*>v . Ludi phdp hdng hdi _
DAY MANH CONG TAG DAO^AOjHUAWjygrEffl de nang cao hieu qua hoat dpng^TR(^f^
tren bien Viet Nann
Tong quan
Hoal dong ktnh t l hang hai giff vi tri quan trong frong su nghiep phat frien kmh le ciia Viel Nam vdi cac chuyen nganh nhu van tai bien, danh b i t nudi frong thuy san, du lich, dich vu hang hai, khai thac dau khi tren bien Su phat tnen cua cac nganh nghi tren bien cang gia tang ciing su tang trudng cua kmh te dat nudc, khu vUc va the gidi thi nguy CO xay ra tai nan, sU cd tren hien ngay mot nhieu Vdi dac diem ve vi tri dia ly nudc ta nam d khu vuc nhiet ddi gid miia, keo d i i til 8-30N din 23-30N, chju i n h hudng ding ke cua c i c cdn bio nhiet ddi xuit p h i t t d vung bien lay Thai Binh dUdng, cung vdi cac nguyen nhan chi^quan va khach quan tif con ngydi, trang thilt bi tham gia hoat dong fren hien, nen tai nan, sy co tren bien theo thong ke hang nam xay ra hang tram vu viec, lam thiet hai smh mang cua hing ngin ngudi, chim d i m , chay no hang tram phUdng tien cac loai, thiel hai hang ngan ty dong m l i nam,
Viet Nam l i mot quoc gia cd bien va cd ddi tau bien da va dang tham gia nhilu to chdc khu vuc v i the gidi v l hang hai, da Iham g\a, cdng nhan nhilu d i l u udc qudc t l cd lien quan d i n hoat
^..__ dgng tim kilm, cdu nan (TKCN) tren bien, frong ' ^ . dd d i n g ke n h i l l i Cdng udc qudc t l v l TKCN tren
2 4 HANG H\i VIET NAM • So 5/2013
bien nam 19/9 ISAR 79) Cac Oilu Udc quoc le lien quan din hoat dong lim kilm, cuu nan tren bien deu quy dmh rat rd v l trach nhiem, nghia vu cua cac quoc gia ven bien phai ben hanh cac hoal dong TKCN phil hop nham mye dich bao dam an toan va cdu tra kjp thai, co hieu qua cho nhffng ngudi dl bien, khong phan hiet quoc bch hoan canh, thai do chinh tn gap hoan canh nguy hiem den tinh mang fren bien. Dap ung vdi cac yeu cau, khuyen cao cua qudc te, ben canh viec tu nam 1996 Viet Nam d i to chile, duy tri hoat dong cua he thong TKCN quoc gia ddng dau la UBQG TKCN va cac ddn vi TKCN chuyen nganh (Hang khong, Hang hai, Thiiy s i n , Dau khi) vdi chdc nang thudng true thu nhan mgi thong bn b i o nan va to chffc hoat dgng TKCN ffng phd vdi cac bnh huong tai nan, su co xiy ra Iren viing bien Viet Nam va khu vyc lan can, dong thdi t d nam 2000, Chinh phu da cho phep nganh Hing h i i Viet Nam dUdc sd dung vdn ngan sich nha nydc de ddng tau chuyen dyng TKCN phuc vu cho boat dong TKCN cLia chuyen nganh TKCN hang h i i . nang cao hieu qua hoat dong cho he thong phoi hdp TKCN fren bien Viet Nam. D i e biet, b i nam 2003 ket hdp nguon v5n ngin sach n h i nddc cung ngudn von vien Irp tif Quy ORET cua Chfnh phii H i
Lan, Chinh phii da quylt dmh dau tu ddng 06 tau chuyen dung TKCN giao cho Trung tam Phdi hop TKCN hang hai Viet Nam (Tmng lam] quan ly, khai thac phuc vu cho hoat dgng phoi hop TKCN tren loan bd vung bien trach nhiem cua Viet Nam v&
02 loai SAR 4100 vdi chieu dai 41m, corg suat may 6 200 CV, tdc dd 26 knots, tam xa hoat dong 250 hai ly so lUdng 03 chiec va loai SAR 2?00 vOi chilu dai 2?m, cong suat may 2400 CV, tic do 19 knots, tam xa hoat dong 150 hai ly, sd lifdng 03 chiec Ben canh dd ttf nam 2000, Trung tim c6n dddc Nha niidc dau t u trang bi mgt s i loai ca-n5 TKCN de phuc vu cho boat ddng TKCN gin bd, bao gom loai ST 750, cong suat 450 CV va loai ST 660, cdng suat 150 CV
Vdi so lUdng phUdng ben chuygn dung l i u va ca-no TKCN dUdc frang bj, bo frf tai cic Cang vu Hang hai va cac Trung tam khu vyc, cic phifdrg ben chuyen dung fr^n da tham gia nhilu hoat dgng phdi hdp TKCN tren bien de dng cdu ngd^
va phddng ben hi nan fren bien mot cich kip th&i v i hieu q u i . Theo frilng ke hang nam, so Iddng phddng ben chuyen dung n i y tham gia khoing 40-50 lan hoat dong cilu hang tram ngUdi va h i n g chuc phddng ben hi nan fren vung biln Viet Nam ttioat khdi M\ frang nguy hiem.
_ Lugt plidp /ldng iidr Jt^
Nhu chung ta da bilt, doi vdi hat ky nganh nghe hay ITnh vyc nao, cdng lac dao lao, huan luyen deu dugc coi l i mot hoal dgng cd ban va ddng vai trd quan trpng i n h hudng den ket qua boat dgng do. Hoat dpng TKCN ndi chung va TKCN tren hien ndi rieng l i mgt ITnh vyc tuong dm mdi me, so vdi cic quoc gia hang hai tren I h l gidi va khu vuc, Viel Nam cdn cd mpt khoang each kha xa ve frang thilt hi, phUdng tien va kinh nghiem, nghiep vu ciia doi ngu can bo, ehuyen vien eong tac lai cac Tmng tam dilu hanh nghiep vu, dac biet la dgi ngu thuyen vien lam viec tren cac phUdng ben chuyen dyng TKCN (tau, ca-no), cho thay cdng tac dao tao, huan luyen can phai dUdc cac cap, cac nganh, cac to chifc, ddn vi cd lien quan chd trong v i dau tu thich dang
Dya vao cac yeu cau dat ra doi vdi hoat ddng TKCN duoc quy dmh, khuyen cao lai cac dieu udc qudc te cd lien quan den hoat ddng TKCN tren bien ma Viet Nam da tham gia, cdng nhan, cac van ban phap ly eua Viet Nam va dac hiel dya vao hoan canh thuc te ve hoat dgng TKCN tren bien Viet Nam trong nhDng nam qua, dJeu kien v l kmh le, xa h^j, sy phat tnen chung cua c i c hoal d6ngfr'§n biln, tinh hinh tai nan, sd co xiy ra fren vung bien frich nhiem cua Viet Nam va kha nang thyc te v l frinh do chuyen mdn nghi§p vu TKCN tren bien ciia d@i ngu friuyln vien t i u TKCfJ tren biln, n^ign cdu xu frie phat bien cua he thong phoi hdp TKCN fren bien frvng khu vi/c va frin the gidi de xiy dyng flypc mdt chi/dng frinh dao tao, huan luyin dSi ngu thuyen vien lam viec fren cac phUdng tien chuyen dung TKCN tren bien Viet Nam phu hdp vdi yeu cau cua IMO, d i p ling vdi thyc t i n ve cong t i c TKCN fren bien Viet Nam doi hdi
Qud trinh ado tao, huaii luyen nghlSp vu TKCN tr«n bien
D i o tao ban dau
100% s i lyyng can bg, nhan vien Trdc ban va dgi ngu thuyen vi§n tau TKCN dUdc Trung lam tuyen dung deu da tot nghiep c i c frudng, Idp nghiep vu hang h i i tif c i c bp, nganh khac nhau Mgt so Idn d i tham gia friyc t l cong t i e tren c i c phUdng tien boat dpng fren bien, vi vay, ft nhieu ho da dugc dao tao, huan luyen v i mot phan fr^ng sS 36 da tham gia thdc te v l hoat dong TKCN tren bien,
Ben canh nhiing diem dat dupc, thi cong tac huan luyen, dao tao lai c i c cd sd dao lao cdn ton tai mgt so bat cap nhu la do nhilu thinh phan tham gia die tao nen thudng thien ve dio tao ddn nganh vdi thdi gian dio lao khdng chuyen sau va lap tmng N5i dung dao tao thien ve ly thuylt, nhe v l thyc te huan luyen; kiln thffc dao tao chUa thyc sy phii hdp vdi friyc ben xay ra va
sy phit then cua nginh Hang hai, Ben canh do chua dUdc huan luyen, thyc t i p trong cac bnh hudng thuc t l , die biet l i cac tinh hudng gian kho, nguy hiem; thieu cac trang thilt bj chuyen dung de huan tuyen sd dung Ihuc te va dieu quan trgng nhat ngoai ngu chuyen nganh cdn yeu,
O d o t a o c o b d n
Sau khi dupc tuyen dyng v i o lam vigc lai Trung tam, lao dgng dUdc luyen dung lan lupt phai trai qua cac chuong frinh huan luyen cd ban ve nghiep vu TKCN tren bien tai cac Trung tam huan luyen nghiep vu TKCN tren hien,
De dao tao huan luyen ddi ngu thuyen vien lam viec tren cac tau SAR dUdc trang hi theo ChdUng trinh ORET Id nam 2004 Bo Giao thong van lai da phe duyet cho phep Trung tam ket hop vdi Trudng Trung hoc Hang hai I (nay la Trudng CD Hang hai 1) va Trudng DH Hang hai Hai Phdng to chdc 03 khda huln luyen nghiep vu TKCN tren biln vdi chUdng trinh, npi dung dao t^o huan luygn dugc Bd GTVT phe duyet, thanh phin tham gia l i nhQng tiiuyen vien l i m viec tren c i c phydngfrgn TKCN (tau, ca-no T O ) , chuyen vien cdng t i c tai cac Trung tam d i l u hanh TICN;
thdi gian dao tao 03 thing, hinh thdc dio tao tap tmng Kit q u i hoc tap tif 95-98% hoc vien tham gia d a t y i u c ^ u cua khda hoc
Khda huan luyen ndi tien, dudi sy chi dao tryc tiep cua Cue Hing h i i Viet Nam, cd sy tham gia phli hdp chat che cua 03 ddn v| dong to chdc, thinh phin tham gia hau het la so lao dong mdi dddc tuyen dung ^ c i c ddn vi van tai fren ca nydc. It nhieu da cd kiln thffc v l chuyen mon va thyc t l , t h i i dp hgc tap nghiem bJc nen da dat dUdc chat lUdng k h i cao, dip* dng vdi yeu cau cua n h i quan ly v i thyc ben ve cong t i c TKCN trgn bien Viet Nam yeu cau Tuy nhien, mgt so ton tai trong khda hgc nay la chuong trinh hgc phiic tap, khong cu the, rd ring cho tffng d l i tupng; tai lieu huin luyen chong cheo; dung cu, md phdng thiet bj phuc vu hoc t i p thieu; hoc vien cd trinh dd nhin thffc khic nhau, nhung lai ngoi chung mot Idp, hpc cung chUdng trinh, mot giio vien nen k i t q u i khdng dong bo,
Ngoii ra, hing nam UBQG TKCN chieu smh v i to chdc Khda huin luyen nghiep vu TKCN tren bien tai Trung t i m huan luyen nghiep vu TKCN dudng bien quIc gia , thdi gian d i o tao huin luyen 03 t h i n g thinh phan tham gia la nhffng c i n bo cong t i e tai cac bp, nganh, dia phUdng, cd quan, ddn vj, phUdng lien cd hen quan den hoat dpng TKCN , ngi dung ddao lao bao gom c i c kiln thdc, nghiep vu v l TKCN Iren hien theo giio trinh lAHilSAR Manual ciia To chile ICAO- IIVIO ban hinh.
Huan luyen thudng xuyen Can cd vao Quy che huan luyen nghiep vu TKCN hang hai, Ngi dung huin luyen nghiep vu TKCN hang hai, Tieu chi danh gia cdng tac huan luyen thudng xuyen, hang thing cac ddn vi true thuoc Trung tam deu ben hanh to chffc hoal dgng huan luyen nghiep vu TKCN tren bien cho doi ngu nhan vien True ban, sy quan, thdy thu, tho may tren lau vdi cac noi dung lien quan den nghiep vu, ky Ihuat TKCN tren bien, bOi Idi cffu nan va nang cao sdc chiu dung song gio lr§n bien Ngoai ra, cong t i c huan luyen, dao lao cdn bao gom huan luyen, dao lao nghiep vu lai nude ngoai, to chffc hdp luyen noi bo, dien tap phoi hop Iren bien vdi Idc luong da nganh trang va ngoai nUdc,
Cong tac lo chifc va duy fri hoat dong huin luyen thudng xuyen nghiep vu TKCI^ tren bien cho dpi ngu can bo, nhan vien Trdc ban, dieu hanh heal ddng TKCN va doi ngu sy quan, thuyin vien tren cac phUdng tien chuyen dung cua Trung tam da ti/ng budc trang hi mdi, hang hi lai va hoan chinh, nang cap frinh do chuyen man nghigp vg TKCN cd b i n , nang cao trinh do tilng Anh chuyen nganh,., cho hg de ho dan d i p ffngy§u cau nhiem vy dydc giao, nang cao hieu qua cong t i c , Tuy nhiin, do nhiing kho khan xuat p h i t ttf thuc te chu quan va khach quan tff kmh phf to chdc cdn han c h l , thilu thilt bj chuyen nganh, trinh do to chffc, huan luyen cua giao vien, k h i nang bIp thu cua hgc vien, sdc khde cua thuyen vien,.. nen boat dgng dao lao, huan luyen nghiep vu TKCN tren bien chua that sy da hoan hao, ttiyc chat,
s g c^n O i i ^ phai t d chuic dao t a o , huan luyen
Phat frien kmh te bien la nhiem vu quan frong doi vdi sy nghiep phat trien kinh le, sU nghiep xay dyng va bio ve To qudc Viet Nam xa hoi chu nghTa theo muc tieu tong q u i t cua Chien ludc phit tnen kmh le xa hdi Viet Nam 10 nam 2001- 2010 va lam nhin den 2020, theo bnh t h i n Nghj quyet Hgi nghi Trung uong 8 - Khda IX, Nghj quylt Dai hpi X ciia Oang va Nghi quyet Hoi nghi Trung Udng 4 - Khda X v l "Chien lUdc bien Viet Nam d i n nam 2020"
TutudngchidaotrongChilnlUdc Bien Viet Nam din nam 2020 la p h i l frien kinh t l bien phai toan dien, cd frgng tam frong diem vdi nhflng nganh cd Ifli the so sanh de sdm dda nudc ta trd thanh quoc gia manh v l kmh t l bien frong khu vyc, gan vdi d i m bio qudc phdng-an nmh va hop t i c quIc te, muc lieu d l ra la "Phin dau dua kmh t l bien ddng gdp khoang 53 - 55% GDP ciia ca nUdc"
Oe thuc hien muc tieu nay, c i n t h i l l phai p h i l trien, nang cao hieu qua cua hoat dong TKCN ndi Xem tiep trang 35 K>
HANG HAIVIET NAM • So 5/201 3
. Lugt phdp hdng hail
THONG BAO KY THUAT SO 004Tin3TB, NGAY 23/02/2013
VE VIEC AP DUNG QUY DjNH n-1/3-12 CUA CONG UOC S O U S VE B A O VC C H 6 K G T I ^ N G d N TREN TAU VA B O L U A T V E M O C DO TI^NG d N T R £ N T A U
T
ai Khda hqp friff 91 (thing 11/2012), Uy ban An toin hing hii (MSC) cua To chffc Hing hii quoc te (IMO) da thdng qua Nghj quylt MSC.338(91) sffa doi, bo sung dli vdi Cdng ffdc quoc t l ve an loan sinh mang con ngddi trin biln (SOLAS), dffa ra Quy djnh 11-1/3-12"Bio v6 chongbeng on", du kiln cd hi§u li/c til 01/7/2014, Quy djnh 11-1/3-12 ciia Cdng Udc SOLAS dua ra yeu cau ve bio vd chong blng on tren t i u bien nhff saU'
Doi vdi c i c tau c6 tong dung tich tir 1.600 trd len + Cd hdp ding ddng t i u vio hoac sau ngiy 01/7/2014; hoac + Trong frudng hdp khdng cd hdp ding ddng t i u , t i u dUdc dat song chinh hay d giai doan ddng l i u lUdng b l vao hoac sau ngay 01/01/2015; hoac
+ Tau dffdc bin giao vio hoac sau ngiy 01/7/2018 Tiu phii dUdc ddng sao cho lim giim tieng on frdn t i u v i bio ve chong blng In cho ngudi tren t i u phu hdp vdi Bp luat v l miic do blng
+ Cd hop dong ddng t i u trffdc ngay 01/7/2014 v i t i u dddc dat sing chfnh hay d giai dogn ddng t i u tffdng ty vao hoac sau ngiy 01/01/2009 nhffng trffdc ngiy 01/01/2015; hoac
-h Trong trffdng hdp khdng cd hdp ding ddng t i u , t i u duoc dat sing chinh hay d giai doan ddng t i u tffdng ^ vio hoac sau ngay 01/01/2009 nhffngfrffdc ngiy (11/01/2015
Phii thffc hien cic bi^n phap de lim giim blng on trong khu vuc buong may din mffc do cd the chap nhin dUdc do chinh quyln hang hii quyet djnh [Tham khio ^luat ve mdc do tiengon tren tau, dtfdc IMO tbdngqua bang Nghj quyet A.468(XII) ngay 19/11/1981}
Lien quan din van d l neu fr§n, cdn cd cic van kien sau ciia IMO, m i cic ddn vj phii nghien cffu i p dung frieo dung quy dinh'
- Nghi quylt 338(91) ngiy 30/11/2012 thong qua sila doi, bo sung doi vdi Cdng udc SOLAS,
- Bd luat ve mdc dp blng on fr§n tau theo Nghi quylt MSC.337(91) on fren tau, dUdc MSC thong qua bing Nghj quylt MSC.337(91) ngay ngiy 30/11/2012,
30/11/2012. - Bd luat v l mffc do blng on fren tau ttieo Nghj quyet A.468Q(II) Ddi vdi cac tau c6 tong dung tich td 1.600 trd len, dUdc ban ngiy 19/11/1981,
giao tnfdc ngay 01/7/2018 va: N.VH
DAY MANH...
chung v i TKCN fren bien ndi neng Mieu qua cda boat dpng TKCN se gdp phan bio dim an loan, tao tam ly an tam cho cic hoat dpng dau lu, phit tnen kinh t l bien. Kinh te bi^n cing phit frien frii cang cd kha nang huy dpng dUdc them nguon Iffc (con ngudi, phuong ben, vat chat, tai chfnh) tham gia vao phat triln nang cao hieu qui ciia hoat dpng TKCN taen bien thdng qua viec cii tiln, hoin thien he thong TKCN v i chfnh sich xa hoi hda boat ddng niy. Ngoii ra, hiiu qui cua boat dpng TKCN fren bien cdn gdp phan tti^c hidn viec bao ve chu quyen, quyln chd quyln ciia Viet Nam fren bi^n, the hien trach nhiem, nghTa vu cua quoc gia cd bien trong viec bio dim an toin, TKCN tren viing bien cua Viet Nam v i do Viit Nam dim trich. Thyc hien Chiln lupc Biln Viit Nam din nam 2020, nhiem vu nang cao hiiu qui cua boat ddng TKCN fren bien nhff mgt mat xich, bien phip quan frpng de bio dim an toin cho ngffdi, phuong tien tham gia cic boat ddng hang hii, phat trien kinh t l bi^n nham giim tdi mdc thIp nhlt thiet hai v l ngffdi, phffdng tidn, t i i sin, kinh t l , bio ve mdi frudng bien do friim hpa, tai nan, Sff CO b^n bien cd the giy ra.
Hoat dpng cl}u nhiing ngudi bj lam nan trin bien da frd frianh fruyen thong frong boat dpng
K> TiSp theo trang 25 hang hai, la trich nhiem nhan dao ddi vdj mdi to chffc, ca nhan Iren bien ca, ding thdi la nghTa vu, trich nhiem nhin dao ciia quoc gia ven bien frong dd cd Viel Nam. Hoat dpng TICN tren bien hi§u qua gdp phan quan frpng frong viec bao dam an toan n^di, phUdng lien hoat dgng fren bien de phat frien giao fridng hing hii, kmh te bien, on i^nh x i hpi,
Hoat dpng TKCN fren bien luon gan liln vdi bao dim an toin va ttiuc thi luat phap tren bien, lien quan din bao ve quoc phdng-an nmh, quyen va quyln chu quyln cua quoc gia tren bien, bio ve mdi fri/dng biln. Hoat dpng TKCN fren bien cung l i trach nhi^m, nghTa vu, quyen Idi cua Viet Nam frong viec thuc thi cic cam kit quoc t l trdn viing bien cda Vidt Nam va do Viet Nam dim frach, Nhat la khi Viet Nam da la thanh vien cua Cong ffdc cua Lien hidp quoc v l Luat Bien nam 1982, Cdng udc quoc t l ve TKCN (SAR 1979), Hiep dmh ASEAN ve ho trp tim kilm lau thuyin gap nan v i Cliu hp ngffdi song sdt frong tai nan tau friuyen 1975, Hiip dinh ASEAN v l quin ly friam hpa va ling phd khan cip 2005.,. lien quan den ITnh vffc TKCN tren bien.
Tim kilm, cUu nan ndi chung va TKCN hang hii ndi rieng la mot Ifnh vuc tUdng doi mdi me, so
vdi cic nudc lien tten Iren t h i gidi, Viet Nam cdn cd mpt khoing each kha xa c i v l frang ttiilt bi, phUdng ben, nangluc va kmh nghiem cua dpi ngQ cin bo, chuydn vien, nhan vien TKCN cung nhu cic ly thuylt chuyen nganh, cich thiic, phuong phip chl huy, dilu hanh v i friuc hien cac hoat dgng TKCN, Trang cac giai doan phat frien ciia minh, h§ thong phoi hgp TKCN hing hai cin cd mpt luc lupng lao dong lUdng dli Idn, dupc die tao chinh quy, chuyen nghiep, Chinh vi vay, doi vdi ITnh vyc TKCN hing hii, cong t i c die tao, huan luyen can phii dupc chu frgng va dau tu thich ding
IVluc lieu huan luyen dao tao dli v6i dpi ngu thuyen vien phii dim nhiem dUdc cac chffc nang thu nhin, xff ly thong tin bao nan kjp thdi, chinh xic; dilu hinh phUdng ben, trang thiet bi nghiep vy Ihinh thao; Nlm dupc nghiep vu cd ban ve TKCN va ky thuat cap cffu, sfl cffu doi tupng bj nan; la chi huy hien trudng phoi hpp tim kilm, cffu nan thanh thuc khi dffflc phan cong, thanh thuc trong viec thiel lap PhUdng an thdng bn hen lac vdi Tmng tam dilu hanh, phUflng ben h'en bien va Iren khdng frong qui tnnh thuc hanh hoat dong TKCN; freng Anh chuyen nganh tdt, cd sffc khde va sdc chm dyng sdng gid fren bien dip Ung yeu cau nhiem vu ddi hdii:^
HANG H A I V I £ T NAM • So 5/201 3
