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OAO TAO NANG LU'C THONG TIN
- XU HUONG THIET YEU CHO CAC THU" VIEN CONG CONG
ThS. Trinh Khinh VSn
Khoa Thong «n - Thu* vien, IJUiBng DH KHXHSJ^V Ha Nfi T6mt3t:
TTio" viin c&ig cong la ndi tfioi man nhu cSu thong tin cua cac Sng tdp nhin dan, ngtitn diing tin d moi iti^ tuoi, tSng Idp khac nhau trong xa hgi, Ngay nay, thong tin va tri th&c ngay cang dong vai tro quan trpng trong moi hoat dgng cua con ngi/di. Bai viet^c$pdBi nang lu'c thong tin cua ngu&i lam ttiU viin - ngu&
CO ki^a nang thanh thao cac lq/nang ve cong nghi ttmng tin va truy&i thong, m kha nSng i^at trien c6c 1^
ning trong ma tni&ng sS, co nang li/c Ihdng tin vi truyen thong va dCli^u, co kha ning ti/hgc, hdp tac va kha ning sing tao trong moi tnfdng so.
Tvfldioi: Nang lut thdng tin, dao tao, thu* vien cdng cpng.
Abstract:
Publ'K Ubraries are the places to meet the infomiation need ofpeopie of all classes and information users of all ages and levels In ttte soci&y. Today, information and knowledge play an increasingly important role in all human activities. This artide addresses the information competence of librarians who are capable and pro- fKient in Infyrmation, techmriogy and communication skills; have the ability to self-devdop and self-educate digital literacy skills, have the infbrmabon comfxtency on communication and data, are able to self-educate and cooperate, and create in the digital environment
Key words: Infomiation competency, training, public libraries.
e | t vf n dig
Viec truy cap de dang l ^ thong tin thong qua mang Internet da lam cho con ngilcfi tr6 nSn tu"
tin hdn ve nhutig ky nSng aia hp. Cau hoi dat ra, lieu nhijUg ky nSng do co tuUng thich nhu* hp nghT khdng? Su* bung nS thong tin da tao nen nhQng ap life nhS't (^nh ISn ngiicft diJng tin (NDT), cac nhh khoa hpc va nghien culi trong hoat dpng tim, tra cdu dUdc nhJjTig thong tin thfch hdp cho minh.
Va cung chfnh sy" bung no cong nghe thfing tin vh truySn thong da kht&i cho ioai ngu^ phai dcH m|t va x d ly V * mpt WICM luWng thong tin to ldn hdn bao gid h@L Do NDT de dang buy cip va tim kiem tren nguon thong tin da difdc so hoa, nen hp duUc khuyen tdifch sd dung nguon thong tin diSn td, thong tin s5 hoa de phuc vu nhu cau thong tin hdn la ttiong tin du'pc in tren giay va xuat ban.
Theo nhi/ mpt cdng trinh mdi xuat ban cua tac gia Rowlands [8] dio rang, mSc du the he NDT Google hien nay cd kha nang tim d u ^ nhijtig thong tin
hOO fch va cd lien quan tdi ndi dung thdng tin ma hp tsn, nhuhg chu^ diSc i ^ c6 kha nSng danh gia va tham ^nh ngudn thdng tin. Vi th€, su' khd khan con tang len gap bpi lan cho NDT ft ti@p xuc vdi cong nghe hole may tinh trong cac hoat dpng tren. Va dieu nay dat ra cho cac thu" vien cong cpng (TVCC) la phai xac ffinh diidc cac khd khSn v^ rao cSn v@ mat cdng nghd lien quan tdi cac cdng nghe khai thac va sii dung thdng tin trong thdi da! cdng nghe thdng tin va may tfnh de nSng cao nang lut thdng tin ciia ngudi lam thu'vien trong hoat dpng phuc vu khai thac thdng tin, dap dng nhu cau tin ciia NDT.
Djnh nghTa v& nSng lu'c thong tin Nang Wc thdng tin kha pho bien trong tat ca cac nganh nghe va moi trudng hpc t^p. Cac nha nghien culj tren the gidi ^ rat no ILTC d ^ du^ rB mpt djnh nghTa wl nSng lut thong tin. Thu|t ngu"
nay da dUdc sd dung bdi tac gia l^ul G. Zurlcowski
Tao chi THl/VIEN VIET NAM 3(65)
[8], tuy nhidn, dng chi du^ ra khai ni^m ve nSng lut thdng tin nhuhg chuia d€ c|p ^ npi dung cua nd trong moi tru'dng s6. NSng lut tiiong tin cd lidn quan ch3t che tdi cac chdc nang cda thdng tin.
Li§n quan tdi kha nSng dpc va sd dung thdng tin mOt each hidu qua cho moi ngay sd dung. Vi the, hai thu|t ngu' dgc va sd dung thdng tin da du'pc phSn bi§t ro rang trong khai nidm nang lut thdng tin. Tac gia Breivik cho rang, "nSng lut thong tin la kha nang truy c|p va danh gia thdng tin cho tdng hoan cSnh va nhu cau tin cua minh. Oidu nhy dong nghTa vdi thudt ngiJ nSng lut thong tin va cong nghe thdng tin, bdi vi cdng nghe se khdng bao gid \hm cho con ngiiifi bj loi thdi" [2].
Theo djnh nghTa cua Alexandria Proclamation cho ring "nSng lut tiiong tin 1^ kha nang con nguidi nhSn biet nhu cau tin, tim kiem va danh gia chat lu'dng tiidng tin, lu\i triJ va truy cap thong tin, lam cho thdng tin cd y nghTa, sd dung di3ng va urig dung c^c thong tin do d ^ tao ra c^c tri tilde thdng tin mdi" [10]. Theo SCONUL (Society of College, National and University Ubrary) "nang lyt tiidng tin la mdt thuat ngd trong do bao trum cac khai niem ve kien thde thong tin va truyen thdng, thdng tin am thanh, thdng tin hinh anh, thong tin hpc thuat, kha n3ng xd ly ttidng tin, truy cap v^ quan 1^ thdng tin" [12], Trong khi do tac gia McKie va nhieu nha nghien cuU b3t dau vdi djnh nghia nang lire thdng tin "la kha nang nhan biet du'tfc nhu cau tin, cd kha nSng ti'm ki^m tiidng tin, sd dyng tiidng tin hidu qua dung nhu c3u cung nhir ap dyng cae ky nang nay vho vifc hpc tgp suot ddi" [3]. "Oiy nhien, Hiep hdi tiiu" vi|n HoSng gia Anh [13] l^i diia ra dinh nghia vd nSng lut thdng tin du'pc biet dSn khi con nguidi tan thdng tin, muon tim thdng tin d dau, l^m t h ^ nao de danh gia, sd dung va giao ti^p thong tin d e^ch thde diing dao ddc vh phap lu|it. Tdm lai, nSng lut thdng tin 1^ kha nang cd the xae djnh, tim kiem, truy cap va danh gia ngudn thdng tin mdt each hieu qua nhSm dap ilhg nhu cau tin va sd dung thdng tin diing dao ddc va ph^p luat.
Djnh nghfa vS nSng lu'c thdng tin trong mdi tru'dng sd^
Theo Oai hpc Illinois, nSng lye thdng tin trong mdi tilling so la kha nang sd dyng cdng nghd
thdng tin ky ttiu|t so, cdng cy truyen ttiong hoge mang Internet dS xac dinh vj trf, danh gia, sd dung va tao ra thdng tin. TTong do nh&n manh kha nang hieu va sd dyng thdng tin trong nhieu dmh dang t d m§t loat cac nguon khi no Qiiifc trinh bay thong qua miy ti'nh. Kha nang aia NDT thy'c hidn nhidm vu ed hieu qua trong mdt mdi tru&ng ky thuat s6... bao gdm kha nang co the phhn tich dij' li|u de tai san xuat ra dd lifu va hinh anh thdng qua cac nguBn thdng tin cd duUC, thdng qua do danh gia va ap dung nhihig tri tiiijit mdi trong mdi tru'dng s5 va hoat dpng phgc vii nhu cau tin eua minh [14].
Theo Dai hpc Cornell, nSng lu'c thong tin la Icha nSng c6 the tim kiem, danh gia, sd dung, chia se, tao ra npi dung thdng tin mdi thdng qua cac cong cu ve cdng nghd thdng tin v^ mang Internet. C^c hoat dpng do bao gom eae hoat ddng phuc vu vide hpc t|p nhu* viet bao, tao ra cae bai thuygt trinh da phydng tien, hay la mpt phan cua cac hoait dpng thdng tin hang ngay, do eung la mot phan cua nang lyt thdng tin trong mdi tru'dng s5.
Ddn gian la each thut de giai quydt nhu cau tin cua minh [15].
Trich dan tCT: Developing students' digital literacy [4]
Nhu- vay, ttieo hinh ve ti^n cd the thay nSng lyc thdng tin 1^ tdng hoa cOa cac ky nSng, bao gom kha nSng tiianh ttiao cac ky nang vg cdng nghf tiidng tin va tiuyen ttidng, tiianh ttiao nSng lyt ttidng ttn ttong mdi ttu-dng so, cd kha nSng phat tri^n va ti/ hpc cac ky nSng trong mdi trudng so, cd nSng lyc thdng tin vg ttuyen ttidng va dQ"
lidu, eo kha nang ti/ hpc, hpp tac va sang tao trong moi tru'dng so.
Cac mo hinh n3ng l^c tiidng tin Cac md hinh cua nSng lut thdng tin dudi day da du'pc nghien edit de dap uhg nhu diu t i / nhidn eua hifn tuUng nay. Myc dich de ti'm hieu sy giong nhau va Idiac nhau giu^ c&c md hinh do.
Theo ALA: Cac md hinh dddc 6\ia ra de danh gia cae ky nang nang lye thdng tin, nd ehi ra rang cac phypng phap danh gia thich hdp lien quan tdi eac chlSn lydc sd dyng thdng tin cOa cac cd quan thdng ttn thu* vien do.
Theo Patrica Senn Breivik thi nang lye thdng tin la tSng hoa cac ky nSng bao gdm [16]:
- Ky nSng ve may tfnh.
- Ky nSng tim kiem tren thy vifn.
- Ky nSng truyen thdng.
- Ky nang mang.
' Ky nang dd hoa.
- Kha nang tu* duy bien ehdng.
#^^SK^
Trkh dan tif: http://ffis.edu.vn [16]
Big6 la mdt tS chdc kha noi tieng tit)ng hoat dpng giang d^y va tt^ e|n cae ky ning ve edng nghf thdng tin da dya ra mot khung ehuan kha thidt ygu trong vifc tiep can bat ky van d f nao vd nSng lyc ttidng tin. Trong dd ^ p ttung vao kha nang hieu cac ngudn thdng tin cu the va sd dung thdng tin dung myc dfeh nhu':
- Xdc djnh nhiem vy.
- Chien lypc tim kiem thong tin.
- Vj tri va truy c|p.
- Sd dyng thdng tin.
- Tong hdp.
- Danh gia thdng tin.
CIUP Information Literacy model (tam djch la ' mo hinh nang lyc thong tin tai CILIP) du^ ra md hinh nay vdi t i m bude cd ban sau [7]:
- Nhu c^u thdng ttn;
- Cac ngudn lyc sin cd;
- Lam the nao de tim kiem ttidng tin;
- Lam the nao de danh gia ket qua;
- Lam thf nao khai thac kft qua;
- Dao ddc v^ ttach nhiem sd dyng;
- Lam the nao de giao tifp hoac chia se thong tin;
- Lam the nao de quan ly cae ngudn tiiong tin tim du'pc.
Phai thda nhan rang cum t d "nang lyc ttidng tin" rat hiem khi dutfc sd dyng trong cae TVCC va no eung khdng cd nhieu y nghTa doi vdi cdng chung. Ngydi ta cd the bat gSp cae t d dong nghTa nhu' "ky nSng ttiong tin" hay "ky nang nghien cdu". Tuy nhidn, nang lyc thdng ttn la mdt hoat dpng cSt ldl ti^ng cac TVCC vi TVCC la ndi thoa man nhu cau thdng tin cho dai da sd quf n chung nhan dan. Neu UNESCO [11] khlng dinh ring, b^ng the gidi ky thuat so hien dai, nang lyc thdng tin "ia quygn cd ban cua mft con ngiTdi " thi cac TVCC la nhutig nha hoat ddng nhan quyen, thue day sy hoa nhap xa hpi va khac phuc nhDhg bc^
edng cua sy phan chia thdng tin, cung cap truy c|p mien phf tdi cac ngudn thdng tin, eung cap mdt khudn kho cho nang lyc thdng tin.
Oko tao nSng li/c thdng tin TVCC khdng chi la ndi eung cap kien thut thdng tin va phue vu viee hoe tap sudt dcA ma cdn ddng mpt vai trd giao dye tfch cut tham gia vao qua trinh xdy dytig kifn thde eho NDT.
Mdt trong nhiJTig yeu td nang eao vi the cua thu' vien la nguSi lam thy vifn, hp cd du ttinh do
3(65)
va kinh nghifm ho ttd cho NDT sd dung, tiep e|n, danh gia va giai thfch cac ngudn thong tin. NSng lyc thdng ttn tiiyc chat la khai niem hpc tap suot ddi. TVCC phyc vu eho tat ef cac tfng ldp xa hpi, do do ddi hdi eae hinh thde va mut ho trd nang lut thdng tin phai linh hoat
Mdt cupc khao sat du'pc tten hanh bcfi cac tac gia Julien va Breu trong 22 cdng tnnh Idn nhat tai cac TVCC cua Canada eho thay, chi cd 36% thy vien cung cap dao tao chfnh quy ve nang lyt thdng tin cho NDT. Mdt nghien euftj gan day cho thay mdt so TVCC cua Canada khdng tham gia tfch eye vao viee dao tao nang lyt thong tin cho NDT vi hp tiiifu eae ngudn sau: 1) kinh phf, 2) nhfn vien dufdc dao tao va 3) l^dng gian. Tuy nhif n, mpt so ngu'di ds nim bat vai trd giang day cua hp trong giao due nang lyc thdng tin bang each cung cSp bai hpe chfnh thufc cho NDT tai cac mdc dp khac nhau [6].
Nghifn euU nay da df ra cac khoa dao tao vf nang lyt thong ttn ti^ng TVCC Canada danh eho ngu'di \hm thy vien va NDT nham muc dfch md rdng sy hi^u biet ve nang lyc thdng tin. Vdy d l nang eao nang lyt thdng tin thi yeu cau dat ra cho cac TVCC la:
Oao tao ve nang lut tiidng tin: dich vu Oii& yiu cua cac Out vien cdng cgng
Theo di? lieu nghifn cdu eho thay cac TVCC da nhan tiidt vai trd giao due eua hp trong dao tao nang lyt thdng tin, cac buoi huan luyen thydng xuyen da dypc sap xep tai thy vien va vifc dao tao ve nang lyc thdng tin la djch vy bit budc cua cae TVCC. Nguidi lam thu* vien ed ttach nhifm cung cap, hydng dan trong eae phydng tien ehinh thde va phi chfnh thut de tiep can thdng tin do.
Ngoai ra, thift ke cac khoa hpc ve ning lyt thdng tin dy^ tren cae ngudn lyt sin ed tai cae TVCC.
Vi du: dao tao eac ky nang cd ban ve may tinh, Internet, ttinh duyft web, email va van de bao m f t Bu6i tf p huan cung bao gom thyc hanh tim kifm danh muc thy vien, ngoai ra thy vien cdn xem xet den cac vSn de cd ban ve may tinh danh cho ngu'cfi cao tuoi...
PAit trien dgi ngu viin chu'c: yeu tSquan trgng trong ^$c eao tao v@ nang life Oidng tin hiSu qua
De cung cap cd hpi dao tao chfnh thde hifu qua cho cdng ehung, ngodi lam thy vifn can cai tten nang lyc thdng tin v l i ^ ning giang day.
Cdng nghf thdng tin da thay ddi dang ke trong nhutig nim qua va ngu'di lam thy vidn phai cap nhat eac kien thde va ky nang cua hp trong mpi l^fa canh cae dng dung cdng nghf tiidng tin.
Hdp tac v6i cac tS ch&c khac di tiiuc day giao due nang lu'c tiiong tin
Cac quan tri vidn va nhan vifn TVCC nhan thay ring eac chOdng ttinh dao tao ning lut thdng ttn nfn tiep can nhidu ngydi hdn. Do do, thy vifn ttung tam nfn xay dytig mdi quan hf dffl tac vdi cac to ehdt dja phi/cftig de eung cap cac ed hpi dao tao mien phf nang iyc thdng tin bfn ngoai thu" vien va mpi ngu'di cd the tham dy cac khoa dao tao ning lye ttidng tin tai cac ttung tSm cdng dong, cac trung tam nghf nghifp va cac ttung tam giao due thydng xuyen...
D l ngydi lam thy vifn cd nang lyc thdng tin thi ky nang hp can ed bao gom:
- Kien thiit: Hp phai cd kifn thde vg cong nghe thdng tin, phai biet sd dung may tinh ca nhan, bift vg he thdng may tinh, biS sd dung mpt so phan mgm khac nhau nhy word, excd, Internet va cae mang xa hpi.
- Kha nang: Cd kha nang tim kiem thdng tin trfn Internet, xae djnh chfnh xac va tfnh chan thyt cda t i i lifu so cd sin trfn Internet, cd kha nang phan bift giu^ eac ngudn ttn khae nhau.
- Thai do: La ngifSi cd thai dp t y tin, hdp tac, tdn trpng, hlng hai giup dd va kha ning md ra nhijtig y tydng mdi.
Ket lu$n
De dao tao NDT cd ning lut thdng tin thi ngydi lam thi/ vifn phai la nhQhg ngydi cd ning lyc tiidng tin. Ngydi lam thy vifn c3n phai bift nhuhg loai thdng tin so ma ho can, hp cd the tim thfy thdng tin hp can d dSu hay hp cd the tim thfy nhifu hdn nhuhg thdng ttn lien quan nhothf nao. Hp la ngydi cd kha nang truy cap vao ngudn thdng tin so, sd dung eac ky nang may tinh va cae cd sd dd lifu.
Ngydi cd ning lyt thdng tin phai ed ky ning
tim Idem thdng tin bang eac each ttep can va tim kifm khae nhau. Ho phai cd kha nang danh gia nhigu hdn, b i ^ dude chat ludng ttidng tin va lam t h f nao dg sd dung ttidng tin mdt each hieu qui.
Ngoai ra, hp ludn phai cip nhat nhutig cdng nghf mdi nhSm dm m ^ vdi nhOhg thay ddi de ed kha ning giup d3 va chia se kien thde cho NDT.
TAI UEU THAM KHAO
1. ALA. Information litieracyQmipetsncy Standards for Higher Blucation. hUp://vwww.ala. org>ACRL>
Guideline, Standards, and Frameworks. Retrieved 9/2/2017.
2. Brenriig P. S. Putting libraries back in the in- formation society. http://connection.ebscohostcom/
e/artieles/4959375/putting-libraries-back-informa- tion-scKiety. Retrieved 9/2/2017.
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jiscacuk/guides/developing-students-digital'litera- ey. Retiieved 9/2/2017.
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Julien_2004.pdf. Retiieved 9/2/2017.
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Retiieved 9/2/2017.
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artideid=17334958ishow=3bttacL Retrieved 10/2/2017.
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unaoc.org/mil-re5ources/the-alexandria-proclama- tion-on-informatton-literaey-and-lifelong-learning- 2005/. Retiieved 9/2/2017.
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access-to-knowiedge/information-literaey/. Retrieved 9/2/2017.
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1108/00242530510593399.
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(Ngay toa scan nhin bii: 8/3/2017; Ngay phan biin danh gia: 03/4/2017; Ngay tiiap nhan dang:
12/4/2017)
XAY DUNG TIEU CHI DANH GIA...
Ttep theo trang 13 3. Hpi Thu' vifn Viet Nam. Cung cap thong tin thong qua thif vien cQng c$ng Viit Nam: chuan danh gia hoat dpng va tie ddng.
4. Nghi dinh so 72/20D2/ND-CP ngay 06/8/2002 cda Chfnh phu hU'dng dan chi tiet thi hanh Phap lenh Thu" vien.
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2014 cua Thu tudng Chfnh phu ve viec ban hanh chf dd bao d o thdng ke tdng hpp ap dung ddi vdi Bp, Nganh.
7. Quyet i^nh sS 01/2003/QD-BGDDT ngay 02/01/
2003 cua Bp tmdng Bp Gilo dye v l Dcio tao quy djnh tteu chuan thi/ vifn tn/dng phS th&ig.
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(fjgay toi soan nhan bii: 8/2/2017; Ngay phein biin danh gia: 03/4/2017; Ngay chap nh$n dang:
12/4/2017)
Tap chi THir VIEN VIET NAM
