NGHIEN CUU
RESEARCH
Hoan thien mo hinh co quan quan ly nha nifoc doi voi thi truong bao hiem Viet Nam
Nguyen Thi HOu Ai Bin Thi Thu H^
Tniong Dai hoc Lao dong - Xa hoi
Trong xu the phat triln cua thi trudng bao hilm ndi rieng va thi budng tai chinh ndi chung, cae tap doan tai chinh kinh doanh da nganh ngay mpt phat triln, cac san pham tich hgp, cae san phdm bdo hiem lien kit ddu tu duge cdc doanh nghiep chfl bgng triln khai. Tuy nhien, td ehflc bd mdy quan l;y' thi tnidng bdo hilm Yi^t Nam cdn bdt cap, chua thuc su hlpu qua va theo kip xu thd phat triln efla thi trudng. Do dd, bai vilt tdp tmng danh gia thuc bang md hinh co quan qudn ly thi hudng bdo hilm Met Nam, phan tich sau nhung bdt cap va xu thi phat tiiln efla thi budng bao hiem va thi tnidng tai chinh, cflng nhu tham khao td chuc eo quan quan ly Nha nude cua cac qudc gia cd thi trudng tai chinh phat triln nhdm 6k xudt giai phap hoan thi|n md hinh td ehflc CO quan quan ly Nha nude ddi vdi Uii trudng bao hilm Viet Nam.
1. Tj^ G)iirc ho may quan iy nha ntrdc thi tnrdng hao hiem Viet Nam
Ddi vdi Vilt Nam, eo quan qudn Iy Nha nude vl boat ddng kinh doanh bao hilm duge quy dinh eg thi tai Dilu 121, Luat Kinh doanh bao bilm do Qudc hdi thdng qua thang 12 nam 2000 nhu sau:
" 1. Chinh phu thdng nhat quan ly Nha nude ve kinh doanh bao hilm.
2. Bd Tai chinh chiu trach nhiem trudc Chinh phfl thue hien quan Iy nha nude vl kinh doanh bao hiem.
3. cae bd, CO quan ngang bp, co quan thupc Chinh phu trong pham vi nhiem vu, quyen ban eua minh ed trach nhilm quan Iy Nha nude vl kinh doanh bao hilm theo quy dinh efla phap luat.
4. Uy ban nhan dan eac cdp trong pham vi nhiem vu, quyln ban cfla minh thuc hiln quan Iy Nha nude vl kinh doanh bao hilm tai dja phuong theo quy djnh cfla phap luat."
Nhu vdy, CO quan thge hien ehflc nang quan ly nha nude true tilp vl kinh doanh bao hilm la B6 Tai chinh. Ngay 11/6/2014, Bd tnidng Bd Tai chinh ban hanh Quyet dinh sd 1313/QD-BTC, quy dinh chuc nang, nhilm vu, quyln han va co cdu td chuc cua Cue Qudn Iy, gidm sat bao hilm. Cue Quan ly, giam sat bao hilm la don vi thupc bd may quan ly Nha nude cua Bd Tai chinh, cd chuc nang giflp Bp trudng Bd Tai chinh thge hiln quan ly nha nude ddi vdi linh vgc kinh doanh bao hilm trong pham vi ea nude; trgc tilp quan ly, giam sdt boat dong kinh doanh bao hiem va cac boat ddng djch vu thuoc linh vgc kinh doanh bao
84
hilm theo quy djnh efla phap ludt. Cue Quan Iy, gidm sat bao hilm cd tu each phap nhan, ed eon ddu rieng, duge md tai khoan tai Kho bac Nha nude va ngan hang theo quy djnh efla phap luat. Nhilm vy cu thi eua Cgc quan ly, gidm sat bao hilm duge quy dinh t^
Dilu 2 Quylt dinh sd 1313/QD-BTC nhu sau:
"1. Trinh Bp budng Bd Tai chinh ban hanh tiieo thdm quyen hoac trinh Bd trudng Bd Tai chinh binh cdp cd thdm quyln ban hanh edc van bdn quy pham phap ludt, chinh sach ve boat ddng kinh doeuih bao hilm; chien luge, quy hoach, k l hoach dai han, bung ban va hang nam ve boat ddng kinh doanh bao hilm.
2. Td ehflc thuc hiln, tuyen tmyIn vk bao hilm;
phd bien va hudng ddn, kilm ba viec thuc hien ehiln luge, quy hoach, ke hoach va cac van ban quy pham phap luat vl kinh doanh bao hiem.
3. Tilp nhdn, kiem tra hd so de trinh Bo trudng Bd Tai chinh cap, gia han, thu hdi giay phep thanh lap va boat ddng eua docinh nghiep bao hilm, doanh nghilp mdi gidi bao hilm (bao gom ca trudng hgp ddu tu ra nude ngoai, doanh nghiep ed vdn ddu tu nude ngoai tai Viet Nam); chi nhanh doanh nghiep bao hilm phi nhan thp nude ngoai; gidy phep dat van phdng dai dien cua doanh nghilp bao hilm, doanh nghiep mdi gidi bao hilm nude ngoai tai Viet Nam. Trinh Bp trudng Bp Tai chinh chap thuan nhung thay ddi cua cdc td chuc nlu ben theo quy dmh cfla phap luat
4. Kilm ba va giam sat hoat dgng efla doanh nghilp bao hilm, chi nhanh doanh nghiep bao hiem phi nhan Uip nude ngoai va doanh nghiep mpi gidi bao hilm boat ddng tai Vilt Nam; boat dpng cua cd
van phdng dai diln cua doanh nghilp bao hilm nude ngodi vd doanh nghidp mdi gidi bao hilm nude ngoai taiVi^tNam.
5. Thanh tra ehuyin nganh trong ITnh vuc bdo hilm ddi vdi cdc td chuc va ca nhan tham gia boat ddng trong Ilnh vue bdo hilm theo quy dinh eua phap luat.
6. Giai quylt khieu nai, td' cdo va xfl ly vi pham hanh chinh trong Ilnh vuc kinh doanh bao hilm theo quy dinh cfla phap luat.
7. Thuc hiln hgp tac qudc te trong linh vuc kinh doanh bao hilm theo quy dinh cua phdp ludt.
8. Thge hien qudn ly nha nude ddi vdi boat ddng ciia cdc hiep hdi va td chuc phi Chinh phfl boat dpng trong linh vgc kinh doemh bdo hiem.
9. Thudng buc giup cac Bd, nganh liln quan trong viec chi dao gidm sdt thge hien bdo hilm bat huge trach nhi^m dSn su efla chu xe co gidi (Co quan Qudc gia thuc hi^n chuong trinh bao hilm bat bude xe co gidi).
10. xay dgng co sd dfl li|u vl bao hiem; td chuc c6ng tae thdng ke, phan tich, dg bao, so kdt, tdng kit va danh gia vl tinh hinh boat ddng cfla thi trudng bao hilm; thge hiln e h l dd bdo cdo thdng ke vl thi tnidng bSo hilm theo quy dinh cfla phap luat.
11. Td chuc nghiln cuu khoa hge hoac hgp tae nghiln ciiu khoa hpc vdi cac don vi bong vd ngoai nganh.
12. Td ehflc viec dao tao, bdi dudng cho cae td ehflc, ca nhan tham gia boat ddng trong linh vgc kinh doanh bao hilm.
13. Thge hien eac nhiem vg, quyln ban khac do Bd tnidng Bd Tai chinh giao."
Ngay 03/3/2008, Uy ban Giam sat Tai chinh Qudc gia (NFSC) theo Quyet djnh 34/2008/QD-TTg duge thanh lap nhdm thdng nhat mpi hoat ddng gidm sdt tren till budng tai chinh Viet Nam. Uy ban Giam sat tai chinh Qudc gia la co quan thge hien chuc nang tham muu, tuvdn cho Thfl tiidng Chinh phfl bong viee dilu phdi ho?it ddng gidm sat thi trudng tai chinh qudc gia (ngan hang, chung khoan, bdo hilm); giflp Thfl tudng Chinh phfl thge hiln giam sdt chung thi tmdng tai chinh qudc gia. Oy tian Gidm sdt tdi chinh Qudc gia cd nhiem vu duge quy dinh tai Dieu 2 Quylt dinh 34/2008/QD-1Tg nhu sau:
"I. Dl xudt vdi Thfl tudng Chinh phfl viec ban hdnh cac quy dinh trong dieu phdi hoat ddng giam sat thi tmong tai chinh qudc gia (ngan hang, chflng khodn, bao hilm).
2. Phdi hgp vdi ede Bd, ngdnh lien quan trinh Thfl tudng Chinh phfl vl chien luge, dinh hudng phat triln thi budng tai chinh; kiln nghi vdi eac co quan nha nude vl co e h l giam sat, ap dung cae thdng II, chudn mgc qudc t l vl giam sat thi tnidng tai chinh.
3. Dilu phdi boat dgng giam sat ehuyin nganh;
g i ^ sat Chung Uii budng tai chinh va viec ehdp hanh cac thdng II, chuan mue qudc te vl hoat ddng giam
sat cua cac eo quan thanh ba - giam sdt chuyen ngdnh gong linh vgc ngan hang, chflng khoan, bdo hilm.
4. Giam sat dilu kiln duoc cdp phlp boat ddng eua edc td chuc tin dung, td ehflc tin dung phi ngan hang boat ddng bong Ilnh vgc ngan hang, chflng khoan, bao hilm.
5. Phan tich, dg bao, cdnh bdo mflc dp an todn h^
thdng tdi chinh — ngan hang va nguy co sfli ro ddi vdi thi tnidng tai chinh qudc gia; thilt lap co sd dfl lieu, tdng hgp, xfl Iy va cung eaapss cac thdng tin vl thj tnidng tdi chinh qudc gia bao eao thfl tudng.
6. Kien nghi vdi cac ea quan thanh ba - giam sat chuyen nganh va cdp cd thdm quyln xfl ly vi pham ddi vdi cac td chiic, ea nhan khdng chdp hanh hoac khpng thge hien ddy du cdc dilu kidn trong hoat ddng ngan hang, bao hilm, chung khoan.
7. Duge ylu edu Bd Tai chinh, Ngan hang Nha nude Vilt Nam, cac td chuc hoat ddng bgng Unh vgc ngan hang, chflng khoan, bao hilm cung cdp dinh ky va ddt xudt edc Uidng tin liln quan vl tai chinh - ngan hang; duge trung t ^ cdc edn b6 efla cdc Bd, nganh khi edn thiet d l thge hiln ehflc nang, nhilm vu giam sat duoc giao.
8. Thuc hiln cae nhiem vg khdc do Thfl tudng Chinh phfl giao"
Hinb 1. Mo blnli la chuc b9 miy qtiao If Ih) trairag biio hi^m lb| tilling baa hi^m Vl^t Nam
/Ngiidn- Tac gia lliiel l^p iiio hinh Id chiic bp may quan If nha iiirac doi iiji ihi irudng bao Ineiii llieo gin dinli tai BiSu 121 Liiot Kmh doanh bao hiem do Quoc hdi thong qua Ihaiig 12 iihn 2000 ra Quyil Sinh 34/200S/gD-Trg iigm 03/3/2008. Quvel
dmh JO 1313/QD-BIC ngiy' 11/6/2014)
Cac bd, CO quan ngang bO, ca quan thudc Chinh phfl trong pham vi nhilm vu, quyln ban cua minh cd bach nhilm: Phdi hgp vdi Bd Tai chinh bong viec xdy dgng cae chinh sach, chd dd lien quan den boat ddng kinh doanh bao hilm; phdi hgp vdi Bd Tai chinh trong viee kiem tra giam sat viec thuc hien phap luat vl kinh doanh bdo hilm; giai quylt khilu nai, td eao va xfl ly vi pham phap luat ve kinh doanh bao hilm; thuc hi|n cae nhilm vu khac thudc thdm quyln theo quy dmh eua phap ludt.
Oy ban nhdn dan eac cdp trong pham vi nhilm vu, quyen ban cfla minh ed nhiem vu: Giai quylt cac thfl tgc liln quan den viec thanh lap va boat ddng cfla doanh nghilp bdo hiem, doanh nghilp mdi gidi bdo hilm, van phdng dai dien cua doanh nghiep bao hiem, doanh nghilp mdi gidi bao hilm nude ngoai tai
85
NGHIEN Cl/U
Vilt Nam b i n dja ban quan ly, sau khi da duge Bd Tai chinh cdp phlp; phdi hgp vdi Bd Tai chinh trong viec gidi quylt khilu nai, td eao va xfl ly vi pham phap ludt ve kinh doanh bao hiem bong pham vi dja ban quan ly; Uiuc hien eac nhipm vu khac thudc tiidm quyln Uieo quy dinh cfla phdp luat.
2.1^0 hinh quan iy TTBHNT chira theo kip sir phat trien ciJa thj truvng con hat cap, chira hieu qua
Md hinh quan Iy Nha nude ddi vdi thj tiudng bao hilm Yi6t Nam dang duge vdn hanh tiieo md hinh Uil c h i nhung cflng hudng theo chuc nang dan den hoat ddng quan Iy Nha nude duge thge hien taeh biet va phan tdn. Tuy nhien, sg phat triln cfla thi trudng ddn den xu hudng cae doanh nghilp phat biln tiianh t?ip doan tai chinh kinh doanh da linh vuc nhu bao hiem, ngan hdng, chung khoan... nhu Tap dodn Bao Vilt; hay xu hudng phat triln manh cac san phdm ti'ch hgp phflc tap nhu edc sdn phdm thudc nhdm Baneasuarance, san phdm bao hilm nhan thp lien kit ddu tu.... Vi vdy, md hinh qudn ly Nha nude hi^n nay edn bat cdp, chua theo kip xu thd phat tiiln cua thi trudng.
Trong md hinh quan ly thi tnidng tai chinh ndi chung, thi tiudng bao hilm ndi rilng d Vi|t Nam hiln nay tdn tai mdt co quan quan Iy ca ba linh vgc bao hilm, ngan hang, chung khoan dd la Oy ban Giam sat Tai chinh Qudc gia. Tuy nhien, theo quy dinh thi pham vi hoat ddng cua co quan nay chi gidi ban d "tham muu, tuvdn cho Thu tudng Chinh phu trong hoat ddng dilu phdi gidm sat thi trudng tai chinh Qudc gia, bao gdm bao hilm, ngan hang, chung khoan". Vi vay, thge t l cho thdy Oy ban Gidm sat Tai chinh Qudc gia lai khdng phdi Id mdt td ehflc thge hiln ehflc nang qudn If tren thi trudng tdi chinh ma chi Id mdt td ehflc tuvdn cho Chinh phfl vl mat chinh sdch bong giam sat tai chinh, nhdm phdi hgp thge hipn cdng tae giam sat tai chinh gifla cae eo quan giam sat lien quan. Co cbl phdi hgp cung nhu viee hinh thanh mdt td chuc giam sat cd dfl quyln Igc, chuyen mdn nhdm giam sat va duy tri sg phat tiiln bin vflng thj trudng bao hiem ndi rilng va h i thdng tai chinh ndi chung edn cdn phai hodn thiln.
Mat khac, md hinh quan Iy bien nay vua thuc hi^n ehflc nang qudn ly hoat ddng kinh doanh lai vua giam sat an toan chuyen nganh. Cue Quan ly, giam sat bao hilm vua thue hien ehflc nang xay dung quy ehl hoat ddng cho cac edng ty bao hilm, vua giam sat eac boat ddng cua edc doanh nghilp nen viec ban hanh van ban, gidm sdt vd xu Iy vi pham chua Uigc sg hilu qua.
Ngoai ra, md hinh hien nay cung se ddn den tieu tdn thdi gian va kinh phi hon cho doanh nghiep cung nhu Co quan quan ly Nha nude.
3.,Hoai^ thien mo hinh quan iy, giam sat thj trirons hao hiem Viet Nam theo mo hinh hop nhat
Md hinh quan ly nha# nude ddi vdi thj trudng bao hilm cdn duge dilu chinh, ddi mdi nhdm ddp flng xu hudng phat triln cfla Uij trudng, dam bao su dn dinh vd hilu qua cfla he thdng tai chinh, giam ehi phi quan ly va thuan Igi bong tiiu thdp va xu ly Uidng Un; t^o su an toan va phdt biln lanh manh, bin vdng cho doanh nghilp va toan thi budng.
Kinh nghiem phat biln cua cac thi trudng tai chinh phdt trien cho thdy xu hudng nen chuyin tfl phuong thuc hgp nhdt sg giam sat tung ITnh vgc rieng trong mdt ca quan thge hi|n giam sat toan bd thi budng tdi chinh bong dd ed thj tiudng bao hiem. Md hinh ndy mang lai hilu qud giam sat eao va nhdt qudn.
Vl vay, can efl vao dilu kiln cfla Vilt Nam va kinh nghilm phat triln d mdt sd qudc gia phdt biln, mo hinh giam sat tai chinh hgp nhat nln duge nghiln eflu va ap dung. Viec thilt lap mdt td ehflc giam sat cd dfl quyln luc, chuyin mdn cung vdi co e h l phdi hgp hieu qua va khoa hpc giua cac eo quan qudn ly Nhd nude, giua doanh nghilp vdi co quan qudn ly Nha nude;
tang su ket ndi Uidng tin giua cdc doanh nghiep, gifla doanh nghilp vdi ede eo quan qudn If Nhd nude nhdm phat trien b i n vung b i n vOng thi trudng bao hilm ndi rilng va thi tnidng tai chinh ndi chung la rdt cdn thiet./.
HlDh 2. M6 Unh td tbi'rc bQ mdy qoSo ly abi Dwfic til cliinh bi/p Dbat i b | traimg bao hilm th| ti-odng bio birm Vift Nam
[ Chinb phu |
I
Uy ban pian sal t^i ctimta NliA nude
t i I l l
Ngan hang 1 Cong ly chuDB Cong ty bao ] ( khoin J [ hinn |
To chirc lii [ chinh phi NH
Tai iieu tham i(hao
Ky ydu hdi thdo khoa hge (2009), Hpi nhap tai chinh qudc t l va nhung vdn d l dat ra cho he thdng giam sat Tai chinh Viet Nam, nha xudt ban Thdng kl
Gidi phap phat triln bao hilm nhan thp Viet Nam bong qud trinh hdi nhdp qudc td (2017), Nguyln Thi Hflu Ai, Ky ydu Hdi thdo qudc gia "Hoan Uiien the c h i tai chinh cho phat trien b i n vflng thi trudng chflng khoan va thi tiudng bao hilm Vi|t Nam
Quyet djnh 34/2008/QD-TTg ngay 03/3/2008 ngay 3 thang 3 nam 2008 Vl viee Uianh lap Uy ban giam sdt tai chinh qudc gia
Quyet dinh sd 1313/QD-BTC ngay 11 thang 6 nam 2014 Quy djnh chuc nang, nhilm vg, co cdu td ehflc efla Cue Quan ly, gidm sdt bdo hilm
