TAP CHl KHQA HQC VA CQNG NGH$. Tnmng Dai hpc Khoa hpc - DH Hui Tip 7. So 1 (2017)
H I E N TRAJVG N U O I T R O N G T H U Y S A N 0 V I N H X U A N D A I , T I N H P H U Y E N
Nguyin Thi H i Giang, Le Thi Nam Thuan, Hoang Dinh Trung Khoa Sinh bgc. Truang Dgi hpc Khoa hpc - Dgi bgc Hue
*Email: [email protected] T 6 M TAT
Nghiin ciru vi hi$n trgng nuoi trong thdy sdn a vinh Xudn Ddi. huyin Song Cdu, tinh Phd Yen. Kit qud nghien cuu cho thdy doi tugng nuoi bao gom torn The chdn trdng tom Su. Cd biin, torn Hiim. cdc logi Thdn mim, rong Cdu. Diin tich nuoi tom Su 5 ha; torn The chdn trdng 42,38 ha, oc Huong Id 53,23 ha; rong Cdu 50 ha vd 12,4 ha nuoi cd Mu, cd Chem.
Ap dfing 2 hinh thuc nuoi trong Ihiy sdn: trong ao, dia vd trong long be. Ton tgi 04 logi hinh nuoi: Logi hinh nuoi thdm canh co diin tich nhiiu nhdt 72.63 ha dp dung cho doi tugng cd Mu. cd Chem, oc Huang, Hdu; qudng canh 50 ba nuoi rong cdu; bdn thdm canh 39,58 ha torn The chdn trdng vd qudng canh cdi tiin 7,8 ha nuoi torn Su vd torn The chdn trdng. Ndng sudt vd sdn lugng nuoi trong co nhiing biin doi nhdt dinh Logi hinh nuoi thdm canh ludn cho ndng sudt nuoi cao. dao dpng tir 8,27 tdn/ha - 11,56 tdn/ha; qudng canh cai tiin 11,61 tdn/ha; qudng canh 1,5 tdn/ha—4,27 tdn/ha; ban thdm canh chi dgt 1.86 tdn/ha -5.1 ha/tdn.
Tit khda: Nudi trdng thdy sdn; vjnh Xudn Ddi, tinb Phu Yen.
1. D4.T VAN DE
Phii Yen la tinh ven biln Nam Trung Bp vdi chilu dai bd bifn 189km, cd nhifu day nui nhd ra biln hinh thanh cac eo vjnli, dim pha rit thugn lgi cho phit triln nudi lidng thuy san.
Vinh Xuin Dai nim phia Bic tinh Phu Yfn, phia Nam huyfn Sdng Ciu, cd tga do dia ly d 13"20'30" - 13"29'30" vi df Bic va I09°13'00" - 109"20'30" kinh do Ddng, difn tich khoang 90 km^, cua rpng 4,4 km [1]. Vinh Xuin Dai la mgt viing sinh thai da dgng, vdi tifm nang rit Idn vl nudi frdng va danh bit hai san di mang lai lgi ich dang kl cho nhan dan trong vung vdi cic logi tdm, cua, ci, myc va mdt so Ioai dgng vat than mim quy hiem. Sy da dgng sinh hoc va ning suit smh hpc so cip cao da tao dilu kifn thugn lgi cho phit trifn nghe nudi frdng cic loai thiiy sin cd gia tri kinh tf.
Trong nhihig nam gin day, nudi trong thuy sin tai vinh Xuin Dii dang ddng vai trd quan frgng trong nin kinh te quoe dan; giai quyft van df lao dgng va tao cdng in vifc lam cho mdt dgi bd phan dan cu song xung quanh vinh. Tuy nhifn, nudi frdng thuy sin mang tinh ty phit, khdng quy hogch di nay sinh nhilu vin df gay bit Igi cho ngudi nudi nhu sd dung mgt
Hi^n trgng nuoi tting thuy sin a Vjnh Xuan Dai. tinh PbO Yen
each d gt thuc an cdng nghifp, thudc chda bfnh va chat hda hpc xu ly ao nudi lim cho mdi trudng ngiy cang suy thoii, d nhiem lam suy giam nguon lgi fram trpng. Van df quin ly ngudn lgi tiiuy sin ludn ludn la mdi quan tam hang diu cua chinh quyen, cua nhi quin Iy, nha khoa hgc va cua cgng ddng ngu din vinh Xuan Dii. Tuy vgy, cho din nay chua cd cdng frmh nghifn ciiu vl tmh hmh nudi frdng thiiy sin d vinh Xuin Dai. Vi vgy, chiing tdi tiln hanh tiiu thgp, difu tra, danh gii hifn frgng nudi fring thuy sin d vjnh Xuan Dai nhim dk xuit mgt so giai phap hpp ly, cd tinh kha tiii gdp phin quan ly bin viing hogt ddng nudi trong thuy sin d vinh.
2. DOI TirONG VA PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUtl 2.1. Dja diem nghien cuu
Vinh Xuin Dai dugc bao quanh bdi 07 xa, phudng: Xuan Phucmg, Xuan Dii, Xuan Phu, Xuin Thanh, Xuan Yen, An Nmh Tay va An Nmh Ddng, nhung ngudi dan chi tgp trung nudi tidng tiiuy sin (NTTS) nhifu nhit d 04 xa, phudng: Xuan Phuang, Xuan Yfn, Xuin Dii va Xuan Thanh. Vi viy, dl tai chi tip tinng khao sat hogt dgng NTTS va vin df quin Iy d 04 xa, phudng nay.
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Hinh I. So dl vi tri cic dilm nghi€n cdu d vinh Xuin Dii 2.2. Phutfng phap thu mau va dinh lo^i
2.2,1, Phuong phip phdng vin can tnic
Tiln hanh dilu fra hifn trgng quan ly nudi trong thuy sin d khu vyc vinh Xuin Dai thong qua bang hdi cho cac hg din. Phuang phap chpn mau: chpn mau ngau nhifn tu danh sich cac hp nudi trong thuy san. Dung lugng chpn mlu dugc xic dinh bdi cdng thuc vdi dd tin ciy la
TAP CHl KHQA HQC VA CONG NGH$, Tmung Dai hpc Khoa hpc-DH Hui Tap 7, Sj 1 (2017) 97,6% (he sd tin cgy t = 2,8), sai sd chpn miu la 10% (e = 0,1) phuang sai ciia phuong thuc thay phien pq = 0,25 (vdip = 0,5, q = I - 0 , 5 khi do p(l-q) se Idn nhit vacd miu litdi da.
Cdng thdc chgn mlu Nancy J. Helen F. Clad E, 2004 [3]
Nt^xpq Ns^ + (t^ X pq) Trong do:
n: Dung lugng mau (so hg can difu fra thu thgp thdng tin NTTS)
N: Tdng mau (tong sd hg nuoi frong thuy san tgi dja ban nghifn ciiu (N= 1.638) t: Hf sd tin cay ciia thdng tin E: Phgm vi sai so chpn miu p: Dp chinh xac q; Ty If udc lugng n': Dung lugng mau chgn difu tra thyc ^ (n* = n x 10% + n)
Ap dung cdng thuc fren, kft qui tinh dung lugng man chpn difu fra la n = 175, De phong trudng hgp mau khdng hgp If do nhieu nguyen nhan: di vang ca nha hogc ngudi nha khdng tra Idi dugc cic ciu hdi, ngudi khdng ndi d u g c , chiing tdi da ti'nh toan tlifm sd man dy trii (= 10
% ciia dung lugng miu chinh). Nhu vay, tdng sd mau chgn dieu tra thyc te li n =193 miu.
2.2.2. Phuang phap xd \)f s l lifu
- Sd lifu dugc xu ly theo cac ndi dung qua bd cau hdi dieu fra.
- So lifu dugc xu ly bang phan mem Excel.
3. Ktt QUA NGHIEN CtJtJ VA THAO LUAN 3.L Ddi tupng nudi
Tgi vinh Xuan Dii ddi tugng nudi cd da dgng hon so vdi cac vimg dim, vinh khic trong tinh, bao gdm tdm The chan fring, tdm Sii, c i biln, torn Hiim, cic loai nhuyf n thf, rong Cau,...
va la viing san xuit thuy san Idn nhit ciia tinh Phii Yen.
- Nudi tdm nude lg (tdm Su, tdm chan fring): difn tich nudi tdm Su hifn nay suy giam manh thay vao do difn tieh nudi tdm The chin trang cd nang suat cao,
- Nudi tdm HOm: Vinh Xuin Dai vdi Igi thi cua vjnh Idn thugn tien cho vifc cung cap ngudn nude man td biln, thich hgp cho phat trien nudi frong thiiy sin trfn bifn, frong do nghe nudi tdm Hum Idng phit friln mgnh nim 2016 vdi tdng difn tich nudi mat nude bien 747 ha trfn vjnh. Ddi tugng nudi chu ylu hifn nay glm 05 loai: Tdm HCim bdng (Panulirus ornatus), tdm Hum xanh (P. homarus), tdm Hiim sdi (P. stimpsoni) ) , tdm Hum fre (Panulirus polyphagus) va tdm Hiim dd (P. longipes), nhung chu yeu van la tdm Hum bdng do loai niy cd
Hign trgng nua bing thuy sin a Vjnh Xuan Dii, tinh Phii Yin
tie dg ting trudng nhanh, kich cd ldn, mau sac tuoi sang va cd gia fri kinh tl cao. Tiep theo Ii tom Hum xanh, do cd tdm nhd, gia ci vua phai nen phii hgp vdi nhu cau tieu thy nfi dia,
- Nudi ca biln (nudi ao dia va nudi long be) dang li dii tugng nudi dugc chu trpng phat friln kinh tl. Ddi tugng nudi chii ylu la ca Bdp, ca Mii, c i Chem, ca Chim, ca Ming.
- Nhuyfn thi.- ddi tugng nudi chu yeu la dc Huang, Hau, Vem xanh. Difn ti'ch nudi oc Huang d cac ao dia cung tang nhanh frong 2 nam gan day. Chu yen mdt so ao dia nudi tdm bj bfnh dich chuyln sang nudi Ic Huong. Bfn canh cac ddi tugng nudi chilm vi chu lyc nfu tren, vinh Xuan Dai cdn cd cac ddi tugng nudi chu lyc cua tinh nhu rong Cau, rong Ma, rong Sgn, rong Nho. Difn tich nudi rong bifn d vinh chifm chu yeu d thi xa Sdng Can.
Bdng 1. Difn tich, doi tugng NTTS cac x3, phudng viing vjnh Xuin Dii
STT 1 2 3 4
Doi hrong/
di^n ti'ch Vung nuoi Xuan Thanh XuSn Phuang Xuan Yen Xuan Dai Tong cong
Di$n tfch oiroc lg T6m
Sii 0 0 0 5 5
Tom The chan trang 2,8 13,08
4,5 22 42,38
Ca Mo, Ca ChSm
0 5 2,4 5 12,4
Oc huong
0 43,23
10 0 53,23
Rong can 0 0 20 30 50
Dien tich nuoc man Tom Hum 65 503 124 55 747
Hau 0 2 5 0 7 Ngudn: Bdo cdo kit qud nuoi trong thdy sdn thi xd Sdng Cdu [2]
3.2. Loai binh nuoi
Nghi nudi frdng thuy sin d Vinh Xuin Dii chu yfu ap dyng nudi 2 hinh thdc: hinh thiic nudi trdng thuy sin frong ao, dia va hinh thdc nudi frong Idng be. Hien tgi ngudi dan ap dyng 04 loai hinh nudi la: nudi quing canh, quang canh cii tiln din phuang tiidc nudi ban tham canh vi tham canh.
3.2.1. Nudi trong thuy san frong ao, dia a. Nuoi quang canh
Nudi quang canh (QC): cdn ggi la nudi truyen thing la hinh thuc nudi dya hoan toan vio thdc an ty nhifn frong cic ao, hi, dim d ndng thdn va cac viing ven bien. Day la phuang thuc nudi diu tifn ip dyng khi ngudi dan bit tdm, c i nhd vf tha trong cac ao nudi. Mat do nuoi thip do nguin giing ty nhifn. Vin vin hanh thip vi khdng ton chi phi giong vi thuc an. Hifn nay md hinh nay dang bj hgn chi do nang suit, san lugng khdng cao.
Ddi tugng nudi chu ylu tgi vjnh li rong Can. Phu hgp nfn day cat, it gid, sdng em, dp siu tdi da 6m, sau 0,6-l,2m khi frilu xudng thip. Phuang thdc canh tac: ddng cgc, giang day cho rong bam. Khu vyc nudi tap trung chu ylu 2 phudng Xuan Yfn, Xuin Dai vdi difn tich 50 ha. Miia vy tha tii tiiang 2- 8. Mdi thing tiiu hogch 1 lin giong, mgt do rong tii 0,5 kg-1 kg/ml
TAP CHl KHQA HOC vA CQNG NGH£, Tniimg Dgi hpc Khoa hpc - DH Hue Tgp 7, Si 1(2017)
b. Nudi quang canh cai tien
Nudi quang canh cai tien (QCCT); la hmh thiic nudi chii ylu bing ngudn giong va thuc an ty nhifn, nhung bo sung them gidng nhan tgo d muc do nhit dinh, ddng thdi cd diu tu cai tgo thiiy vyc nham tang sin lugng. Mat do nudi khdng cao. Thuc an su dyng, ngoii thdc an tuoi cdn sd dyng hdn hgp xay nhuyen cua bgt, ggo Ide, binh dau, bap va san dl cho tdm an. Theo dilu fra thyc tf cd khoing 15% hf dan nudi tdm vdi mgt dp kha cao so vdi quy dinh nhu: nudi tdm Su tha Ivy/nam vdi mgt df 30-50 con/m^. Vifc thi nuoi sdm, khdng theo thdi vy nudi, quay vdng mit nude cao da inh hudng xiu dfn mdi trudng sinh thii viing nudi.
c. Nuoi ban tham canh
Nudi ban tham canh (ETC): la hinh thdc nudi chu ylu bing gidng nhin tgo va thdc an nhan tgo nhu thdc an tuai song, cam gao, nhung kit hgp ngudn thdc an ty nhien frong thiiy vyc, ngoai ra hf thing ao h i nudi cdn dugc diu tu co sd hg ting nhu difn, thiet hi, ca khi, thuy Igi,...
nhit la chu ddng vl ngudn nude cung cip. Cd kha nang xu ly khing chf mdi trudng bing hf thdng may bom sue khi. Doi tugng nudi chinh tgi vjnh li tdm The chin tring. Cd thf tdm tit each nudi ban tham canh cua ngudi dan ven vinh nhu sau:
Bang 2. Dge £lm vl nudi bin thim canh Chi tieu
Dien tich (ha) Ddi tugng nudi Mat dp Miia vy tha
Ban tham canh 0,35-0,5
Tdm The chan tring
35-60 con/m'^. Trong dd cd khoang 20% hf dan nudi tdm vdi mat dp khi caol00-120con/m^
2 vu/ nim (vu chinh, vy phy) -Vu I: Td 1/3/2016 -Vu 2: 7/2016
Theo quy dinh 40- 50 con/ m-' 2 vy/ nam (vy chinh, vu phy) - V y l : T u 1/3/2016 -Vy2: 7/2016
Ngudn: Tong hpp tir phieu diiu tra nam 2016 d. Nuoi tham canh
Nudi tham canh (TC): la hmh thuc nudi tuin thu theo qui tic kJ thuit chit che. Cac thdng sl ky thugt cua ao nudi phai dat tifu chuin chit lugng, chpn con giing thuin, du kich cd, tha gidng vdi mat do cao, ip dyng nghiem nggt cac bifn phip ky thuat cham sdc va bio vf nhu cho an thuc in cong nghifp va quin 1^ ao nudi thudng xuyen, phong tru djch bfnh; co sd hg ting hoan thifn gom he thing ao dim, thuy Igi, giao thdng, cip thoat nude, miy mdc nhu qugt syc khi,... Ddi tugng nudi chinh tgi vinh la nudi ca biln (ca Mii, c i Chem), Ic Huong, Hiu.. .(bang 3).
Bdng 3. Die dilm vl nudi thim canh Chi tieu
Dien ti'ch (ha) Ddi tugng nudi
ThSm canh 0,3-0,5
Oc huang
0,3-0,5 Ca bien
0.2-0,5 Hau
M f fl trgng nudi tring thdy sin & Vinh Xuin Dii. tinh Phd Yen
Mat dp Miia vu tha
35-40 con/m-' 1 vy/nam. Thdi gian tha gidng td thing 1-8. Thdi tilt tdt tha tii tiling 3-8 thu hoaeh
15-20 con/m^
1 vy/nam
Nudi Hau bing hgp ludi mgt dp li 200 con/hdp luOT, nudi bing ldng hinh chir nhit 100 con/long.
1 vy/nam. Sau 7-8 thang thu hogch Hiu dat kich thudc khoang 10-15 con/kg. Thoi dilm thu hogch thudng vao Iiic chieu mat hay sang sdm dk dim bao Hau sing sau khi mang di tieu thy.
Ngudn: Tdng hgp tir phieu dieu tra ndm 2016 Bdng 4. Difn tich, logi hinh NTTS d cic xi, phudng ven vinh Xuin Dai
STT 1
3 4 5 6
Ddi tutfng Tdm Su Tdm chan tring Ci bifn (ca Mu, ca Chem) 6c huong Hau Rong ciu
III
QCCT QCCT BTC
TC TC TC QC Tong cdng
Dien tich nuoi (ha) Xuan
Thinh 0 2,8 0 0 0 0 0 2,8
Xuan Phirong
0 0 13,08
5 43,23
2 0 63,31
Xuan Yen 0 4,5 2,4 10 5 20 41,9
Xuan Bai
5 0 27 5 0 0 30 62
Dien tich/loai
hinh nuoi 7,8 39,58
72,63
50 170,01
Tyl«
%
4,59 23,28
42,72
29,41 100 Nguon: Tong hpp tir phieu dieu tra nam 2016 3.2.2. Nudi frong long be
Vinh Xuan Dai vdi Igi till cua vinh Idn thuin tifn cho vifc cung cip ngudn nude man td bien, thich hgp cho phat trien nudi trong thuy san tren bien, frong dd nghe nudi tdm Hiim long phat frien manh frong nhfhig nam gin diy.
- Uong tdm Hum giing: Mat dp tdm Hiim bdng trung binh 150 con/long va tdm Hiim khac trung binh 300 con (ki'ch co ldng uom l,5mxl,5mxlm).
- Ddi vdi nudi tdm Hum thit; Mat dp torn Hum bdng tmng binh 50 con/Idng va torn Hum khac trung binh 200 con/Idng (kich cd ling nudi tdm thjt 3m x 3m xl,5m, dupc thiet ke giong nhu mpt hinh hfp chd nhat dugc tgo bdi cac khung sit).
r^iP CHl KHOA HOC VA C6NG NGH$, Tnrimg B^i hfc Khoa hgc-BH Hue Tip 7. S6 t (2017)
Bang 5. So ldng, be nuoi tt^ng thiiy s&n m|it nuoic biln 6 vjnh qua cdc ndm
TSn xa, phiro^ng Xuan Thanh Xuan Phuang Xuan Yen Xuan Dai Tong cpng
Soli\i Ling Long Ling Long
Nam 2012
2.500 4.000 3.500 1.200 11.200
2013 1.800 3.200 2.900 900 8.800
2014 2.884 7.860 2.279 340 13.363
2015 3.264 6.250 2.882 1.112 13.508
2016 3.891 7.450 3.435 1.326 16.102 Nguon: Tdng hgp tir phiiu diiu tra ndm 2016 Tuy nhien, theo dilu tra khio sat do nghi nudi tdm Hiim da mang lai lgi nhuin cao nfn ngudi din tgi vinh da diu tu md rfng long be nudi, tha nudi vdi mat dg long 75 Idng/ha theo qui dinh Ii 30-60 Idng/ha, cd hd tha nudi tang mgt do 80- 100 con/ling, tang gip 2 lin so vdi quy dinh (50 con/Idng), rieng ca Mu mgt dp nudi qua day, dge bift ddi vdi vung nudi thupc xa Xuan Phuang mgt dp tha nudi tu 250 din 300 con/ling din din hifn tugng d nhifm mdi trudng cyc bd, djch bfnh phat sinh.
3 3 . San lugng va n3ng suat nuoi trong
Logi hinh nudi tham canh ludn khang djnh dugc vi tri cua minh tgi cac xa, phudng qua nang suat nudi, dao dgng td 8,27 tan/ha - 11,56 tan/ha. Trong khi dd, logi hinh nudi ban tham canh cho ning suat chi dgt 1,86 tan/ha— 5,1 ha/tan; nudi quang canh cii tien vdi difn tich nhd nhung cho nang suat cao 11,61 tan/ha, nudi quang canh ning suat thip nhat 1,5 tin/ha - 4,27 tin/ha. Mgc du nang suit md hinh nudi tham eanh bmh quin cao nhat nhung ngu din vin sd dyng difn ti'ch 39,58 ha dl nudi theo md hinh ban tham canh cho ning suat thap.
Bang 6. Difn tich, sin lugng vi ning suit cic dii tugng NTTS vinh Xuin Dii
Xa, phironng Xuan Thanb Xu&n Phuong XU3D YSn Xuan Dai
Dien tich (ha) QC
0 0 20 30
QCCT 2,8
0 0 5
BTC 0 13,08
4,5 22
TC 0 50,23
17,4 5
Nang su^t (tan/ha) QC
-
1.5 4,27
QCCT 11,61
1,7
.
BTC
-
1,86 5,1 2,41
TC
-
8,27 11,56
9,8
San lirong 32,5 439,64
224,1 238,5 Ngudn: Tong hgp tir phiiu dieu tra ndm 2016
* vi dien tich nuoi trong thOy sdn
Td nam 2012 den 2016, difn tich nudi fring thuy sin nude lg, mgn cic xa, phudng ven vinh Xuan Dai cd thay ddi nhung khdng Idn, toe dd ting frudng binh quan/nam giim 0,8%.
Hiin trgng nuoi tring thuy san a Vjnh Xuan Dii, dnh Phd Yen
Trong do, cd 05 ddi tugng cd sy thay ddi Idn ve difn tich la tdm Su, tdm The chin tiing, Ic Huong, Cua v i ca biln,
- Difn tich nudi tdm nude lg: giam manh trong giai dogn tii 2012-2016 (tdm The chin tring giim 5,7%). Td nam 2013 - 2014, cac xa, phudng ven vinh khdng cdn nudi tdm Sii, toan bd difn tich nudi tdm Sii trude day da chuyfn sang nudi tdm The chan tring. Hifn tugng giam difn tich theo ngu dan do tdm Su ning suit thap, khdng cd lai. Do viy, ddi vdi ao nudi tdm Sii nlu gia dinh nao cd dieu kifn thi chuyfn ddi nudi tdm The chan tring, cdn khdng thi bd trong, Ngu din cic xa chi tgp frung difn tich nudi tdm The chan fring va khdng nudi tdm Su, hogc nfu cd nudi thi difn ti'ch la rat it. Tuy nhien, tdm The chan tring da mang lgi nang suit, san lugng va lgi nhuin cao, nhung dien bien nudi tdm chan tring khdng dn djnh, va ty If tdm b | bfnh luon cao. Die bift nam 2014, linli hinh bfnh djch biing phat, difn tich, sin luong tdm The chan fring giim mgnh (2014, difn tich 87ha, san lugng 198 tin, giim mgnh 63% so vdi nam 2013).
- Difn tich nudi thuy san khac: 6 c huong, c i bdp, ca Chem, rong ciu... tang manh frong giai dogn td 2012-2016 (chifm 33,2%), nguyfn nhin mdt sd hp nudi tdm khdng hifu qua do bfnh djch vi mdi trudng xuing cip, lugng biin day ao, dim cao, mdi trudng sinh thii bj mat can bing, rit cin cac ddi tugng nudi ghep, nudi da loai phu hgp vdi dilu kifn vimg sinh thii, vi th^
ngudi dan da su dyng ao nudi tdm df chuyln sang nudi dc Huong, ca biln, rong ciu.... Budc dau cho thiy, cd hifu qua han nudi tdm, do it xay ra bfnh djch hon.
* Ve sdn Iupng nuoi trong thuy sdn
- Sin lugng nudi tdm nude lg giam manh 9,3%. Ngu din nhgn dinh, san lugng giam li do ao ho bj d nhiem; dich benh biing phat, thifn tai, con giing kfm chit lugng. San lugng nuoi thiiy san khac: Oc huang, ca bdp, ci Chgm, rong ciu... ting mgnh 75,3%.
- San lugng NTTS nude mgn: tgi vjnh Xuin Dai cd sd ling nudi tdm Hiim va sin lugng tdm Hiim thuang pham Idn nhat toan huyfn, san lugng nudi tdra Hiim tang dfu qua cac nam chilm 20,7%.
Bang 7. Dien biln difn tich, sin lugng cic ddi tugng NTTS d vinh qua cic nSm
T T
I 1 + +
-
Chi tiSu
Dien tich NTTS nuoc lor, man
Dien tich nuoc la T6ni Su Tom The chan tr^ng Nuoi thuy san khac (ca, cua rong can, 6c Huong)
BYT
ha ha ha ha ha
2012
209,3 209,3 7,6 71,6 64,1
2013
192,9 192,9 0 115,9
77 2014
189 189 0 87 102
2015'
109,7 109,7 5 54,7
50 2016'
163,0 1 163,0
1 5 42,38 115,6 3
tang BQ/nam
(%)
-0,8 -0,8 -5.7
-
33,2
TAP CHlKHQA HQC VA CONG NGHB. Tniang Dgi hpc Khoa hpc - DH Hue Tip 7. Sol (2017)
T T 2
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1 +
-
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Chi tieu Dien tich nirac mSn (bi^n) L6ng be nuoi tr6ng thuy san (bien)
Nuoi tom Hum
Siin luong NTTS nuoc lo, man
SL NTTS nuoc 1<7 Tom
TomSu Tom The chan trSng Thuy san khac (ca, cua rong cau, 6c Huong) SL NTTS nuAc man (biln) Nuoi torn Hum
DVT ha I6ng 16ng tdn tan tan tan tan tdn tan tan
2012
11.20 0 11.20
0 784,7 479,7 366,7 6,7 360 113 305 305
2013
8.800 8.800 1.068 782 537 0 537 245 286 286
2014
13.3 63 13.3
63 857 493 198 0 198 295 364 364
2015'
13.50 8 13.50
8 1.061
543 238 5 233 305 518 518
2016'
16.10 2 16.10
2 1.554,
74 936,7
4 141,4
8,5 132,9 795,3 4 618 618
tang BQ/nSm
(%)
12,7 12,7 21,7 27,2 -9,3 -9,8
-
75,3 20,7 20,7 Ngudn: Tdng hpp tir phiiu diiu tra nam 2016 3.4. Con gidng va thiic an
a. Ve con giong
Theo dilu tra con gidng dugc mua tii nhieu nguon khac nhau: chu yen cac cdng ty cung cip giing frong tinh nhu co sd sin xuit tdm gidng cd uy tin nhu Cdng ty TNHH Canavet, Cdng ty TNHH Eco Hawaii, Cdng Xy TNHH Hawaii Farm, Cdng ty TNHH Bi Hai, Doanh nghifp frr nhan Thuy sin Die Lgc, Trung tim gidng thuy sin Phu Yen vi cic frgi gidng d Thj xa Sdng ciu.
- Tom nu&c la (tom Su, torn The chdn trdng): Theo dieu fra hifn nay nang lyc cua cac hgi sin xuit giing tdm frong tinh dap iing dugc khoing 71% nhu ciu gidng cho nudi tdm tiiuong phim frong tinli. Nam 2014, cd 83 co sd san xuit giing thdy sin, chu yfu sin xuat giing tdm The chan tring; frong do cd 09 doanh nghifp san xuit vdi quy md cdng suit tren 100 trifu tdm gidng/nam, cdn lgi la co sd sin xuit nhd quy md hf gia dinh cdng suit 5-10 frifn con gidng/nam.
- Tom Hiim: Nhieu vung ven bifn Phu Yen, nhat la cic xa Xuan Hii, Xuan Hda, Xuan Thinh, Xuan Canh, Xuin Phuong vi viing biln Xuin Dai (thj xi Sdng Ciu); cic xa An Hai, An Hda, An Chin (huyen Tuy An); xa Hda Xuan Nam (huyfn Ddng Hda) c6 tdm Hum giing. Hang nam cd tii 1,2-1,5 frifu con tdm Hum gidng dugc danh bit. Ting dien tich mat nude ma tdm Hiim gidng phin b l khoang 52 km^. Chit lugng con giing: giing tdm Hiim phu thupc vao tdin tu nhifn (do sin xuit giong tdm Hiim chua du cung cap). Lugng tdm Hiim gidng bien ddng theo nim, gidng tdm Hum khai thac cda tinh Phu Yfn dap ung dugc 60-90%, cdn lai 10-40% tdm
Hiin trgng nuoi trong thuy san a Vjnh Xuan Dii, tinh Phu Yen
gidng phai nhip khiu (chu yeu nhgp td Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia). Kiim djch con giing;
Vice kiim djch tdm Hiim giong, dge bift tom Hiim gidng nhgp khiu vl rit khd klian do thuong lii thudng chuyln tryc tiep din ngudi nudi, frong khi dd viec lifn kiem soit frong qui trinh nhap khiu, van chuyen chua hifu qua.
- Cd biin: Hifn nay, gidng c i biln dugc sin xuit tgi tinh va cac tinh lan can nhu Khanh Hda, Ninh Thuan,.. da cung cap du lugng giong cho cac vung nudi.
- Thdn mem (6c Huang, Hau): Hien nay, dc Huong dugc san xuit nhin tgo tai tinh va cac tinh lan can nhu Khanh Hda, Ninh Thuan,.. da cung cap dii lugng gidng cho cic vung nuoi.
Gidng Hiu dugc san xuat tgi Vifn Nghifn cuu Nudi frdng Thuy san III, c6 kich thudc ban diu nudi khoing 10 - 15mm. Giong Hau dat cac chi tifu chat lugng nhu: khde mgnh, khdng hi triy xudc, man sac tuoi sang, hinh dang cai mudng, md khep vd nhanh nhen, ddng deu vl kich cd
b. Thdc an
Qua difu tra khao sat ngu din tgi vinh su dyng thdc in dugc thay ddi tii hinh thuc cho an tuoi sing sang su dung thuc an cdng nghifp theo tiing giai dogn phat frifn ciia ddi tirpng nudi,
- Tom nirac lp (tdm Sd, tdm The chin trang).- sii dung thdc an cdng nghifp va thuc in tuoi (tdm, c i vyn chua qua chf bien). Hang ngay cho tdm an tii 2-3 lin vio Mc sim toi va sang sdm. Viec kiem soat chat lugng thuc in, che pham sinh hgc, thuoc, hda chat hifn nay chua chat che, vin cd nhifu logi sin pham khdng cd frong danh myc dugc bin. Dge bift, hifn nay ngucri sin xuit giing vi ngudi nudi su dyng thulc nguyfn lifu hogc thuoc ngudi dl phdng vi trj bfnh.
- Tom Hiim: ngu dan sd dung chu yeu la thuc an tuoi (cua, glie, ca tap,..) dugc danh bat td cic viing biln Phii Yen hoac Binh Djnh. Tuy nhien, khdng kiem soat dugc chat lugng thdc in do tii nhieu nguon khac nhau, ben canh dd klia nang lay nliiera mam benh cao tu ngyon thiic in tuai song tu biln. Den nay chua cd thdc an cdng ngliifp thay thi thdc in ty nhifn.
- Cd biin: thuc an cho ca bifn hien nay ngudi nuoi chu yeu sd dyng ca tap, tuy nhien hifn nay di cd thdc in cdng nghifp cho ca bien. Do dd, la dieu kien thugn Igi cho vifc phit ttien nudi ca biln.
- Thdn mem (Ic Huotig, Hau),- Thuc an eho cac loai nhuyf n thi chd yeu td thuc an tir nhifn. Rifng dc Huong, thdc an la ca tap, chua cd thdc an cdng nghifp.
4. KET LUAN
1. Tai vinh Xuan Dai cd cac dii tugng nudi bao gdm tdm The chin tring, tdm Sii, ca bien, tdm Hiim, cac loai nhuyfn thi, rong ciu. Difn tfch nudi tdm Su 5 ha; tom The chin tring 42,38 ha, dc Huong la 53,23 ha; rong cau 50 ha va 12,4 ha nudi ca Mu, ca Chem. Ap dyng 2 hmh thuc nudi trdng thuy sin: frong ao, dia vi frong long be. Ton tgi 04 logi hinh nudi; Loai hinh nudi tham canh cd difn tich nhieu nhit 72,63 ha ap dyng cho ddi tugng ca Mii, ca Chem,
T^P CHl KHOA HOC VA CONG NGH$. Tmdng Dgi hgc Khoa hpc - DH Hui Tap 7, So 1 (2017)
dc Huong, Hiu; quang canh 50 ha nudi rong cau; ban tham canh 39,58 ha tdm The chan trang va quing canh cii tiln 7,8 ha nudi tdm Sii va tdm The chin fring.
2. Nang suat va san lugng nudi trdng cd nhiing bien ddi nhat djnh. Logi hinh nudi tham canh cho nang suit nudi dao dgng td 8,27 tin/ha-11,56 tin/ha; quing canh cii tiln 11,61 tin/lia vanudi quang canh 1,5 tin/ha-4,27 tin/ha; ban tham canh cho nang suit chi dgt 1,86 t i n / h a - 5,1 ha/tin.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
[1]. Cucth&ngk&tiTih?huYeT\(20\5). Nien gidm thSng ki tinh Phu Yen2015. Nxb. bin thing kS, [2]. Phdng kinh t l thj xa Sdng Ciu (2010-2015). Bdo cdo kit qud nuoi trdng thuy sdn tir nam 2010-2015.
[3]. Phara Vin Quyet va Nguyin Quy Thanh (2001)./"AiwwgpAop HgWfiMciiwjraAoJ Ape, Nxb Dgi hpc q u i c gia H i Nfi, H i Npi, fr.I94.
ACTUALITY OF AQUACULTURE IN XUAN DAI BAY, PHU YEN PROVINCE
Nguyen Thi Ha Giang, Le Thi Nam Thuan, Hoang Dinh Trung*
Department of Biology, Hue University College of Sciences
* Email: hoangtrung_na_0208@yahoo. com ABSTRACT
Research on the current status of aquaculture in the Xuan Dai bay. Song Cau district, Phu Yen province. Research results showed that the cultured species include white shrimp, tiger prawn, sea fish, lobster, mollusc and algae sentence. The area of prawn farming is 5 ha;
white shrimp 42.38 ha. snails 53.23 ha. seaweed farming 50 ha and 12.4 ha of pauper and barramundi There are 4 types ofintens'rve animal farming. The intensive farming has the largest area of 72.63 ha applied to objects such asgrouper. seabass, snail andoyster;
Extensive farming is 50 ha of seaweed; semi-intensive 39.58 ha. Extensive improvements is 7.8 ha of tiger prawn and while shrimp. Producttyity and aquaculture production has bad certain variations. The intensive aquaculture farming has always been in full yield, ranging from 8.27 tons /ha to 11.56 tons/ha; semi-intensive 1.86 tons/ha -5.1 tons/ha; extensive
improvements 11.61 tons /ha and extensive farming of 1.5 ions /ba - 4.27 tons/ha.
Keywords: aquaculture, Phu Yen province. Xuan Dai bgy.
