TAP CHI SINH HOC 2014, 36(2): 179-188
DPI- 10 15625/0866-7l60^36n2 5116
SU" L V A CHQN THtrC AN CUA VOOC MUI HECH Rhinopithecus avunculus TAI KHU BAO TON LOAI VA SINH CANH
KHAU CA, TINH HA GIANG
Nguyen Thi Lan Anh^*, Nguyen Xuan Dang^ Nguyin Xuan Huan*, Nguyen Anh Due' ' T r u d n g Dai hgc Khoa hgc ty nhifin, D H Q G Ha Ndi, *nguyenlananh.nd@ gmail.com
V i e n Smh tiidi vd Tdi nguyfin sinh vdl, Vien Hdn lam K H & C N Viet Nam TOM TAT: Ket qua phan tich ham lupng cdc chdt dinh duong (protein, lipid, carbohydrat, acid ascorbic vd chat khodng); cac chat han chfi hip thu dinh duong (phenol long so, tannin); nang lupng trao doi (ME) trong cac bp phan thuc vat ma Vopc miii hech (VMH) an va khong dn da xac dinh dupc su lua chpn thirc an ciia VMH phu hpp vdi ra6 hinh dinh duong "han chfi thu nap cac hpp chat tini sinh", m8 hinh "han che thu nap chat xo" trong nam rao hinh sinh thai dinh duong chinh ciia thii linh tmdng va thuyet "tim kiem thiic an t l i uu". VMH khong an la ciia mpt so loai thuc vat chifim uu thfi d Khu Bao ton Lodi va Smh cdnh Khau Ca, tinh Ha Giang vi c6 ham lupng phenol long so, tannin cao, Chiing an la cua cac loai thyc vat c6 ham lupng nudc, lipid, protein, carbohydrat hoa tan, khoang tong so, nang lupng trao d l i cao trong khi chdt xa, phenol tong s l , tannin thap. VMH chpn an cuong Id khong theo thuyet tim kifim thiic an toi uu vi ham lupng protein tho (CP), chat xo (ADF) va ty le CP/ADF thap hon phifin Id; ham luong phenol ting s l thap vd ham lupng chat khoang cao hon trong phien Id. VMH an cuong la vd la non co ham lupng acid ascorbic thap hon phien la va la trudng thanh, Nudc cd anh huong nhieu nhat den su lya chpn an Id, cuong la cua VMH, sau do la carbohydrat h6a tan, chat xo va ME.
Tir kh6a: Rhinopithecus avunculus, su Iua chpn thiic an, smh thdi hpc dinh duong, Khau Ca, Ha Giang.
MO DAU
Mpt frong nhiing myc tifiu quaii frgng nhit cua Linh trudng hgc la tim ra cac yfiu td cd anh hudng quyet dinh tdi dg phong phii, linh da dang, bifin ddng sd lugng va t^p linh xa hdi ciia mdi loai linh trudng. Nghifin ciiu nhu cau dinh dudng la mpt frong nhiing van dfi frgng tam frong nghifin ciiu sinh thai hgc cua linh trudng bdi vi su dinh duong phu hgp la difiu kifin tifin quyfit cho su sinh san thanh cdng cua chiing [21]. Sinh thai hgc dinh dudng ciia thii linh trudng la mgt linh vyc nghifin ciiu mdi dugc phat trifin frong nhimg nam gin day, nham nghifin ciiu su thich nghi ciia cac loai linh frudng d6i vdi mdi trudng sdng ciia chiing thong qua vi^c hinh thanh cac thdi quen dinh dudng va cdc ca chl sinh ly giiip chiing cd thi khai thae mgt each hieu qua cac ngudn thiic an sdn co frong cac sinh canh.
Nghifin ciiu sinh thai hgc dinh dudng giiip lam sang td nhilu phuang difin cua tap tinh hpc va smh tiiai hgc va la cdng cy rat cd gid fri frong bao tin thu hnh trudng [10].
Vkn dfi xuygn sudt trong nghifin ciiu sinh
thai hgc dinh dudng la xac dinh xem nhiing yen cdu difiu kien can phai cd dfi cac ca thfi linh trudng cd the thu nap dugc mpi lugng thich hgp cdc chat dinh duong da lugng va vi lugng tir cdc sinh canh cua chiing. Cac yfiu cau nay khdn|
giong nhau giiia cdc lodi hodc giiia cdc cd the ma thay ddi phu thupc vdo cac yfiu td: kfch thudc CO thfi, nhu cau frao ddi chat, ldi song va dac difim ciia he tifiu hda [16, 19]. Cdc lodi khdc nhau cd the cd sy lya chpn khdi lugng vd chung loai thirc dn khdc nhau dya frfin chifin luge uu tifin lya ehgn mdt sd chat dinh dudng ndo dd, da dugc hinh thanh d lodi frong qua trinh tifin hoa lau ddi. Ddi vdi cac loai Iinh trudng, cac nha khoa hpc xac dinh cd nam md hinh dinh dudng chinh, lifin quan den nam chien luge lua ehgn thiic an ciia cac loai [10, 21], bao gdm: 1. Md hinh tdi da hda ndng lugng; 2. M6 hinh tdi da hda protein; 3. Md hinh han chfi thu nap cdc hgp chat chuyfin hda thii sinh frong thuc vat (cdn ggi la cdc hgp chat thii sinh); 4. Md hinh ban chl thu nap chat xa; 5. Md hinh cdn bdng chat dinh dudng.
Nguyen Thi Lan Anh et al
Dac tinh sinh thdi dinh dudng cila VMH d Vigt Nam da dugc mdt sd lac gid nghifin cuu nhu Boonralana & Le Xuan Canh (1998) [6], Dong Thanh Hai (2007) [8], Le Khac Quyet (2007) [13]. Tuy nhien, cac nghifin ciiu chii yeu lap Irung vao xdc dinh thdnh phan cac lodi cay thuc dn va bfi phan cay VMH dn, chua co nghifin ciiu vfi thanh phan cac chat dinh dudng frong cdc bp phan VMH dn ciing nhu ban luan ve anh hudng cua cac chat dinh dudng va cdc chat han chfi hip thu dinh duang den sy lya chpn thuc an cua VMH. Vi vay, chiing ldi da tap trung nghien ciiu theo hudng nay frong mfil sd nam gan ddy [1-4].
Bai bao nay gidi thifiu mdt so kel qud nghien ciiu vfi sinh tbdi dmh dudng ciia quan the VMH d Khu Bdo tdn Loai va Sinh cdnh Khau Ca, tinh Ha Giang frong cac nam 2009- 2013.
VAT LIEU VA PHU'ONG PHAP NGHIEN CUtT Val lieu Id cdc bd phdn cay ma VMH an va khdng an tii cac cay VMH chpn vd khdng chpn d Khu Bdo Ion Lodi va Sinh cdnh Khau Ca, tinh Ha Giang.
Nghifin ciiu nay dugc tifin hanh tai Khu Bdo tin Lodi vd Suih cdnh Khau Ca (22''51'N;
105''08'E) cd dign tfch 2.024,8 ha, ndm fren dia bdn 3 xa: Tiing Bd (huyen Vi Xuygn), Ygn Dinh va Minh Son (huyfin Bdc Me), Sinh canh chinh d ddy la ning thudng xanh frfin mii da vdi nguyfin sinh vd da bi tac ddng d cac miic dp khac nhau.
Hifin nay, khu bao tfin ndy dugc xac dinh dang nudi dudng qudn the VMH ldn nhdt d Viel Nam vd frfin Ihl gidi, khodng 108-113 ca till [27].
Phuang phdp thu mdu thi^c dia
Dya trfin su quan sat true tifip ngoai thyc dia, chiing ldi da thu cac bd phdn nhiing cdy ma VMH an va khdng an tir cac cdy md VMH ehgn va khong chon. Tat ca cac mau dugc giii tuai, dung frong nii nUon bdo qudn frong da lanh (tiiy timg loai mau chon nhiet dp lam khd thich hgp).
Phuang phdp xdc dinh hdm luang cdc chdt dinh duang, cdc chdt hgn che hdp thu dinh duang
Ham lugng cac chat dinh duong, cac chit ban chfi hip tbu dmh dudng ciia cac miu VMH an va khdng dn dugc phdn tich tai Phong Phan
tfch thiic an va San phdm chan nudi (VILAS 053), Vign Chan nudi Qudc gia; Phong tiu nghiem cua Khoa Smh hgc, trudng Dai hpc Khoa hpc ty nhifin, DHQG Ha Ndi. Cdc phuang phdp xac dinh hdm lugng cdc chdt dinh dudng tiieo Tifiu chuin Viel Nam (TCVN) vfi Ihiic an chan nudl (2006) [22]: xac dinh dg ira vd ham lugng chit bay hoi khdc dugc tifin hanh theo TCVN 4326-2001; xdc dinh ham lugng nito vd tinh ham lugng protein thd (CP) bdng phuang phap KJELDAHL tiieo TCVN 4328-2001; xac dinh ham lugng chit bfio tiieo TCVN 4331- 2001; xdc djnh hdm lugng khoang tdng sl (KTS) ttieo TCVN 4327-86: sir dung 16 nung;
xac dinh ham lugng acid ascorbic Iheo TCVN 6427-2-98. Hdm lugng NDF (Neutral Detergent Fiber): xo khdng lan frong mdi trudng trung tfnh, ADF (Acid Detergent Fiber): xo khdng tan frong mfii irudng axit, ADL (Acid Detergent Lignin): Lignin khdng tan frong a xfl dugc xdc dinh theo phuang phap cua Van Soest (1991) [24]. Xac dinh hdm lupng dudng va tinh bpt bdng phuang phap Lane-Eynon. Phuong phdp xac dinh ham lugng cac chat ban chfi hap thu dinh dudng: Tannm theo phuang phap Leventhal sii dung ihudc thti Indigocarmin;
Phenol tdng sd (TP) theo phuang phdp Folin- Denis. Tat cd cdc ket qua dugc Uiih d dang
%DM (vat chit khfi).
Hdm lugng carbohydrat hda tan (Nonfibrous Carbohydrates (NFC)) bao gdm dudng, tinh hot vd cac axil beo dfi bay hoi tiieo National Research Council (2003) [17] da md ta, dugc tinh dya frfin hdm lugng CP, NDF, KTS vd lipid:
NFC=100-(%NDF-(-% CP-l-% KTS-l-% lipid) Tfnh nang lugng frao ddi (ME) ttieo cong tiiiic ciia Conklm-Brittain (2006) [7].
ME (kcal/lOOg DM)=(4x%NFC)-i-(4x%CP)-H (9x% lipid)
Kfit qua trung binh va sai sd ciia sd lifiu frong thf nghiem dugc thdng kfi va xii IJ' bdng phin nifim Excel 2007, Minitabl4. Sir dyng phin mfim ANOVA dl ddnh gia ttrcmg quan, dO tin cay ciia sd lieu.
KET QUA VA THAO LU^N
Cac yeu to dnh hirong din sy lwa chon thiic an cua VMH
Dfi xac dinh nhiing yfiu td cd dnh hudng dang kl din sy lya chpn ttiiic an ciia VMH, chung tdi tifin hanh xac dinh ham lugng cac chit dinh dudng, cdc chit ban chfi hip tiiu duih dudng va gia tri nang lugng frong cdc ihi nghigm sau:
1. So sdnh ham lucmg frong la ciia mgt sd loai cay phfi biln frong Khu Bao tdn Lodi va Smh cdnh Khau Ca nhung VMH khdng an vdi Id cua cdc loai cay VMH an;
2. So sanh hdm lugng frong cuong Id Id bd phan VMH an vdi hdm lugng frong philn la la bg phan VMH khfing drt cua cac cdy Ihiic an cua VMH da xac dinh;
Sy lua chpn thiic an cua vooc miii hech 3. So sanh ham lugng frong phan phign la VMH an vdi hdm lugng frong phdn phifin la VMH khdng an cua cac cay thiic an cua VMH da xac dinh.
So sanh ham lirgng cac chit dinh dirong, cac chat han chl hip thu dinh durdng vd ME trong la cua 7 loai cay VMH an vd 10 loai cay VMH khdng an
Kfit qua xac dinh ham lugng cac chdt dinh dudng, cac chat ban chfi hap thu dinh dudng vd ME trong la ciia 10 loai thyc vat cdy gd rdi phd bifin d Khu Bdo tdn Loai vd Sinh cdnh Khau Ca, nhung VMH khdng an va ciia 7 loai thyc val cay thiic dn ciia VMH dugc trinh bay d bdng 1.
Bdng 1. Hdm lugng cac chat dinh duong, cdc chat han chfi hap thu dinh duong vd gia fri ndng lugng frong Id ciia cac loai cay VMH an vd cac loai cay VMH khdng dn
, 1 Ham lugng cac chat dinh duong va rTfjr
\^^" cac chit han chl hdp tiiu dinh dudng (% DM) ^ ^ ' ^ ^ V9t CP Lipid NFC KTS NDF ADF .f^_ TP Tannm ME
La an (n=7) La khdng
11,15 1,57 38,57 10,50 2,22 0,29
6,59
± 1,35
± 4,77 53,07
1,75 5,17
38,21
± 3,34
23,58 0,49 4,81 213,02
2,96 24.04
0,1 0,30
0,49 6,45
0,97 13,93
13,58 250,77 (n=10)
SDu SDLKA
0,4 7,01 2,98
0,21 0,92 0,67
6,24 15,08 19,74
0,73 5,53 2,31
4,94 10,56 15,62
3,71 9,36 11,72
0,03 0,31 0,09
1,59 1,56 5,04
1,25 3,08 3,96
20,95 42,94 66,26 DM. Vat chat kho; CP. Protein ttio; NFC. carbohydrat hoa tan; KTS. Khoang long s6; NDF. Xo ihong tan trong moi trudng trung Hnh; ADF. Xo khOng tan Uong m6i trudng a xil; TP. Phenol tong so; GTNL. Gia tri nang lupng; ME, Nang lupng trao d6i; LA La an; LKA. La khong dn; Mean ± SEM chi sy khac bifit d miic y nghia a=0,05; SD. Do lech chuan.
Kfit qua kifim dinh Maim-Whitney Test cho thay, khdng cd sy khac bifit cd y nghia thdng kfi (vdi a=0,05) vfi hdm lugng cac chat dinh duong va cac chat ban chfi hap thu dinh dudng trong cac la cdy VMH an va cac la cay VMH khdng an (CP: W=122,0; P=0,2123; Lipid:
W=108,0; P=0,8501; NFC: W=85,0;
P=0,1405; ME: W=89,0; P=0,2413; NDF:
W=U5,0; P=0,4727; ADF: W=104,0;
P=0,9698; CP/ADF: W=125,0; P=0,1405), m^c dti CP, lipid, NDF, CP/ADF trong Id an cao ban Id khdng an va ADF, ME cua Id khdng an cao hon la an. Tuy nhifin, cd sy khdc bifit cd
y nghta thdng kfi vdi a=0,05 vfi hdm luong KTS (W=143,0; P^,0046); TP (W=76,0;
P=0,0091) vd tannin (W=59,0; P=0,0006) giiia cac li VMH an vd cac la VMH khdng an. Ham lugng TP, tannin frong la cua 10 loai thyc vat VMH khdng dn cao hon nhifiu so vdi ham lugng cua chiing trong la ciia 7 lodi thuc vdt VMH dn (TP: 6,45±l,59 so vdi 2,03±0,49;
tannin: 13,93±1,25 so vdi 4,81±0,97). Ngugc lai, ham lugng KTS frong la cac loai cdy VMH an cao ban ham lugng frong Id cua cac loai cay VMH khong an (KTS: 10,50±1,75 so vdi 5,17±0,73),
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Nguyen Thi Lan Anh et al.
Nhu vay, VMH khdng ehgn an la cita cac loai thyc vdl cd hdm lugng TP, tannin cao. Difiu nay hoan toan phu hgp vdi md hinh "ban chfi thu nap cdc hgp chat ihu sinh" cho rdng thu linh Irudng tranh an cac bd phan thyc val cd ham lugng cac hgp chat tini sinh cao [9]. Nghien cim nay ciing cho thay VMH lya ehgn dn Id ciia cdc cay cd ham lugng KTS cao ban. Kgt qud tuang ty ciing da phat Men d mgt s6 lodi linh trudng frong cdc nghien ciiu cua Baranga (1983) [5] vd Rode (2003) [20].
So sanh ham lirgng cdc chdt dinh dirdng, cac chat han che hap thu dinh dudng va ME trong cuong la (\TV1H an) va philn la (VMH khong an) tir cac cay thuc dn ciia VMH
Quan sat frong dieu kifin ty nhifin cho thay, ddi vdi cdc cay thiic an, VMH chi chpn an phdn cu6ng la, khdng dn phdn phifin Id. Vi vdy, frong thi nghiem nay, chimg toi so sanh ham lugng cdc chat dinh dudng, cac chat ban chfi hdp tbu dmh duong va ME frong cudng la (VMH an) va frong phien Id (VMH khdng an) dugc thu thap lii cdc lodi cay thiic an cua VMH nham xac dinh xem nhirng yfiu Id ndo tdc ddng dfin su lua chon nay ciia VMH. Kfit qua phdn tich dugc tiinh bdy frong hinh 1.
Hirth 1. Ham lugng cdc chat dmh duong, cdc chit ban che hip thu dinh duong (%DM) va gid fri nang lugng (kcal/100 g) frong phifin Id (VMH khdng an) vd cudng Id (VMH an)
Kilm fra T-student (Paued lest) giiia gid tri frung binh ciia ham lugng cac chit dinh dudng, cac chat han chl hip thu dinh duang, ME trong phifin la vd cuing la cho thiy khdng cd sy khac nhau cd y nghia thing ke ddi vdi lipid va tannin (P (two-tail) > a=0,05) irong
philn la va cudng Id, mdc dti ham lugng lipid frong cudng la cao hem frong phign Id vd tannin trong cudng Id thap ban phifin la.
Cd sy khdc nhau cd y nghia tiidng kfi (P (two-tail) < a=0,05) vl ham lugng nudc, CP, NFC, KTS, TP, NDF, ADF, ADL frong phifin Id va cudng la vd vdi t-Stat > I (one-tail) cd the kit luan nudc, NFC, KTS, ME frong cufing Id cao hon phifin la frong khi CP, NDF, ADF, ADL, TP frong phifin la cao ban cuong Id (hinh 1).
Kit qud nghifin ciiu nay phu hgp vdi kfit qua cua Baranga (1983) [5] d loai Procolobus badius d Kiabale, loai chuyfin an cudng Id cua cdy Markhamia platycalyx (Bignoniaceae), cho thdy rang ham lugng protein frong phifin Id Markhamia platycalyx nhifiu gan gdp hai lan frong cuong Id; phot pho va nang lugng d phign Id cao ban; frong khi dd ham luong Canxi, Kali, Nalri d phifin la thap ban frong cuing Id.
Waterman (1994) [25] giai thich vific linh trudng chpn dn cudng Id c6 thfi do cudng la cung cip cac chit khodng d|ic biet, hoac bdi cufing Id cd thg ngheo ham lugng cdc hgp chit thit sinh ban so vdi phign Id.
Nghifin cim ciia chiing tfii cho thiy, VMH chpn an cudng Id khdng theo thuylt tim kifim thiic an tli uu vi hdm lugng CP, ADF frong phifin Id cao ban cufing Id. Chiing chpn dn cufing la CO le do cufing la cd ham lugng TP thip (phh hgp vdi md hinh sinh thai dmh dudng
"han chl thu nap cdc hgp chit thii sinh") vd hdm lugng chat khoang cao ban frong philn la.
So sdnh ham lugng cdc chat dinh dir&ng, cac chat han che hap thu dinh dudng va gi^ tri ME trong phin la an vd phan Id khdng an tir cdc cay thuc an cua VMH
Quan sat frong dilu kien ttr nhien cho thiy, ddi vdi cac cdy thiic dn, VMH ehgn an la non vd niia frfin (xa cudng) ciia la trudng thanh (dugc gpi chung la phin la an) va khfing an la ttrrdng thdnh va nira dudi (gin cudng) cua la tnidng thdnh (dugc ggi chung la phin la khdng an).
Trong thi nghifim nay, chiing tdi so sanh hdm lugng cac chit dinh duang, cdc chit ban che hap thu dinh duang vd ME frong phdn la an vdi phan la khfing an nhim xac dinh xem nhiing ygu Id nao tac ddng dfin sy lya ehgn nay cua VMH. Kifim fra T-sttident (Paired test) giiia gid
Sy lira chpn thiic an ciia vopc miii hfich tri trung binh cua h a m lugng cac chdt dinh
dudng, cac chai han c h l h i p thu dinh dudng, M E frong p h i n la an vd p h i n Id khdng dn, k i t qua phdn fr'ch cho thdy, khfing cd su khac nhau cd y nghia tiidng kfi (P (two-tail) > a=0,05) vfi ham lugng n u d c , CP, lipid, N F C , KTS, TP, tannin, N D F , A D F , A D L frong p h i n la an vd p h i n la khdng an. Vi vay, gid tti trung binh (Mean) va S E M (Standard E n o r of Mean) vdi
Bdng 2. Ham l u g n g cac c h i t dinh dudng, cdc c h i t ban c h l h i p thu dinh duong vd gid fri nang lugng frong phdn Id khdng an vdi p h i n Id dn
miic -^ nghia a=0,05 dugc sii dung dg so sdrtii hdm lugng cac chat dinh dudng, cdc chdt han chfi hap Ihu dinh dudng, M E frong phdn la an va phdn Id khdng an (bdng 2). Kgt qud frong bdng 2 cho thay, hdm lugng nudc, lipid, protein, NFC, KTS vd M E trong phan Id dn cao hon phan Id khdng dn va N D F , A D F , A D L , T P va tannm frong phan Id dn Ihap hon phan la khfing an.
Phdn thyc
H a m lugng cdc chat dinh dudng va cdc chdt h^n che hap ihu dinh dudng (% DM)
G T NL N u d c C P Lipid NFC KTS N D F A D F A D L T P Tannin M E Phan
Id khdng
62,35 8,52 1,27 36,61 9,55 44,06 27,75 12,34 2,52 6,57
± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±
1,65 1,74 0,13 4,64 0,89 3,53 2,77 2,14 0,62 1,06 191,91
Phin la an SD„j4j S D p u N
66,38
± 1,74 4,96 8,75 10
11,15
± 2,22 5,21 7,01 10
1,57
± 0,29 0,40 0,92 10
38,57
± 4,77 13,91 15,08 10
10,50
± 1,75 2,66 5,53 10
38,21
± 3,34 10,58 10,56 10
23,58
± 2,96 8,76 9,36 10
11,44
± 2,33 6,75 7,38 10
2,03
± 0,49 1,95 1,56 to
4,81
± 0,97 3,37 3,08 10
213,02
± 13,58 43,69 42,94 10 DM. Vat chdt kh6; CP. Protem th6; NFC. carbohydrat hba tan; KTS. Khoang tong so; NDF. Xa khong tan Uong m6i trudng trung tiiih; ADF. Xo khdng tan Uong moi trudng a xit; ADL. Lignin khong tan trong a xit;
TP. Phenol long so; GTNL. Gid tri ndng lupng; ME. Nang lupng trao doi; LA, La an; LKA, Ld kh6ng an;
Mean ± SEM chi su khdc biet d miic y nghia 0=0,05; SD. Dp lech chuan.
Thi nghiem cita chung ldi cho thay, V M H chi ehgn an Id non va n u a frfin cua la trudng thanh do cd ham l u g n g n u d c , lipid, CP, NFC, KTS va M E cao; ham lugng chdi xa, T P va tannin t h i p . Nhifiu nghien ciiu frfin thii linh frudng da ghi nhan va d u a ra su giai ihich cho hifin tugng nay n h u sau: cac phan thyc vdt trudng thdnh chiia nhifiu x o hon cdc phan non:
frong Id hirdng thdnh, ty I? ciia cdc c h i t frong vach tfi bdo (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignui) cao b a n ly I? cac thdnh p h i n hda tan frong t l bao chit. Khdc vdi cellulose va hemicellulose, lignin khdng phan hiiy d u g c bdi vi sinh vat cpng sinh, n h u t h i keo dai sy tifiu hda ciia thdnh p h i n t l bao khdc [12]; la non d l tifiu hda b a n la trudng thanh, d o hdm lugng x a ciia chiing thap hon [15]. N g a y frfin ciing mOt loai cay, ham lugng cua rtiiihig chdt nay ciing thay ddi.
T h u d n g Id cdc Id non cd hdm lugng protein vd dich tfi bao cao hon, ham lugng lignin ft b a n la gid trfin ciing cdy nfin gia tri dinh dudng cao ban.
So s a n h h a m lirgng C P , A D F va ty 1|
C P / A D F t r o n g cac bg p h a n t h u c vgit V M H an va k h o n g a n tir cdc loai cay t h u c a n c u a V M H
Theo Milton (1979) [14], ty le protein thd/chat x a (CP/ADF) cd vai frd chinh frong su lya chpn dn la d cdc loai linh trudng an la va mo hinh lya chpn an cac Id vdi ly 1? C P / A D F cao da d u g c tim thay d nhifiu linh truong an Id. D e tim hifiu ve anh hudng cua ham lugng C P vd A D F frong cdc loai thyc vat dfin sy lua ehgn cuong la vd "phan la a n " ciia V M H , chiing tfii lien hanh phdn tich so sanh ham lugng C P va A D F trong
Nguyen Thi Lan Anh et al.
philn Id (n=34) V M H khfing an va c u i n g la ( n - 3 4 ) V M H an ciia 13 loai cay tinic an, giGa p h i n la an (n=10) va p h i n la khfing an (n=10) ciia 07 lodi cay tiuic dn cua V M H . K i t qud thu dugc n h u sau:
Kit qud nghiin ciru ve sir lua chon cudng Id: K i l m fra T-sfrident (Paued test) giua gid tti ttTing bhih cua CP, A D F vd tj- le C P / A D F frong phifin Id vd cudng Id cho thdy, vdi P (two-tail) <
a=0,05 va t-Stat > I (one-tail) nfin CP, A D F va t y le CP/ADF cua phien Id va cudng Id khdc nhau cd ^ nghTa t h i n g kfi. Ham lugng CP, A D F vd ly lfi C P / A D F ciia philn Id cao b a n frong cudng Id (hinh 2).
khi A D F frong p h i n Id khfing an cao b a n phan Id an (hinh 3).
Plueiiki Oioimla
Hinh 2. Ham luang CP, A D F vd ly lfi C P / A D F frong phifin la vd cuong Id DM. Vat chit kho; CP, Protein tho; ADF. Xo khOng
tan Uong mdi tnidng axit, N h u vay, sy lya chon c u i n g Id cua V M H khfing phu hgp vdi thuyfit "tim kifim thiic an tfii u u " ciia H u m e (1989) [11] cho rang dgng vat se lya chpn protein cao va chat x a thdp cdn gid thuyet cua Milton (1979) [14] cho rang, dfing vat lya ehgn ttiifc dn cd ty lfi CP/ADF cao frong khi dd V M H ehgn an cudng Id cd CP, A D F va ty lg C P / A D F ttiip.
Kit qud nghiin ciru vi su lua chon phdn Id dn: Vi CP, A D F va ty lfi CP/ADF frong p h i n la khdng an vd phan Id an khdng khdc nhau cd y nghia vfi t h i n g kfi (P (two-tail) > a=0,05) nfin gid tii ttung buih (Mean) va SEM (Standard Error of Mean) vdi miic y nghla a=0,05 dugc sii dung d l so sdnh va k i t qud cho thiy, C P va ty lfi CP/ADF d phan la an cao hon d phdn Id khdng an frong
rADF S-CP-.^F
Pliaiila an Phaiila khong an Hinh 3. Hdm lugng CP, A D F va ty 1? CP/ADF
frong p h i n la khdng an vd p h i n Id an DM. Vat chit kh6; CP. Protein tho; ADF. Xo khong
tan frong moi trudng a xit N h u vay, k i t qua nghifin ciiu vfi sy lua chpn phdn la an cua V M H p h u hgp v d i thuyfit "fim kifim thitc an tdi i m " ciia H u m e (1989) [11] va Milton (1979) [14] cho rdng d d n g v | t lya ehgn thiic an cd C P cao, A D F tiiip vd ty lp CP/ADF cao. S y lya ehgn cua V M H ciuig gidng vdi Vogc mdng trang d K h u bao tfin thifin nhien Van Long n h u W o r k m a n (2009) [26] va chd vd d Trung tam Ciiu hg Linh trudng Ciic Phuang do Otto (2005) [18] da m d td.
H a m l u g n g acid a s c o r b i c t r o n g c a c bg ph$n t h i ^ v a t V M H a n va k h o n g a n tir cdc loai cay thiirc a n c u a V M H
Vitamin C hay acid ascorbic Id mdt chat dinh d u d n g thifit yfiu cho cac loai linh tmcmg.
Thii linh trudng cd n h u cau vitamin C t u a n g d6i cao. Trong thi nghiSm ndy, chiing tdi so sanh hdm l u g n g vitamin C d cac bd p h a n thyc vat V M H an va khdng an dfi xem lieu vitamin C cd dnh h u d n g d i n sy lya ehgn thiic an cua VMH hay khdng. K i l m fra T-student (Paired test) giua gid tri t n m g binh h a m l u g n g acid ascorbic frong cdc bg phan t h u c vdt V M H an vd khdng an tir cac Ioai ca^ thiic an ciia V M H , k i t qua phan tich cho thay cd sy khac nhau c 6 f nghla t h i n g kg giua cufing la va phifin Id (P (two-tail) <
a=0,05) va t Stat > t (one-tail) vi vay, cd t h i kfit luan h a m l u g n g acid ascorbic frong p h i l n la cao b a n frong cudng la. T r o n g khi do, d phdn Id an
Sy lya chpn thiic an ciia vopc raui hfich va phan la khong an khdng khac nhau cd y
nghia thing kfi (P (two-tail) > a=0,05), vi vdy, gid fri frung binh (Mean) vd SEM (Standard Error of Mean) vdi mirc JJ nghTa a=0,05 dugc su dyng dfi so sanh. Kit c|ua la acid ascorbic frong phin Id dn cao ban phdn la khdng an (hinh 4).
Ml
Pliieula CiioiigLi Pliaiila khong PliAiila aii anHinh 4. Ham lugng tnmg binh ciia acid ascorbic frong cac bg phan thyc vat VMH an vd khdng
dn lai KBT Kliau Ca (mg/100 g) Nhu vay, kgt qua nghign cihi cua chiing ldi cho thay, VMH khfing ehgn an cudng la vd la co ham lugng acid ascorbic cao. Cd thg gidi thich cho sy khdc nhau ciia acid ascorbic frong cdc bg phdn thyc vat Id do ham lugng nay frong thyc vat phdn phdi khdng dgu, cd nhifiu d ldp vd han la d rugl va c6 nhifiu d la ban d cudng Id va than.
Ham lu-gng chit dinh dudng, chit han chl hap thu dinh duong ndo quylt dinh sy 1 ^ ehgn thuc an or VMH va anh hirdng cua ME din su lya ehgn thuc an cua VMH
D I trd ldi cho cau hdi frfin, phdn tich phuang sai mOt nhdn td dugc sii dyng de phan tfch cac ham lugng frong cudng Id vd phan la ma VMH ehgn an. Vi P-value (0,001) < a=0,05 (miic y nghia cua kifim dinh); df=9; n=34 nfin cdc ham lugng va ME cd anh hudng khdc nhau cd ;y nghTa thdng kfi tdi su lya chpn an cufing la ciia VMH, T)k xem hdm lugng ndo anh hudng nhifiu nhit dfin sy lya ehgn cudng la ciia VMH, phuang phap LSD (Least Significant Difference) nhu van Emden (2008) [23] da md td dugc sii dung dl so sanh cdc gia fri trung binh ciia cac ham lugng frong cufing la dya vao t (a.
D vd LSD. Kfit qua tfnh loan thu dugc nhu sau dfii vdi cudng Id:
I = 1(0,025; 339) = TINV(0,025; 339) = 2,25 LSD = LSD(34;34) = 2,25*SQRT(D99*(l/34+l/34))=n,90 Xel tuong ty vdi phin Id VMH ehgn an thi P-value=0,001 < a=0,05; df=9, n=10 nfin cdc hdm lugng vd ME cd dnh hudng khac nhau cd ^ nghTa thdng ke tdi sy lya chpn phan la dn cita VMH, Diing LSD dfi so sdnh vdi hifiu cdc gid fri trung binh ciia cdc hdm lugng d phan la an vdi gid fri l(a, f) va LSD dugc tfnh nhu sau:
t = 1(0,025; 89) = TINV(0,025; 89) = 2,28 LSD = LSD(10;I0) = 2,28*SQRT(D45*(l/10-l-l/10)) =16,48 L|p bang hifiu cdc gia fri trung binh ciia cdc ham lugng, nfiu higu hai gid tri trung binh ldn ban LSD thi hai gia tri trung binh khdc nhau rd rfit vd ngugc lai. So sanh dua vdo bdng hieu trung binh cua cdc ham lupng frong phan Id an CO LSD=I6,48; LSD=ll,90 doi vdi cuing Id, kfit qud thu dugc nhu sau: nudc, NFC, NDF, ADF va ME khac bifit cd y nghta vdi miic ct=5%; frong khi do CP, Lipid, KTS, TP va tannin khdng khac bifit. Ham lugng nudc khac bifit CO y nghla vdi hdm lupng cua tat cd cac chat cdn lai.
Nhu vay, xet vfi ham lugng chat dinh dudng vd chat ban chfi hdp thu dinh dudng Ihi nudc cd dnh hudng nhifiu nhdt dfin sy lua ehgn cudng Id, la ciia Vogc mui hfich, sau do la NFC vd chat xo, Bfin c^nb dd, ME frong cuong la, phan Id ma VMH ehgn an cung anh hudng den sy lya ehgn nay.
Cho den nay, VMH dugc ghi nhan la chi hoal ddng frfin cdy va hau nhu khdng xudng dai.
Difiu can lam rd la VMH Idy nudc d dau de cung cap cho ca thfi? Kfit qua cua hai phan tich frfin cho thay, nudc la hdm lugng chit dinh dudng quyfit dinh su lua ehgn cudng Id va phdn la md VMH an, sau dd dfin NFC va chat xo. Ttr day, cd thfi cho rang, VMH su dung ngudn nudc lay tir thiic an la chinh dfi dap iing nhu cdu nudc cho boat dgng frao ddi chat cua ca the. Tuy nhifin, van dfi ndy ciing can dugc nghifin ciiu dfi lam rd hem.
Nguyen Thi LanAnh et at.
KET LUAN
V M H cd tinh lya ehgn ihiic an khd cao tiieo cac md hinh sinh thai dmh dudng vd tiiuyet "tim k i l m thiic an tdi uu" ddi vdi cac bg phan ihyc vat V M H an vd khdng an: 1. Tuan theo ttiuyfil
"fim kifim ttiiic an ldi uu" - cd ham lugng protein cao, c h i t x o ttiip va ly lfi CP/ADF cao (la); 2. Phii hgp vdi m6 hinh "han chfi thu nap cdc hgp chdt Ihii sinh", "ban c h l thu nap chat x a " (cudng Id, Id); 3. C!hit khodng cao (cudng Id).
Cac y l u td dnh hudng dfin sy lua chpn ihiic an cua V M H bao g i m : nudc, carbohydrat hda tan, c h i t x a vd ME. Ham lugng acid ascorbic khfing anh hudng den su lua ehgn thtic an ciia V M H .
Loi cdm an: Nghifin ciiu ndy dugc tdi frg bdi dfi tai md sd QG.12.12 cua Dai hpc Q u i c gia Ha Nfii, International Foundation of Science (IFS) va Quy phdt trifin khoa hpc va c6ng nghfi qudc gia (NAFOSTED) frong d l tdi ma sd 106.15- 2011.14.
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Nguyen Thi Lan Anh et al.
FOOD CHOICE OF TONKIN SNUB-NOSED MONKEY Rhinopithecus avunculus IN KHAU CA SPECIES AND HABITAT
CONSERVATION AREA, HA GIANG PROVINCE Nguyen Thi Lan AnhS Nguyen Xuan Dang^,
Nguyen Xuan Huan', Nguyen Anh Due'
^VNU University of Science, Hanoi
^Instittite of Ecology and Biological Resources, VAST
SUMMARY
We analysed and corapared the nutrient content (proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, ascorbic acids and minerals), anti-nutnUonal factors (total phenols, tannins) and metabolizable energy in plant parts consumed and not consumed by the Tonkin Snub-Nosed Monkey (TSNM). Food choice of TSNM follows model
"avoidance or regulation of plant secondary metabolites", model "limitations of dietary fibre" in five main pnraate nutritional ecology models and "optimal foraging theory". TSNM doesn't eat the leaves of dominant plant species at Khau Ca due to their high total phenol and tannin content. Instead, it eats the leaves of plant species that have high water, hpid, protem, soluble carbohydrate, ash and metabolizable energy coupled with low fiber, total phenol and tannm content. TSNM also eats plant petioles, which does not matchoptimal foraging theory as the CP, ADF and CP/ADF ratio of petioles are lower than in lamina, whereas total phenol content is low (in accordance with the "avoidance or regulation of plant secondary metabolites" model) and ash content is higher than lamina. It avoids eatrag lamina and mature leaves that have high ascorbic acid content. Water has highest influence on selection of young leaves and petioles by TSNM, followed by nonfibrous carbohydrates, fiber and metabolizable energy.
Keywords: RhinopKhecus avunculus, food choice. Ha Giang, Khau Ca, nutritional ecology.
Ngay nhdn bdi: 15-1-2014
