 danh da'u thanh edng cua du lich Viet vdi lu'dng khdch qudc te dat tren 18 trieu Iffdt ngffdi, cao nhd't tff trffdc de'n nay. Ben canh viec day manh edng tdc xuc tien, quang ba. chat Iffdng du lich dang cd nhffng cai thien tich cffc nham tao sffe hut dd'i vdi khach qud'c te'. Viet Nam tiep tuc giff vffng danh hieu "Diem de'n hang dau chdu A" nam thff hai lien tie'p do Giai thffdng Du lich The gidi (WTA) 2019 binh chpn (Cong thdng tin dien tff Chinh phii. 2020).
Trong giai doan 2010 - 2019, td'c dp tdng irffdng trung binh ciia khach qud'c te'de'n vdi Viel
KINHTE
Bang 1. So IJOt khdch quoc tedin Viet Nam giai dogn 2010-2019
Nam
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
long so (tri#u iuot)
5.0000 6,0140 6,6477 7,5724 7,8743 7,9437 10,0100 12,9000 15,5000 18,0086 Trung binh
lang tnidng
(%)
34,8 19,1 9,5 10,6 4 0,2 26 29,1 19,9 16,2 16,94%
PhUdng ^n den Dudng hang l^hong
SolUdt
3,8290 6,0316 5,5759 5,9800 6,2202 6,2700 8,2600 10,9000 12,5000 14,3775
lang fmdng
(%)
23,9 10,8 7,2
4 0,8 31,7 32,1 14,4 15,2 15,67%
Dudng bien SoiUQlt
mu)
0,0501 0,0463 0,2855 0,1933 0,0476 0,0607 0,2848 0,2588 0,2163 0,2641
lang tnidng
(%)
-8,3 0,8 -32,3 -75,4 27,5 67,7 -9,1 -16,8 22,7 -2,58%
Dudng b^
Soluot (tritu) 0,9380 0,9361 0,9862 1,3991 1,6066 1,5022 1,4700 1,8000 2,8000 3,3670
lang tmdng
(%)
-0,2 5,4 41,9 14,8
•6,5 -2,3 19,5 59,6 20,4 16,96%
NguSn: Cong thong tin dien td Chinh phd (2020) Nam bang dffdng hang khdng la 15,67%, dffdng
bp tdng 16,96% va dffdng bidn giam gan 2,58%.
Theo dd. da so' khdch qud'e Id' de^n vdi nffdc ta chu yen bang dffdng hang khdng va cd sff tang trffdng manh trong nhffng nam gan day, thay the'dancho dffdng bd vd dffdng bien. Day la mdt trong nhffng ed hdi thuSn ldi eho viec phat trien nganh Hang khdng tai Viet Nam. (Cdng Ihdng tin dien tff Chinh phu. 2020).
3.3. Ve tong doanh thu tU khdch du lich quoc te
Trong giai doan 2010 - 2019, cd sff tang trffdng rd ret ve tong doanh thu du lich: Ne'u nam 2010 doanh thu du lich dat 3,5 ly USD thi de'n nam 2019, sau 10 nam, doanh thu dat hdn 11,8 ty USD - tang hdn gap 3,37 ian. Td'c dp lang trffdng binh quan trong giai doan nay cung dat dd'n 18,02%.
(Hinh 1)
Nhin chung, trong giai doan 2010 - 2019. moi nam nganh Du Hch Viet da thu hut hang trieu du khach qudc te'dd'n tham quan va nghi dffdng. So Iffdt khach qud'c te' tdng ddng nghia vdi vide kim
ngach xua't khau thdng qua du lich tai Viet Nam ed sff tang trffdng rd ret qua cdc nam trd lai ddy.
Dieu nay chffng to nganh Du lich Viet Nam dang tren da phat trien va quang bd hinh anh cua minh tren trffdng qud'c te'.
4. Mdt so' giai phap cd ban phat trien xua't khau tai chd thdng qua du lich tai Viet Nam
Vdi ldi the' ve tiem nang, hien nay, Viet Nam dang chii trpng "phdt tridn du lich ird thanh nganh kinh te'mui nhpn" nhff Nghi quye't sd'08-NQ/TW eua Bd Chinh tri ban hanh ngay 16/01/2017 da khang dinh: "Sff phdi tridn cua nganh Du lich da vd dang gdp phan thuc dd'y chuyen dich ed ed'u kinh td'vd xua't khau tai chd; bao tdn va phat huy gia tri di san van hda, tai nguyen thien nhien; tao nhieu viec lam; nang cao ddi sdng nhan dan; da'y manh qua trinh hdi nhap qud'c le', quang ba hinh anh da't nffdc, con ngffdi Viet Nam". Tuy nhien, hien nay, ngdnh Du Hch Viet phat tnen chffa xffng tam vdi tiem nang, ldi the' cua minh do nhieu nguyen nhan. Dffdi gdc dd thu hiit khach du lich quo'c te'. ndng cao hieu qua xud't khd'u lai chd
Hinh 1: Tong doanh thu Id khach du lich quoc le giai dogn 2010 - 2019
Ban vi: TY USD
L
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019Ngudn: Cong thdng tin dien td Chinh phu (2020]
thdng qua du lieh, nhdm tde gia dd xua't mdt sd' giai phap nhff sau:
Thii nhd't. d tam vT md. cac ca'p quan ly nha nffde ve du lich can cd nhffng giai phap vffa mang tinh cu thd vffa mang tinh chie'n Iffdc lau dai nhff chid'n Iffdc xdy dffng va phat trien thifdng hieu, hinh anh du Ijch; hffdng de'n muc tieu phdt trien du lich ben vffng; xay dffng chien lifPc tong the phat tridn khu vifc du lich, da'y manh hdp tdc song phifdng va da phffdng tao sff lien ke't, ddng bd cua td't ca cde ben Hen quan; md rdng sff tham gia va phd'i hdp cua cdc thanh phan kinh te'vao ITnh vffc du lich de phat trie'n du Hch ben vffng va hieu qua. Ben canh do, c^n ed sff cai thien cd sd ha tang du lieh, he thd'ng cd sd vat chd't ky thudi nham dap ffng nhffng nhu cau tieu dung cad cua khach du lich qud'c te'; can dp dung, trien khai sdm ve thu luc xud't nhap canh ddn gian cho du khach ma Chinh phu dang lam thi diem vd tao mpi dieu kien ihuan ldi ve cdc hoat ddng, sinh hoat cho khach du hch khi de'n vdi Viet Nam.
Thii hai, d tam vi md. dd'i vdi cdc doanh nghiep du lich va doanh nghiep lien quan can ddi mdi Iff duy ve kinh doanh du Ijch trong thdi ky hdi
nhap. Cudc each mang cdng nghiep Ian thff tff dang dien ra, can tich cffc ap dung eae thanh tifu khoa hpc trong vide quan ly. kinh doanh du lich;
can xdy dffng va thffc hien eae chie'n Iffdc. ke hoaeh kinh doanh, md rdng quy md, chu dpng tham gia vao cac boat ddng trong khudn khd phal trien du lich vung. cdc hiep hdi du lich tren quan diem, muc tieu, dinh hffdng cac chie'n Iffdc chung phal trien du lieh cua qud'c gia.
Thii ba, dffdc thien nhien ffu dai. Viet Nam ta mdt trong nhffng so' it da't nffdc cd nhieu tiem nang, ldi thd' ldi nguyen du lich tff nhidn. Nffdc la cd nhieu tai nguyen ve dia eha't, dia hinh. dia mao, khi hdu, thuy van. ddng - thffc vat da dang, phong phu vd rd't dac biet de thu hut khdch du lich qud'c te. Tuy nhien, cung can nhdn thffe dffdc rdng. du khdch qud'c te'de'n vdi Viet Nam khdng phai de chiem ngffdng cac cdng trinh kie'n tnic hien dai ma hp de'n day de tan hffdng nhffng gid tri ma thien nhien ban tang. Do dd. de phdt trien du lich mdt each ben vffng. tnfdc het can cd sff ddng bd trong quy hoach tong the du lich sinh thai, du lich tff nhien. khai thac du lich thien nhien can tinh den viec bdo \ e ngudn tai nguyen
KINH TE
thien nhidn va giff dffdc sff trong sach cua mdi trffdng. Dd'y manh cdng tac tuyen truydn, giao due ngffdi dan vd y thffc giff gin, bao ve mdi trffdng tff nhien, thie't lap he thdng phap luat vd xdy dffng quy lac bao vd mdi trffdng. Cac cd sd ha t^ng phuc vu du lich can thid't ke' hda nhap mdt edeh kheo leo va hai hda vao khung canh thien nhien, nffdng theo mau sac, ud'n minh theo thien nhidn. ban chd' de'n mffc td'i da sff cai tao mdt each cffdng bffc ve dia hinh, pha vd canh quan vdn cd.
Cd nhff vay mdi tao sff khdc bidt vd tao eho du khdch cd cam giac dffpe gan gui. hda minh vao thien nhien.
Thu" tu, du lich Viet Nam vdi nhieu lpi the' ve tai nguyen van hda md dac biet la cac di san van hda dffdc UNESCO cdng nhan, tao cac san pha'm du Hch khac biet va dang cd'p the' gidi trong vide thu hut khdch du lich qud'c te'. Trong dd, nhieu di san van hda khdng chi ridng cua ngffdi Viet ma thude vd nhdn loai, do dd mpi ngffdi deu ed quyen dffdc tie'p can, tan hffdng va cd trach nhiem dd'i vdi chiing. Vide phdt huy gid tri, gidi thieu, quang ba cac di san van hda the' gidi d Viet Nam Id rat can thie't de mpi ngffdi tren the' gidi bie't, chii y de'n va hieu dffdc gia tri cua chiing.
Ben canh viec phdt huy nhffng gid tri thi vide bao tdn cac di san van hda ed vai Ird quan trpng, can thay dd'i can ban trong nhdn thffc vd cdeh quan ly nham gin giff, bdo quan, tdn tao va nang gid tri cho eae di san van hda mdt each bdn vffng.
Thii ndm, mdt trong nhffng yd'u Id' quan trpng thu but khaeh qud'c te'den vdi Viet Nam la sff trai nghiem vd van hda, con ngffdi Viet Nam, trong do cd nhffng gia tri van hda tffdng ddng va nhffng gia tri khdc bidt. Do dd, can xay dffng nhffng chffdng trinh du lieh it nhieu cd long ghep vao do nhffng gia tri vdn hda truyen thd'ng. nhffng net van hda dac thu vdi nhffng nen van hda khdc.
Ndi de'n con ngifdi trong du lieh trffde he't can ndng cao tinh chuyen nghiep cua ngudn nhan life du lieh. Ben canh dd. can chu y nang cao nhdn thffc ve du lich cho cdng ddng dia phffdng trong each ffng xff vdi du khdch: Tdn trpng, van minh, lich sff, ma van giff dffdc vd nang cao gia iri truyen thd'ng cua ngffdi Viet.
Cud'i cung, san pham du lieh mang tinh tdng hpp cao, dffdc eung cap tff nhieu dd'i tffdng lien quan nhff khaeh du lich, tai nguyen du lich, nha eung ffng dich vu du Hch, cdng ddng dia phffdng.
quan ly nha nffdc. Do dd, de thu hut du khdch qud'c te' can phai da dang hda, nang cao eha't Iffdng san pha'm bang each thay ddi nhffng san phd'm cu, ddn dieu bdng nhffng san pha'm mdi la, ddc ddo, khdc biet, eha't Iffdng cao vffa mang tinh thdi dai, vffa mang tinh dan tde eiing nhif phai theo xu hffdng nhu eau ciia du khdch, ddc bidt Id khdch qud'c te'. San pha'm du Hch dffa ra phai dung tieu ehuan, tieu chuan chd't lu'dng toan cau, mud'n nhff vay thi can thffc hien ddng bd, chuyen nghidp va cd tinh canh tranh cao •
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO:
1. Vu The Binh (2016), Non nude Viet Nam. Xua'l ban lan thff 13. Sach hifdng ddn du lich -Ha Npi.
2. cdng Thong tin Dien tff Chinh phu (2010). Tinh hinh thffc hi6n phdt trien kinh te-xa hoi, cac nam giai doan 2010 - 2019. < http://chinhphu.vn/portal/page/portal/chinhphu/tinhhinhthuchien?categoiyId=869>
3. Dang C6ng san Viel Nam (2016). Bdo cdo ddnh gid ket qud thuc hien nhiem vu phdt trien kinh te - xd hoi 5 ndm 2011 - 2015 vd phuong hudng. nhiem vu phdt trien kinh te - xd hoi 5 nam 2016 - 2020.
4. Nguyin Van Lffu (2013), Xud't khd'u tai chS thong qua du lich, NXB, Van hda Thong tm
5. Ha Van Sieu (2018). Di san van hoa vdi phat trien du lich. Bao dien tff Tong cue Du lich dang ngay 26/07/2018. <hitp://vietnamtounsm.gov.vn/indexphp/iteins/26992>
6. Ptian Huy Xu - V6 Van Thanh (2018), Du lich Viet Nam ti^ ly thuyet d^n thuc tien, NXB Tong hdp Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh.
8. Tong cue Thong ke. Tinh hinh kinh te - xii hoi quy IV va n3m 2019. https://www.gso.gov.vn/defaiilt.asp.x?
labid^621&ItemlD=19454
Ngay nh$n bai: 12/5/2020
Ngay phan bi$n danh gia va sila chffa: 22/5/2020 Ngay chfl'p nhgn dang bai: 2/6/2020
Thdng tin tdc gid:
TS. NGUY6N VAN TUYEN
Trifolng Dai hoc Lao dgng - Xa h$i (Crf s8 II)
DEVELOPING THE ON-SPOT EXPORT ACTIVITIES THROUGH TOURISM PRODUCTS IN VIETNAM
• PhD. N6UYEN VAN TUYEN University of Labour Social Affairs - Campus 2 ABSTRACT:
Vietnam has various natural resources and great potential of humanities resources v^hicll could facilitate the development of tourism. Tourism does not only promote the country's images and people to the world but also significandy contribute to the socio-economic development via the on-spot export of tourism products and related ones. This article is to analyze the current situation of the on-spot export of tourism industry and propose some basic solutions to sustainably develop the on-spot export activities through Vietnam's tourism
Keywords: Export, tourism, on-spot export, tourism development, Vietnam's tourism.
