ChiioXii.in CJuy I
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ptiattnen nang Mdngxanii cno mua xuan vMi nang
TS. BUI HUY PHUNG Chd tich Hdi dong Khoa hoc- Hiep hgi Nang lUOng Viit Nam
M6DAU
Qua trinh phdt triln hing nghin nim cua nhin loai, die bi?t trong hai thi ky vda qua, con ngddi da sd dpng qua mdc tai nguyin cua trdi dat.
Trong linh vUc nang Idpng, tilu thu nang Idpng thdPng mail toan the gidi trong hai thi ky qua tang hdn mdt ngan Ian: Ndm 1800 chi tieu thp 11 trieu TOE than dd, nim 2005 tdng tilu thp Iln tdi 11.500 trieu TOE. Con ngddi da nh|in thdc tham thia rang, hanh tinh cua chung ta Id hdu han, cd the mdt mua xudn, cdn ddpc bio [10] NANG Lt/ONG VliT NAM Sd 93+94 (1+2/2013)
v | vi chung sdng. Nhilu nguyin tdc phdt triln dupc d l xudt nhd: nguyin tic 3E (Economy- Energy-Environmet); Phat triln bin viing (Sustanabile development); Tang tnidng xanh (Green growth)... Cdc nguyin tdc, quan diem phdt triln diu cd chung mpc tieu li dilu chinh hanh vi cua con ngddi chung sdng vdi hdnh tinh, vdi thiln nhien, sd dung hi^u qua cic ngudn tai nguyen, phyc vp liu dii cho con ngUdi.
Tang tnidng xanh la mpt phUpng thdc, mpt m6 hinh mdi, dUpc nhilu nddc tren the gidi quan tdm thlic hi|n. Tang trUdng xanh la mdt qud trinh cd ciu lai nln kinh t l qudc ddn, xdy ddng lgi cd sd ha ting, nhim sd dung mpi ngudn lpc hieu qud hdn, tang tnidng va phdt triln hdi hod, ben vdng.
Thdi gian gan day, Vi|t Nam da cam kit va ciing cdng ddng qudc t l thdc hi|n cdc cddng iTnh cd tinh thdi dai nhd: Cdng Ude vl biln ddi khi hiu, ChdPng trinh nghi sd 21 vl phit triln ben vdng; Tang trUdng xanh... Nhdng npi dung ndy deu phu hpp vdi quan dilm, dddng ldi cua Ddng Cdng sdn Vilt Nam, trong dd, chiln lUpc phdt triln kinh t l - xa hpi giai doan 2010 - 2020:
"Phdi phat triln ben vdng ve kinh tl, gid vdng dn dinh kinh t l vi md, ddm bio an ninh kinh tl.
Day mjinh chuyin dich cP cau kinli tl, chuyin ddi md hinh tdng trUdng, coi chit lUdng, ning suit, h i | u qua, sdc canh tranh Id liu tien hdng diu, chu trpng phdt triln theo chilu siu, phdt trien kinh t l tri thdc. Tang trUdng kinh t l phdi kit hpp hii hoa vdi phdt trien vin hod, thUc hiln tiln bp vd cdng bing xa hpi, khdng ngCing ndng cao chdt Idpng cupc sdng cua nhdn ddn.
Phat trien kinh t l - xa hdi phii luon coi trpng bao vl va cdi thien mdi trddng, chu dpng vdi biln doi khi hiu."
NHU CAU N A N G LUpNG VIET NAM TRONG VAI CHUC N A M T P I
Td nhiing dinh hddng chiln lUpc, cdc quy hoach nang lUpng vi mpt sd nghiin cdu liln quan cho thiy, nhu ciu ndng Idpng cua Viet Nam trong thdi gian tdi ldn va tdng nhanh. Mot sd kit qua diibdo dupc trinh bdy dddi day.
Nhu ciu diln theo C ^ dien VII, da ddpc Chinh phu phe duyet [ 1 ], ddpc trinh biy trong bdng 1.
Nhu cdu than sd dung trong nUdc, theo C^H ngdnh than, mdi dddc Chinh phu phe duyet 1-2012, [2], dupc trinh bay trong bdng 2.
Kit qui dp b i o nhu ciu nang lUpng Viet Nam cua mpt sd nghien cdu khac [6,7], tuy cd thip hpn dii bdo td cdc quy hoach, nhUng ylu ciu cung rat ldn, tdng nhu cau diln nang vao 2020 khoing 220 ty kWh, 2030 khodng 448 ty kWh; tdng nhu ciu than ndi chung tddng dng theo giai doan khodng 80 tr. tan vd 150 - 160 tr. tan; nhu cau dau - khi tUPng dng 36 va 60 tr.TOE.
Sd 93+94 (1+2/2013) NANG Ll/ONG VIETNAM
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BANG 1. DU BAO PHAT TR|£N N G U 6 N OICN VA r£U CAUTHAN CHO NHlCT BltK
T6ng CS ngu6n, MW T6ngSXD,tykWh Trong d6 ND Than - Tdng CS, MW -SXdi«n,tykWh - Ti^u thy than, tr. tan - KhA nang cung cap, tr.tAn
20IS 4.V()()0 194-210 15,000 85 32 28
2020 75.0(10 330-362 32.000
156 78 36
2025 97.000 489-561
45.000 246 118 61
2030 147.000 695-834 77.000 394 171 63 (theo QH Than-ion) B A N G 2. D i ; BAO N H U CAU T H A N sut DUNG TRONG N U O C (tri^u tin)
Nhu cdu than T6ng Trong d6 cho san xuat di|n
2012 PA c d s * 32,9 14,4
PA cao 33,7 15,2
20IS PA cdsA 56,2 33,6
PA cao 60,7 38,0
2020 PA corscj 112,4 82,8
PA cao 120,3 90,8
2025 PA cdsA 145,5 112,7
PA cao 177,5 144,7
2030 PA casU 220,3 181,3
PA cao 270,1 231,1
Phat VnkX khi nha kinh (KNH) Nhdng nim qua, phdt thdi KNK trong ning Idpng ndi chung (gdm sin xuit diln, giao thong van tdi, sd dung nhien lieu trong cdng nghi|p, ddn dung...) tdng nhanh; nim 2000 llnh vUc ndng lupng phdt thdi khoang 52,7 tr. tin CO^td, chiem 35% tdng phat thdi qudc gia; theo sd li|u Ude tinh cua tdi lieu Thdng bdo qudc gia ldn 2 vl bien ddi khi hiu [4], phdt thdi KNK trong llnh vTic nang lUdng nim 2010 la 113 tr. tan, chilm 67%; nam 2020 la 251 tr tan, chilm 83%, nim 2030 la 470 tr. tan CO^td, chiem trln 90% tdng phit thai KNK qudc gia.
Ude tinh Idpng phdt thii KNK cua Vi|t Nam ndm 2010 - 2030, tr. tdn CO^td, hi TBQG 2, nhu sau:
Linh VTic Nang lUdng - Trong do NDT*
Nong nghiep LULUCF"
Tong
2010 113,1 21 65,8 -9,7 169,2
2020 251,0 160 69,5 -20,1 300,4
2030 470,8 250 72,5 -27,9 515,8
* S6 Mu tinh todn hd sung cua tdc gid.
** LULUCF: Linh vdc ldm nghidp vd thay ddi sd dung ddt
Td sd li|u trln cho thiy, nhi|t di|n ddt than da vi se tang phit thii KNK ldn, die bi|t vao giai do^n 2020 - 2030, chilm tdi tren 60% tdng phit thii qudc gia. Day la mdt thdch thdc ddi vdi chiln lupc tang trUdng xanh!
CHifiNLUgrc
T A N G TRLfdNG XANH Ngiy 25/9/2012, Chinh phu Vi|t Nam di phe duyit "Chiln lUpc qudc gia vl tang trddng xanh".
Diy Id mpt vin ki|n quan trpng c\i thi hda nOi dung Phdt triln b i n vdng cda ddt nUdc [5].
Muc tieu chien lU^c quoc gia ve tang triidng xanh
- Til cdu true vd hodn thi|n thi chi kinh t l theo hddng xanh hda cic nganh hien cd va khuyin khich phdt triln cdc nganh kinh t l sd dpng hieu qud nang Idpng vi tai nguyin, vdi gid tri gia tang cao.
- Nghiin cdu dng dung ngdy cdng rdng rdi cdng nghe tien tiln, nhim sd dunghi|u qud tdi nguyen thiln nhiln, giim cUdng dd phdt thii KNK, g6p phin dng phd hi|u qud vdi biln ddi khi h?u.
[12] NANG Ll/ONG VliT NAM 5693+94(1+2/2013)
- Nang cao ddi sdng nhdn dan, xay dUng ldi sdng thin thien vdi mdi trddng thdng qua taio nhilu vile lam td cdc nganh cdng nghi?p, ndng nghidp, dich vu xanh, dau td vao vdn tp nhien, phit triln ha tdng xanh.
Nhi?m vu chiln lUqic lien quan tdi nginh nang liidng
Gidm cddng dp phdt thdi ICNK va thuc day phdt triln nang lupng sach, nang Idpng tdi tao (NLTT) theo nhdng chi tieu chu yeu sau:
GitJi dogn 2011 - 2020: Giam cddng dp phdt thdi KNK td 8 - 10% so vdi mdc 2010, giim tieu hao ndng Iddng trln GDP 1 - 1,5% mdi nam. Giam Idpng phdt thai KNK trong cac hoat ddng nang Idpng tii 10% - 20% so vdi phdPng dn phit trien binh thudng. Trong dd, mUc tii nguy|n khodng 10%, so 10% cdn lai Id mdc c6 them hd trdqudc tl.
Dinh hudng den nam 2030: Gidm mdc phit thii KNK moi nim it nhat 1,5 - 2%, gidm lUpng phat thii KNK trong cdc hoat dpng ning Idpng td 20% - 30% so vdi phiipng an phdt triln binh thudng. Trong dd, mdc tU nguyen khodng 20%, sd 10% cdn lai Id mdc cd thim hd trp qudc tl.
Binh hudng den 2050: Gidm mdc phat thdi KNK mdi ndm 1,5 - 2%.
Mdt sd muc tilu, npi dung trong chiln lUpc tuy cdn can cu the hod trong qua trinh thiic hiln nhUng da the hiln quylt tdm cua Viet Nam, sU ddng thudn vdi cpng ddng qudc t l trong sd nghilp dng phd vdi BDKH, phit triln xanh cho mua xuan vTnh hang.
KHAI THAC, StTDUNG
N A N G LlTONG HIEU QUA CHO MUA X U A N V I N H H A N G Nguon thuy dienTilm ndng kinh t l - ky thudt - mdi trddng ve thu^ diln dupc ddnh gii khoang 70 - 75 ty kWh.
Den nay, chung ta da khai thdc khoing 60%
tiem nang. Thuy dien trddc day ddng gdp tdi trln 70% lupng dien sin xudt, nhiing nam 2010, ty trpng nay chi cdn chda ddy 30%, dd kiln den
2020 khodng 20% vd 2030 khodng 10%. ThUc t l thdi gian qua, chung ta xiy ddng thuy di|n vdi quy hogich chda tdt, die bilt li thuy diln viia vd nhd, mdi chu y tdi hi?u qud phit diln Id chinh, chda quan tdm ddy du vi|c sd dung tdng hpp ngudn nUdc, chUa chu y diy du phdng Iu ha liiu cung nhu quy trinh van hdnh h | thdng cong trinh thuy di|n bic thang, thgm chi mdt sd cdng trinh chUa kilm dinh dd chay, khdng tudn thu quy dinh bdo v | mdi trUdng, trdng rdng thay thi... di gay ra nhilu hau qud nghilm trpng.
Thit ddng mdng, ngdy 23/12/2012, thuy diln SPn La, cong suit 2.400MW, ldn nhdt Ddng Nam A, da ddpc khdnh thdnh dUa vdo chinh thdc ho^t dpng, hdng nim cd thi cung cap cho dit nUdc khodng 10 ty kWh. Mpt dilu dang mdng nda Id sau nhdng sp c6 Uln quan thuy di|n vd nhilu y kiln ddng gop cua cdc nhd khoa hpc, cdc cd quan chdc nang, Chinh phu, Bp Cdng ThdPng da chi djio ra sodt cdng tdc xiy ddng thuy diln trln pham vi todn qu6c 2 dpt (nim 2010 vi 2011). Bd Cdng ThdPng d i bdo cdo Qudc hdi vao thdng 11/2012, theo do, ylu cdu lo^i bdt 107 dU an, vdi tdng cdng suit trln 600MW vd khdng tilp tuc xem xlt dUa vio quy hoach 156 vi tri cd tilm nang khoing 335MW, bdi cdc du dn khdng ddp dng nhiing dieu kien quy dinh.
Mdi day, Chinh phu giao Bd Ndng nghilp v i Phit trien Ndng thdn chu tri rd sodt vd bd sung Nghi dinh: 72/2007/ND-CP-2007, ve quin ly an toan dap (theo vdn bdn so: 10237/VPCP, ngdy 13/12/2012). Day li nhdng hoat dpng dupc du luin dinh gia tich cUc, gdp phan sd dpng hieu qua tai nguyen nUdc, tdi nguyen riing, gifl mdu xanh cho mua xudn von cd.
Hi?n nay, cd nddc cdn trln 1.000 cdng trinh vd du dn thuy diln, vdi tdng cdng suit khoing 25.000MW: Theo Bp Ndng nghiep va Phdt triln Ndng thdn, npi tap trung nhilu thuy dien nhat Id Tdy Nguyin, cd khoing 50 dd dn, dU kiln sd dpng khoang 10.000 ha rdng. Vdi nhflng thuy di|n sd dung rdng dau ngudn, rdng nguyin sinh qudc gia Id loai tii sin vd gid, khdng t h i dda phin tich kinh t l - tii chinh nhd cic loai tai nguyin khac. Day la nhflng bdi todn ddng suy nghl va Sd 93+94 (1+2/2013) NANG H/ONG l'^'
c hi'ioXucin Oiiv I V ^ .
cdn tiep tyc tim ldi gidi. Thuy tlivn Id ngudn ndng lupng tdi tao, tuy nhiln ngdy nay, kliai thic thuy di|n phdi th^n trpng vl mdi trddng, mdi sinh, phdt triln bin vdng. Hpi thuy di|n qudc tl d i dda ra quan dilm chi xdy dpng cdc "thuy iliOn bin vflng".
Nguon than
Td tdi li|u quy hoach nginh than [2] dio thdy, tdng tai nguyin - trd Idpng than cua nUdc ta, tinh din 1/1/2011 li 4S,7 ty t.in, trong dd than dd 48,4 ty, than bun 0,3 ty tdn. Tdi nguyin vd trd lupng huy ddng vdo quy hogch Id 7,2 ty tin, trong dd than dd 7 ty vd than bun 0,2 ty tdn.
Ngudn than ddng bing Sdng Hdng tuy ddpc ddnh gid cd tilm ndng Idn, nhdng chUa thi dUa vao quy hoach.
Theo quy hoach, sdn Idpng khai thdc than cd thi dat nhu sau:
Nam 2012: 45-4" tr. tin; Nim2015: 55-58 tr.tin Nam 2020:60-65 d". tin; Nim 2025:66-70 tr. tin Nam 2030:75 tr. tdn
Rieng b l than DBSH, Quy hoach than - 2012 chi mdi ghi: Lda chpn mdt sd dien tich chda than cd tnln vpng, cd dieu kiln dia chdt - md thich hpp d l tien hanh tham do trong ky kl hoach 2012 - 2015, phuc vu viec ddu tu khai thdc thd nghilm
vdo cudi kl hoitch; phdn ddu din 2030 hoin thinh cdng tdc thim dd phdn di^n tich chiia than cd dilu ki|n khai thic thuin lpi thudc viing Khodi Chiu - Tiln Hdi; din 2020 cd sdn lupng 0,5-1 tri^u tin; 2025: 2 tri^uj 2030: khodng 10 tri|u tdn. Nhilu chuyin gia cho rdng, quy hoach ddi vdi than DBSH Id chdm, chda thoi ddng. Ba vjy, cho tdi nay, kl hoach khai thic thd nghidm vdn cdn thio luin, "Thin than" DBSH chdc nhd
"chuyin t.iii" cdng nghilp hod ddt nddc!
Vdn dl nhdp than chu ylu cho sdn xudt di|n miy nim qua dUpc d l cdp khd nhilu, tuy nhiln chtti cd giii phdp ndo chic chdn. Theo du bio riia nhdng quy hoach hi|n cd, ylu ciu nhdp than vdi sd Idpng ngiy cing ldn. Diy li vin dl mi nhi^u chuyin gia da kiln nghj cdn rd sodt lai, cd thi^c sp thilu, phdi nhdp hdng trdm tri|u tin? M|t khdc, vi|c nhdp than vdi khdi lUpng Idn Id khdng dl, nhilu nUdc cung cd nhu cdu nhdp. Bdi vdy, cdn dddc nghiin cdu ley lUdng td ngudn than, tinh dn djnh, gid cd, xdy dpng cd sd ha tdng dl tilp nhan, kl cd vi|c diu tu ra nUdc ngodi dl co than. Thdi gian qua, nganh than ddpc ddnh gia la cham ddi mdi cdng nghe, mpt s6 chinh sach ddi vdi cdng nhin ham md chUa thod dang, kho ndng cao vd phit triln dpi ngu niy. Nlu Nha nUdc, cic nganh lien quan khdng quan tdm day du thi tinh ben vflng vd an ninh ndng Idpng kho ddm bdo.
[14] NANG Ll/ONG VliT NAM 56 93+94(1+2/2013)
Nguon dau - Ichi
Theo ddnh gid cda nganh ddu - khi [1,3], trfl lupng ddu - khi cua Viet Nam cd thi thu h6i Id 3,8 - 4,2 ty tan diu quy ddi (TOE), trfl lupng da dddc xdc minh khodng 1,05 -1,14 ty TOE, trong do khi dot chilm trln 60%.
Dubdo kha ndng khai thdc ddu - khi giai doan tdi 2030, ke cd dau tU ra nUdc ngodi nhd sau:
Dau tho PA CO sd (tr. tan) - Trong do noi dia Khi dot ty m'
2010 19,86 19,16 8
2015 20,0 17 11
2020 20,7 16,3 17
202S 21,7 16,2 17
2030 22,0 16 17 Ngudn ddu - khi trong nUdc, vdi mdc do hilu bilt hiln nay, rd rang rdt han che, khdng thi dim bdo cho nhu cdu (nhU phan trln da trinh bdy).
Cdc nha hoach dinh chinh sdch cung da nhin thay bat cip nay; Tap dodn Dau khi Viet Nam - PVN cung dang nd ldc tim giai phdp khdc phuc, trong dd kl cd dau tU ra nUdc ngodi d l bd sung sdn Idpng ddu. Tuy nhien, chung ta cung nhin nhdn mot sd han chi; Thilu dong bd cua quy hoach phit triln ddu - khi so vdi quy hoach diln, than, vdi quy hoach, ke hoach cung cap khi cho mpt s6 cdng trinh cd chdm nhU: dien dam Ca Mau, O Mdn...
Gin diy, ciu chuyin nhdp khi tp nhien hod Idng (LNG) dUdc nhilu ngddi quan tdm, vdi muc dich bd sung ngudn nhien lilu cd khd ndng thilu hut, thay thi than, giam phdt thdi KNK. Ddy Id quan dilm, y do rat tich cUc.
Tuy nhien, vile ndy cung cdn nghien cdu tinh toan ky lUdng. Hien nay, gid LNG li 15 - 16 USD/1 tr. BTU (tai chiu A). Nlu dung cho nhd may di|n sd dung cdng nghl chu trinh kit hpp khi - hdi hiln dai nhat, chi phi rieng LNG de sdn xuat i kWh si khoang 11,5 cents, tUdng dddng gia di?n gid hien nay d Viet Nam!
Ngodi ra, d l nhip LNG, can phdi chuan bi cd sd ha ting td cdng, dUdng dng, kho bai... Van de nay chung tdi thiet nghi, cung nhd nhdp than, can dUdc xem xet tdng the hdn, ky Iddng hPn trong Quy hoach nang lUdng tdng the, d l lam rd hcfn vai trd cua LNG trong can bang nang lUdng
qudc gia, luc nao nln nhip vi nhdp bao nhilu Id hpp ly Cong vile ndy cung khdng ngoai chiln lupc tang trUdng xanh.
Nguon nang lUcfng tai tao (NLTT)
Vilt Nam dupc dinh gid cd tilm ndng nang NLTT ldn, tuy nhiln den nay, cac tdi lieu, sd lieu khdo sdt, do dac cdn thilu vd dp tin cay thip; vl thi chi da cd quan tdm nhdng chUa du d l khuyin khich diu tu, phat triln sd dung. Viec sd dung nang lUpng mat trdi de dun nUdc dUdc ddnh gid Id bdt ddu cd hi|u qud. Mdt sd du dn dien gid nhu d Ninh Thudn, Bac Lilu... tuy gid thanh diln cdn khd cao nhdng bUdc dau da phdt huy tic dung.
Theo QHDVII, dU kiln dUa ty ll NLTT trong sdn xuat diln dat 4,5% vdo nam 2020 vd 6% vao 2030, nhu vay tUPng dng phai dat 16 ty kWh (6 - 7 nghin MW) vd 42 - 45 ty kWh ( 1 5 - 2 0 nghin MW). Trong boi cdnh hiln nay, vdi nhdng tiln bp cdng nghe va ylu cau cua chien lUpc tdng trUdng xanh, ty le nay dUpc ddnh gid la cdn thdp, can phai nghien cdu, nd lpc hPn tdkhdo sdt, quy hoach, lUa chpn cdng nghl thich hpp, dau td va npi dia hoa dan de ndng cao hPn ty trpng NLTT, ddp dng nhu cau phdt trien xanh, gdp phdn cho miia xuan vinh hang.
SuTdung nang lUdng hieu qua va tiet kiem
Ld khdu cUc ky quan trpng, nd dUpc danh gia li tao ra ngudn ndnglupng xanh gii re, la qudc sdch thdm canh trong ning lUpng. Tien trinh phdt trien kinh t l vd nang lUpng dd cd hieu dng "tach doi" dien ra td nhflng nam 50 cua thi ky trUdc d cic nddc cdng nghiep phdt trien, dd Id hiln tupng tdc dp tang trUdng nang Idpng thdp hdn tdc dp tdng trUdng kinh tl. De dat dddc dilu nay ddng thdi vdi tilt Idem, sd dung cong nghl tiln tiln thin thiln vdi mdi tnidng, phai nghien cdu tdi cP cdu hdp ly nln kinh t l qudc din, phit hien vi khuyen khich cdc ngdnh tieu thu it ndng lUdng ma cho gid tri gia tang cao. Ddy Id phUdng thdc quan trpng de giam tilu thu ndng lUdng, gidm cddng dp dien/ning Idpng ddi vdi GDP, khdng the chip nhan cddng dp diln ddi vdi GDP ngay 56 93+94(1+2/2013) NANG Ll/ONG VIET NAM
h . u ) X i i i i i '
x C ^ _
cang tang nhU dubao ciia QHD VII (2010 li 1;
2020 Ii l,5i 2030 la 1,7); tien hinh nOi dung niy chinh li g6p phan tang trifdng xanh.
Quy hoach nang \U(fng tong the quoc gia (QHNLTTQG)
Trong cd qud trinh phdt tnln cho tdi nay (2012), chung ta dd xiy dpng 7 Quy ho?ch phdt triln dien lpc qudc gia (QHD); 5 Quy ho^ch phdt trien ngdnh than (QHT); 3 Quy hoach phdt triln ddu - khi (QHDK); 1 Du thdo Quy hoach ndng lupng tdi t^o (NLTT); 1 Chiln lUpc phdt triln NLQG - 2007.
Cdc quy hoach ndy da gdp phdn quan trpng cho dinh hudng phdt triln ndng lUpng. Tuy nhiln, nganh ndng lUpng cd tinh h | thdng rdt cao, sin phdm ddu vdo cua phdn ngdnh niy Id diu ra cua phdn nganh kia, nhiing hi|n nay, chung ta dang thdc hi|n cdc quy hoach phan nginh mdt cich rilng II, nen thieu hii hoi, ddng bd ve khdi lupng, vdn diu tU, gid cd vd cd vl thdi gian quy hoach: Quy hoach than ra sau Quy hoach diln, Quy hoach ddu - khi, NLTT thi chda cd. Cdc kit qui dp bio vl nhu ciu, khi ndng ddp Ung cdn chinh lech nhilu [9].
Mpt biln phdp cP bin gdp phan khac phuc nhdng bit cap ndi tren li nghiin cdu xiy dpng QHNLTTQG nhim tii cP cdu nginh nang lupng, thdc hiln phdt t n l n xanh. Theo quan
dilm ly thuylt h$ thdng, ngdnh ning lupng Id mdt h$ thdng ldn, trong dd bao gdm cdc ddi tupng ning lUpng (hdm md, cd sd sdn xuit chi biln, v^n tdi, xuit - nhdp, tilu thp ning lupng...), boat ddng vd phdt triln khdng ngflng trln cd sd cdc mdi quan h | v^t ly - ky thu^t, biln ddi vd thay thi lin nhau (ddpc gpi li cdc mdi quan h^
trong) vd cic mdi quan h$ vdi cdc ngdnh kinh t l qudc ddn khdc vd mdi trUdng (dUpc gpi Id cic mdi quan h | ngodi), nhim cung cdp ndng lupng hi^u qud vi bin vdng. HTNL cdn dUpc phdn cdp theo chuyin ngdnh gdm: phin ngdnh di|n, than, ddu - khi, nang lUpng tdi tao, ning lupng h^t nhin vd phdn cdp theo quy md lanh thd:
qudc gia, vdng, cdc trung tdm.
Ndi dung cd bdn cua QHNLTT: Xudt phit td tinh hinh phdt triln kinh t l - ndng lUpng qudc tl, chiln lupc phdt tnen KT - XH cua ddt nddc, dilu ki|n cdc ngudn ndng lUpng trong vd ngodi nUdc (than, ddu, khi, thuy ndng, nang lupng tii tao, ndng lUpng hat nhan...), tinh thay thi lin nhau gida chung, tiln bd khoa hpc • cdng nghl vd ylu ciu bio ve mdi trddng, tinh todn ddng thdi vd xdy ddng phUPng dn hpp ly phdt triln he thdng ndng lUpng hieu qud, bin vflng trong sudt thdi gian quy hoach. Bing phUpng phdp khoa hpc vd cdng cu tinh toin hi|n d^i, mi hi|n nay d Vi|t Nam dd dupc chuyin giao vi nghien cdu, cd t h i gidi quylt dupc bii todn ldn nay [7,8 ].
[16] NANG LI/pNG VIET NAM 5693+94(1+2/2013)
QHNLTT la cP sd khoa hpc d l xay dUng quy hoach cac phdn ngdnh ndng lUpng, la tiln dl cho kl hoach xay dUng cP sd ha tdng nang lUpng.
Bdi viy, nd Id giai phdp de xdy di^ng cd cdu hpp ly phdt tnln cdc phan ngdnh ndng lUpng, Id gidi phap cu the hod chiln lUpc tang trUdng xanh, phu hpp vdi quan dilm, chiln lUpc phdt triln kinh t l - xd h^i Idu dai cua qudc gia, gdp phdn cho mua xuin vinh hang.
The che va thj triidng nang I Udng
Trong qud trinh phit trien, nganh nang lupng Viet Nam khdng ngdng hoan thi|n vl the chi, hudng tdi phdt triln vd hoat dpng hi|u qud, hii hod gida cdc phdn ngdnh ndng lUpng. Nhdng ndm gdn ddy, nang lUpng cung dang chuyen doi sang cP che thi trUdng cd dinh hudng quin ly cda Nha nUdc. Din nay, vl quin ly Nha nUdc cd Chinh phu, Bp Cong ThUPng; trdc thudc Bd cd Tdng cue Ndng Idpng, Cue Dieu tiet Diln lUc;
tnic tilp vdn hdnh nganh ning lUpng cd 3 tap doan chinh: Diln lUc (EVN), Cdng nghiep Than - Khoang sdn (Vinacomin), Dau khi Viet Nam (PVN) vi nhflng dun vi tU nhin. Cung vdi cd nUdc, cdc tap doan trong ngdnh ndng lUdng dang tiln hanh tdi cd ciu. Viia qua, ngdy 23/11 /2012,
Chinh phu da phe duyet dl an tdi cP cdu cua EVN giai doan 2012-2015. Ddy la nhflng hoat dpng tich cpc budc dau rat dang khich 1^.
Nhilu chuyin gia cho rdng, ndi dung tdi cdu true khdng nen chi ddng lai d xac dinh ngdnh nghl kinh doanh, thoii vdn ddi vdi nhflng kmh doanh trdi ngdnh, tdi ciu true qudn tri doanh nghiep... Dac biet ddi vdi nginh ndng Idpng, cd tinh he th6ng cao, viec nghiin cdu tdi cdu true cdn dupc xem xet tdng thi hpn, klidng chi trong tdng phdn nganh diln, than, diu - klii, mi trong cd ngdnh nang lUdng.
Cdu chuyen gid dien/gia ning lupng vin ludn dupc ngUdi dan, cic chuyin gia, cdc nha qudn ly quan tdm, bdi gid la ddn bay cho phat trien sdn xuit, kinh doanh vd an sinh xi hdi. Hiln nay, cdng tdc kilm todn, cdng bd gid thanh san xuit nang lupng dang dddc chu y. Thdng 12/2012, EVN vda cong bd gid thdnh sdn xudt dien nam 2011; ddy Id nhflng hoat ddng bUdc dau the hien tinh nghiem tuc trong sdn xuat, kinh doanh. Tuy vdy, gid dien chi la mpt thanh phan cua gid nang lUpng. De cd the gidi quylt vdn de cP ban hpn, cdn nghien cdu, ra sodt gia ndng lUPng ndi chung td dien, than, dau, khi.
Sd 93+94 (1+2/2013) NANG Ll/ONG VIETNAM-'
trln cP sd dd mdi cd t h i cdn ddi, hdi hoi, ldm tdng tinh minh bach.
Cdng vile xay ddng thi trUdng di|n cgnh tranh li npi dung quan trpng, cd tinh chiln lupc. VUa qua, Qudc hpi, Nha nUdc, Bp Cdng ThUPng, EVN, cdc nganh lien quan dd rdt quan tim nghien cdu xiy dUng mo hinh, Ip trinh hinh thdnh vi phit tnen thi trUdng di|n.
Qua mpt thdi gian thUc hiln thi trUdng phdt dien canh tranh (cip dp 1), tuy thdi gian cdn ngan va chUa cd nhflng ddnh gid cu the nhUng nhilu chuyen gia cd nhin xet da bdc Id nhflng bdt cdp ve md hinh thi tnidng, cd chi to chdc, chflc ndng cdc dPn vi dilu hdnh, qudn ly chUa dUPc Idm rd, cdn tap trung, trung cheo. Trong bdi cdnh hien nay, thi trddng diln, gii di|n nln dupc thdc hiln than trpng, cd sp kilm sodt, dieu tilt cua Nhi nddc vd giai quyet hii hod vdi than, ddu - khi.
Xdy ddng thi chi vi thi trUdng nang lUpng canh tranh Idnh manh la nhflng ylu td quan trpng, gdp phdn thdc hiln chien lUdc ting trUdng xanh cho mua xuan vinh hing.
VAlLOflKET
Nhu cau ndng lUPng cua Viet Nam trong vii thap niln tdi yeu cdu Idn va tdng nhanh, cdc ngu6n nang lUpng trong nUdc khdng phdi ddi ddo. De dip dng ddy du nang lUdng cho phat trien bin vflng qudc gia, nganh nang Idpng
•Vtyi nhCTng tien bd cdng nghf^ v i y l u cdu ciia chi^n li/ac tang trudng xanh, can phdi nang cao hem ty trong nang tuong tai tao.
Vi$t Nam cdn gdp nhilu thich thdc, ddc hid trong bdi cdnh dng phd vdi biln ddi khi h|u. f Do gdp phin phdt tnln bin vflng, nginh Nar lUdng cdn nhflng nghiin cdu ky Iddng, khd(
quan, xiy dUng QHNLTTQG, rd sodt nhu c3u dich thpc, khd ndng cung cip ning Idpng ciing nhu cdc dilu ki^n liln quan, dilu md mdi ddy,!
Phd Thu tudng Hoing Trung Hdi cung da ylu ciu Bd Cdng ThUdng vi cic nginh liln quad thpc Hien. Cdc kit qud se t^o cd sd khoa hpql phdp ly cho tii ciu true cdc phdn ngdnh nanj lupng, xdy dUng cd cnu hpp ly; khai thic, sfldm hi|u qud tdi nguyin nang lupng, giim phit thdi KNK, bio v | mdi trUdng vd an ninh ning liipiAj Ddy chinh Id thpc hi|n chiln lUpc tdng triidiy xanh doi vdi ngdnh ning lUpng, gdp phdn cho^
mua xuin xanh tUdi vinh hing.
Hd Ndi, ngdy 16/12/2012
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1, QHD VII, 7-2011
2 QH phat tnen nganh than VN. 1-2012.
3. DT QHPT nganh dau - khi giai doan 2006 - 2015 dinh huflng den 2025, Ha NOI 2007
4. Thong bao qu6c gia iSn thCf 2 v4 BDKH. Ha NOI. 2010.
5. Chien lUdc quoc gia ve phat tnen xanh, s6: 1393/QDTTg. ngay 25/9/2012.
6 Nguyen Manh Hien - Phat trien co sd ha tSng dien Wc den nSm 2020, BCHT - xay di,/ng cd sd ha t^ng nang IdOng d^n nam 2020, HHNLVN, Ha Noi. thang 5/2012.
7. Bui Huy Phijng va cs. Nghien cifu phUdng An tong the khai thac va sir dung hdp ly cac ngu6n tai nguyen nang Iddng VN, BCDT thudc CTKH&CN trgng diem.
BO CN, GD 2001 - 2005 (Vien KH&CN VN, thang 8/2005.
8. Biji Huy Phijng, PhdOng phap tinh toan toi Uu phat trien ben vOng HTNL, NXBKH&KTHaNOl-2011.
9. Bill Huy Phung, Quy hoach nSng Iddng tong the - cd s6 khoa hoc va phap ly cho quy hoach cac phan ng^nh nang Iddng, TCNLVN,sO 89-90/2012.
[18] NANG Ll/ONG VliT NAM Sa93-)-94 (1-1^2/2013)
