OIA KY THUAT - TRAC DIA
DAC DlgM, TRANG THAI HE T H 6 N G DIA KY THUAT DOI DONG SdNG HdNG KHU VLFC HA NOI
ThS. NGUYEN CONG KIEN Vien KHCN Xay dyng
Torn tat: Trong sw phat tnen cua thanh pho Ha Ndi hien nay thi nhu cau sw dung dat la rit cao, trong khi do quy dat ven sdng Hdng van chwa dLeac khai thac mdt each trlet di din din rat lang phi tai nguyen. Mdt trong nhung nguyen nhan din din sw lang phi do la bai day la khu vwc dai dong, nai ma cac loai hinh tai biin dia ky thuat mdi trwang thuang xuyen x i y ra, ma hien gia vSn chwa co mot nghien cwu nao tong hgp diy du de kiim soat nd. Do vay, cin phai co nhO'ng nghien cwu dwa tren ca sa phan tich, tdng hgp tit ca cac tac ddng twang hd giwa he thong dia ky thuat vai mdi trwang dia chit va mdi trwang xung quanh nhw: thuy quyin, khi quyen, sinh quyen trong mdt he thdng twang t^c qua lai thong nhat. Dwa tren ly thuyit he thdng, tac gia phan tich ciu true, tinh chit, dac diim hoat ddng, trang thai hi thing dia ky thuat, giai thieu cac nguyen tic diiu khiSn va sw cin thiit xay dwng he thing quan trie dia ky thuat mdi trwang nhim dam bao on djnh cho h$ thong dia ky thuat dai ddng sdng Hdng khu vwc Ha Noi.
Abstract: In the current development of Hanoi, the demand for land use is very high, while the land bank along Red River has not been exploited thoroughly, leading to a waste of resources. One of the reasons for this waste is the Dynamic area is here, where environmental geohazards often occur, but there Is currently no comprehensive study enough to check it. Therefore, it is necessary to have researches on the basis of analyzing and synthesizing all the interactions between the geotechnical system and the geological environment and surrounding environment such as hydrosphere, atmosphere, biosphere in a unified interaction system. Based on system theory, the author analyzes the structure, properties, operational characteristics, geotechnical system status, introduces control principles and the need to build geo-environmental monitoring system to ensure stability for the geotechnical system of the Red River dynamic zone in Hanoi.
Keywords: The geotechnical system of the Red River dynamic zone
1. Dat van de
Ddi dong sdng H i n g la nai f i l m an xay ra eae tai b i l n t u nhien, ky thuat-ty nhien de dpa on djnh tuyen de va an toan dd thj. Cau true dja c h i t trong ddi dong sdng Hdng la b i t d i n g n h i t theo dipn va c h i l u sau do s y b i l n doi mgnh me eua long d i n qua cac thdi ky, dat da trong ddi ddng ung x u rat khac biet d u d i tac dong cua eae y l u to t y nhien va nh§n sinh, dan d i n tinh phuc tap trong khi sw dung chung nhu la nen eho eae cdng trinh khae nhau trong khu vyc nhu nha cua, kho tang, c l u cang, de d i l u , dudng giao thong. Dia hinh ddi dong sdng Hdng luon luon thay doi va d trong trang thai mat can bang vdi cae qua trinh tich tu va sdi Id dan xen, tac dong dong thai. Sdng Hong dang trd thanh sdng
"treo" vdi cao dp tuyet doi cac bai boi 10 - 12 m, myc nude 10 hang nam ed the dat tdi 13 - 14m. Do vay, bd de luon m I t on djnh vdi s y x u l t hien thudng xuyen eae hien tuang sdi Id b d ; trong mua mua lu, m y c nude dang eao gay ngap, ban ngap, tham qua nen dS tao cac mach sui, mach dun d u d i chan dd, de do? d i n on djnh toan t u y i n de. Khu vyc ddi dong sdng Hdng la dja ban thu hut eae hoat dong xay dyng, khai thae vat lieu xay dyng, giao thong van tai thuy va eae hoat dong kinh t l khac.
Cac hoat dong nay d i l n ra mot each t y phat, khong duac quan ly se va r i t manh me la nguon phat sinh cac qua trinh dja c h i t cong trinh ddng lye bat lai eho s y phat trien b i n vung eua lanh tho. Do vay, can thyc hien lien tuc theo thdi gian cac noi dung sau:
- Danh gia trang thai hien tai cua he t h i n g dja ky thuat ddi dong sdng H i n g ;
- Dy bao trang thai cua chung tai eae thdi diem d y k i l n trong tuang lai;
- Dua ra eae giai phap d i l u khien he t h i n g tren ca s d k i t qua d y bao;
Tap chi KHCN Xay dung - so 1/2019
OjAKY THUAT-TRAC DIA
- Danh gia hieu qua eua cac giai phap d i l u khien da lya chpn (dya vao cac sd lieu trang thai t h y c hien tai cua he thong);
- Hieu chinh eae phuang phap danh gia, d y bao da s u dung roi lai t i l p tuc danh gia trang thai hien tai tiep theo cua he thong.
Do vay, viec danh gia va d y bao trang thai eua he thong dia ky thuat ddi dong sdng Hong c l n thiet phai xay dyng mot he thong quan trac dja ky thuat mdi trudng.
2. He t h 6 n g dja ky thuat dd-i d o n g s o n g Hong He t h i n g dia ky thuat (HTDKT) ddi ddng sdng Hong d u a c eau thanh gom 2 thanh p h I n chinh la Moi trudng dia chat va he thong ky thuat (bao gdm:
than de, ca de, tudng c h l n g tham, cac cdng trinh tren de (cdng, tram bam, d i l m canh de), he thong g i l n g giam ap, cung vdi cac cdng trinh xay dyng, nha cua, dudng giao thong, b i n cang, ao ho, cac san pham va p h i thai t u hoat dong kinh t l cong dong). He t h i n g dja ky thuat ddi dong sdng Hdng tae ddng trye t i l p hay gian t i l p tdi mdi trudng xung quanh nhu: Thuy quyen (nude sdng), Khi quyen, sinh quyen va phan sau eua thach quyen d u a c xem
xet trong mOt he t h i n g thong n h i t "He thong Dia - Ky thuat t y nhidn" (HTD - KTTN) ddi dong song Hdng khu v y c Ha Npi.
Trong toan bg HTDKT thi he t h i n g de cd y nghTa dgc biet quan trpng. Dac d i l m ung x u eua h$
thong de va mdi truang dia c h i t dudi tac dgng cua thuy quyen, khi quyen, sinh quyen va phan con l^i eua he thong ky thuat q u y l t dmh dac diem hogt ddng va on d|nh eua HTDKT ddi dong sdng Hong (hinh 1). Hp t h i n g nay co nhiing dac diem khae so vdi he thdng 6\a ky thuat khae nhu: HTDKT do thi, eae khu cdng nghiep, nha may thuy dien. He thong dja ky thuat ddi sdng Hdng dupe coi la dan gian han ve c l u true ciia he thdng.
v l ranh gidi: theo c h i l u ngang thi HTDKT ddi dong song Hdng d u a c gidi han nhu sau: Phan ngoai de gom sdng, bai b l i giua song va bai b l i ven sdng d i n sat chan de P h I n trong de diygc xac djnh tai Vj tri k i t thuc anh hudng cua ap lye thuy ddng trong t i n g thdng nude d u d i n I n de vao thdi gian mua lu. Theo chieu sau thi ranh gidi cua HTDKT ddi dong song Hdng d u d c gidi han bdi day cua tang thdng nude tao ap lye dudi n I n de (hinh 1).
Hinh 1. He thing Dia - Ky thuat ddi dong song Hong Moi trudng dja c h i t cua HTDKT ddi dong sdng
Hong chu yeu d u a c thanh tgo t u Tram tich He Thu T u vdi be day tong the thay doi t u 20-30m d phia Tay B l e trong dja phan Ba Vi va tang dan khi di xuong phia Ddng Nam dgc theo ddng chay tdi han 100m. D§y la cae t r i m tich mem, rdi cd tuoi va thanh phan khac nhau. Mdi trudng dia c h i t (MTDC) CO the phan chia thanh cae c l u true d p bae khac nhau phu thuoc vao viee lya chon cac chi tieu phan ehia, vi dy nhu: dia hinh - dja mao, dia chat thuy van, dja chat cong trinh. Theo dac thu dia chat cua
56
doi tuang nghien cuu, MTDC cua HTDKT ddi dgng sdng H i n g eo the xem xet t u hai gde dp, vat c h i t va nang luang.
- Dudi gde dp vat chat, MTDC eua HTDKT ddi dgng sdng Hong bao gom cac loai c l u true: dja t i n g , dja mao, kien tao, dia chat thuy van, dja chat cdng trinh;
- Dudi gdc do nang l u y n g , trong MTDC cua HTDKT ddi ddng sdng Hong t i n tai cac trudng vat Tap chi KHCN Xay dUng - s6 1/2019
D I A K Y THUAT-TRAC DIA
ly nhu: trudng ung s u i t , trudng trpng lye, trudng ap lye thuy dgng, trudng ap luc thuy tTnh, trudng do am.
Dya vao tuoi va nguon goc cd the phan biet cac t r i m tich He T h u T u thanh 5 Phuc he dja c h i t n g u i n goc, cdn d y a vao thanh phan thach hge va tinh chat ca ly ed the phan biet 15 lap khac nhau.
Cae phLFc he dia chat nguIn goc bao gom ti>
dudi len nhu sau:
1. Phuc he dia chat ngudn g l c Pleistoxen d u d i - T l n g Le ehi (aQile)
2. Phuc he dja chat nguon gdc Pleistoxen gilia-tren- T l n g Ha Npi (a, ap, pd Q||.|||hn)
3. Phuc he dia c h i t ngudn g l c Pleistoxen tren-Tang Vmh Phuc (a, I, lb Qmvp)
4 Phuc he dia c h i t nguon gde Holoxen dudi-giOa- T l n g Hai Hung (Qiv'''^hh)
5. Phuc he dia c h i t ngudn goc Holoxen tren-Tang Thai Bdnh (Qiv^tb)
Dya vao thanh phan thaeh hgc va tinh chat ea ly ed the phan chia thanh cae Idp nhu sau:
&--
Cal long song va bai b6i di dOng ven song Se[ pha - cat pha man nlui. n^u hong trang thai d e o , deo m6m Cat hai nho. hai m m man xam ndu.I nau ghu. nau hflng trang thai xop Set pha mau ndu gu thSm. nau gu I trang thdi deo ciing - deo m^m
Cat pha mau nau. nau gu, xam nau.
nilu vang trang thai deo Set - sel pha mau nau. nAu gu. xatn nau.
nilu vang trang thai deo cihig Set - set pha mau nau. nau vang trang thai deo cung - deo m^m Set pha mau nSu xam tan it hChi c o [rang thai deo chay - chay S^t pha xen kep cat pha mau nau xam [rang thai deo m^m Cal bui - cat min mau xam nau xam trang thai x6p - chal vCia
O i l hat nho mau xam xanh. xam nau Irang thai chai vLta, d6i c h 5 co lan soi nho a day hoac Ian ciii pha
Set xam xanh Irang thai deo mem - deo chay
Biin set mau xam den \&n huu c a Set - sel pha mau nau vang, xdm trang. vang.
He thong dja ky thuat ddi dgng sdng Hong d u a c dac trung b l n g to hp-p cac tinh c h i t nhu sau:
- Tinh c h i t d i l u chinh d u a c : eae tuang tac lam bien doi he thong cd the d i l u khien dupe;
- Tinh c h i t dgng: tinh c h i t v l trang thai eua he t h i n g b i l n doi theo thdi gian;
Tinh c h i t m d : eae yeu to cua he t h i n g tae dgng tuang hd va lien tuc vdi eae yeu to cua mdi trudng xung quanh nhu' khi quyen, sinh quyen, thuy quyen, p h I n sau cua thach quyen. Trong he thdng lien tuc dien ra qua trinh trao doi chat va nang luang,
- Tinh c h i t to chuc: hp thong cd kha nang giu d u a c tinh trgt t y cua minh theo thdi gian;
- Tinh chat t y to chuc: he thong cd kha nang tang eudng tinh to chuc cua minh khi ed eae tac dong d i l u chinh;
- Tinh chat thich u'ng: he t h i n g eo kha nang giO duae c l u true cua minh dudi tae dong cua cac yeu to t u nhien va nhan sinh.
Trong eae tinh chat tren thi tinh c h i t thich ung va tinh chat t y to chuc cua he thong dja ky thuat ddi dong sdng Hong la r i t y l u , cae tae ddng eua mdi trudng xung quanh thudng lam eho he t h i n g cd the ehuyen t u trang thai nay sang trang thai khae hoac pha huy he t h i n g . Tuy nhien, cung ehinh eae tinh chat thich ung va t y to chuc nay giup eho HTDKT ddi dong song Hong co kha nang giu d u a c s y on djnh cua minh trong mdt gidi han tdi uu nao dd.
Tap chi KHCN Xay dung - so 1/2019 57
DjA KY THUAT - TRAC DIA
Dam bao trang thai HTDKT ddi ddng song Hdng trong vung gidi han cho phep la muc tieu cua viec dieu khien he thong.
3. Hoat dong cua he thong dja ky thuat d 6 i dong song Hong
Hoat dgng eua HTDKT ddi ddng sdng Hong q u y l t djnh chu y l u bdi qua trinh tuang tac gii>a cac y l u to cua he thong vdi mdi trudng xung quanh va
giua eae yeu t l trong he thdng tuc la giua h? thong dja ky thu§t vdi mdi trudng dia c h i t ma trong do tat ca cac tuang tac deu thyc hien theo hai e h i l u . Hau qua eua eae tuang tac ke tren la phat sinh ra eae qua trinh dja ea va thu-/ 6ia co lam bien doi tinh chat va trang thai cua HTDKT ddi ddng sdng Hong cung nhu moi trudng xung quanh (hinh 2). S y tac dong qua lai theo nhieu hudng khae nhau nhu sau:
Hinh 2. Ho^t dong cua he thong dia ky thuat ddi ddng song Hdng a. Theo hwang tac ddng giu-a He thing ky thuat vai
mdi trwang dia chit
- Qua trinh eo k i t nen de do tac dong cua tai trpng de va cac cdng trinh tren de, gay lun khong d I u nen de;
- Cae gilng giam ap lam thay doi trang thai ung s u i t cue bd, thay doi ap lye thuy tTnh, ap lye thuy dong trong mdi trudng dja c h i t ven de;
- Lun khong d I u n I n de se gay tac dong trd lai lam phat sinh cac khe nut trong than de;
- S y thay doi ap lye thuy dgng va thuy tTnh trong mdi trudng dja chat ven de se q u y l t dinh d i n muc dd ben vijng cua he thong de;
- Cae tac dgng t u eae cdng trinh nhu: nha cua, c l u , d u d n g giao thong, khu khai thae cat va cae
hoat dong khac cua con ngudi da tae ddng vao moi trudng dja c h i t khu v y c ddi ddng sdng Hdng. T u dd d i n d i n eae qua trinh nen ed k i t mdi trudng dia c h i t n I n de va nen cac cong trinh xay dyng, da pha va t i n g phu c h i n nude chong t h i m va hinh thanh nen cac vung t h I m va thoat cue bo, lam b i l n doi e h l dp thuy dong lye vung ven de, gia cudng cac qua trinh dun dat, buc d i t , xdi n g l m , eat chay d hg luu de, Theo chieu nguae lai, nhij-ng b i l n doi cua moi trudng dja c h i t lai anh hudng trye t i l p d i n sy on dinh cua he t h i n g dia ky thuat.
b. Theo hwang tac dong cua khi quyin, sinh quyen vao he thing ky thuat
- Tac dong cua sinh quyen, khi quyen vao hp t h i n g de lam thay doi e h l dp am trong than de va
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Tap chi KHCN Xay dung - so 1/2019DjA K^ THUAT - TRAC DIA
phat sinh cae khe nut eo ngdt trong than de, ea de va m^i de;
- Tae dOng eua sinh quyen, khi quyen vao eae cong trinh nha eua, cau cong gay ra cac qua trinh an mon vat lieu, tuy nhien tac dgng eua eae qua trinh n^y cung khong Idn;
- Tac dong nguae lai t u hoat dong cua he thdng ky thuat vao khi quyen, sinh quyen gay ra d n h i l m mdi trudng song nhung khong dong vai trd dang ke trong hoat ddng va on djnh cua HTDKT ddi ddng sdng Hong.
c. Theo hwang tac ddng cua th^ch quyin vao mdi trwang dja chit dai ddng
Cac tac ddng t u phan sau eua thaeh quyen nhu hoat dong k i l n tao, dgng d i t se lam x u l t hien Ccic qua trinh dgng lye noi sinh trong mdi trudng dja chat b i l n doi eau true dja c h i t , gay ra cac hien tuang dia chan. Theo chieu nguae lai la qua trinh ton tgi nang lup'ng d p h I n sau cua thach quyen cd ngudn goc nhan sinh
d. Theo hwang tac dong cua thuy quyin vao he thong ky thuat
- Chu yeu la qua trinh tham qua than de, tran nude lu qua mat de, dac biet la tham qua he t h i n g khe nut trong than de lam phan bo lai ung s u i t trong than de, gay sat t r u p l mai de,
- Mua mua nude dang xdi Id bd pha huy cac eong thoat nude, cae ke b d ;
- Tae ddng nguae lai t u he t h i n g ky thuat vao moi trudng nude sdng gay ra 6 nhiem nguon nude, bien doi ddng chay. Tuy nhien nhijng tac ddng nay cung khdng ddng vai trd dang ke trong hoat dong va on djnh eua HTDKT ddi dgng song Hong.
- Theo hwang tac ddng cua thuy quyen vao mdi trwang dia chit
- Chu y l u la qua trinh tham, gia tang ap lye thuy tTnh va thuy ddng d phia ha luu trong thdi gian lij lam x u l t hien cac qua trinh dun sui, tham lau, cat chay, xdi n g l m , buc d i t d h? luu de;
- Tac ddng nguae lai t u mdi trudng dia chat vao thuy quyen x u l t hien chu y l u vao thdi gian sau lu, qua trinh t h I m nguae t u eae tang thdng nude mang theo cac vat lieu mjn ra sdng cung vdi sat Id b d
sdng lam gia tang ham lupng hat cung ddng la Itrng va dong bun eat di day eua ddng chay sdng f Theo hwang tac ddng cua thuy quyin vao phan sau cua thach quyin
Tac dong qua lai cua hai moi trudng nay la khong Idn va cung khong lam anh hudng n h i l u den s y on dinh eua he thong dja ky thuat ddi dpng song Hong.
g. Theo hwang tac dgng cua thuy quyin vao khi quyin, sinh quyin
Tae dgng qua lai cua hai mdi trudng nay la khong Idn va cung khdng lam anh hudng n h i l u den s y on dinh eua he t h i n g dia ky thuat ddi ddng sdng Hong.
Nhu vay, trong tat ca cac tuang tac k l trdn thi cac tac ddng t u thuy quyen, khi quyen va phan sau cua thach quyen d i n he thdng dia ky thugt ddi dong sdng Hong cd the lam phat sinh va phat trien manh me cae tai b i l n dia ky thuat moi trudng, de doa d i n s y on djnh eua he t h i n g dja ky thuat ddi dong sdng Hong khu vyc Ha Ndi.
4. Trang thai va on djnh cua he thong dja ky thuat 6m dong song Hong khu virc Ha Noi.
Hoat dong cua he t h i n g dja ky thu$t ddi ddng sdng Hdng Qitac q u y l t dinh bdi cac tuang tae chu yeu giOa he thong de, cac cdng trinh kinh t l xay dyng, mdi trudng dja chat khu vyc ddi ddng vdi thuy quyen, khi quyen va phan sau cua thach quyen, keo theo s y phat trien cua cac qua trinh dja ca, thuy dia ea trong he t h i n g de va mdi trudng dia chat ddi ddng. Vi vay, do on dinh eua HTDKT ddi dgng song Hdng duge t h i hien d chinh kha nang ph^t sinh, phat tnen cac qua trinh do. To hap cac thdng so he t h i n g dja ky thuat bao gdm' hp thong de, cac cdng trinh trong khu vyc ddi dong, mdi trudng dia c h i t ven de, mdi trudng xung quanh q u y l t dinh hoat dpng eua HTDKT ddi dong sdng Hong tai mot thdi diem nao do dupe gpi la trang thai cua HTDKT ddi dpng sdng Hong. Trang thai eua he thong tai thdi diem t trong khdng gian trang thai dup-c bieu d i l n la mot d i l m a, {(pj, trong dd i = 0,1...n; (pi la vecta cae thong s i (tpa dp cua hS thing) tai thdi diem i. He thong dja ky thuat ddi dong song Hong duac gpi la on djnh trong mot m i l n trang thai cho phep n l u nhu quy dao van dpng eua
Tap chi KHCN Xay dung - so 1/2019 59
DIA KY THUAT - T R A C DIA
ehung khdng v u p l ra khoi m i l n trang thai cho phep do. Cac thdng so trang thai cua he thong d u a c lya chpn bang each phan tich dieu kien, nguyen nhan va c a che phat sinh, phat trien cac qua trinh dja ea, thuy dja ea trong he thong (bang 1).
Trang thai eua he thong dja ky thuat ddi dpng sdng Hdng khu vyc Ha Ndi bien doi lien tuc d u d i anh h u d n g eua cac qua trinh dia co va thuy dia c a ke tren. T i t ca cac qua trinh dd q u y l t dinh s y v§n ddng eua he thong. Cac thdng s6 dac trung cho s y x u l t hien cac qua trinh dd trong he thong dja ky thuat va MTDC la nhl>ng dac trung ve s y van dpng cda he thong dia ky thuat ddi dong sdng
Hdng. Trong dieu kien lam viec binh t h u d n g cua he t h i n g thi quy dgo van dpng eua he thong phai n I m trong gidi han cho trude - vung trang thai gidi han.
Vung trang thai gidi han eua he t h i n g dia ky thuat ddi ddng song Hong cd the xac dinh b l n g n h i l u con dudng khac nhau:
- Theo cac tai lieu tieu chuan chuyen nganh cd san;
- Theo k i t qua thi nghiem tren mo hinh vat ly;
- Theo cac k i t qua tinh toan tren cac mo hinh toan.
Bangl. Cac thong s6 trang thai cua dia ky thuat dai ddng sdng Hing Cac y&u to tac dong va cac qua trinh dja
ca, thuy dia co>
- Bien doi do am trong than de va qua trinh hinh thanh cac khe nut co ngot tren mai de va than de.
- Men chat d i t nen dd bang tai trong than de va qua trinh lun nut than d§
- Hien tuong hoa long dat loai cat dual nen de do tai trong dgng ti> he thong giao thong va qua trinh lun nCrtthan de
- Tham qua than de, xung nude mai de va qua trinh sat, trugt m^i i3e.
- Tham qua than de va diin sui o' chan de phia dong.
- Qua trinh xdi nglm duai nen va phia ha luu de.
- Qua trinh cat chay dudi nen de va phia hqi luu de
- Qua trinh bye dat phia ha luu de.
- Thay doi myc nude song va qua trinh sat - truyt bo song.
Cac thdng so trang thai cua HTOKT d6>l dong song Hong - Do am cua dat d i p de (%)
- Dung trgng cua dat d i p de (g/cm^) - Luc dinh kit va qbc ma sattronq (C, ip) - Tai trgng tTnh cua than de (kg/cm")
- Chieu day cua cac Idp dit tinh lun va Idp dat yeu du&i nen de (m).
- Cac chi tieu ca ly cua cac lap d i t tinh lun nen de; dung trgng, dg am, modun bien dang
- Myc nude ngam (m).
- Do lun cCia mat de (m) - Do md cua khe nut lun nuE (m) - Cudng dp giao thuy tren mat de (so xe/gid) - Van toe dao dgng (dB).
- Chilu day cua cac d i t tinh lijn n§n de {dac bi§t la lop dit nhgy cam va tai trgng dgng).
-Dp lun mat de (m)
- Do md cua khe lun, nut (m) do tai tronq donq.
- Luu luang tham qua than de (l/s) - Mat do khe nut co ngot d mai de (m/m^).
- Do doc mai de - Ap lye thuy tTnh.
- A P luc thuy dgng
- Dung trgng, do ben (C, (p) cua dat mai dg - He so on dinh mai die.
- Ap lye ting thong nude a Chan de phia dong va ha luu de - Ap luc thuy dong, ap lye thuy tTnh d ha luu de,
- Chilu day, thanh phan hgt va h& s6 ttiam cua tang phu each nuoc d ha iuu de.
- D6 b§n (C, tp) cua ting set phu each nuac bj dun sui a trgng thai bao hoa nude
- Do doc thuy luc cua ddng tham.
- He so bat dong nhat va thanh phan hat cua ling thong nude.
- Khoang each tu chan de den vCing thoat - Lye thuy dgng cCia dong tham.
- Ap lye thuy dong eua dong tham.
- Thanh phan hat eua tang tham nude.
- Khoang caeh tu ehan de din vung thoat
- Chieu day, dung trpng va dp bin c l t (C, ip), do bin uon cua tang phu chlng thIm
- Ap luc ciia tang thong nude tgo ap d ha luu de.
- Bien dp dao ddng myc nuac song - Do die cua ba song
- Chieu day va tinh chat cOa cac idp dat tinh truat (dung trong, C, tp) - Ap lue thuv tTnh va thuv ddng
60
Tap chi KHCN Xay dung • so 1 '2019D!A KY THUAT - TRAC OIA
Vi#c xac djnh cac gici tri gidi han eua eae thdng so trang thai HTDKT ddi dpng sdng Hdng se d u a c trinh bay trong khudn kho eua mgt b^i bao khac khi nghidn cuu day du ve nguyen nhan, d i l u ki^n, c a che phat sinh, phat trien cac qua trinh dia ea va thuy dia ca trong h^ t h i n g dja ky thuat ddi dpng sdng Hdng.
5. Dieu khien hoat d o n g cua he t h o n g dja ky thuat d o i d p n g s o n g Hong khu VLFC Ha Noi
Dieu khien dup'c hieu la thyc hien tac dpng vao d l i tuang can d i l u khien. Tae dpng nay d u a c lya chpn t u rat n h i l u kha nang tac dpng tren ea s d cac thdng tin da ed de dam bao hoat dpng cho doi tuang dieu khien. Dieu khien hoat dpng eua HTDKT ddi ddng sdng Hong la lam thay doi eae thdng sd trgng thai nao do eua chung, phu thupe vao qua trinh dja ca hay thuy dja ea nao do dang phat trien va de doa d i n s y on djnh cua hS thong. D i l u khien la lam thay doi trgng thai cua he thong, tuc la thay
doi cac thong s6 dac trung cho cac y l u t l tac dpng (nguyen nhan eua qua trinh) hoac cac thong s i dac trung cho dieu kien phat triln qua trinh. De lam d u a c dieu do phai ed trung tam x u ly (thi cong).
Viec thi cong cac not dung dieu khien phai thyc hien tren ea s d cOa nhi>ng quyet dinh d i l u khien quy dinh rd nhij-ng yeu c l u cu the v l npi dung thi cdng, nhung npi dung nay do Trung tam d i l u khien soan thao. De soan thao eae q u y l t djnh d i l u khien phai t i l n hanh lya chpn rat nhieu phuang an de chpn ra phuang an tot n h i t theo eae tieu chi dieu khien da dinh s i n . Cae q u y l t dmh d i l u khien duae sogn thao tren ca sa thdng tin d y bao ve trang thai trong tuang lai cua HTDKT ddi dpng sdng Hong. Viec d y bao nay cua he t h i n g phai d u a c t i l n hanh dya tren cac so lieu ve trang thai hipn tai cua hp thong, ve cac tuang t^c trong he t h i n g va gliia hp thong vdi moi trudng xung quanh. Cae so lieu dd phai d u a c thu nhan t u mgng quan trac tdi uu HTDKT ddi dpng sdng Hdng (hinh 3)
Hinh 3. So dd nguyen tic dieu khien he dia ky thuat mdi trwdng d§ song
Tap chi KHCN Xay dung - so 1/2019
DjA K? THUAT - TRAC DIA
Do vay, de dam bao he thong dja ky thuat ddi ddng sdng Hong hoat dgng binh thudng thi chu trinh hoat dpng nhu sau. Quan t r i e thu thap so lieu -> Trung tam thu nhan s i lieu quan t r i e va x u ly thdng tin - ^ Trung tam d y bao eae tai bien ed the xay ra trong tuang lai -> Trung tam dieu khien ->
Phat tin hieu d i l u khien -^ Trung tam x u ly tin hieu dieu khien - » Tac ddng d i l u ehinh vao he thdng ->
Quan trac thu thap s i lieu. Chu trinh nay phai dupe thyc hien mgt each lien tuc. De cho chu trinh van hanh mgt each tran chu c l n thiet phai t h i l t lap mgt he t h i n g quan trac dia ky thuat mdi trudng day du.
6. Ket luan
- Khu v y c ddi dgng sdng Hong Ha Npi cd mdt n I n dia chat khdng on djnh va b i l n doi phu-c tap Cac y l u td tac dpng da dang t u thuy quyen, khi quyen, quyen ky thuat va moi trudng dja c h i t ven d6 da lam phat sinh cac qua trinh dja ea, thu'/ dja ca nghiem trpng de dog d i n s y on djnh cua he t h i n g dja ky thuat ddi dpng sdng Hdng;
- De chu ddng phdng tranh va c h l n g d d eae hiem hoa cho khu v y c nghien cuu dac biet la h^
thong de can phai nghien euu mgt each he t h i n g t i t ca cac qua trinh tai b i l n dia ky thuat mdt trudng phat tnen trong HTDKT ddi dpng sdng Hong. Viec phan tich, danh -gia nguyen nhan, d i l u kien va co che phat sinh, phat tnen cua he t h i n g la c a s d cho viee luan chung ndi dung va t h i l t k l mang quan t r i e dja ky thugt moi trudng (DKTMT) toi uu cung nhu danh gia d y bao do on dinh chung eua chung,
- Dieu k h i l n hoat dpng tdi uu cho he thong dia ky thuat ddi ddng khu v y c Ha Npi ehi cd the thyc hien dwac tren ea s d xay dyng he t h i n g chuyen dung, lien hoan duae ggi la Monitoring. He t h i n g do bao g I m : quan t r i e dinh ky trang thai he thong, danh gia trang thai hign tai cua he t h i n g , d y bao trang thai eua he thong trong tuang lai va dua ra
cac giai phap d i l u chinh he t h i n g do ca quan quan ly nha nuac.
TAI LIgU THAM K H A O
[1] Tran Manh Lieu, (1998). Ca sd ly thuyet v^ phuang phap luan monitoring he thong DKT do thj. Luan an tiin si khoa hoc, Matxcava.
[2] Tran Manh Lieu v^ nnk (1995). Nguyen nh&n nCrt de Nghi Tam K62+680 - K62+880, 1995. Bao cao khoa hoc, luv Vien Dia Chit, Vien Khoa hoc va Cong Ngh$
Viet Nam
[3] Tran Manh Lieu, (1994). Cac qua trinh dia chit dong lye vung ven de song HSng-Ha Noi. T^p chi Dia chat va thSm do, so 6/1994.t^atxcava (tiing Nga) [4] Tran Manh Lieu va nnk, (1987). So do thuy dia ea
hoc vCing ven de Van C6c ngoai va danh gia on d]nh cua tuyen de. Bao cao khoa hgc, Iwu Vi&n Dia Chit, Vien Khoa hoc Cong nghe Viet Nam
[5] Trin Tu, Tran Manh Lieu, (1988). Do ben vung cua Idp dat tang phu ha luu de chlng bye d i t d de Ha Noi. Tap chi Thuy lai, 9/1988.
[6] Mironenko.V.A, Sextakov.V.M.,(1982). Ca sd thuy dia CO hpc, NXBKHKT, Ha Ndi
[7] Doan The Tuc/ng, Trln Manh Lilu, Nguyin C6ng Kien (2006) Nghien cuu danh gia dieu kign dia ky thuat moi truang va kien nghi phuang huang quy hoach su dung d i t hop ly cho khu vye dai sdng ven sdng Hong trong phgm vi Ha Npi. So khoa hoc v^
cong nghe Ha Noi
[8] Doan The Tudng, Trin Manh Lieu, Nguyin Cong Kien (2009) Luan chung co sd khoa hoc va thilt lap he thing quan trac dja ky thuat moi truang cho khu vyc dai ddng ven sdng Hong tr&n dia ban Ha Npi. Sd khoa hgc va cdng nghe Ha Npi.
Ngay nhan bai: 08/4/2019.
Ngay nhan bai swa lin cuoi: 23/4/2019.
