NGHIEN cuu & UNG DUNG
THIET KE CHE TAO KINH HIEN VI TRONG TO CHOC DAY HOC THEO DlT AN BAI "KINH HIEN Vi" VAT LY L0P11
TrSnThOyHiromg Trudng BH Su phgm Hd Npi ABSTRACT
In order for the teaching of "geometrical optics " to become a good environment for the students to well develop their intelligence and personality through the interaction between the teacher and learning environment, it is necessary to have the supporting tools which are experimental equipment. This article is to introduce the design of experimental equipment, that is " Microscope "
for the curriculum of Physics for 11th grade in High school.
Tie khda: Dgy hpc dir dn, chi tgo kinh hien vi, cdc dung ctf qugng hpc Ngdy nbpn bdi: 19/4/2014, ngdy duypt ddng 25/4/2014
I. Dat vdn de - Kfnh cd cdu tao chdc chdn, de thao lap, Trudc ygu cau cua thdi dai mdi, con ngudi thugn tifn cho vifc thay doi cac vat kinh va thj can cd kien thiic tdng hgp de cd the giai quylt kinh khae nhau.
cac van de trong cugc song, vi vay giao dye - Vat lieu de ehl tao kinh phai don gian, de duong nhien phai hudng den dilu dd. Nhung kiem va gia thanh thdp...
each de din tdi nang lyc tfch hgp, de giao vien - Co the diing Webcam de dua hinh anh thu lam dugc vifc dd cho hgc trd, d l hgc trd ITnh hgi digc ra may tinh hay cac thill bj xii ly hinh anh dugc ede kien thiic tfch hgp thi phai tgo ra dugc khae nhu may chieu, ti vi...va sir dyng cac phan nhihig cdng cy. Vdi dac thii la khoa hgc nghien
cim sy van dgng cua thl gidi vgt chat, vat ly hgc can sir dyng cac cdng cu va phuang tien thich hgp. V§t ly hgc dugc giang dgy d cac trudng pho thdng chu yiu la vgt ly thyc nghiem, tuy nhign
vdi kiln thue phan "Quang hinh hgc" cac bg thi d cac Trudng THPT.
nigm chyp anh qua Webcam de chyp Igi hinh anh can quan sat.
- Kinh hien vi dugc che tgo dugc diing d l phuc vu giang day vat ly, dl diing trong cac bai thyc hanh vat ly va hd trg cho bd mon sinh hgc nghifm chu yeu tap trung vao vifc khao sat cac
hifn tugng khuc xa, phan xa anh sang va khao sdt tinh chat cua lang kfnh, than kfnh mdng....
Khi giang dgy ndi dung kiln thurc "Kfnh hiln vi", "Kfnh thien vSn", "May anh", giao vien va hpc sinh gap nhilu kh6 khan chu yiu la do khdng cd thiet bj dgy hgc. Trong khuon khd bai vilt nay chimg tdi gidi thifu bg thi nghifm "Kfnh hiln vi" do hgc sinh ty thilt k l che tao trong day hgc dy an bai "Kinh hien vi".
2. Bg thf nghifm kinh hiln vi 2.1. Muc tiiu d^t ra
- Kinh hien vi dugc chi tao phai cho dg phdng dgi dgt tdi khoang 500 lan. Cho hinh anh rd net, de quan sat.
2.2. Gidi thipu bp thl nghipm Kinh hiin vi Dudi day la tong quan hinh anh Kinh hien
TAP CHi THlfTBIGlAO Dgc-S<J 105-5/2014 • 29
NGHIEN CUU & CTNG DUNG
6. Chan de
7. Den led
5. Gia do tieu ban
8. Bd ddi nguon
3. Nhirng khd khan gap phai trong quit trinh che tao thiet bi
- Vat kfnh va thi kfnh cDa kinh hiln vi c6 tieu cu khoang vai va vai chyc mm vi v^iy thudng gap khd khan trong vifc tim kiem eac thdu kinh cd tigu cy nhd nhu thg.
- De kinh dugc thilt ke ggn nh? va tham mj thi dudng kfnh ciia hai thau kinh phai nhd ed vai mm. Tuy nhien cac may edt kfnh hifn nay chi c6 the cat cac kinh den dudng kinh khoang 27mm, de kinh cd dudng kfnh nhd ca vai mm thi phai mai tay dieu nay yeu cau ngudi mai kinh phai cd ky thuat mai kfnh de tam ciia kfnh van nhu ban ddu.
- Vat kfnh, thi kfnh cd tieu cy va dudng kfnh
30 • TAP CHi THlA^BI GIAO PgC-Sd 1 0 5 - 5 / 2 0 1 4
NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG nhd do dd ddi hdi do chinh xac cao trong viec
gSn chiing thanh quang hf ddng true.
- Vdi mgt dg dai quang hgc co djnh thudng gap khd khan khi quan sat vat.
- Khi quan sat vat qua cac dung cy quang ndi chung trong dd cd kfnh hiln vi hay ggp phai cac hifn tugng quang sai.
4. Hudng khdc phi^c
- DCing cac thdu kfnh cd tigu cy Idn hon ghgp vdi nhau sg dugc thdu kfnh cd tigu cy nhd hon, khi ghep thdu kinh hdi tu va phan k^ vdi nhau sg t r ^ h dugc hifn tugng quang sai
- Cd thg diing cac oc vft va ong ndi de vtra gan v|it kinh vdi thi kfnh, vira tinh ehinh cho chiing ludn d6ng true khi thay doi khoang each gifia chOng den khi quan sat rd net.
5. K^t luan
Trong dgy hgc theo dy an cac img dyng ky thugt cua vat 1^, mdt dilu rdt quan trgng d l dam bao cho cdc dy an dugc thyc hifn thanh cdng, GV cdn luu y;
- Dy kien trudc cae san phdm can hoan thanh.
- Thilt kl, chg tgo, vgn hanh trudc cac md hinh v§t chdt.
- Thilt k l tiln trinh day hgc theo du an trong dd hgc sinh ddng vai trd la ngudi thiet ke, che tgo va van hanh cac md hinh dd. 0 giai dogn nay GV cdn;
+ Dy kiln trudc cac phuang an thiet kl ma cd the de xuat
-I- Du kiln trudc cac khd khan ma hgc sinh g|ip phai trong qua trinh thiet ke, ehl tgo, van hanh md hinh.
+ Thiet kg bO cau hdi djnh hudng va cac phieu danh gia giiip hgc sinh vugt qua cac khd khan dd d cac mure do khae nhau.
Tai lifu tham khao
1. Pham Xuan Que. Gidng dgy cdc img dung kt thugt trong dgy hpc Vgt ly d tnrdng pho thdng. Thdng bao khoa hoc, trudng DHSP - DHQGHN, thang 03/1997
2. Do Huong Tra. Dgy hpc dt/r dn vd tiin trinh thue hien. Tap chf Giao dye, so 157 (ki 1-3/2007).
3. John W. Thomas, v4 Review of research on Project-based learning. San Rafael, California, 2003.
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HE THONG THANH NGliT, TUC NGUf CO CAC TIT...
(Tiep trang 12}
4. Ket luan
Qua tim hilu mft so khfa cgnh cua trudng nghTa va cac bai tap MRVT theo chu dilm trong SGK, chung tdi nhgn thdy vdn de trudng nghTa va vifc day hgc MRVT theo chii diem cd moi lien hf mat thiet vdi nhau. Van d l trudng nghTa thl hifn tinh hf thong cQa tir vyng. N I U GV TH chu y den moi lien hf giiia trudng nghTa va vifc dgy hgc MRVT theo chii digm d phan mdn LTVC sg giiip HS lam giau von tir mgt each cd hf th6ng. Id - gic. Dong thdi, chung ta cung nhan thdy dugc TNTN ndi chung, TNTN co chiia cac tir ciing trudng nghTa noi rigng nlu dugc sir dyng trong hf thong bai tgp s6 hinh thanh cho HS k j nang doi chieu tir trong hf thdng tir, dat tir trong hf thong lien tudng cimg chii dl, dong nghTa, gdn nghTa, d6ng am, ciing edu tgo,... tire la kT n3ng lign tudng de huy dgng von lir. Nhu vgy cd thl ndi hf thong cac TNTN cd chiia cac tir
ciing trudng nghTa nay la mgt nguon ngii lifu hit siic ly tudng de xay dyng hf thong bai t$p MRVT theo chu dilm trong phan mdn LTVC d Tigu hgc.
Tai lifu tham khao
1. Chu Thj Thuy An (chii bien), Chu Thj Ha Thanh. Dgy hpc luypn tu vd cdu a Tiiu hpc.
NXB Giao dye Vift Nam, 2009.
2. Do Hun Chau. Tie vung ngir nghia tiing Viet. NXB Dai hgc Qude gia Ha Ngi, 1996.
3. Nguygn Lan. Tie diin thdnh ngte vd t\ic ngU Vipt Nam. NXB Van hgc, H.20I4.
4. Dd Thj Kim Lien. 7«c ngd Vipt Nam dimi gdc nhin ngir nghTa - ngir dung. NXB DH Quoc gia, H.2006.
5. Le Phucmg Nga (chii bien). Phuong phdp dgy hpc Tiing Vipt d tiiu hpc (tap 1, 2). NXB DHSP, H.2012.
TAP CHi THlfTBIGlAOOgC-Sd 105-5/2014 • 3f
