PHAP LUAT & DOANH NGHIEP
linh tnnh kinh te the gui thU gian qua trdi qua nhieu hien dong. Dieu do da tdc dong khong nho den nen kinh tenitct ta. Nhtthg thdng cim nam 2008 dUUc nhieu cirnyen gia ddnh gid Id rck kho khdn.
Ldm the ndo de ciiu giup nen kinh te mict nhd vtiOt qua dUtic nhiihg kho khdn do?
Chiing toi co bdi ghi nhdn y kien ciia chuyen gia kinh te:
PGS Nguyen Vdn Nam - nguyen thdnh vien Ban nghien ciAi ciia Thu ttidng ve van denay
GiCf toe dp tdng tniSng vUd ptral nhUhg l3en vOhg
Thdi gian qua, nhiaj ngiAi cd tam ly chip nhan lam phat "mot ti" de tang tai&ng. Chung la can loai bl) vitx coi nhe sfl dn dinh nay. Cae nude ehi chap nhan mile lam phit dudi 3% de ting tning.
Khdng nen cd tam ly scing chung vdi berh, chip nhin lienh. Mudn chdng lam phat lodn vijing, cin phii ludng hda lam phat bao nhieu la that sfl chip nhan dupc. Khdng the de ra eho phep lam phai bing CDP, sau dd lai cd giam xudng Ijing cic bien phip khac.
Can de ra con sd lam phat cd dinh, sau dd bang mpi gii phii gifl. Neu cho ehi sd lam phit bing con sd tang taidng thi khi cd nguy co cao hdn, phii dam chip nhin hi sinh tang tiudng dd gifl l(im phit, cin ddi vT md.
Nhin thing vao chi sd GDP cua VN nam J( X )7 cdn thi'y nhieu dieu l^an khoin. Phan tich mdt each khich quan se ihiy tdc dp ting trddng cao d \'N cd phin ddng gtip rii Idn ciia dau td nha nJix.
Wii ytvi id nfla dd chdng Lim phat nhdng ll (k/d( ntji (K'n dd l i nen L^ILIUH chi ngan sich nha i x l t d mdt thap, klidng nen nim nao cung 5"... Lam phai miy nim cfja da cd dau hieu ling ng.iy cing cao, lion 9% trong nim 2004, gan 10"/,. nam 2(X)5 va nam 2007 l i 12,4",,.
\ n i khtVig cd bitii |jli.ip nghiem tut M' klVi cd ( k l ' kti qu^ nhanh v i I RII vClig.
Trung Hieu
Phd do von vdo chd hieu qud
Dieu dang chu y la phan Idn vdn diu td phit trien lai chd yeu dupe dem diu td vao khu vuC kinh te nha nudc hoac de cho cac cdng ty nha nudc thflc hien nen cang tao ra mdi trudng lot cho tham nhung, ling phi phat trien.
Trong khi dd, nhutig cdng ty td nhan - dang ddng gdp rat Idn cho toe do tang tning thi thddng phai "mua lai" hpp ddng, khdng cd dieu kien tdt de ldn manh. Day la dieu bit hpp ly IxJi khu vUc kinh te nha nudc vdn thudng kinh doanh khdng hieu qua. Do vdn vao chd khdng hieu qua, bd qua khu vuC nang ddng la di nguOc lai chu tiutmg tang tinh hieu qui trong sfl dung vdn.
Thdo gd rdo cdn chinh sdch
Chinh sach phap luat tai VN mdi d mdc thao gd cdn nhieu qui dinh can trd dau td can gd bd. Khdng ndi den viec cie luit, nghi dinh bi "treo", tfl ddy ve quan ly kinh te d Viet Nam edng cd nhidu diem dang lo nghT. Vi du qui dinh ve noi dia hda rai chat ehe, di kem la thue...
Moi qudc gia, tuy vao trinh dp cP khi, nguyen lieu, cd the chi thich hpp de lam ra mot loai phg tung cd gii thinh va tinh canh tranh (ao nhat. Viet Nam bit Ixipc npi dia hda, nhd vay vd tinh da triet lieu quyen Iga ehpn cda nha dautg.
Sfl thay ddi chinh sich, luat, qui dinh vd thuc', quan ly dau tfl... khdng the doan laH
khong dudc tham khio y kien hoac tham khao hinh thdc cung la mpt dieu can thay ddi. Dac biet, phii tranh cae bien phap phi thi taidng mang tinh chit tinh the. Yeu kem cai no, bop meo cai kia dang thay d nhieu chinh sach nhfl han che md them quan karaoke, thud old...
Hien tai, nhieu quyet dinh cam van dupc bit ngd dfla ra that sfl ehi dem lai Ipi ich, sflde dang cho cac nha quin ly va vd tinh cit quyen tfl do kinh doanh da dupc chinh phap luat VN qui dinh.
Chong dpc quyen
Co the tha'y ddng gdp eho tang lrudng cua VN nam 2007 cp bin la khu vdc kinh te U nhan. Cae tap doan, tdng cdng ty nha ndde mac du nhan dudc rat nhieu UJ dai nhdng nguPc lai, ddng gop khdng dang ke. Can ra soil xem khu vuC nao cO che uU dai, dpc quyen, khep kin khdng hieu qua thi nen xda ix).
Dpc quydn d VN mdi chi dupc nhan dang d vi the oja mot doanh nghiep nhd Tap doan BuU chinh - vien thdng, Tong cdng ty Dien lut...
ma chda thay chd y den sd lien kel ddc quyen.
Didu nay tha'y khi rd d gia dtd, gin day la gii thqj.
Mot cdng ty lrong nU'x nhajj nguyen lito ve VN, dem sang Tnjng CJufx luytii \hc\), Lii dem ii'^iiic ve VN ban phii thiu thi plii v.in chuyen cao, ccxig IO"/,. lliut' r(')i ma \',in re lion thep sin xuat irong nui« la tlitvj klit'xig tht' lum ndi. 0(y (|uvt>n khfuig t hi khitii (|uyt'n kd (in
phaplf Q
PHAP LUAT & DOANH NGHIEP
ngfldi lieu dung bi thiet hai ma nd cdn lam giam set canh tranh cua nen kinh te. Nhi m t t cfl phai bao ho. Dan cfl phai mua dit. Bao ho djng can bfldc cac nha dau tfl mac du ho sin sang dau tfl va ha gii thanh san pham de canh tranh.
Dpc quyen cung tudc doat eP hdi kinh doanh, thinh vupng cua nhieu doanh nghiep trong nude. Vi vay, d thdi diem hien nay, quyS tam hpi nhap, xda doe quyen, bao hp la mot ed hpi cho nen kinh td
Cd cdch hdnh chinh, ncng cao ndng lifc IDO mdy
Tham hut thuOng mai thdi gian qua edn the hien d cdng tie hcaeh dinh chien lupc dau tfl rat kem khi ngay tfl dau, sfl phat trien nhflhg nganh hang xuat khau ehu luC khdng di lien vdi viec xay dUhg khu vdc sin xuat nguyen lieu cho nd.
Vi du rd nhat la nganh det may. Can dao tao va bude edng chflc phii lam viec chuyen nghiep, hieu qui va tan tam hon. Qui trinh cii cich hanh chinh, chdng tham nhung dutic day manh nhdng van 6e con ngudi dang la lut can khdng nhd khien nhidu chinh sach khdng phit huy dudc tie dung tren thge te.
Hon 10 nam nay chung ta da thuC hien cii cich hanh chinh nhdng tjen nhd Chu tich nddc Ngdyen Minh Triet van phai than "lii thd tiic hanh". Viy thi khdng edn ly do gi de chin ehfl.
Mddn ed mtit lid miy tdt, phii cd ed ehe md de loai bo nhflhg ca nhan thieu nang ldc ra khdi bd may.
Cung each hien nay la nudng chieu to may hanh chinh, cho nd rai nhieu quyen ma giam sat lai khdng bao nhieu. Thanh ra nen hanh chinh chu \ a i di phge vu lanh dao ehfl khdng phii phge vu dan.
Cii each hanh chinh phii di vao thfl: chat vdi cd che tri gia du manh bupc edng chflc phai phuc vu nliCihg ngudi dang nop lien nudi ho.
Neu khdng, bp may hanh chinh rat de trd thanh ganh nang eija x i hdi.
ThUt tdm chdng ttxjm nhCng, Idng phi
Tai sao d mdt nudc thudc dang ngheo nhai the gidi ma mpt nam nhap den gan 2 ti USD xe hdi? Tai sao thu nhap qudc dan tieng la thap nhflhg nhuhg loai xe hdi binh dan lai ban chim hem nhflhg loai \e xin nhii the gitS?
Dieu nay chuhg td lien dang tap tnjng vao nxil nhtim ngniJi. Tham nhdng dang anh hudng l o t tidp den sfl thjnh vutng ciia VN. Cd mdt nha dau tfl Thgy Dien sau mpt thdi gian dau tfl d VN da phai CIK»I gdi \e nudc.
Trong cudn sich dng vid sau chuydn dau
tfl bat thanh mang ten Nhuhg ke khdng the hgp tic, dng cay ding ndi: den lam tfl thien eung phai hdi Id. Tham d, ling phi d VN da la "qudc nan" nhieu nam nay nhflhg vin chfla tijCC cii thien.
Tham nhung se \\SSi tnJC tiep, vifi giin X\ep ngan can dau tfl, can trd cai cich hanh chinh, lieu diet nhuhg co hdi cai thien ddi sdng eua ngudi din, tang bat binh t&ig va tiem tang nguy ed bat dn x i hdi.
Ba nhiem vu chinh cua Nhd nudc
Dieu khien cic nha dau td gap rai nhieu khd khan khi tiep can thi tnjdng VN l i viee cung cap thdng tin rat yai, khdng hoan chinh.
Ton tai nay d i ed tfl rat lau.
Cd nhieu dfl i n Xet mudn dau td vao VN nhdng do thiai thdng tin, nha dau td rat mu md, khd lien ket vdi nhau, khdng the hoach dinh chien lupc va ddi khi phai chip nhan mao hiem nhd danh bae, dac biet la dau tfl vao thi tnjfcmg tai chinh.
Viec tim kiem va phan tich cac sd lieu thdng ke d VN cung rai khd. Khi mudn tim hieu, nha dau tfl phai tim den cae mdi quan he e i nhan, phii mat tien cho ngudi np, ngfldi kia. Tdi nghT cic ban cin quan tam den cP ehe eung cap thdng tin cho cdng chung vl dieu nay giup mdi taidng diu td minh bach va khdng bi ling phi nhuhg cifl i n Idn.
VN nhuhg nam qua la mdt eau chuyen thanh cdng trong phat trien. VN da l i eon hd chau A that sfl vdi ti le tang taidng, con sd tiet kiem tren GDP dat khoang 30%...
Tuy vay, sau mpt thap ky dn dinh, gid cic nhi kinh te bit dau lo ling ve kinh te vi md dia VN cung nhfl cua the gidi. VN dang cd tham hut thudng mai, thim hut can can thanh loan vang lai. Lam phit eung dang la vi'n dd.
Tuy nhien, didu dang ndi la cd ve VN dang mudn nam ea ba bien sd: lam phat, ti gii hdi doii, lii suat ngan hang. Trong khi thdng le chi nen nim mdt eon sd, edn lai nen de thi taing tfl dieu chinh. VN cin Iga chon de hanh ddng manh hon.
Lam phii dang la mdi lo ngai eiia nhi dau tfl vi ho phai bd ra nhieu tidn hon. Dieu chinh lam phit, theo tdi, hien nay nen la nhiem vu hang dau nJa Chinh phu VN. Neu theo dudi muc lieu niy thi Chinh phu can ha thap cic muc tieu khic.
Cd mdt didi ldi nnudn canh bio l i khi Chinh phu ed quydt tam ehdng lam phit thi mdi Bd deu dude giao phan \ KX rieng. Didu nay dd khien cac Bd bien nhtJhg nxjc tieu dai han thanh nnjc tieu ngin ban.
Vi du Bd Tai chinh gilm thud nhap khiu, chuyen nd thinh mue lieu ngin h ^ , chi d^
giam lam phit d i khdng phu hpp, sau 6b l^i di kiem soat, bit doanh nghiep phai ban gii tran the nay, the kia.
Cac nha dau tfl nudc ngoai elm thiy rat 1^
ky. Can xem gdc re van de d dau de giii quyS.
Giai phip chdng lam phit cua VN d i du lidu chua thi mpi ngudi ddu cd the cim nhin khi mua Sim hang ngay. Theo tdi, Chinh phu VN can linh ddng hdn vdi cdng eg ti gii. Khdng n&i kim tl gia mdt cich qua cuhg nhae.
Thach thflc cua VN thdi gian tdi l i lim sao kiem soil tdt ndn kinh te vi md dang cd nhidu vi'n dd. Sip tdi, ngudn vdn giin tiep ngin ban cd the d at vao rdi lai d at ra. Phii ed sfl chuan bj de khdng anh hfldng ddn gidi diu td.
Hien cic qui dau tfl khdng the biS nim nam tdi se the nao, tham chi tuan tdi thd nio.
Nhuhg chinh sich khdng chac chin nhfl ddi v(Si dtd, xe may lam dau diu v i khien ting chi phi cho gidi dau tfl. Diu tfl edng hien mang linh chinh tri nhieu hdn la kinh te. Cd sd h^ ting t^i cae thanh phd se inh hfldng ddn ling taJdng trong tdtng lai cua VN.
VN khdng cdn la ndn kinh td dang chuyen ddi nhd nhidu ngfldi vin ndi. Theoea nhan tdi, tren the gidi, 20 nim da II qui du eho mdt sfl chuyen ddi. VN dang cd nhieu doanh nghiep nha nfldc. Se tdt hon n ^ ehdng ta nghT VN d i la mdt ndn kinh id thj ta/dng de cic chinh sich dfla ra binh ding v i mang tinh thj ta/dng hon.
Hien nhieu cdng ty Idn dang dflpc doe quyen trong cic nginh mdi nhpn, du cic doanh nghiep nay ddng gdp ding ke nhUhg chung eung khidn nen kinh te thieu sflc canh tranh va hieu qua. Bii binh ding chUa II vi'n de eua hien tai nhflng khdng ai dim chic tuOng lai nd se khdng sinh ra nhidu vi'n dd theo vdng trdn qui lull phit tridn - suy thoii cua kinh id.
De duy tri sfl phii trien ben vdhg, Chinh phu VN cd ba nhiem vg chinh phii lim tdt:
phit trien cP sd ha ting cuhg, mem va dim bk) sfl phat trien ben vuhg dJa xa hdi. Cp sd h^ ting cuhg da duPe VN quan tim, the hien d ti Id vdn trong CDP danh cho xiy dghg cP sd h^ ting khi cao.
Cdn CO sd ha ting mdm II co chd phip ly, he thdng thdng tin kinh id can dUdc lim idt hon.
Sfl phit trien lidn vitig cda xa hdi cung d n dflpc ehu trpng lidi sfl mai cin bing ihu nh|p gida eic tang Idp dan cud VN hien da bing vdi chenh lenh thu nhap dTajng C ^ nhirg nim 1980. Diy l i didu khdng lfu, nhfld Philippines, sfl chenh lech da bien thanh bai dn.B
