TAP CHi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCIifl Du Thdng Nhit
' DUNG LirONG TRI NHO SO CUA HOC SINH LOfP 6,7 or MOT s o TRirpNG TRUNG HOC CO SP TINH KIEN GIANG
DU T H 6 N G NHAT'
TOM T A T
Bdi viet ndy khdo sdt dung lugng tri nha (DLTN) sd ciia hgc sinh (HS) lap 6, la mgt sd trudng trung hgc ca sd (THCS) tinh Kien Giang. Bdi viit sit dung phuang phdp nghien cuu dinh tinh vd dinh lugng. Ket qud nghien ciru cho thdy muc do ghi nhd ciia HS vi sd Id 5,43. Tdc ddng cung cd ed dnh hudng tich cue den muc do ghi nhd sd ciia HS. Cd su khdc nhau ve mirc dg ghi nhd sd giita cdc HS cd hgc luc khdng nhu nhau
Tu khda: dimg lupng tti nho, mile dp ghi nho sl, tri nho hpc sinh trung hpc co so, tinh Kien Giang.
ABSTRACT
Numerical memory span of sixth and seventh graders at some Junior high schools in Kien Giang province
The aim of this study was to investigate the numerical memory span of sixth and seventh graders in some junior high schools in Kien Giang province. The research employed qualitative and quantitative methods. Findings show that the numerical memory span of juniors is 5.43. The consolidating actions have positive influence on the numerical memory level of students. There are different levels of numerical memory between the students of various academic achievements.
Keywords: memory span, numerical memory level, memory of juniors, Kien Giang province.
1. Dat van dl tihd ciia con nguoi noi chung, cua HS Tri nho la mpt qua ttinh nhan thilc THCS noi rieng cin chii y din DLTN thi quan trpng ciia con nguoi, lien quan true hien 6 kha nang ghi nha, giQ gin va tai tilp va mat thilt vai kit qua hpc tap ciia hien lai s6 luong thong tin khi tilp nhan HS. Theo Xetrenip, khong co tri nhd thi chiing. "Chi s6 khIi luong ghi nhd con khong CO kinh nghiem, khong co bit cil quan trpng o ch6 no la co so dl phat triln mpt hoat dpng c6 y nghTa nao. Su phat cac qua trinh tam li nhan thurc phiic tap ttiln ciia tri nho nhu mot trong nhiing khac (nhu tu duy)" [2]. Viec nghien ciiu nhan t l trpng ylu anh hucmg din hoat DLTN s6 va nhiing bien dii cua DLTN dpng nhan thilc va hoat dpng ciia con s6 khong chi giiip cac nha su pham phat nguoi, "tri nhd la mpt dilu kien quan hien kha nang thu nhan thong tin vl s6 trpng dl qua trinh nhan thilc li tinh diln hpc, nim bit nhimg dilu kien tam li ra va lam cho qua trinh nay dat dupe kit thuan Ipi va can trd qua trinh ghi nhd ma qua hpp li" {6\. Do do, khi nghien ciiu tri cdn co co sd dl phat trien tit tri nhd cua
• NCS. Truttng B j i hpc Su phjm Qu6c lap BSi Trung, Dii Loan; Email: [email protected]
TAP CHl KHOA HQC DHSP TPHCM Sd 3(68) nam 2015
HS trong qua trinh day Toan, gop phan nang cao chat lucmg day hoc trong viec thirc hien nhiem vu doi moi phucmg phap day hoc a bac THCS hien nay.
2. Giai quyet van de 2.1. Nhiem vu nghien ciru
Bai viet thuc hien hai nhiem vu nghien cuu sau:
2.1.}. He thong hoa cdc khdi niem Tri nhd la mpt qua trinh tam li phan anh nhihig kinh nghiem cua ca nhan dual hinh thiic bieu tugng, bao gom su ghi nh6, gin giO va tai hien sau do 6 trong 6c cdi ma con nguai da cam giac, tri giac, rung dpng, hanh dpng hay suy nghi truac day.[li
Dung lugmg tri nhd la pham vi, miic dp hay don vi thong tin dug^c ghi nhd lai vao mpt thoi diem nao do. [3]
Tdc dgng cung cd la cdch cho tac nhan kich thich tac dpng l^p di lap lai nhieu lan len chu the ghi nhd de nang cao hi?u qua ghi nho. [4]
2.7.2. Khdo sdt thuc trgng DLTN sd cua HS
Dieu tra thirc trang s6 luang va chit lupng \h DLTN s6, tac dpng ciia bai tap Cling c6 ,d^n DLTN s6 ciia HS 16p 6 va lop 7.
2.2. The thirc vd phirffng phdp nghien cuu
De giai quyet nhiem vu nghien cuu, the thiic va phuang phap nghien cuu duoc thuc hien nhu sau:
Bir&c 1. Chudn bi nghiin cuu + Xay dung bai tap trSc nghiem nho so dung cho HS lop 6, 7 theo phuang
+ Npi dung bai tap trac nghiem:
Gom 10 so CO hai chu sd, dupe chpn bat ki tir so 21 d^n 94, khong chpn cac s6 nhu 20, 30, 22, 33 va nhung so tuang tu.
+ Cach thirc hien: Cho HS lam bai tap trac nghifm vua nghe vira xem 10 s6, moi so each nhau 5 giay, roi yeu cau HS nhd lai 10 so, khong can nha diing theo trat tu cac so da cho, ngay sau khi d^ng thai nghe va xem xong.
+ Cach cho diem: Moi cau tra Idi diing, HS tham gia lam bai t$p trkc nghiem se dupe mpt diem.
+ Cach xep logi: Miic dp ghi nhd s6 cua HS ldp 6, 7 dupe danh gid theo each truyen thong d cac miic dp sau: Tu 1 den 2 s6 la loai kem, tu 3 den 5 so la logi trung binh, tu 6 den 8 so la loai kha, tii 9 den 10 sola loai gioi.
+ Tieu chi danh gia DLTN so: Gom cd 2 tieu chi, mpt la so lupng so ghi nhd duoc ciia HS va hai la phan tich ve chat lupng npi dung ghi nhd so. Doi vdi chat luong ghi nhd so d HS, dua vao phuong phap phan tich ciia A. P. Nhechaev the hien d hai npi dung: Mpt la xac dinh xem cac con so dupe ghi nhd theo trinh ty giam dan hay tang dan, va hai la xac djnh xem HS da xay d\mg nhung mdi lien he nhu thS nao trong viec ghi nhd cdc s6 rdi rac ciia bai tap trac nghiem. [5]
Bir&c 2. Tiin hdnh th^ nghidm va chinh sua
Bai tap trac nghiem nhd so dupe thii nghiem tren hai nhdm HS ldp 6 va ldp 7 d.h xdc dinh cdc thdng sd kT thuat cdn thiet lam co sd chinh sua va hoan
TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Du Thdng Nlidt
Budc 3. Thu tltgp sS lieu + Bai tap trac nghiem nhd sd duac thuc hien theo nhdm tir 4 dSn 6 HS dk ddm bdo gidi thich can ke den khi HS hieu mdi cho lam trdc nghiem.
+ Bai tap tac dpng ciing co dupe thuc hien khi HS lam trdc nghiem khong nhd du 10 sd d lan nghe va xem thii nhat, nghiem vign dpc va cho xem lai 10 sd de HS ciing cd cho tdi khi nhd lai day dii. Bdi tap trac nghiem se k^t thiic, khdng phu thupc vao kSt qua ghi nhd cd dii 10 so hay khong, sau khi nghiem vien phat ra lan cung co thii 9 (Idn tdi hien thii 10).
Btr&c 4. Phin tick ket qua khao sat Du lieu nghien cuu dupe phan tich bdng phan mem thong ke iing dung SPSS 19.0. Phep tinh ti le phan tram va diem
trung binh cpng (DTB) dupe ti^n hanh phan tich cho cac bien miic do nhd so, phan loai nhd so va nang luc hpc tap. He sd tuang quan Pearson duac sii dung de kiem dinh mdi lien he giiia mirc dp nhd sd vdi diem trac nghiem kieu nhdn each cua HS. Kiem dinh t-test dupe thuc hien de so sanh trj trung binh muc dp nhd sd cdc bien ldp hoc va gidi tinh. Phuang phap phan tich phuang sai (ANOVA) diing de so sanh trj trung binh mirc dp nhd sd ciia HS d bien nang luc hpc tap.
2.3. Mdu nghien ciru
Mau nghien ciru duac chpn theo tieu chi ldp hpc va gidi tinh, tieu chi ndng luc hpc tap dupe chpn ngdu nhien gom 370 HS hgc tai bdn trudng THCS thupc tinh Kien Giang. Mdu va cdc tham sd nghien ciiu dupe trinh bdy d bdng 1 sau day:
Bdng 1. Mdu vd cdc tham so nghien ciru
Bi^n so Ldp hpc Gidi tinh T6nR
Phan loai Ldp 6 Ldp 7 Nam
Nu
Tan so (TS)
188 182 192 178
Tile
(%)'
50,8 49,2 51,9 48,1
Bien so Nang luc hpc tap
Phan loai Yeu + Kem Trung binh Kha Gioi
TS 75 164 93 38
%
20,3 44,3 25,1 10,3 370
3. Ket qua nghien cihi
3.1. Thvrc trgng muc dp nhd so cua hgc sinh 3.1.}. Ddnh gid muc do nhd so (xem bdng 2)
Muc do nha so
Theo bdng 2, muc dp nhd s6 cua 370 HS mdu khao sat la tir 1 din 10 sd, vdi DTB
=5,43, dp lech chudn (DLC) -1,69. Trong do, HS ldp 6 cd DTB =5,28, DLC =1,67 va ldp 7 cd DTB -5,59, DLC -1,70. Quan sdt DTB cua HS giua hai ldp, ta thdy mirc dp nhd sd ciia HS ldp 7 tdng cao hon 0,31 so so vdi miic dp nhd so cua HS ldp 6.
TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM S6 3(68) nam 2015
Bdng 2. Mirc do nha sd ciia HS todn mdu khdo sdt Biln ldp hoc
Ldp 6 Ldp 7 Tong
Diem thap nhat 1,0 1,0 1,0
Diem cao nhat 10 10 10
BTB 5,28 5,59 5,43
DLC 1,67 1,70 1,69 Phdn logi hgc sinh theo mirc do nhd so (xem bdng 3)
Bdng 3. Phdn logi HS theo mirc do nhd sd
Phan loai nhd so Kem
Trung binh Kha Gioi Tong
TS 13 191 153 13 370
%
3,5 51,6 41,4 3,5 100,0
Thii* b3c 3 1 2 3
Bdng 3 cho thay, cd 3,5% (13 HS) nhd sd kem, 51,6% (191 HS) nhd sd trung binh, 41,4% (153 HS) nhd sd kha vd 3,5% (13 HS) nhd s6 gidi. Nhu vay, sd HS cd miic dp nhd sd trung binh xep thir b^c 1, miic dp nhd sd khd xep thii bac 2, mirc dp nhd sd gidi va kem deu xep thii bac 3. Dieu nay cho thay khd nang xii li va gin giii thdng tin ve bieu tuong sd bang thinh gidc va thi giac ciia HS mau nghien ciiu dat d miic do trung binh va kha.
Chdt lugng ngi dung ghi nha so HS cd miic do ghi nhd sd rdi rac theo chieu hudng tang dan ve sd lupng sau mdi Idn ciing cd. HS ldp 7 co miic dp ghi nhd theo chieu hudng tang cao hon HS ldp 6. Nhirng sd ma HS nhd tdt la nhihig sd ndm d dau ddy va cudi day sd, nhimg sd ma HS hay quen phdn nhi^u ndm d giiia ddy sd.
HS kha vd gidi dd biet edeh sap xep cac sd rdi rac thdnh nhung sd cd trat tu de de ghi nhd bdng cdch gdp cde sd rdi rac thdnh cum hai va cym ba. DiSn hinh, HS gdp cdc sd rdi rac thanh cym hai nhu: 68- 32, 49-27; cum ba nhu: 68-32-49, 91-26- 75. Ngodi ra, HS cung nhd day sd da cho theo cdch lien tudng. Em Nguyen Phii A.
HS ldp 6/2 Trudng THCS Himg Vuong cho biet: "Khi ghi nhd, em lien tudng sd 68 la bien sd xe Kien Giang, 32 Id sd ban trong Idp, 27 la sd chau lan em tudi nude hdng ngay, sd 51, 49 la tudi eua ba vd me em, 83 Id sd nha em, sd 91 la nam sinh ciia anh em, 26 Id ngdy sinh nhdt em, so 75, 74 Id tudi ciia dng vd bd em".
3.}.2. Kit qud nghien ciru tdc dgng dnh hudng cua bdi tap cung co so (xem bdng 4) ^
Anh huong ciia tdc ddng ciing cd sd theo tdng mdu nghien ciru vd theo lap
TAP CHi KHOA HOC BHSP TPHCM Dtr Thdng Nhat
Bang 4. Kit qud.nhd so sau khi cdng co cua HS theo tong mdu vd theo lap Lan
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Ldp 6 DTB
6,96 7,95 8,35 8,53 9,01 9,28 9,31 9,25 9,67
TS 181 165 124 91 67 36 16 8 6
BLC 1,91 1,70 1,42 1,49 1,06 0,85 0,79 0,46 0,52
Ldp 7 DTB
7,56 8,40 8,75 9,05 9,38 9,33 9,29 9,75 10,0
TS 174 140 96 64 40 15 7 4 1
DLC 1,93 1,53 1,22 0,95 0,90 0,82 0,76 0,50 0,46
t 0,003 0,016 0,031 0,015 0,076 0,830 0,941 0,116 0,576
Tong mau STB
7,25 8,15 8,53 8,74 9,15 9,29 9,30 9,42 9,71
TS 355 305 220 155 107 51 23 12 7
DLC 1,94 1,64 1,35 1,31 1,01 0,83 0,77 0,52 0,49 Bang 4 cho thay, tac dpng ciing co
cd anh hudng tich cue den mile dp ghi nhd s6 cua HS mau nghien cilu. Sau lan Cling CO thii nhat (lan tai hien thii hai) thi mile dp ghi nhd s6 ciia HS tang len ro ret vdi DTB =7,25, DLC =1,94 cao hon so vdi kit qua tai hien dau tien vdi DTB
=5,43, DLC =1,69. Din lin cung cl thu nam thi da so HS mdu nghien cilu nhd dii 10 sl cua bai tap trie nghiem.
Mile dp ghi nhd so cua HS Idp 6 va Idp 7 cung tang len theo so lan cilng co.
Tuy nhien, da sl HS ldp 6 nhd dii 10 so d lin Cling c6 thii sau thi HS ldp 7 chi tdi lin Cling cl thii nam da phan da nhd dii 10 sl. Dilu nay chiing to tac dpng ciing cl c6 anh hudng khac nhau tdi mile dp
ghi nhd so ciia HS hai khoi Idp, HS ldp 6 mat nhieu lan ciing co mdi nhd du 10 so so vdi HS Idp 7.
Mile dp ghi nhd so cua HS Idp 6 deu thip hon so vdi HS ldp 7 d phin Idn cac thdi diem ciing cd ke tir lan cilng co thii nhit. Theo kit qua d bang 4, ta thiy mile dp ghi nhd s6 ciia HS Idp 6 d lin cilng el thil nhit cd DTB =6,69, DLC =1,91, d lin cung CO thii ba cd DTB =8,35, DLC =1,42 va d lin ciing co thii sau cd DTB =9,28, DLC =0,85 diu cd dilm ttung binh thip hon so vdi HS Idp 7 d cilng thdi diem cung c6 thii nhat vdi DTB =7,56, DLC
=1,93, d lin ciing c6 thii ba cd DTB
=8,75, DLC =1,22 va d lin ciing c6 thii sau cd DTB =9,33, DLC =0,82.
TAP CHI KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Sd 3(68) nam 2015
Anh huong ciia tdc dgng Bang 5. Ket qud nhd
cung CO so theo ndng luc so sau khi ciing co ciia HS
hgc tap (xem bdng 5) theo ndng luc hgc tap
L*p
6
7
,3
E on c
L^n I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1
?
3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Y^u+Kem • TS 42 38 34 29 19 8 5 3 2 31 25 21 17 13 6 2 1 73 63 55 46 32 14 7 4 2
BTB 6,81 7,61 8,32 8,86 9,00 8,88 920 9,33 9,00 7.03 7,80 8,38 8,88 9,23 9,50 9,50 10,0 6,90 7,68 8,35 8,87 9,09 9,14 9,29 9,50 9,00
BLC 1,71 1,48 1,14 1,12 1,20 1,12 0,84 0,58 0,00 2,15 1,63 1,24 0,93 0,83 0,84 0,71 0,00 1,90 1.53 1,17 1,04 1,05 1,02 0,76 0,58 0,00
Trung binh TS 77 74 58 41 33 20 9 5 4 81 66 44 29 20 8 4 2 158 140 102
n
53 28 13 7 4BTB 6,53 7,74 8,21 8,15 8,94 9,30 9,22 9,20 10,0 7,74 8,48 8,64 8,86 9,30 9,25 9,25 10,0 7,15 8,09 8,39 8,44 9,08 9,29 923 9,43 10,0
B L C 1,94 1,80 1,62 1,79 1,11 0,80 0,83 0,45 0,00 1,74 1,58 1,36 1,06 1,03 0,89 0,96 0,00 1,93 1,73 1,52 1,56 1,08 0,81 0,83 0,54 0,00
Kha TS 45 40 21 16 13 6 2
42 35 20 11 5 1
87 75 41 27 18 7 2
- -
BTB 7,40 8.50 8,38 8,62 9,23 9,50 10,0
7,50 8,66 9,15 9,45 9,80 10,0
7,45 8,57 8,76 8,96 9,39 9,57 10,0
-
•
B L C 1,97 1,76 1,32 1,14 0,83 0,55 0,00
2,08 1,47 0,93 0,69 0,45 0,00
2,01 1,62 120 1,05 0,79 0,54 0,00
Gioi TS 17 13 11 5 2 2
•20
-
14 11 7 2
37 27 22 12 4 2
DTB 8,06 8,38 9,18 9,40 9,00 10,0
7,80 8,43 9,18 9,57 10,0
7,92
-
8,41 9,18 9,50 9,50 10,0
-
B U 1,56 1,17 1,0/ 0,89 0,00 0,00
-
• 1
1,93 .
- 1
1,08 0,75 0,54 0,00
- -
1,75 1,08 0,90 0,67 0,58 0,00
•
Bang 5 cho thdy muc do ghi nhd sd ciia HS mdu nghien ciiu tang ddn theo nang luc hpc tap tir yeu din gidi va theo sd lan cung cd. Den Idn cung cd thii ba va thii tu thi da sd HS gidi va kha ciia mdu nghien cim nhd dii 10 sd, den lan eung cd thii nam thi da sd HS trung binh va yeu cua mau nghien cuu mdi nhd dii 10 sd.
Miic dp ghi nhd sd cua HS ldp 6 vd
cue xet theo ndng luc hpc tap va theo so lan cung cd. Tuy nhien, d phdn Idn cdc thdi diem ciing cd, miic dp ghi nhd ciiu HS ldp 6 cd diem trung binh thap hon 11' ldp 7 ed cung trinh dp hpc l\rc: yeu, trunp binh, khd va gidi.
3.2. Kit qud khdo sdt nhirng yiu i<
dnh hudng din dung lugng tri nhd s3 3.2.}. Mdi lien he giira mice do ghi nho s6 vd diem trdc nghiem kieu nhdn COL '.
TAP CHi KHOA HQC DHSP TPHCM Dir Thong Nhdt
Bang 6. Ket qud tuang quan giira mirc do ghi nhd so vd diem trdc nghiem kieu nhdn cdch ciia HS mdu nghien cim
Bien so KiSu nhan each
Tuong quan Pearson (r) Mirc y nghTa (p), (2 phia) Tdng(N)
Nhd so -0,052
0,323 370
Theo bdng 6, khdng cd su tuong quan giiia mirc dp ghi nhd sd va diim trdc nghidm kieu nhdn cdch ciia HS mdu nghien ciiu (p>0,05). Diiu ndy cho thdy muc dp ghi nhd sd ciia HS cd kieu nhan each hudng npi, hudng ngoai vd kiiu trung gian la tuang ddng nhau.
3.2.2. Moi lien he giita muc do ghi nhd so vd khoi lop (xem bdng 7)
Bdng 7. Ket qua kiem nghiem t ve mirc do ghi nhd s6 theo lap ciia HS
Bien ldp hpc Ldp 6 Ldp 7
BTB 5,28 5,59
BLC 1,67 1,70
Kiem nghiem t (t) -1,77
Dp tu* do (df) 368
Mu-c y nghTa (P) 0,077
Bdng 7 cho thdy khdng cd su khdc biet y nghia thong ke ve miic dp ghi nhd sd giiia HS ldp 6 vd ldp 7 (p>0,05). Tuy nhien, quan sdt ta thdy HS ldp 7 cd miic dp ghi nhd sd trdi han HS ldp 6, vdi DTB =5,59, DLC =1,70 so vdi DTB =5,28, DLC =1,67.
3.2.3. Moi lien he giira mirc do ghi nhd so vd giai tinh (xem bdng 8) Bdng 8. Kit qud kiem nghiem t ve muc do ghi nha so theo gidi tinh Bien gidi tinh
Nam Nii
BTB 5,51 5,35
BLC 1,71 1,68
t 0,89
df 368
P 0,373 Bang 8 cho thiy khong cd su khac biet y nghia thdng ke ve mile dp ghi nhd so giOa HS nam va HS nO (p>0,05). Tuy nhien, kit qua cung cho thay, HS nam cd mile dp ghi nhd sl nhilu hon HS nil, vdi DTB =5,51, DLC =1,71 so vdi DTB =5,35, DLC
=1,68.
3.2.4. Mdi lien he giira muc do ghi nhdsd vd ndng lire hgc tap (xem bdng-9) Bdng 9. Ket qua kiem nghiem ANOVA vi mire do ghi nhd so theo ndng luc hgc tap Nang lu-c hpc tap
Ylu -I- Kem (YK) Trung binh (TB) K h a ( K ) Gidi (G)
BTB 4,89 5,32 5,78 6,11
DLC 1,81 1,63 1,76 1,11
Kiem nghiem F
6,409 df
3 P
0,000
Hau kiem G>TB, YK;
K>YK;
TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Sd 3(68) nam 2015
Bdng 9 cho thdy cd su khac biet y nghia thdng ke vi miic dp ghi nhd sd giOa HS cd nang luc hgc tap khdc nhau (p<0,05). Diiu nay cd thi khdng dinh cd mdi quan he mat thiet giiia miic dp ghi nhd sd va ndng luc hgc tap cua HS. Ket qud hdu kiim (Tukey HSD) cho thdy, miic dp ghi nhd sd d HS nhdm gidi vd nhdm khd tdt ban HS d nhdm yeu, HS d nhdm gidi nhd sd tdt hon HS d nhdm trung binh. Khdng cd sir khdc nhau vi miic dp ghi nhd sd giiia HS nhdm gidi va nhdm khd, giiia HS nhdm khd va nhdm trung binh, giiia HS nhdm trung binh va nhdm yiu. Cd the do HS nhdm gidi va nhdm khd lam todn vd tiep xiic vdi cac con sd nhieu ban so vdi HS nhdm trung binh vd nhdm yeu nen da biet each sap xep cdc sd rdi rac thanh cum hai vd cum ba dd di ghi nhd, lam cho miic dp ghi nhd sd trdi ban so vdi HS cdc nhdm cdn lai.
4. Ket luan
Tir ket qud khao sdt thye trang DLTN sd ciia HS ldp 6 vd ldp 7 d mdt sd trudng THCS tai tinh Kien Giang, cd the nit ra nhiing ket ludn nhu sau:
Muc dg ghi nhd ed chu dinh ve so ciia HS la 5,43, ndm d miic ngudng chudn 7 ± 2 eiia ngudi trudng thanh.
Tac ddng cimg cd cd dnh hudng tich cue den miic dp ghi nhd sd cua HS.
Miic dp ghi nhd sd ciia HS tdng ddn sau mdi lan cung cd. Tuy nhien, tac ddng cung cd cd dnh hudng khdng gidng nhau din miic dd ghi nhd sd ciia HS cd khoi ldp va ndng lire hpe tap khdc nhau.
Mirc dp ghi nhd sd giiia cac HS cd ndng lire hgc tap khac nhau la khdng gidng nhau. HS gidi cd miic do ghi nhd sd nhieu hon HS trung binh va HS yeu;
HS kha cd miic dd ghi nhd sd nhiiu hon HS yiu.
Ghi chu: Bdi viet dua tren bdo cdo vd sd lieu cua Ludn vdn Thgc sT Tdm U hgc:
"Dung lugng tri nhd cua hgc sinh lap 6, 7 a mgt so trudng trung hgc ca sd tinh Kien Giang" (Du Thdng Nhdt, 2007).
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Pham Minh Hac (chu bien), Pham Hoang Gia, Trdn Trgng Thuy, Nguyen Quang Uan (2000), 7am // hgc, Tdi ban Idn thii 5, Nxb Giao due.
2. Nguyin Thi Anh Mai (1998), Tim hiiu tri nhd hgc sinh tieu hgc tinh Soc Trdng dual goc do tdm li thdn kinh, Ludn van Thac sT tdm li hpc, Vien Khoa hgc gido due. Ha Ndi.
3. Tran Thi Thu Mai (2004), Dung lugng tri nhd ldm viic vd khd ndng dgc hiiu cua hgc sinh tieu hgc Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh, L u ^ dn Tiin sT Tam li hpc, Vi?n Tdm li hpc. Ha Ngi.
4. Du Thdng Nhdt (2007), Dung lugng tri nha cua hgc sinh ldp 6, 7 a mdt so truong trung hgc ca sa tinh Kien Giang, Luan van Thac sT tdm li hoc, Dai hpc Su pham Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh.
5. Trdn Trgng Thuy (chu bien) (1990), Bdi tgp thuc hdnh tmi li, Nxb Giao due. Ha Ndi.
6. Nguyen Quang Udn (chu bien), Trdn HOii Luyin, Trdn Quoc Thanh (2004), Tdm li hgc dgi cucmg. In Idn thii XII, Nxb Dai hpc Qudc gia. Ha Ngi.
