Til C H I N H S A C H D E N c u p c SONG
Thi tru'dng dien canh tranh:
Thanh cong va thach thu'c
LE Dtfc ANH-
Sau 2 nam v$n hanh, thi trtfctag phat di$n cgnh tranh (TTPDCT) da dat drfrfc thanh c6ng biffic d^u, nang cao tinh minh bgch, c6ng b i n g trong vifec huy dOng cac ngudn ai$n. Ddng thcrt, dgt hieu qua canh tranh va giam chi phi phat didn cua nha may. Tuy nhi§n, vfin con nhi^u kho khan c i n dtfcfc thao gd, doi hoi khdng chi nganh dien ma ca cac cd quan quan ly nha mide, cac nha hogch dinh cliinh sach quyet liet vao cuoc.
N H C N G THANH CONG BL/CfC DAU Hd Ihd'ng didn Vidt Nam dtfdc chia thanh 3 mien vd lien ke't bdi he thd'ng truyen tai dien 500 KV. Tong cdng sua't dat ngudn dien trong loan he thd'ng nam 2012 id 26.475 MW, tdng cdng sua't kha dung vdo khoang 25.837 MW. Hien nay, TTPDCT dang cd 48 tren tdng sd 102 nha may dien tham gia chdo gia trtfc tid'p trdn thi Irtfdng vdi tdng cdng sua't lap dat 11.947 MW, chid'm 44,4% toan he thd'ng.
Trong dd, miln Bdc cd 16 nha may, mien Trung cd 17 nha mdy vd mien Nam cd 15 nha may. Nam 2013, tong san Itfdng dien thtfc phat ciia cdc nha may nay la 52,86 ty kWh. Trong dd, thiiy dien dat 11,84 ty kWh va nhiet dien la 44,03 ty kWh, chie'm khoang 40,3%
tdng san Itfdng ciia loan he thd'ng didn. Cac nha may cdn lai tham gia thi trtfdng theo hinh thtfc gian lid'p, gom cac nha may thiiy dien da muc tidu, cdc nha may didn BOT, nhiet dien chay dau/than nhap ddt lien va cac nhd may htfdng cd che'dac thu.
Cdc nha may dien trtfc tid'p chao gia chi chie'm 37,8% cdng sua't, nhtfng lai ddng gdp tdi hdn 40% san Itfdng didn nang cho he thd'ng. Ne'u nhtf trtfdc kia, de' gia tdng ldi nhuan, cac nha may didn chi cd mdt each duy nha't la giam chi phi san xua't do gia didn da dtfdc hinh thanh trong cac hdp dong dai han. Nhtfng k l tif khi tham gia thi trtfdng dien, cac nhd may didn cd the tim kie'm ldi nhuan hdn nffa trong chie'n Itfdc chao gia.
Gia chdo trdn thi trtfdng didn tffng gid da dtfdc cdng bd cdng khai tren trang web cua Trung tam Dieu dp He thd'ng dien Qud'c gia, tao dieu kien cho viec minh bach hda chi phi mua didn. Ben canh dd, cac nha may nay van dam bao luan thii cac rdng budc phap ly khac, nhtf dam bao ntfdc ttfdi tidu cho ha du dd'i vdi cac nhd mdy thuy dien khi tham gia thi trtfdng.
Dd'n nay, nhffng lin hidu tich ctfc cua mot thi trtfdng la cd nhieu canh tranh giffa cac nha san xua't didn dang
• Hoc vien Mgan hang I Email [email protected]
dan dtfdc the hien rd. Cac nha may didn tham gia TTPDCT deu chdo gia binh dang, canh tranh ldnh manh, tim cd hdi gia tang ldi nhuan thdng qua chie'n Itfdc hdp ly. Va quan trpng hdn, khi tham gia TTPDCT, he thd'ng didn dtfdc van hanh an loan vdi nguon cung dn dinh. Cu thi, nha may ndo chao gia thd'p hdn se dtfdc huy ddng trtfdc va viec nay dtfdc cfing khai tren website. Dac bidt, gid ph^t didn da the hidn dtfcfc quan he cung - cau. Khi phu tai d nhffng gid cao diem, gia didn ciia thi trtfdng cung cao, song trong gid tha'p diem gia Iai tha'p hdn.
Ddc diem nay da gian tie'p khuyd'n khich nha may didn tang kha nang sdn sang phat dien va cd nhffng chie'n Itfdc chao gia phu hdp de dam bao doanh thu. Thifc te', nhieu nhd may da kinh doanh hidu qua hdn sau khi tham gia TTPDCT. K^t qua cua nam 2013 da ghi nhdn stf thanh cdng btfdc dau ciia TTPDCT, tao ddng Itfc cho stf hinh thanh va phat triln thi trtfdng dien hoan chinh tai Vidl Nam sau nam 202().
CON NHIEU THACH THLfC
Thii nhd't, tff trtfdc tdi nay, vide san xua't, truyen tai, phan phd'i va kinh doanh mua ban dien nang; xua't nhdp khau didn nang; dau ttf va qudn ly vdn ddu ttf cdc dtf dn didn; quan ly, van hdnh, sffa chffa, bao dtfdng, dai tu, cai tao, nang cap thie't bi didn, cdng tnnh dien; thi nghidm didn... deu do Tap dodn Dien Itfc Vi^t Nam (EVN) thtfc hien. EVN sd hffu phin
i^mgii
ldn cdc nguon dien, n^m giff toan bd he thdng dieu dd didn qudc gia, h? thong truyen t^i didn, phdn phdi vd kinh doanh, ke ca didn bdn budn, ban le, didn cho khdch hdng trong cd ntfdc. Cdng ty Mua Ban dien thupc EVN Id ddn vi duy nha't, mua dien cua tat ca cac nhd mdy dien (trong va ngodi EVN) vd bdn dien cho tat ca ede hd tieu thu dien trdn loan qudc. Cd chd^
boat ddng nhtf vdy vffa Id ddc quyen mua, vffa ddc quyen ban, chffa the ggi Id canh tranh theo diing nghia.
Thii hai, thtfc te da chi ra rang, TTPDCT hidn nay chi la Iy thuydt. Cdc nha dau ttf thuy didn nd'u khdng bdn cho EVN thi cung khdng bie't ban cho ai. Cac nha mdy thiiy dien nhd dang phdi ttf dau ttf Itfdi truyin tdi dien dd'n Ian diem da'u nd'i eiia EVN, trong khi le ra EVN phai lam. Ben canh viec dau ttf dd, cac doanh nghiep cdn phdi ttf van hdnh dtfdng day, thay vi ttf tuyen nhan cdng, mua trang bi, cdc thiiy dien nhd thtfdng phai thue chinh cdc cdng ty Itfdi dien cua EVN van hanh vdi gid nhan cdng cao.
Thd ba. khd khdn ve ha tang cdng nghe thdng tin, he Ihd'ng quy tdc, quy dinh cho thi trtfdng, chat Itfdng ngudn nhan Itfc. se la nhffng vd'n de md EVN phai dd'i mdt khi thi diem Ihi trtfdng ban budn didn canh tranh. Dac biet, Iren thi trtfdng bdn budn, cdc ddn vi phan phdi (dd'i vdi EVN Id ede tdng cdng ty phan phd'i di0n) se trtfc tid'p mua budn, thay vi ihdng qua mdt ddn vi mua duy nha't hien nay la Cdng ty Mua Bdn dien. Day la cd hdi, nhtfng cung Id ihach thtfc dd'i vdi cac tdng cdng ty phan phd'i didn. Ben canh dd, cdc ddn vj phan phd'i didn ngodi EVN hodn lodn cd the tham gia mua budn - bdn budn canh tranh trdn thi trtfdng nay, trtfc tid'p canh tranh vdi cdc ddn vi thupc EVN, ne'u dii ndng Itfc.
TIn'f tu. mOt trong nhffng thach thtfc Idn nhd't dd'i vdi ngudn nhdn life hidn cd eua EVN Id vSn cdn thie'u cac nha quan ly gidi, cdc chuydn gia trinh dg cao ve ky thudt - cdng ngh^ d l ttf chu cdng nghe vtfdn tdi nghidn cii\i, cdi tid'n, sdng tao ndng cao hidu qud san xud'l, kinh doanh.
Hi^n gid, chiing ta vSn phai thue ttf vd'n
GAG TRdC KET CAU H* TANG CONG NGH? THONG TIN PHgC v g TTPDCT VIET NAM
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ntfdc ngodi giai quyd't nhidu vtfdng mdc vd quan ly vd cdng nghd mdi, chtfa cd nhffng btfdc dot phd trong ITnh vtfc nghien cu'u trien khai (R&D) va thie'u y ttfdng sdng tao.
Thii ndm, cdc nha mdy didn cd gid thdnh san xua't cao cung bat dau nhdn tha'y irong cupc chdi nay ho khd canh tranh, vi cd thdi diem, cd nha mdy thuy dien chi chao gid ban la 0 ddng hoac 1 dong/kWh. Sd dT cdc nha mdy thiiy dien nay chdo gia gan nhtf bdng 0 vi khi dd, ntfdc tai cac ho chffa ciia ho len cao, ddng nao cung phai xa ntfdc di. Viec ihtfc hien theo huy ddng ciia Trung tam Dieu dd He thd'ng dien Qud'c gia khidn cac nha may nhiet dien khd khan trong van hdnh Id hdi. Hp phai ganh chi phi khoang 2 ty ddng cho mdi Id trong mdt lan khdi dpng lai.
Thii sdu, stf Ihid'u minh bach trong viec cdng bd' gia bdn dien cung Id mdt rdo can ldn dd'i vdi qud trinh hinh thanh mdl thi trtfdng dien canh tranh hoan hao.
Nhtf hien nay, gia ban dien binh quan van chtfa chtfng minh dtfdc he thd'ng gia ban dien thtfc stf ciia EVN.
Gia didn dao ddng, trong tffng gid mdt, nhtf gia gid cao diem khac, tha'p diem khdc, ban ngdy, ban dem khac. Vdi gid bac thang, EVN can chffng minh, vide tang gid bac thang nhtf vay so vdi gia ban le hidn nay Id nhtf the' nao? hach toan gia thanh dien gom nhffng thanh phdn gi?
GIAI PHAP CHO TTPDCT
Mgi Id, can phai minh bach dtfdc gid Ihanh san xuat dien trong khu vtfc ddc quydn. Gia ihdnh san xuat didn hidn nay chtfa dtfdc tinh todn cu the vd can dd'i bii trff dd'i vdi tffng ngudn phdt dien tren he thd'ng khi ma EVN van cdn chiem tdi hdn 70% ngudn phdi ciia todn
anil ForetoM Ki'
TCf CHINH SACH DEN CUQC SONG
he thdng. Ddng thdi, phai minh bach dffdc gia truyen tii va phan phdi dien - khoan cpng thdm khdng nhd vao gia thanh didn khi tdi tay ngtfdi tieu dung. Va khi EVN cdn ddc quyen trong khau truyen tai va phan phd^i didn, thi cdc khoan chi phi do quan Iy yeii kem, hao hut dtfdng truydn, hay Itfdng, thtfdng Ida., ngtfdi tidu diing dien vln phai cong vdo gia dien. Ddc bidt, khdng dtfdc phan bidl ddi xff trong dam phan mua - ban dien vdi ede doi tae, du do la nha may san xuat thupc EVN hay ngoai EVN.
rc.
, LO trinh cai each thi tri^dng di$n Vi$t Nam do BO Cdng TfaiAAig d§ xuaft g6m 4 giai doan: d§'n nam 2010 cho ph^p cac nha d^u trf mide ngoai va trf nhSn (IPP) tham gia san suat dien d^ ban di§n cho EVN; 2010-2014 trf do hoa mOt phSn thi t r r f ^ g ban budn diOn; 2014-2022 trf do hoa hoan toan thi trrfdng ban budn va sau nam 2022 trf do hoa ca thi trrfoTng ban Ie di^n.55
Hai Id, de khdc phuc nhffng han che', EVN da kid'n nghi Bd Cdng Thtfdng, Cue Dieu lid't Dien Itfc bdo cao Thii ttfdng xem xel ihdnh lap Uy ban Dilu tie't Dien Itfc de d^ xua't Chinh phu cdc cd che'chinh sach dieu tie't vd tang ctfdng giam sdt mdt each hieu qua hoat ddng canh tranh trong thi trtfdng dien ndi ridng va thi Irtfdng nang Itfdng ndi chung. Ap dung md hinh Hpi ddng su'a ddi quy dinh thi Irtfdng dien nhtf nhieu ntfdc tren the' gidi dang aji dung, Hpi ddng se dinh ky xem xet kid'n nghi sffa ddi bd sung quy dinh Ihi irtfdng dien, ttf van hoac cd quan kiem loan.
Ba Id. tie'p tuc nghien cffu su'a ddi cac van ban phap ly lidn quan de giai quyd't cac vtfdng mdc phat sinh trong qua trinh van hanh thi Irtfdng didn, nhtf: cac va'n de lien quan dd'n bao dam an ninh he thd'ng trong cac Irtfdng hdp han che' ve Itfdi didn, nhidn lieu, rang budc ve bao dam ddng chay td'i thieu, cap ntfdc ha du cua cdc nhd may Ihiiy didn. Ben canh do, ban hanh, sffa ddi, bd sung cac quy dinh ve thi trtfdng dien, de cdc nhd mdy thiiy didn da muc tidu cd the tham gia thi trtfdng, bao dam iinh minh bach trong viec Iham gia cdc hoat ddng cua thi trtfdng didn trong dieu kidn cac nha may thiiy dien da muc lieu hach loan phu thupc EVN. Ddng thdi, chii Iri phd'i hdp vdi Bd Tai chinh td chffc vide kiem tra cdng Ide Ihanh toan trong thi trtfdng
dien nhdm bao dam quy tiinh thanh todn thtfc hidn theo diing cac quy dinh phdp luat hien hanh...
Bon la, chuan hi cac dieu kidn cin thi^t cho viec hlnh thanh va phdt trien thi trtfdng bdn budn dien canh tranh iheo I9 trinh da dtfdc phd duyet. Trong do: thiet ke thi trtfdng ban budn dien canh tranh tffng btfdc, Ihdn trpng, tren cd sd iham khdo kinh nghiem cua cdc ntfdc iren the gidi, td chffc hdi thao trong ntfdc (cd thi mdi chuyen gia qudc te' cd kinh nghiem) de tim ra dtfde md hinh thi trtfdng phD h ^ vdi dieu kien cua Vidt Nam. Trong giai doan dau ciia thi trtfdng ban budn didn canh tranh, cdc tdng cdng ty didn Itfc se Id cac ddn vi chinh mua budn dien vd co the xem xet bd sung them mdt sd'khach hang sff dung didn ldn tham gia mua budn dien dd tang tinh eanh tranh tren thi trtfdng.
Tid'p tuc nghien cffu chuyen ddi hdp dong mua ban dien cua cac nha mdy dien tham gia trtfc tie'p irdn thi trtfdng dang ky vdi Cdng ty Mua Ban didn sang ky vdi cdc Idng cdng ty dien life, tren ed sd gid mua dien binh quan gia quyen ctia cac tdng cdng ty didn life, bao dam Irang trai diftfc cae ehi phi vd ed mffc Idi nhuan hdp 1^ (tJ sua't ldi nhuan ciia cdc tdng cdng ty dien life ttfdng dtfdng nhau)... Ddng thdi, de bao dam Iinh canh tranh, hieu qua trong thi Irtfdng ban budn didn canh tranh, cac tdng cdng ty didn Itfc thtfc Men mua buon didn tren thi trtfdng didn, ty Ie mua buon dien giao ngay dtfdc tang din theo tiftig btfdc phdi trien cua thi trtfdng.
Nam la, xay dtfng, bd sung vd sSa ddi kip thdi cdc quy trinh htfdng dan thtfc hien eac van ban quy pham phdp luat lidn quan den edng tdc vdn hdnh he thdng dien; nang cap va da'y nhanh phai trien ha lang cdng nghe thdng tin &i phuc vu tdt hdn cho cdng ldc vdn hdnh he Ihdng dien, giam sat thi Irtfdng, nh5t la xay dirng he ihd'ng SCADA/EMS; bio dam phd'i hdp td'i vdi he thd'ng ha tang cong nghe ihdng tin phuc vu Ihi tnfdng dien; tie'p tuc cdng tac ddo tao, nang cao cha't Itfdng nguon nhan lufc cho cdc ddn vj tham gia ihi Irtfdng dien.Q
TAI L i e u THAM KHAO
1. Pham Huygn (2013). Gid dien liep tuc fang - EVN tie'p tuc doc quyin, truy cap tff http://
v.elnamnet.vn/vn/kinh-te/149539/gia-dien-tiep-tuc-tang-evn-van-doc-quyen html ' 2. Thanh Mai (2014). Thi trudng dien cgnh tranh cong hudng nhHu lai ich, truy cap tff http://
hanoimoi.com.vnA'in-tue/Kinh-ie/663713/thi-tmong.phat-dien-canh-tranh-cong-huong-nhieu-loi-ich
