Vieinam J. Agfl. Sd. 2016. Vol. 14. No. 8:1231-1237
Tgp <Jii KH Nang nghiep Vi#t Nam 2016. tap 14. s6 8:1231-1237 www.vnua.edu.vn
SolaaumalgnimL, fflUC VAT CO KHA NANB XUf Lf DAT A N H I I M CADMIUM Nguylfl Thanh Hirag
Khoa Tai nguyin vaMoitnrcmg, Dai hgc ThuD&uMpt, BinhDttffng Email: [email protected]
Ngaygmbai: 15.03.2016 NgaycMpnhan: ,5.07.2016
TOM TAT
a l 6 nhi4m Cd va ISm cosi, cho S nuhiSn 1!^, „S H i * ^ "'"" ' ^ ^'"' " " * " ^'^' '"^^' ' ^ " * " ;-. i^i c , oi-u va irng d ™ c6ng ngh« « , « vSl »> II6 nhiSm vko tinh hlnh cu thl I- khoa. Solaoom nignjm L., xi 1,^ dSt 6 nhijm. thw v»t sISu llch luy, cadmium.
Solanum nigrum L., A Plant Capable of Treating Cadmium Contaminated Soil
ABSTI^CT
pot.c:irxrerr^atzr'2o^?rurifrJLr^^^
was not signiflcanay different (P < n n^ ! , „ H „ ^ ^ " " " ' " ° ™ ^ compared with the control
Keywords: So/an™ olgiuw L. remediation of contaminated soils, hvperaccumulator, cadmium.
l.DATVANDE
VSn it 6 nhiSm moi tmdng dft bii ldm loai n(ng (KLN) Cd dang thu hut sil quan tam cia nhilu quefc gia trSn th# gidi bai nhilng tac hai nguy hilm din sinh vSl noi chung vk con nguoi noi rieng. Sau khi tham nhSp vao co thl Cd ton tai 0 dang Cd^hen Itet vdi cac protein tao thinh metalthionein r6i duoc gia I p trong thSn khoang 1% v4 thai ra ngoM 99%. Phin con lai niy dugc tich luy tang iin theo tuoi va den mot Mc nao do lugng Cd" niy du ldn co thl thay th«
Zn" ttong cac enzym va giy ra roi loan trao doi chtt. 0 nong ii cao Cd gay cic benh thi&i mau, dau t h ^ vi phi hdy tiy xudng. Nhiing nim
diu 1970 tai m6t huyen cua Nhjlt Ban. hing loat nguoi bi benh "Itai Itai" gay dau vi biln dang midng din den chit do in phM g^o chUa Cd 0 mdc 0,5-1 mg/kg (Alloway et al, 1993).
Gin day. nhd nhOng bilu bift ve co chl hStp thu. chuyen boa, chong chiu vi lofii bo KLN cua mat so loii thuc vit, nguoi ta di bit diu chii f din kha ning sii dung thuc v(t dl itil ly dit 6 nhiSm. Mot trong nhiing cong nghj diing thue vit dl ril U 6 nhilm KLN hula hen nhSt l i thuc vit hiit (phytoeitraction), sii dung ciy sieu tfch luy dS mi h- KLN trong dat bi 6 nhilm. Bin nay, hon 400 cay sieu ticb luy (hyperaccumulatora) da dugc bao cao nhung ciy siSu ttch liiy Od thi con it (Brooks et al., 1977). Gin day da c6 mot
1231
Solanam nigrum L. thyc vSt co khk rang xu- ly dit 6 nhilm cadmium
so cong trinh cdng bo k h a nfing h ^ p thii Cd cua mot so lodi thiic v4t nhtf cSy B. juncea (Salt et al., 1997), cay Arabidopsis haUerii (Kupper, 2000), cay T. ceamlescens (Lombi, 2001). Cho din nay, cong nghe dung thtic vSt de xil ii dfit 6 nhilm Cd v i n chiJa diiOc a p dung rong rai, m 6 t phin nguySn nhan la do hieu qua hfip thti Cd tirong dfit 6 nhiem cua cac cay sieu tich liiy cdn thS^p. Vi vSy, viec xac djnh cay sieu tich luy Cd hieu Qua hdn vfin la mdt biidc quan trong trong vifc ap dijng cong nghe thtic vkt xik 1;^ 6 n h i l m (Phytoi^mediation) (Hatice, 2004) KLN vao thtlc t i l n de ttitog biidc thay the cac phUdng phap tiruyln tJiong vdi chi phi dau tti cao, hieu qua xil If thffp vfi it thfin thien vdi mdi trtidng.
S. nigrum L., b ntidc t a Ifi loai thtic vSt moc quanh nfim, einh tntdng vfi p h a t trien tot trong digu kifn canh tac ddn gian nhitag cay nfiy chua dtidc nghign ctJtu n h i l u vfi rfit it ngtidi bi^t d^n trong xtjt If dfit 5 n h i l m Cd. Vi vSiy nghiSn ctiu nfiy da gfip phfin nho vfio vific giai quyet vfin de 6 nhig'm Cd trong dfit, dSng thdi lfim cd sd khoa hpc cho nhiing nghien cflu tigp theo d^ viec fing d t ^ g cdng nghf thtic v§t xA li 6 n h i l m KLN ngfiy cfing d^t hifu qua.
2. D 6 I TITONG VA PHUONG PHAP 2.1. Do^i t i i ^ g vfi v a t I i f u n g h i S n cthi
Tfit ca cfic thf nghifm dfldc t i l n hfinh tai D3ng Nai tfl thfing 03 de'n thang 06 nfim 2015 trfn dfii ttidng nghien cfiu lfi Solanum tiigrum h.. Tfn Vift Nam ctia cfiy nfiy lfi Thti lii di?c, Cfi den, Ny fio, Ntit fio. Dflc diim tht^c v&t:
cao 30 • 100 cm, lfi ddn moc cfich, cd 3 - 11 x 1,5 - 6,6 cm. chdp nhgn, goc hinh nfm thdt d ^ tdi cudng. cudng lfi dfii 1 - 1,5 cm. Cum hoa d^ing tfin, m9c b ngofii nach la, cudng hoa dfii 5 - 10 mm, dfii hinh ch6n. dfii 1,5 - 2 mm, chl nhi dfii 0,5 - 0,7 mm, cd long td, bao phfin dfii 1 - 2mm vdi nhuy dfii 1,5 ~ 2.2 mm, cd long td d phfa gob' qua chfn mong den. hinh c l u . dudng kfnh 5 - 8 mm, h^t d?t, hinh thfin, dudng kfnh 1mm. Mfia hoa qua thfing 6 d^n thfing 11. moc rai r a c t r f n
^ c ba. hoang rupng hoang, ven duong (Vfl Vfln Hflp vfi Nguyin Thj Nhan. 2005).
1232
Kim loai n a n g nghifn cfiu la Cd dupc b^
s u n g vao dfi't dudi d a n g cac muoi CdCU • 2.5H2O.
C h u ^ bi cac chfiu nhUa thf nghifm (f = 45 cm, H = 35 cm) de trdng cfiy, mdi chfiu chfla khdi Ifldng 10 k g dfi't.
2.2. P h r f d n g p h a p n g h i f n ctjhi
2.2.1. Xac dinb loai tfttfc vSt co kha nang bap tbu Cd cao
Tai cfic vting dfi't cd k h a nfing bi nhilm KLN cao b h a i tinh Ddng N a i va Binh Dfldng nhfl khu cdng nghifp Visip 1 vfi 2, k h u cdng nghifp Sdng Thfin, k h u cong nghiep Bifn Hda 1 va 2, khu cdng nghifp Amata, t u y f n dfldng chinh tft thfinh phd" Bifn Hda din Thii Dfiu Mdt, Ifing nghf" sdn mfii T h a n h L l vfi cfic khu v^c khai t h a c md khofing s a n tai Binh Dfldng vfi Dfing Nai, chujig tdi tien hfinh t h u mSu dfit vfi thijc v4t. Mfiu sau k h i t h u ve phdng thf nghifm dfl^c djnh t f n khoa hoc vfi phfin tich hfim lUdng KLN.
Tifp theo, cht5ng toi chon lofii tkifc vfit cd kha nfing hfip thti Cd trong thfin vfi r l cao, sinh trfldng m a n h de tht^c hifn cac nghifn cflu vf M c h f hfip thu. Sau khi xac djnh dfldc lofii S nigrum cd k h a nflng hfip t h u Cd t f t hdn so vdi ckc lofii khac, cfiy S. nigrum dflpc chpn trdng d§
tifp ttic nghifn cfiu k h a nflng hfip t h u Cd.
2.2.2. Bd'tri tbi ngbiem
Nghien cfiu k h a nfing sinh truflng, di^m t^
h a n vfi k h a nfing tich liiy KLN Cd ciia S.
nigrum L., b4ng each sfi dung thfi nghidm gradient ndng dp t h o n g qua cfic chl tifu tfing tfldng nhfl: c h i l u cao (cm), sinh khfi (g), kha nfing tfch luy Cd trong r l , thfin, lfi, ch3i, hoa (mg/kg) dudi a n h hfldng cila cfic n i n g df Cd khfic n h a u .
Thf nghifm dflpc t h i f t k f trong chfiu fl dilu kifn ngofii trdi. Dfi't thf nghifm dflpc t h u th4p tir b l mflt (0 - 20 cm) t a i mdt s f viing tring rau xanh 5 tinh Ddng Nai. Phfin tfch hda hoc cho thSy t^ng a f C, N , P, K, Cd vfi pH lfi 1,8%, 0,15%, 0,068%, 0,915%, 0,192% vfi 6,84. Dfit sau khi sfing lpc q u a m f t cfii rfiy 4 mm, trfn vdi KLN Cd theo ti If CK (dfli chflng): T l : T2: T3:
NguySn Thdnh Hi/ng
T4: T5 = 0: 10: 25: 50: 100: 200 mg/kg (Cd sd iUa chpn nong dp Cd thf nghifm dfia theo QCyN03/2015BTNMT dit vdi da't nong nghifp o n h i l m KLN Cd, dong thdi c6 t h a m k h a o ngfldng gidi h a n chong chiu Cd cua mot sd loai c6 dai theo cdng bo ciia Wei a n d Zhou (2004), tron deu, do vao chgu (10 kg da^t/chfiu), cat dUdc trdn U n vdi d f t de ngfin c h a n d f t cflng, de can b a n g trong 2 tufin trfldc khi trong. Cac cay con cflng tudi (20 ngay) vfi chieu cao (5 cm) cd bf r i (4 cm) vfi so la (5 ia) n h u n h a u dfldc trdng vfio chfiu, moi chfiu trdng 3 cay con. Tfng so chfiu cho 3 I l n Ifip lai trong nghien cfiu la 18 chfiu, tong so cfiy trong nghien cflu la 18 chfiu x 3 cay/1 chau
= 54 cay.
Hai ngfiy tien hfinh tudi nudc mpt Ifin (nfldc mfiy khdng d n h i l m Cd) dam bao duy t r i 80%
kha nflng gifi im ctia dft. Tfi't ca cac thi nghifm b d ^ n g l u nhien va dfldc Iflip lai 3 I l n . 2.2.3. Danb gi& kit qua tbi ngbiem
a. Thu miu vk pban tich hkm luang Cd Sau 3 t h a n g nghien cflu, tifn hfinh thu mfiu. Lfiy mfiu dft, cfin khdi lUdng vfi do chieu dfii thfin, rfi, chia r l , than, la va chflm hoa rifng le, cfin t h | a i ruta siich vdi nfldc may sau dd dung nfldc cft riia Iai mdt I l n nfla. Cac mflu nfiy dfldc sSy S 105-0 trong 30 phut, sau dd sSy d 70"C cho dfn khi khd kift vfi nghifn thfinh bdt. Mfiu d f t dupc sfy khd trong dieu kien tti nhifin vfi nghifn nho sau dd s a n g qua mpt cfii rfiy cd dfldng kfnh l l rfiy 0,149 mm.
M i u d f t vfi cay dupc xit \f p h a mfiu bfing dung dich H N 0 3 87% vfi H C i 0 4 13%. Hfim lfldng Cd dupc xfic dinh bSng pho nguyen tfi (AA-400, P e r k i n E l m e r , My). De kiem sofit c h f t Iflpng, vfit lifu tifu c h u f n (GBW- 08.505 cho cay va GBW-08.303 cho dfi't) dUdc m u a tfl Trung tfim n g h i e n cfiu vfit lifu tidu c h u i n , Bfic Kinh, T r u n g Quoc.
Xac dinh k h a n a n g tich luy Cd dtia t r e n hf s f T F (Translocation factor, dflpc tfnh bfing ti If n d n g dp KLN tfch luy a p h i n t r f n mflt da't cua cfiy so vdi ndng dd KLN tich luy t r o n g re. Nfu T F > 1 dupc xem lfi loai thfic v^t cd k h a nfing v a n chuyen KLN cao) (Tu a n d Ma, 2002) vfi hf sd BF (Bioconcentration factor.
dfldc tfnh bflng t i If gifia n o n g dp K L N tich lu J d p h a n t r f n m a t d f t ctia cay so vdi n o n g dd K L N t r o n g mdi ttxlbng d a t . N f u B F > 1 loai t h u c vfit do thufic ddng "thflc vfit tich tu", B F
< 1 loai t h u c vfit dd thupc d d n g "thuc vfit n g a n c h a n " vfi B F > 10 loai thtfc vfit dd dfldc xep vao "ddng s i f u tich tu") (Baker et al., 1994;
M a et al., 2011) de dfinh gia k h a n a n g h f p t h u KLN c u a S. nigrum. Cfic c h a t hflu cd t r o n g d f t dfldc xac djnh bflng phfldng p h a p ciia L u (2000). Nong dp p H dudc xac d i n h bflng m a y do p H (PHS-3B) ty If d f t nfldc 1: 2 , 5 .
h. Phan ticb thong ke
DG lieu dudc the h i e n ± SD, y nghia thong kf ve sti khac biet gifla cfic nhom dfldc d a n h gia bflng p h a n tich phfldng sai (ANOVA), vfi so sfinh sfi dting sfi khfic biet d a n g k l nhfi't (LSD) vdi p <
0,05. Cac mdi tUdng q u a n Pearson dfldc t i n h toan de Idem t r a cfic moi q u a n hf vdi k h o a n g tin c4y 95%, sfi dung p h i n mfm Microsoft Excel, S P S S 16.0 vfi Sigma Plot 12.5.
3. K E T Q U A
3 . 1 . X a c d i n h l o a i thfic vsit c o k h a n a n g h a p t h u C d c a o
Ket qua b a n g 1 cho thfiy, trong so cac dja diem dieu tra, hfim lupng Cd trong d f t 5 cac m i u deu t r e n ngfldng cho ph6p (QCVN 03:2015/BTNMT, h a m ludng kim loai nflng Cd cho d f t dan sinh lfi < 2 mg/kg sinh kh^i khd), dac diem hinh t h a i p h f u difn d f t tai cac d i i m Ify mfiu nhfl sau; ldp t r e n cung (0 - 20 cm) c6 mfiu n a u xam. khd, cd n h i l u r l co, chuyen Idp tfi tfl; ldp tiep theo (20 - 40 cm) ed mfiu vfing, kho.
Ti^ng so cac lofii thiic vfit mpc tai cfic diem t h u mfiu, chi c6 h a i lofii cd hfim Ifidng Cd tfch luy cao trong cfiy, dd la Cynodon dactylon (L) Pers, vdi ndng do Cd tich luy trong t h a n vfi r l Ifi 4,9 vfi 37,8 mg/kg (BD6) vfi lofii Solanum nigrum L..
ndng dd Cd tich luy trong t h a n vfi r l la 61,7 vfi 27,8 mg/kg. So vdi Cynodon dactylon (L) Pers.
dUdc tim t h f y tai dia di^m t h u mfiu, c h u n g tdi nhfin thfy lofii Solanum nigrum L.. cd k h a nflng sinh trfldng n h a n h , chfng chiu tft. Do dd, chflng toi chpn thfic hifn cac t h i nghifm tifp theo de xac dinh cd che h f p t h u KLN.
1233
Solanum ngnim L.. tfii/c v|t cd Wia nang xfi ly dat d nhilm cadmium
«
Bang 1. Ham IvtOng KLN Cd trong dat va trong thtfc valt d nhffng difm thu mau nghifn c
Vimg nghign cuu
TJnh OingNai
Tinh Binh Dmmg
Kyhi$ij
DN.1 DN.2 DN.3 DN.4 DN.5 BD.6 BD.7 BD.8 BD.9 BD.IO
ix>3i thut; V9t khao sat
Rmbnst^is acuminate Vahl Cynofton dactylon (L.) Pers Pennis^um putpureum Schum
^echnum orientate L.
Eleocharis dulds (Burm.f.) Hensch Cynodon dactyion (L) Pers.
CypervsmbmdusL.
Pitymgranvna calomelanos (L,) Sacchanjm sponlaneum L.
Solanum nigrum L.
Dat
5,1 3,6 33,4 4,0 1,8 38,4 34.9 2,8 4.2 10.9
H^mlLK7ngCd(mg^kg) Thi/cv3t Th§n
0.5 0.4 4.1 1.5 0,6 4,9 7.0 1,1 0,4 61,7
Rf 7.8 0,9 2,9 1.8 0.5 37.8 9.7 1.2 0,6 27,8
0.24 0,15 0,06 0.38 0.75 0,08 0,09 0.6 0.09 18,42 Cl, dia: nta QCm 03-.201dmTHMT. hia tmng tim hp ling Cd dm dit dta arj, li •
BF- H$ 30 Uch luy Bhb Ape.
3.2. Anh h t f ^ g cua nong do Cd den kha nftng sinh trtfdng cua S. nigrum L.
Th6ng thudng, kin nJng do cua mot KLN trong dtt kh6ng cao htm gia tii Mi hsn chShg chiu cua thiJc vjt thi kh6ng anh hudng den kha nSng ttag tnlSng, vi vjy sinh khffl tren mSt dft cua thvc vkt s6 khdng giam. Mot khi nfing do KLN trong dft vu?t gia tri tai han, sil ttag truSng cia thvic vkt sS bj Ore ChS vft hiiu hijn ra trang thfi b&i ngofti nhu vftng li, giam chiju cao vft sinh khSi (Sun et al.. 2001; Wei efaj., 2004).
Ket qua thi nghifim cho thfty {Hmh 1 vft 2),
b nfing d? 10 - 25 mg/kg Cd, so vdi CK, S.nigrum sinh trildng tot ca ve chilu cao vft sinh khSJ. Qua quan sit, ghi ch6p chung t6i nhjii I thfty mftu sic la, chilu cao vft sinh khfii ciia S. [
nigrum phat triin trong nghidm thi2c Tl vft T2 ?khfing khac so vfii CK (P < 0,05). Dilu nfty phil hop vfii nghi§n ciiu cua Lehoczky (Cd lft mOt trong nhang KLN linh dong trong h§ thfing dtft - cfty, vl vfty de ding bi thuc vftt hSp thu, Uch lily trong cay mft khong cfi diu hi$u ngO djc) (Lehoczky, 2000), nhung Cd co vai tro gi d£6 vji thyc vftt thi chua dudc biet din (Alkorta, 2004).
Hinh 1. Anh huing cua ning dfi Cd d i n sinh kho'i c i . S. nigrum
Nguyin Thfinh Hung
a
r a
S ^ ^ ^ ^ b
H i n h 2. A n h h r f d n g c u a n o n g d o C d d e n c h i l u c a o c u a S. nigrum Khi ndng do Cd trong d f t t a n g ldn 50 - 200
mg/kg, S. nigrum cd dfu hifu vfing lfi, chifu cao vfirinh khdi so vdi CK giam rd rft (T3: 52,67
•WB^^ ^' '^^' ^^'^^ *^™' 3'''^ g v^ T5: 32,33 cm, 2 . « g < CK: 79,33 cm, 9,03 g). \rifc gi^m sinh khfl vfi c h i l u cao cua S. nigrum trong mdi trudng d f t cd ngng dp Cd > 50 mg/kg dupc coi lfi diem tdi h a n .
Kft qua nghidn cihi da chiing minh, trong mdi trUdng dfi't d n h i l m Cd tuf 10 - 25 mg/kg, trSng S. nigrum d l xii li dfi't 6 n h i l m dat hieu qua cao n h f t , vi b ning dd d f t d n h i l m Cd nfiy, he so BF > 10, d a t tifu c h u f n cfiy sieu tfch luy Cd (Tl; 10 mg Cd/kg, hf so B F = 18,42; T2: 25 mg Cd/kg, hf so B F = 12,89) (Wei, 2004).
3.3. A n h h i f d n g c u a n o n g d o C d d f n k h a nfing h f p t h u C d c u a S. nigrum L.
Loai thtlc vfit cd tifm nflng xui b' KLN p h a i dfip ling dupc it nhfi't h a i difu kifn sau: thil nhfit, cd kha nfing tfch luy mot lUdng ldn chfi't d nhilm Odn hdn 100 Ifn so vdi cay binh thudng);
thd hai. c6 k h a nfing tao r a sinh khdi ldn trong difu kifn canh tac ddn gian nhfi't.
Ket qua b a n g 2 cho thfy, hfim lUpng Cd tfch luy trong S. nigrum rfit cao. Nhin chung, p h f n sinh khffi t r e n mftt dfi't (thfin, lfi, hoa, chdi) tfch Ifiy nhifu Cd hdn p h f n dudi m§t dflt (rl).
Trong nghifm thflc T l , ndng dd Cd tich luy trong phfin t r e n vfi dudi mftt d f t Ifin lupt lfi 61,7
(than), 75,8 Oa), 11,1 (hoa), 35,6 (chdi), vfi 27,8 (rl) mg/kg sinh khfi khd, hf so T F = 6,63 > 1 vfi he s f B F = 18,42 > 10. Kft qua nfiy da c h d n g minh S. nigrum lfi loai thilc vfit cd hifu qua vfin chuyfn Cd cao vfi thupc loai sifu tfch luj? Cd (hyperaccumulator) (Ma e(aJ., 2001).
6 cong t h d c T2 lupng Cd dupc tich luy trong thfin vfi lfi cua S. nigrum lfi 104,8 vfi 125,6 mg/kg deu ldn hdn 100 mg/kg sinh khoi khd (ndng do tSi t h i f u cho mdt cfiy sifu tfch liiy KLN), vfi hf so' vfin c h u y i n T F = 5,39 > 1 vfi hf so B F = 12,89 > 10. Vdi k f t qua nfiy, mpt Ifin nfla chiing minh S. nigrum dfi cd dfiy du dfic t r u n g cd b a n cua cfiy sidu tfch luy Cd (Wei et al., 2004).
Khi ndng do Cd trong d f t tfing vpt Ifn 50, 100. 200 mg/kg (T3, T4, T5), sil tfch luy Cd 6 phfin t r e n vfi dudi m f t da't cua S. nigrum cimg tfing Idn (Bfing 2). Kft qua bang 2 cho t h f y phfin ldn b cac cdng thflc t h i nghifm ndng df Cd tich luy trong thfin vfi lfi deu ldn hdn lOOmg/kg vfi ndng dd Cd trong chdi ludn cao hdn trong r l ( T F > 1 ) .
N h u vay, vdi k h a nfing thfch nghi d5c bift nfiy, S. nigrum khdng chi song dupc trong moi trudng d n h i l m Cd mfi chiing cdn tfch luy Cd r f t cao. Lupng Cd tfch liiy ldn hdn r f t nhifu Ifin so vdi cay binh thudng. Tit k f t qua mfi c h d n g tdi nghien cihi dupc, mdt Ifin nfla khfing dinh S.
nigrum Ifi mpt cay sifu tich liiy KLN Cd.
1235
Solanum mgnim L. thi/c V9t c6 kha nang xi> Iy dat 6 nhiim cadmium
B a n g 2 . N o n g d o C d k h a c n h a u a n h h i f d n g d e n k h a n a n g haTp t h u C d c u a S. nigrum L . (mg/kg sinh khoi khd)
h>c CK
T2 T3 T4 T5
Smh khii
9.0310.42a g.10±D.S1a 8J6x 0,30B 4,55*0.a7b 3.74 ± 0.29b 2.41i0.a»
Thdn 0.410.02 61,7i2.3Sb 104,8 ± 3.40b 137,5 = 3.50b 205.St 3.67b 2S3.4 ± 2.22b
Ti€n mil dat (rng/kg) La 0,5 ±0.04 75.at2.5ga 125,611,63a 196.3^ 4.73a 264,711.21a 292.411,15a
Koa 0,3 ±0.05 11.110.61e 24,71 1,43B 33,41 0.62d 40,4 = 0.92e 4S.4±0,16e
Chfii 0.310,09 35,6 ± 1,62c 67,3 ± 1.44c 102.111,890 132,314.93c 166.2*5,730
(m3*g}{R«) 0.110,01 27.ei1.57d 59.811,17d 96,4 ± 2.42c 131,9 i0,66d 156.815,64(1
TJng Cd 1,6 212.0 382.2 S65,7 774,9 914,2
6,63 1 5.39 1 4.87 9 4,87 e 4.81 3.
Gbi chd. TF-.HesgvOn ebuy4n, BF: He sotkb luf sinb bgc
4. THAO LUAN
Di danh gifi kha nflng sieu tfch luy KLN cua thyc vft, tieu chufn quan trpng nhfi't lfi xac dinh dupc diim tdi h a n vfi k h a nfing tfch luy KLN phfin trdn vfi dudi mat dft. Hifn nay, cfic tifu chufo mfit cfiy sifiu tfch luy KLN cd b a n da dupc thfng nhft.
Cftn cfl kha nftng chfng chiu vfi tich l u j KLN 5 cfic bf phftn tren vfi dudi mftt dfi't cua 3.
nigrum trdng trdn dft d n h i l m KLN Cd, cac k e t qua nghifn cflu cua chiing tdi cho thfi'y S.
nigrum dfi hfi du tidu chf cfiy sifu tfch liiy KLN Cd (Sun et al., 2004; Ma et al., 2001).
Ttt con dudng xfic dinh cfiy sieu tfch luy den thyc t i l n diing thyc vft xfl 1^ d n h i l m t h a n h cdng lfi r f t xa. Chiing tfl nghi r&ng vifc ap dung cfic cdng nghf ndng nghifp hifn dai kft hpp vdi thyc vft xil IJ fi nhilm 9f lfi mft s y cflt ngfin cho dng dyng thUdng mai diing cdng nghf thuc vfit xii IJ 6 nhilm KLN.
M$c dii S. nigrum dupc xfic djnh lfi cfiy sieu tfch my Cd trong nghien cflu nay nhung nhOng nghien cflu vf cfic cdng nghf phd hpp cd Uen quan dfn cfiy sidu tfch iGy Cd thi cfn thift trong tUdng lai. Phfit hifn mdi trong nghien cflu nay cua Chung loi Ifl trong mdi trUdng dfi't 6 n h i l m Cd 10 - 25 mgflig, S. nigrum sfng vfi phfit t r i i n rfit tot. Dfiy lfi phfit hifn quan trong trong vifc dfing df. tupng S. nigrum trong cdng nghe diUig thyc vft xu U dfi't d nhilm Cd tifn dfn dfin thay the cfic cdng nghf truyen thong vdi chi phi cao vfi u thfin thifn vdi mdi trudng.
i:36
S . K E T L U . ^
Trong dieu kien c a n h tfic hinh thudng, S.
nigrum sinh trUdng, p h a t trien va cho sinh khoi tot, day lfi Uu d l l m di chpn ddl tupng nfiy trong cdng n g h e ddng t h y c vfit xii h' dfi't 5 nhifm.
S. nigrum sd'ng vfi sinh trudng dupc trong difu kifn dfi't 6 n h i l m Cd tfl 0 - 200 mg/kg, trong mdi trUdng d f t 6 n h i l m Cd tfl 10 - 26 mg/kg, trong S. n i g r u m d a t hifu qua xd If Cd cao n h f t .
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