N G H I E N caU-TRAO odi
THACH THOC TRONG PHAT TRIEN DU LICH NHAN VAN THEO m m BEN V O N G TAI VIET NAM
HO THI THU HA*
Phit Mgn du Uch nhin vin tiieo hudng bgn ving dupe dit ra difa trin dcbiihpcvi knib n^m tbifC tgpbit Mgn du Iich tainhOu qudc pa trongibu vuc vi trgn thggidi. Nb$n (fide vgjMt Udn du Uch cd teicfi niu'^m vdi mdi titudng di xuit hign d Vigt Nam khi khai tbic ngudn tiinguygn dulicb tir nhign vi tii nguygn dulfcb nhin vin. Tuy nhign, tixmg ±ifc tg, pbit ttign du Iich nhin vin theo budng bgn vOng (ai Vigt Nam cing dang ddi dign vdi khi nhigu tbicb tbic
Tikhda: Du hch nhin vin; phit ttign bin virng; thich thtrc; quan If nhi nude.
Sustainable devebrpment of humanitarian tourism Is deSned based on lessons andpractical experience in tourism development In many countries in the region and the world. The viewpoint of envtionmentaUy responsible tourism development has emerged in Vietnam wfaen e^oitingnatural, humanitarian tourism resources. However, in reality, the sustainable development of humanitarian tourism in Vietaam is fycnig many challenges.
Key wortls: Humanitarian tourism: sustainable development; challenge; state management
NGAYNH^N: 03/02/2020 NGtePHANBltN,DAlfflGlA; 24/02/2020 NGAYDUY^T: 16/3/2020 LDu lieh nhan vin theo hudng bgn ving nhim thda man cae nhu cau da dang cia Du Hch nhin vin (DLNV) li boat ddng du khich du hch, ed quan tim dgn cie lpi ich lieh gin voi cie ygu td vin hda "di tieh hch s i kinh tg dai ban ttong khi vin bio dam su - van hda, di tich cich mang, khao c6, kign ddng gdp eho bio tdn vi tdn tao eic ngudn tirie; gii tti vin hda tiuygn thong. Ig hdi. vin tii nguygn dd. duy tri dupe su loan ven vg nghg din gian vi eie gii tri vin hda khie; vin hda dg phat trien boat ddng du hch cdng tiinh lao ddng sing tao eua eon ngudi trong tuong lai; cho cdng tic bio vg mpi cd tiig dupe s i dung cho mue dich du heh"'. Uitdng vi gdp phin nang cao mic song cia
DLNV gin vM phit trign ben ving li edng ddng dia phuong.
boat ddng khai tiiic. quin Iy eie gii tri nhin Theo do. phat trien DLNV tiieo hudng vin nhu traygn thfing vin hda. eac ygu to bgn ving phii bio dim kgt hpp chit ehg.
vin hda. van nghe din gian, di tich hch si, hpp ly va hii hda giia kinh td - xi hdi va mdi cieh mang, khao co, kign trie, eic edng ttuong. Ting ttudng kinh te du lieh phai di trinh lao dong sing tao cia con ngudi vi cie
di sin van hda vit thg, phi vit tiie khic * ThS Tmdng Bai hgc Van hda Hd Npi
TAP CHi Q U A N LY N H A NUdC - SO 290 (3/2020) ^
NGHIEN caU-TRAO D d l
ddi vdi thue hign tign bd, edng bing xa hdi vi bio vg mdi trudng linh thd tai cie dia diem du hch vi cie digm lign quan.
Tai Vigt Nam, ehi traong phit trign du lieh ndi ehung. DLNV ndi rigng dang dupe Ding vi Nhi nude quan tim diu tu. Day dupe colli nginh kinh tg mil nhpn khi tigm ning du lieh tai Vigt Nam rit da dang vi phong phi. Tuy nhign. eing nhu eie Unh vue khic. du lieh ndi ehung vi DLNV noi rigng. trong qui trinh phit trign theo budng bgn viing da gap khdng it thich tbic.
2. Nhing thich thiic dit la ttong phit trign du Iich nhin vin theo hudng bgn ving t?i Vigt Nam
Thunhit xu thedd thihda.
Su phit trign cia kinh tg - xa hdi vi qui trinh hpi nhip tao co hpi eho su phit trign tai cie ving mign, khu vue khie nhau. kgo din khoing cich giua mign nui vdi mign xudi, giua nfing thdn vol thinh thi. Chi traong hign dai hda ndng thdn, ving sau.
ving xa di tao ngn nhiing ehuygn bign manh me ngay e i o nhiing khu vire heo lanh.
ving ddng bao dan tdc thigu sfi. Die bigt. tai eie digm du lieh Idn. xu thg dd tM hda di lim thay doi bd mit vi cinh quan ttmg vung. Co sd ha ting mang tinh tign ich cao.
hg thfing cie co sd dich vu ngiy cing tien ngM. Cing vdi dd li eic cong trinh phuc vu boat ddng giai tti, tham quan xuit hign, dip frng nhu eiu tfii da cho du khich.
Tuy nMgn ed thg nhin thiy hg luy khi rd ring eua xu the nay. dd li su bign dang eia ve dep vdn cd m i tao hda da uu dii eho ving du lieh. la nguy ea bi tin phi cia canh quan thien nhign, la su thay thg eupc sdng binh ygn, giiu ban sic bing cudc song dn io, nio nhiet. kgo theo nhidu hiu qua t i idi sSng hign dai. Xu thg dfi thi hda sg khign du hch tit ca eie nai dgu ed ehung mpt dign mao.
trigt tigu tinh die thi. lim mit di sic hip
din rigng. Liu dan, viec tham gia du lieh se tro ngn nhim chin.
Thuhai, xu thg thirong mai hda.
Khi ho?t ddng du lieh chi ehi ttpng den lpi nhuin, quan tim dgn Meu qui kinh tg m i bit chip ca nhiing inh htrdng dgn linh vtrc vin hda, xi hdi. dd li bigu hien cia xu thg thutmg mai hda du hch. Vol tinh chit die thu. du iich li linh vuc mang tinh kinh tg nhigu htm. Tuy nhign. ngudn tii nguygn mi du lieh khai thie de dem lai lpi nhuin lai chi ygu thude linh vtrc vin hda. xi hdi.
Thuong mai hda du hch sd eoi nhe vigc giu gin. bio tdn eic gii tri vin hda traygn thdng.
nhtrng ngt die t h i trong cudc sdng. smh boat cia cu din bin dia. Day li mpt tia ngai lit Idn ddi vol boat ddng quan ly nhi nude vg DLNV. Nd phi vo quy hoach 6 tim cMgn lupc trong phit trien du lieh bgn ving. lim thay ddi tu duy vi Ifii song traygn thfing tfit dep, die bigt li cie quan he xi hpi. Khi tu duy kinh tg thuin tiy thim nhip vao cdng tic quin ly, nMgu gii tri bin sic se hi dinh ddi, lam nghgo din ngudn tii nguygn DLNV vdn li ygu tfi quan trpng trong phit trign bgn viing.
Thiba, bit cap vg chinh sich.
Vai trd eia ehinh sieh ddi vdi su phat Mgn, khai thie, phit huy DLIW theo btriing bgn viing la rat Idn. Thdng qua cac chinb sich phit trign du hch mi nhigu gii tri vin hda dupe tdn vinh vi quang bi, nhigu net vin hda dupe luu gii, bio tdn. Chinh sich hpp ly Vila giip ning cao ddi sdng cia ngtrdi din, via gdp phin thay ddi dien mao eia eic dia phuang lim du hch.
Tuy nhien. ngu chinh sich bat cap se tto thinh rio cin eho su phit trign. diy lii xu thg di Ign cia ngn kinh tg - xi hdi. cing vdi do sg din dgn vigc khai thie can kiet ngudn tai nguygn DLNV. Trong su bit eip cia ehinh sich du Uch, mpt van dg dit ra la sir thigu ddng bd, nhit quin giia cie cip, cie
Q
TAP CHi Q U A N L * N H A NatJC - Sd 290 (3/2020)nginh. Su miu thuin, khie biet giua npi dung vi vigc td chic thuc thi chinh sich. Su quan ligu cia chinh sach so vol ygu eiu vi digu kign thpc USn... Diy li mgt tiiich thie khdng nho trong boat ddng quin ly nhi ntrde vg DLNV theo huong ben viing.
Thutu, ngudn life han chg.
Cing nhu eic linh vue khic, dg phit ttign du hch, trong dd cd DLNV tiieo huong bgn ving, ddi hdi phii cd ngudn lire bio dim cho eic boat ddng cua nd. Trong dd cd ngudn lire tii cM'nh, ngudn nhin luc vi nguon tii nguygn du lieh. Tuy nMgn, thuc tg cho thiy, do vai ttd vi tim quan ttpng cua boat ddng du hch sufit mfit thdi gian dii chua dupe eoi ttpng ding mic ngn sir dau tu cho du hch cdn ban chg. Bgn canh dd, so lupng vi chit lupng ngudn nhin luc du lieh. bao gdm ea ngudn nhin lire lim cfing tic quin ly nhi nude vg du hch chua thtrc su dip ung dupe ygu ciu ngiy cing khd khin, nhieu thich tbic cia boat ddng du lieh. Thich tbic niy ddi hdi su vao cudc cia ci bd miy quin Iy d tit ca eic cip, cae nginh, cie dia phuong vi cie doanh ngMgp, ngudi dan.
3. MOt sfi giii phip dg phit ttign du Ijch nhin vin theo hudng bgn ving
Mdt la, ning eao nhin tbic. trinh dp. ky ning ehuygn mdn eho dpi ngi lanh dao.
quin ly nhi nude vg tii nguygn DLNV.
Dpi ngu linh dao, quin Iy can thay ro vai trd cia ngudn til nguygn DLNV dfii vdi su phit trign kinh tg - xa hpi eua dia phuong; y thie dtrpe trich nhigm ttong viee khai tbic vi phit huy nguon tii nguygn DLNV theo hudng bgn ving. Nim chic dia bin gin vdi ngudn til nguygn cing vai tigm ning khai thie vi phit trign. Dpi ngu ein bd quin ly can dupe bdi dudng eic ky ning ehuyen mdn. ngMgp vu lign quan dgn QLNN vg du Uch ndi ehung, DLNV theo hudng bgn viing ndi rigng, bao gdm cie ky ning efit loi vi eic
N G H | £ N cau-TRAOOdl
ky nang mgm bd tra Theo dd, ein: (1) Phfii hpp vdi cie CO sd dao tao, bdi dudng nhu cac hpc vign, truong dai hpc cd ehuygn nganh vin hda, du Uch, quin ly nhi nude, cie cong ty tu vin dio tao, cie chuong trinh. du in eia tinh, thinh phfi tfi chue eic Idp tip huin, eic idp bdi dudng cho ein bd. edng chic QLNN ve du lieh. die bigt l i ngudn nhin luc niy d cip xa. Uu tien bd tri nhing ngudi ed higu bigt vg linh vuc du Uch. vg van hda bin dia lam edng tie QLNN ve du hch ndi ehung, DLNV ndi rigng. Cin cd du ngudn ein bg ehuygn trich Unh vuc quin ly nhi nude vg du lieh, trong dd cd DLNV theo hudng bgn vtmg tai dia phuong; phdi hpp, kgt hpp vdi cae dia phuong. cie nginh cd lign quan ttong vigc td chue khai tbic, phit huy tiem ning DLNV. (2) Td chic dinh gii dinh ky nang luc. trinh dp ehuygn mdn thfing qua bio eio kgt qui cdng viec cia ci nhan. dan vi quan ly nha nude vg DLNV theo hudng ben virng. Dinh gii dua trgn tigu cM: bio dim muc tigu, bio dim tign dd, ngudn luc hpp ly. hieu ting quin ly dupe phan hdi tot.
Hal li, xiy dtmg. ban hinh va td chic thuc thi ehinh sach, phip luat. Cin quy hoach ngudn tii nguygn DLNV theo hudng chi tipng dgn the manh, ngt die thu eia timg dia bin. timg din tpc. tao su da dang, phong p h i eho ngudn tigm ning vi khai tbic tdi im thg manh sin cd... Chinh sich phii bao dim khuygn khich, huy ddng tip trang ngudn luc, bio tdn vi phat huy dupe nhing gii tri truygn thdng; ning cao chit lupng. hieu qua vi sic canh tranh. tao ddng lue tbic day phit trien kinh tg - xi hdi.
Xiy dung nhdm chinh sach khuygn khich du hch. tao digu kien thuin Ipi cho khich du lieh trong va ngoai nude thdng qua eic chinb sieh bd trp khach du hch; xiy dung bd quy che ddi vdi eic digm du Uch dua tren co sd phip ly mang tinh qudc tg.
TiliP CHi Q U A N Vi N H A NUdC - sd 290 (3/2020)
NGHIEN c a u - T R A O o d i
qufic gia va gin vdi thue trang tai dia bin du lieh; chinh sich thu h i t diu tu ha ting vi he thdng eung ing dieh vu. Xiy dimg thgm cac cbinh sich khuygn khich dau tu khu vuc tu nhin vio cie linh vuc tii nguygn nhin vin cd thg khai thie du hch; chinh sich uu dai die biet ddi vdi eic doanh ngMgp diu tu a nhiing noi cd tiem ning du hch nhung khi nang tigp can han chg. Xiy dimg bd quy chg khu du lieh theo htrdng chit ehg dg lua chpn khich du hch, trinh tinh trang qui tai.
Chinh sieh ting cudng hcip tic ddi tic cong - tu, CO ehg lien ket giia ebitih quygn dia phuang vdi khu vue tu nhin trong tu van hoach dinh chinh sich.
Khuygn khich bing edng eu tai ehinh va hd trp ddl vdi eac md hinh DLNV dupe dinh gii tdt. Ddi vdi cie du in phit trign DLNV cd bleu qua kinh tg, co su tham gia cia cdng ddng cu din ban dia vi dem lai higu qui kinh tg - xa hdi eao, ddng thdi cd trich nhiem vdi mdi trudng, ein cd chinh sieh khuygn khieb, hd tta manh mg bing edng cu tai chinh, bing su uu dii vg co hdi diu tu.
Xay dung ehinh sich phat trign ngudn nhin luc du lieh, dao tao va ehuygn giao ky ning tai chd; thu hit ehuygn gia, nhin tii.
nghe nhan trong vi ngoii nude phuc vu cho dio tao du lieh; ting cudng ehuin hda ky ning, chuong trinh dao tao; day manh tham dinh. edng nhin ky ning; tao dieu kign di ehuyen. ehuygn ddi nghg nghigp; s i dung phi dieh vu vio vigc dio tao va phit trign nhin luc trgn dia bin.
Cin tigp tue khuygn khich phat trien du Uch cdng dong, du Uch homestay dg mang lai nhidu loi ich phit trign kinh tg bgn vung nhit. Bgn canh dd. de bio dam su da dang cia DLNV vi khai tbic. phit huy cd hieu qui, can huy ddng su tham gia cia cie nha nghign ctru, eic nhi tri tbic bin dia, eie nghg nhan vi chinh quygn eip xi trong viee ra soit. dinh gii va gidi thieu tigm ning du
lieh cia dia phuong, cia cdng ddng cie din tpc thigu sd ttgn dia ban.
Ba Ii, ting cudng cfing tic tuygn truygn.
giio ducquangbivgdu lieh. Giaiphapniy giip eho vigc xic tign quang b i dfii vdi tii nguygn du lieh ndi ehung, DLNV ndi rigng dupe higu qui ban. Ting co hdi tigp can thdng tin cho khich du lieh; da dang hda cie Mnh tbic thdng tin du lieh. Huy ddng mpi dfii tuong, mpi kenh thdng tin cho du lieh ndi ehung vi DLNV ndi rigng,
Dg thire Mgn giii phip niy, can xiy dung ttang web chinh thuc cia chinh quygn dia phuang vdi giao dign uu tign cho viee gidi thieu, quing b i vg du hch. Die bigt, can danh ehuyen nang gidi thieu vg tii nguygn DLNV, cu the thdng tin minh hpa tour, tuygn tai dia phtrong... Lign kgt voi eie kgnh thfing tin dai ching nhu Dii Traygn hinh Vigt Nam (VTV), Dai Tigng ndi Vigt Nam (VOV)... gidi tiiigu, quing b i ve DLNV trgn dia bin ed digm DLNV. Phit hinh cim nang du Uch theo mia. Cie bd phin hgn quan chinh sia tdng hpp ngudn thdng tin, can e i vio eie boat ddng vin hda quan trpng, tigp nhin t i cie chuong trinh, boat dpng du Uch, can eu vao thay ddi cie mia trong tu nhign, le tgt d cie edng ddng, eic din tdc dg Men soan xuit bin cie tii ligu thdng tin, dip ing nhu cau cia khach du hehCl
Cbi tiiicb:
1. Khoin 2 Dieu 15 Luit Bu Iich nam 2017.
Tii ligu tbam khio:
1. De tai nghien cuu khoa hpc cua Trudng Dai hpc Van hda Ha Ndi; Binh gii tii nguyen du Iich vin hda cua tinh Hung Yen, 2013.
2. Tigerm the Forest Sustamable Nature-based Tourism in Southeast Asia. Spring Symposium.
2003. Tourism and Biodiversity. Mapping Tourism's Global Footprint
3. Trin Van Thong. Quy hoach du Iich - Nhung van dilyluin vi thuc bin. TP. Hd Chi Minh. NXB Dai hpc Quoc gia, 2005.
TAP CHi Q U A N L* NHA Na<JC - SO 290 (3/2020)
