K i t qua nghiSn c i i u khoa hgc B V T V - S d 4/2012
Tfnh c h i t d i t cd I n h hu-dng q u y l t djnh tdl s y lya chgn vj tri d l triing ctia chfiu c h i u , chiing ehii y l u de triing d- logi d i t ed thfinh p h i n c a gidi trung binh.
S y thay d i l k i t c l u d i t b i n g bi$n phfip lfim d i t lfim g i i m dfing k l d i n ty 1$ sdng sdt eiia triing chfiu c h i u .
Trong giai dogn phfit t r i l n phdi triing chfiu e h l u , dd I m d i t c d I n h hu'dng Idn d i n s y sdng sdt eua triing. 0 m i i c dO I m phii hgp cho cfiy trdng cgn (60-85%) cOng Ifi m i i c dd I m phii hgp cho phdi phfit t r i l n ; d- mu'c dd I m cfiy khS hfio vfi c h i t thi tning chfiu c h i u cOng khdng n d du-gc.
T A I L I E U T H A M K H A O
1. Baker G.L., R.J. Dysart, R.G. Plgott, 1996. "Parasitism of Grasshopper and Locust Eggs (Orthoptera: Acrididae) by Scelio Species (Hymenoptera' Seelionidae) in Southern
Australia", Australian Journal Entomological Society. Vol. 34, No.2, pp.129-133.
2. Bg Ndng nghifip vfi Phfit t r i l n ndng thdn, 2010. Qui c h u i n Qudc gia: QCVN - 01:38 - Phyang phfip d i l u tra phfit hl0n djch hgi cfiy trdng.
3. Nancy Matheson, 2003. Grasshopper Management: Pest Management Technical Note, htlPs://attra.ncat.orQ. truy cfip ngfiy 16/10/2011.
4. Ralf Prveling, 2005. W e believe in what we see and vice versa: evidence versus perception In locust control. Journal of Orthoptera Research, Vol.14, No.2, pp.207-212
5. Yao Shu., H. Zhi-guo,G. Fu-lai and L.
Chun-qiang, 2009. Effects of climate and its change on the occurrence of oriental migratory locust around Bohai Bay, Chinese Joumal of Ecology: 07-025.
Ngdy nh$nbAi15.3.2012 Phan bien GS.TS. Pham Van Lam
A N H H u d N G C U A T H a i T I ^ T O ^ N S U " P H A T T R I ^ N C U A B O C A N H C L P N G H A I DLTA BRONTISPA LONGISS'lMA G E S T R O V A O N G K Y S I N H
ASECODES HISPINERUM T A I P H U Y E N
E f f e c t s o f W e a t h e r F a c t o r t o T h e D e v e l o p m e n t o f C o c o n u t S e t t l e s Brontispa longissitrta G e s t r o a n d P a r a s i t i c W a s p Asecodes hispinarutn
in P h u Y e n P r o v i n c e
Dfing Vfin Mgnh' , Satoshi Nakamura^, Nguyfin Lfi Lanh D a '
Abstract
Recording coconut trees was damaged by Brontispa the first time in the year of 2000. Until 2004, infested coconut tree areas by this beetle were about 5.000 ha /5.250 ha total. There was some heavily damaged areas such as Tuy An and Song Cau districts.
From 2001, Phu Yen PPSD have conducted a tot of activities, such as Technical training on Coconut for technicians and farmers; Strengthening information of Coconut beetle in the media; Doing experiments about effecting some insectides to control the beetle; Testing the microorganism products: Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana; Releasing parasitized wasps (Asecodes hispinamm and Tetmstichus sp.) and Earwigs {Chelisoches variegatus) in the coconut trees plantations.in 2008, cooperating with JIRCAS to set up
2 surveying sites to record somes main weather 1. Chi cyc BVTV PhCi Yfin factors and population dynamics of coconut beetle and 2. Trung tfim nghifin ciiu khoa hgc ndng nghifip qudc parasitized wasps.
te Nhgt ban - JIRCAS In Phu Yen, there are clearly 2 temperature areas in
K i t qua nghien c i i u khoa hgc BVTV-Sd 4/2012
a year, from June - September, t ° >30''C and from October - May, t " <30°C In the months that t " >30''C, Brontispa density and percentage of infested trees was decreased but number of mummies/tree and percentage of parasitized trees was also very low. Generally, parasitized wasps could not work in the high temperature condition. In the months that t° <30°C. parasitized wasp could develop but number of collected mummies /tree was low, about 5 mummies/tree with parasitized percentage was lower than 10%. Temperature is a mam factor of limitation to control Brontispa in Phu Yen. Doing study on Brontispa integrated management In local condition to detennine exactly the measures to control Brontispa perfectly.
Keywords: Coconut beetle, Brontispa longissima, parasitic wasp, Asecodes hispinarum, Tetrastichus sp., Phu Yen
DAT VAN De
Phli Ydn vdi difin tfch diia han 5.000 ha T i i nam 2000, bg canh eiing hgi du-a {Brontispa longissima Gestro) dfi phfit sinh gay hgi nfing.
Chi cyc Bao vfi thyc vfit (BVTV) Phii Ydn vdi nhilu bifin phfip phdng trir thich hap, trong dd gdm du nhfip vfi nhfin tha ong ky sinh (OKS)
>Asecodes hispinarum nfin da han c h i p h i n nfio s y gay hgi cua bg cfinh ciing hgi dua tren dja ban toan ttnh.
T h y c t l cho thay bg cfinh ciing hgi du'a khdng d u g c khdng c h i hoan tofin mfi d nhieu viing diia chiing cdn phfit sinh gay hai manh vdl miic dd khfic nhau tuy theo mua va theo viing sinh thfii.
Vfin de dSt ra la tgi sao Asecodes hispinarum lai phat huy tfic dyng t i t tai khu v y c DBSCL ma it tfic dung tgi khu v y c mien Trung, dac bidt la tgi Phli Yen. Diem khfic biet rd nhfit giua hai viing do Ifi yfiu td thdi tilt. De ly giai v i n d l tren, Chi cue BVTV Phli Yen phdi hgp vdi to chiic JIRCAS t i l n hfinh de tfii: "Nghien cu'u mdi quan hfi giiia y l u td thai t i l t vdi s y phfit trien cua bg canh Cling hgi diia vfi OKS tai PhO Ydn"
PHLfQNG P H A P N G H I E N CU'U Th&i gian va dja diem: Nghien ciiu du-gc t i l n hfinh t i i thfing 4/2008 d i n thfing 3/2011, tgi hai xa An Thgch (Tuy An ) vfi Xuan Phii (Sdng Cau).
Thiet bf: S i i dung mfiy Thermo recorder d l do nhiet dg, am dd tai mdi diem nghien ciiu. Mfiy Thermo recorder du-gc treo tren nggn cfiy diia, 6 thang thay mdt lan vfi g i i i v l JIRCAS d l trich x u l t dO- lifiu. Ghi chfip sd lifiu thdi t i l t hfing ngay tgi cfic Tram BVTV huyfin (Du- hdu thai t i l t lay t i i JIRCAS cd ddi c h i l u vdl so hfiu tgi chd).
Phuxmg phip dieu tra: Dinh k^ 1 Ifin/thfing
d i l u tra 50 cfiy du'a cd djnh, cfiy diia d i l u tra dugc chgn ngau nhien, n h i l u cd tudi cfiy Khi d i l u tra, thu 10 nggn diia bj hgi vfi 10 nggn dua n g l u nhifin dem ve phdng thi nghifim tfich i l y bg cfinh Cling hgi dira vfi ong ky sinh (OKS).
Chi tieu theo doi:
- Nhifit dd. am dd, lu'gng mu-a ngofii ddng vfi trong phdng.
- Ty Id cfiy diia cd ky sinh (%): sd cfiy cd mummy/tdng sd cfiy dieu tra x 100
- Ty lfi ky sinh/cfiy (%): sd mummies/(tlng sd bg cfinh ciing hai diia+sd mummy) xlOO
- s d sfiu non cfic tudi/ nggn - s d mummy/ngon cua tiing loai OKS - Ty Ifi cfiy diia bj hgi vfi d p hai cua lfi nggn thii n h i t . Danh gifi e l p hgi theo JIRCAS:
+ CapO khdng bi hgi + C l p A : 1-25% didn tfch la + d p B: 26-50 % didn tfch lfi + d p C: 51-75 % dien tich ifi + d p D: 76-100 % dien tfch Ifi
So lifiu d i l u tra hang thang giii cho JIRCAS.
s d lifiu k i t qua dieu tra dugc x i i ly b i n g MS Excel 2010.
K t T QUA V A T H A O L U A N 1. D i l n b i l n thd'i t i l t
K i t qua theo ddi 3 nfim cho t h i y cfic y l u td thdi tiet d i l n b i l n khfi gidng nhau d ca 2 diem nghidn ciiu (hinh 1 vfi hinh 2).
Cf Phu Yfin hfing nfim l i i thfing 6 den thfing 9 cd nhifit dd tmng binh cao han SO'C vfi tu- thfing 10 d i n thfing 5 nfim sau cd nhifit dO trung binh dudi 3 0 X . Nhifit dg thap n h i t trong khoang thdi glan thfing 12 - thang 2 (thfing 1/2010 - 25,1''C) va cao n h i t vfio khoang thfing 7- thfing 8 hfing nam (thfing 7/2010 - 36,4°C). Chinh s y b i l n ddng nhifit dd qufi ldn nfiy dfi anh hudng d i n sinh trudng
K i t qua nghifin c i i u khoa hgc B V T V - s d 4/2012
eua ca Bg cfinh ciing hgi diia l l n OKS Luang mu-a trung binh hfing thfing eao n h i t Am dg thay ddi trong khoang 60-86%, cfic tfip trung vfio cfic thfing 9 - 1 1 , cdn thfing 2-3 hfing thfing 6-9 cd I m dO I h i p n h i t cQng chfnh id thdi nfim cd l y p n g mu-a t h i p n h i t .
gian cd nhifit dg cao
\'''^'.'M*V Tlltri Tll-T XA AN TIlACn • H, TUV AN
=::..:"i.. J:: =
• « • • • mm • = • = - - - Hinh 1. Dien bien thoi tiet t^i An Th^ch, Tuy AnHinh 2. D i l n b i l n thdi t i l t tgi Xufin Phd, Sdng C l u (2008-2011) (Ngudn; JIRCAS 9/2011)
K i t qua nghien c i i u khoa hgc B V T V - S d 4/2012
2. Anh hu-d-ng ciia cac ydu t d t h a i tiet den s y phat sinh phat trien ciia bo canh c i i n g hai difa
Hfing nfim, t i i thfing 6 d i n thfing 9, khi nhi$t dd trung binh cao han 30°C thi mfit dd bg cfinh Cling hai diia va ty lfi cfiy d i i a bj hgi giam xudng.
Vi du, vfio thfing 9/2008 cd nhidt dd trung binh 33,5''C thi mat dg bg canh ciing lfi 115,6 con/cfiy va ty lfi cay diia bi hgi Ifi 42.0 %. T i i thang 10 den thfing 5 nam sau, khi nhidt dd trung binh
t h i p han 30°C thi mfit dd bg cfinh eiing hgi diia vfi ty lfi cfiy diia bj hgi lfing Idn.Vi dy, vao thang 2/2009 cd nhifit dg trung binh 25,8='C thi mfit dd bg cfinh ciing Ifi 211,4 con/cfiy vfi ty lfi cfiy diia bi hgi tfi 76 % (hinh 3).
N h u vfiy, khl nhifit dd khfing khl qufi cao t l i 30-36,4 "C se khdng thich nghi cho bg cfinh Cling hgi d i i a phfit sinh phfil trien vfi gfiy hgi.
Hinh 3. Diin b i l n m|t d? bg canh cu-ng h^i diia, t;^ 1? cay du-a bj h^i va nhi?t d? trung binh thang (Phu Yen, 2008-2011)
3. A n h hu'ang cua cac y l u t d thd'i t i l t d i n hoat d g n g cua o n g k i s i n h
Tif thfing 6 den thang 10 Ifi thdi gian cd nhifit dd trung binh cao han 30°C va trong cac thfing 10-11 cd m u a to nfin ty Ifi cfiy diia cd OKS dgt r l l I h i p , chang hgn l i i thang 6- 11/2009 khl nhifit dd cao han 3 0 X ghi nhfin ly Id cfiy d i i a cd OKS Ifi 0%. Trong cfic thfing 7-9 khdng tim thfiy OKS ngofii v u d n du-a. T u thfing 12 d i n thfing 5 nSm sau lfi t h d i gian cd nhifit dd trung binh t h i p han 30°C da ghi nhan tren cfiy d i i a cd OKS. Trong cfic thfing 1-3 la Ihdi glan OKS phai trien mgnh, l;^ lfi cfiy d i i a cd
OKS dgt 90%. Day cung lfi thdi gian bo cfinh Cling hai d u a phat t r i l n manh (hinh 4).
Sau miia nfing nam 2008 thi khdng tim thay ong A. hispinarum tren cay diia. Thfing 9/2009 da tha bd sung vfi sau do q u i n t h l A hispinarum phat triln manh trd lai. Gf cfic thfing cd nhiet do cao Ihi ong A. hispinarum khdng phfit triln duac, ching hgn tu- thfing 6-11/2009 khi nhifit dd cao han 30''C thl khdng tim I h l y mummy/efiy diia. De duy tri OKS trong vudn dua, JIRCAS khuyin cao nen tha bd sung ong A. hispinarum vfio nhQ'ng thang n i n g ndng n h i m khac phyc tinh trgng ong A. hispinarum khdng phfil triln du'gc ngofii ddng.
Kit qua nghiSn ciiu khoa hgc BVTV-364/2012
Hinh 4. Dien bien ty 1^ cay dii'a co OKS va nhi^t dg trung binh thang (Phu Yen, 2008-2011)
ND, MUMMY /1.H/CAY X A A N T H A C H - T U V A N
Hinh 5. Diln biln mummies trdn cdy diia vfi nhift dd trung binh thfing (Phu Yfin, 2008-2011)
Lofii Tetrastichus sp. Ifi OKS ban dia, cd ty 1$ cfinh ciing hgi diia Brontispa longissima la lofii
ky sinh khdng cag vfi khdng diu trdn bg cfinh cdn tning nhfip n$i ndn ed t h l nd khdng phai lfi ki
Cling hgi diia. Thdi dilm ong nfiy xuil hifin nhilu chu ciia ong Tetrastichus sp. M$t khfic, lofii ong
nhll cQng ehi dgi 2,5 mummy/cSy (hinh 6). Bg Tetrastichus sp. xult hifin trong vu'dn diia cd thl
Kdl qua nghien c i i u khoa hgc
BVTV-Sd 4/2012
chi ky sinh tren bg cfinh ciing hgi du-a ban dia s u i t x u l t hidn Ihap nfin t i n s u i t x u l t hifin ciia Piesispa reichei. Do lofii Plesispa reichei cd t i n lofii ong Tetrastichus sp. cQng t h i p
Hinh 6. Dien biSn mummies l o i i Tetrastichus sp. trgn cay dCra va nhi^t dp trung binh thSng (PhO Ygn, 2008-2011)
ND VA TL KS
| ^ | | | i | S | | | | | | | | | | | '
Hinh 7. Dien bign ty l# ky sinh/cay dCi-a va nhift dp trung binh thang (Phii Yen, 2008-2011)
Kei qua nghi&n ciiu khoa hgc BVTV-86 4/2012
So lygng mummies trfin cfiy diia chua phin finh miic dd hogt dgng cua OKS. Ty 1$ ky sinh mdl Ifi chi Ildu phin finh miic dg hogt dgng cua OKS vfi nd phy thudc vfio ylu td nhifit dg ciia mfii tru-dng. Kit qui dilu tra cho thiy tJ Ifi ky smh cua OKS biln thifin ty j | thufin vdi sd mummies/cfiy. Khi nhifit dd thip du-d-i 30 °C thi ty lfi ky sinh/cfiy tfing lfin vfi ngirgc Igi (Hinh 7)
Hinh 7 cOng cho thiy ring trong ty nhifin mdi lofii thifin dich chi ky sinh mdt ky chii d mdt ty 1$
nfio dd nhd han 1 vfi trong dilu ki$n cua Phii Yfin thi ty lfi ky sinh ciia A. hispinarum trfin bg
cfinh Cling hgi diia lfi khoing 0,3, kit qua nay phli hgp vdi kit lufin ciia nhilu tfic gia trdn thi gidi (Phgm Vfin Lim, 1995) Vin de d dfiy la lfim thl nfio d l nfing ty lfi ky smh ldn efing cao cfing tdt bfing cfich tgo dilu kifin thfch hgp nhit cho OKS phfit triln d l tfing hogt dOng dfing ky sinh. Bfii hgc nit ra Ifi Ifi phli fip dyng tdng hgp cfic bifin phfip phdng tni (IPIVI) chO" khdng phy thudc rifing re vfio mOt bifin phfip Do dd, vdi vj§c phdng tni bg cfinh ciing hgi diia ta nfin nghidn Cliu kit hgp vific diing OKS A.hispinarum vdi mgt sd bifin phfip khfic.
Thiet bl ghi dn. am do tai vudn dua
K £ T LUAN V A D ^ NGHj 1. Ket luan
- Nhi§t do Ifi ylu Id hgn chi chinh lfim eho OKS khdng thl phfit triln d l khdng chi sy gfiy hai ciia bg cfinh ciing hgi du'a.
- Ong Asecodes hispinarum it cd tfic dyng ky smh, cd thl chiing khdng phai lfi ky sinh chinh ciia lofii bg cfinh ciing hgi du'a tgi Vifit Nam (Asian type) mfi Ifi ky sinh cua bg cfinh cu-ng hgi du-a nhdm Pacific (Pacific type) (Konishi, 2010)
- Ong Tetrastichus sp. xult hi$n r l l ft trong quin thl bg cfinh ciing hgi diia, cd the chiing chi ky sinh lofii bg cfinh ciing hgi diia bin dja
Pieisispa reichei.2. D I nghj
- Nen tiln hfinh nhfin tha OKS Ahispinarum lii thfing 10 din thfing 5 khi nhifit dd thip ban 30 °C,
Chuydn gia JIRCCAS vfi CBKT Chi cyc BVTV Phii Yen kiem tra OKS ngoai ddng
khl dd OKS se cd thl phfit triln mgnh & ngofii ddng.
- Cin tien hfinh nghifin cu-u vific kit hgp dung OKS A.hispinamm v&i mdt sd bi$n phfip khfie nhu- thl thfim OKS nhdng Tetrastichs bmntispae, SLP dyng bg dudi kim Chelisoches variegatus hay phun cfic ehl phim nim nhu" Metarhizium anisopliae ,...
nhfim xfic djnh bi$n phfip quin ly ting hgp tdt nhit ddi vdi bg cfinh ciing hgi diia d* Phii Yfin.
Kit qua gifim djnh cua Dr. Takasu (DH Kyushu) cho thiy trong thfinh phin bg cfinh ciing hgi diia & Phii Yfin cd xult hi$n lofii bg cfinh cu-ng hgi du-a ban dia Piesispa reichei Do dd, cin cin nghifin ctiu cy thl tofii bg cfinh ciing hai diia ban dja nfiy vfi OKS Tetrastichus sp. de ed bi$n phfip quin ly vfi sii dyng chdng tdt han.
TAI LIEU THAM K H A O
1. Roy G. Van Driesche, Thomas S. Bellovre Jr., 1996. efotogfca/confro/, Chapman & Hall Publication.
18
Kfit qua nghien c i i u khoa hgc B V T V - 8 6 4 / 2 0 1 2
2. Al Yamashita, Amporn Winotai, and Keiji Takasu, 2008. Food plants suitable for mass rearing of the coconut hispine beetle Bronsipta longissima. ln:The Recent Status and Perspectives of Food System, Agricultural Environment and Biology, Publication Center of Chungnam National University, 246-249.
3. Kazuhiko Konishi, 2009. Hymenopterous Parasitoids of the Coconut Hispine Beetle - identification and history of introduction. National Agricultural Research Center for Hokkaido Region, Sapporo, Japan
4. Nakamura, S., Konishi, K. & Takasu, K., 2006. invasion ofthe coconut hispine tieetle, Brontispa longissima: Current situation and control measures in Southeast Asia. In Proceedings of mtemational workshop on development of database (APASD) for biological invasion, vol 3. Ed. by Ku
TY, Chiang MY, Taiwan Agricultural Chemicals and Toxic Substance Research Institute, Taichung, Taiwan, Food and Fertilizer Technology Center (FFTC) for the Asia and Pacific Region, Taipei, Taiwan, 1-9.
5. Pham VSn Lam, 1995. Biin phip sinh hQC phong chdng djch hai n6ng nghiip, NXB Ndng nghiip
6. Hassell M.P., 1966. Evaluation of parasite or predator responses J. Anim. Ecol
7. Price PW, 1972 Methods of sampling and analysis for predictive results in the introduction of enlomophagous insects. Entomophaga.
8. Phgm Binh Q u y l n , 1976. D&i sdng cdn trimg, NXB Khoa hgc vfi k? thufit.
Ngay nh§n bdi- 29.3.2012 Phan bien: GS.TS.Pham VSn Lam
N G H I E N C U ' U T I N H D 6 | K H A N G V A H O A T T I N H E N Z Y M E C U A C A C WlAU N A M T H U O C C H I TRICHODERMA P H A N L A P 0 V i E T N A M
S t u d i e s o n T h e A n t a g o n i s m a n d E n z y m e s A c t i v i t y of Trichodertna I s o l a t e s C o l l e c t e d in V i e t n a m
T r i n Thj V a n ' , Tang Thj Anh T h a ' , T r i n Thj Quynh Diep', Truang Phu-dc Thien Hofing', Phgm Thj Bich Nga', Dmh Minh Hiep^, Le Dinh D o n '
Abstract
This work aimed to investigate the antagonism of Trichoderma isolates against Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotium rolfsii, Fusarium spp. and Phytophthora capsici fungus and to evaluate the production of hydrolytic enzymes in invitro. As a result, out of 129 isolates tested there were twenty isolates belonging to seven species of Tnchoderma determined to kill the four phytopathogenic fungi. As many as Trichoderma isolates could prevent effectively Phytophthora capsici and Rhizoctonia solani but less isolates could control Sclerotium rolfsii and Fusanum spp. Based on the enzyme activity of 79 Trichoderma isolates, we found that the antagonism and enzyme activity of each isolate were not related and the difficult to find out an isolate could produce five enzymes studied and could prevent four pathogens challenged. Isolates belonging to the species of T.virens were high effective on pathogenic fungi, therefore they could be used as biological control agents.
Keywords: hydrolytic enzyme, antagonism, Trichoderma
1. Vien Nghien ciiu Cdng ngh$ Sinh hoc vfi Mdi trudng - Tnrong Dai hpc Nong Lam Tp. Hd Chi Minh 2. So Khoa hgc Cong nghg Tp. Ho Chi Mmh
DAT V A N D ^
N i m Trichoderma duac s u dyng d l k i l m sofit q u i n t h l dich hgi tren efie loai cfiy trdng n h l l djnh hay diing trong phan huy c h i t thai hu'u c a giiip cfiy
