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10 trends in designing and manufacturing fuel efficiant car until 2025.
Summary: The United States government introduced n e w regulation about t h e level of fuel consumption of cars in 2025 is 4.4 1/100 k m . Below w e see 10 trends in designing and manufacturing fuel efficient car until 2 0 2 5 .
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rong thdi gian g i n day, chfnh phu Hoa Ky lien tuc k h i i n cac nha san xuat dtd "phat sdt" khi dUa ra nhUng quy d j n h mdi ve mUc tieu hao nhien lieu cho xe vdo nam 2 0 2 5 . Dau t i e n , chfnh quyen Tong thdng Obama dat ra con so muc tieu Id 3,9 lft/100 km va bi cac nha sdn xua't dtd phdn ddi kjch liet. Sau d d , con sd tren dUOc nang len 4,2 lft/100 km nhUng v i n bi 16 dai dien nghj vien bang Michigan gUi thU bay td sU khdng ddng thuan. Cud'i cung, chfnh phu Hoa Ky danh phai "chd't sd" bang con sd 4,4 lit/100 k m .N h d d d , c h f n h phu Hoa Ky da nhan dUoe sU ung hd tU phfa 5 hdng xe I d n , bao gdm General Motors, Ford, Chrysler, Honda va H y u n d a i . Ta't n h i e n , ndi nhU vay khong ed nghia la eae hang xe ke tren c a m tha'y viec cat g i a m lUdng n h i e n lieu t i e u thu cho xe xud'ng c d n 4,4 l i t / 1 0 0 km la chuyen de d a n g va cd the thUc h i e n trong mdt sdm mot c h i i u . De dat dUde eon sd' d u n g nhU m o n g mud'n c u a c h f n h q u y e n T o n g thd'ng Obama, cdc h a n g xe dU kien se p h d i ke't h d p kha nhieu phUdng p h a p vd cdng nghe tie't k i e m n h i e n lieu. M d i day, t a p chf Forbes da liet ke 1 0 each ma ede nhd sdn xuat dtd cd the se sU d u n g de t a n g kha n a n g t i i t k i e m n h i ^ n lieu cho xe trong tuong lai.
1 - Dgng cd diesel hay xdng
Thdng thudng, may d i u bao gid cung tieu tdn luong nhien lieu ft hon 2 0 - 2 5 % so vdi ddng eg xdng.
Chua h i t , may d i u cdn dap Ung dUoe nhUng tieu chuan khat khe ve lUOng khi phat thdi eija xe. Vf dg dien hinh Id Volkswagen Jetta TDI vdi lUdng nhien lieu tieu thu chi 5,6 lft/100 km xa Id. So vdi Toyota Camry H y b r i d tieu td'n 6,72 lft/100 km xa Id, rd rang Volkswagen Jetta T D I ed Igi the hdn. Ngoai ra, cdn cd the ke den B M W 3 3 5 d vd'n " n g d n " 6,53 lft/100 km xa Id nhUng khdng he kem canh cdc thanh vien khdc trong ddng 3-Series ve mat sdc manh.
2- Cdng nghO tdng ap va phun nhi§n li^u trUc ti^p N h d nhu'ng cdng nghe m d i nhd't hien nay, dgng co dung tfch nhd khdng edn thua kem ve mat t i c d d . K i t hop giUa c d n g nghe phun nhien lieu trifc tiep va tang dp, cac nha sdn xua't dtd dang gitjp ddng dong co dung tfch nhd trd nen manh me d d n g thdi tiet k i e m n h i e n lieu hOn.
Ve CO b a n , cdng nghe phun nhien lieu trUe tiep cho phep nhien lieu dUOc bom vao mdi xylanh d dp sud't Idn hon t h d n g thudng, tU dd keo theo t^ so nen cao. K i t qud la cat g i d m 2 - 3 % luong nhi§n lieu tieu t h u . Trong khi d d , cdng nghe tang dp vdn bd sung khdng khf cho xylanh ddng cd d i tang cdng s u i t da ed mat trong Idng xe t h i gidi tU nhiiu thap ky qua.
3- Cdng nghO quan ly xylanh b i i n thl§n Tfnh den thdi d i i m hien t a i , nhieu m i u xe trang bi dOng CO V8 ei!ia General Motors vd Chrysler da c6 the ngat mdt nUasd xylanh khi khdng e i n d i j n g d i n , dac biet la luc xe chay d tdc dg thap, tU dd cai thiOn 1 0 % kha ndng tiet kiem nhien lieu. Ve phan minh, Honda cung dp dgng cdng nghO ndy cho ddng dOng CO V6 tren Accord sedan cd trung va Odyssey mini- van. Khi can, hai thanh vien nhd Honda cd t h i ch?y bang 3, 4 hoac 6 x y l a n h . Trong thdi gian tdi, cdng nghO qudn \)/ xylanh b i i n thign dugc ky vgng se xud't hiOn tren cdc ddng xe cd nhd hgn.
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4- HO thong stop-start l u ddng
N h i e m vu c h i n h eua he thong stop-start la to d d n g ngdt d d n g co khi xe g i a m td'c hoac ddng lai de t i i t k i e m n h i e n lieu. Khi ngUdi lai nhae chan ra khdi bdn d a p p h a n h , d d n g eo se hoat ddng trd lai.
H i e n nay, da ed ra't n h i i u mdu xe Ung dung he thd'ng stop-start, dae biet la tai thi trudng chau A u . Theo ede bao cdo, he thd'ng stop-start cd the tang 1 5 % kha nang tiet k i e m nhien lieu cho xe. Day Id ddng CO thuc day nhieu nha san xua't trang bi he thdng stop-start cho cde d d n g xe the he m d i . D u kien, vao nam 2 0 1 5 , he thd'ng stop-start se trd thdnh edi ten p h d b i i n trong lang xe the gidi.
5- Bo sung mdto diOn
Bo sung mdt mdto dien cd nhd cho ddng co xang thdng thudng se giup cai thien cdng sud't cung nhu c i t gidm luong nhien lieu tieu thg. M d t trong nhCfng hang xe dang dp d u n g phUdng phap nay chinh la Buick vdi phien bdn eAssist cua LaCrosse va Regal 2 0 1 2 . Cu the, hang Buick da ket hop khd'i ddng co 4 xylanh, dung tfch 2,4 Ift, phun nhien lieu trUe t i i p tren hai mdu sedan ddi 2012 eua minh vdi mot mdto d i e n . Nang lugng van hanh mdtO dUdc bat ngudn tU c g m pin lithium-ion.
6- Trd lUc lai diOn
Da trd nen quen thude trong vai nam trd lai day, trd Igc Idi didn giup gidm luc can gid cho dgng co, keo theo cdng sua't tdng va lugng nhien lieu tieu thu gidm.
Ngoai ra, tro lUc ldi dien cdn mang d i n mdt loi leh khac, dd la cai thi§n phdn Ung cua eO cd'u lai.
7- Phanh tdi sinh ndng lu^ng
Thudng d i kem vdi nhUng mdu xe hybrid, he thd'ng phanh tdi sinh nang lugng cd tac dung sac pin bdng ngudn dien thu dUOc trong qua trinh giam td'c hoac p h a n h . Khdng ehi giup loai bd may dao dien chay bang day dai thdng thudng, hO thd'ng phanh tdi sinh ndng lugng edn gidm Igc cdn gid cho dgng co va tdng khd ndng tiet kiOm nhien lieu.
8- H6p sd tien tien
NhUng loai hop sd'nhieu ca'p, vi du n h U 8 , eiing la mdt phUdng phap tiet kiem nhien lieu hieu qua cho xe. NhUng ca'p sd tha'p giup ddng ca san sinh cdng sua't Idn khi xe khdi ddng. Trong khi d d , nhUng cap sd cao lai ddi hdi cdng sua't ft hon loai hop sd t u ddng 5 ca'p dien hlnh luc xe chay d td'c dd tha'p. ChUa h i t , cdn phai ke d i n loai hdp sd bien thien vd cap von sd hUu trong lUdng tha'p hdn loai tu ddng tieu chuan ddng thdi gdp phan eat gidm luong nhien lieu tieu thu,
9- Tang tinh khf dpng hoc
Khi xe chay d tdc do cao, Hon mdt nUa cong suat ddng CO dUde san sinh deu lam nhiem vu vUdt qua lUc can gid. NhUng mau xe dUOc t h i i t ke vdi he sd lUe cdn tha'p se cho phep ddng ca sdn sinh ft cdng sua't hOn ma vdn duy tri td'c dd cao. Theo Cue Bdo ve M d i trUdng Hoa Ky EPA, chi can loai bo gia de hang tren ndc xe, ngUdi lai cung da gdp phan cai thien 5%
luong nhien lieu tiet kiem. Hien nay, nhieu ddng xe ban tai, SUV va crossover van giU kieu dang khdng ma'y khi dong. Cac nha san xud't dtd cd kha nang se thay ddi tinh trang tren trong thdi gian tdi.
10- c a t gidm trgng lUOng
Cudi cung tren ly thuyet, day la phuong phap de nhd't de c i t giam lUdng nhien lieu tieu thu cho xe.
Nguyen nhan la do trgng lUdng eCia xe ed lien quan trUc tie'p den luong nhien lieu tieu thu. " C i t gidm trgng lugng la y i u to chu chd't trong qua trinh cai thien kha nang tiet kiem nhien lieu cho x e " , dng Mare Ross, mdt giao sU nganh vat ly den tU trUdng dai hoc M i c h i g a n , phdt bieu. "Khi can nang gidm 1 0 % , kha nang tiet kiem nhien lieu se tang 3 % " .
Tat nhien, khi quyet dinh c i t gidm trong lUOng cho xe, cde nha san xua't cung phai tfnh toan kha ky.
Khdng phdi khdch hang nao, dae biet la ngUdi Hoa Ky, cung thfch lai nhUng chiec xe subcompact nhU Ford Fiesta ddng thdi tU bd nhij'ng tien fch mong mud'n. Thj trUdng dtd tUOng lai vdn ddi hdi nhUng mdu xe d i y du tfnh ndng va cd du chd cho ca gia d i n h . Them vao d d , theo quy luat vat ly, nhUng chiec xe Idn va nang bao gid cung bao ve ngUdi sU dung to't hgn trong trUdng hgp va c h a m .
DU kien, trong thdi gian t d i , cac hang xe se tan dung nhUng vat lieu trgng lUong nhe n h u nhUa, n h d m va soi carbon de c i t giam trong lUOng. Xe se dugc thiet ke' " h o p l y " hon va Ung d g n g cong nghe tien tien de giup ngUdi lai trdnh tai nan hoac g i d m thieu cha'n thuong./, •
Theo abtont (Ths Ninh Ha dich va bien tap) Tap chi Doanh ngliilp Ctf klif & Dtfi sO'ng - So 5/2014 I 4 3
