NGHIEN CCfU - TRAO D O I
\(rHieT KE CHE TAO VA THU" NGHIEM MAY SAY MLPC
6 N G T H E O NGUYEN LY SAY BOM NHIET K^T HOP H 6 N G NGOAI
DESIGNING, MANUFACTURING AND TESTING OF SQUID DRYER BY COMBINATION OF HEAT PUMP DRYING AND INFRARED RADIATION
Pham Van ToanS Le Anh Dflc^, Nguyfa Thifa Tai^
'Trfldng Dai hpc Lac Hdng
^Trfldng Dai hpc Ndng lam TP. Hd Chi Minh
TOMTAT
Nghien citu dugc thuc hien nhdm tinh toin thilt kevi ehl tgo miy sdy miic theo nguyen lysdy bdm nhilt Idt hdp hong ngogi ning sudt 5 kg/me. Mdy sdy dUdc chi tgo theo kit qud tinh todn ly thuylt.
MUc dugc say thii nghiem tgi bonmUc nhiet do 4lfC, dS'C, 50°C vd 55'C. Kit qud nghien cdu cho thdy, bdm nhilt kit hgp hong ngogi la phUdng phdp sdy miic dng phu hgp tgi nhiet do 5tfC, cho hdm lugng protein sau khi sdy 71,3%, thdi gian sdy 9 gid, toe dii sdy 6,51 %/h vd gid lgi mdu sic mtic tdt nhdt. Kit qud nghiin cdu dd xay diing dugc phUdng trinh dii dodn sUgidm dm cua miic trong qud trinh sdy: W
= 83,89 - 4,346.1 - 0,249.f (R' = 0,99: P < 0,01 f
Tii khoa: MUc ong, sdy bdm nhilt, hong ngogi, thdi gian sdy, dm do.
ABSTRACT
This study was performed to calculate, design, and manufacture of squid dryer with capacity of 5 kg/batch by using a heat pump dryer combined with infrared radiation. The dryer was manufactured according to the results of theoretical calculations. The whole squid samples were dried at four temperatures, respectively at 40°C, 45'C, SO'C, and 55 °C. The result of the research indicated that ittfrared radiation-assisted heat pump drying at temperature of SO °C is the most appropriate method to reach the protein content which was 71,3% after 9 hours drying time, drying rate of 6,51 %/h, and the squid's color was retained better than other samples.
The predicted equation for moisture content of squid versus drying time in the drying process was determined: W= 83,89 - 4,346.t- 0,249.f (R' = 0,99; P < 0,01).
Keywords: Squid, Heat pump dryer. Infrared radiation. Drying time. Moisture.
NGHIEN CLfU - TRAO OOl
l.DATVANDE
Mflc dng la loai thflc phim bifa dflpc Uu thich nhd vao can true thit mem, hfldng vi thpm ngon va cd ham lflpng protein va chat dinh dfldng cao. Tuy nhifa, mflc tfloi cd dp am cao, hon 80% [1], do do can dflpc xfl ly va bao quan nham keo dai thdi gian sfl dung.
MUc khd la thflc pham phd bifa do dS tlfa dflng va thdi gian sfl dung dai. Phflong phap san xuat mflc khd pho bifa la phoi nang va sfl dung phflong phap say Phoi nang la phflong phap tu nhifa sfl dung nang luong mat trdi, nhflng phu thupc nhifa vao thdi tiet va cd the bi hU hdng do thdi gian lam khd dai. Ben canh dd, chat luong cung giam do protein bifa tinh va nhiem biji ban trong qua trinh phoi nang.
PhUflng phap say bdm nhiet, khdng khi ndng cd lpi the la thdi gian say ngan, tuy nhifa, mUc khi tiep xuc vdi khdng khi ndng trong thdi gian dai hoac d nhiet do cao se lam chat lUOng thay doi va dd cflng be mat tang Ifa.
Say hdng ngoai dflPc biet dfa la mdt phflong phap say tdi flu, thu hut nhifa nha khoa hpc nghifa cflu va phat trifa. Viec ket hpp hdng ngoai vdi cac phfldng phap say cho thay, san pham cd chat Iflpng cam quan tdt, giam thdi gian say, tifa thu nang Iflpng d mflc thap.
Nhifa san pham ndng nghiep nhfl nhan [2], chudi [3], khoai tay tdm, ca com cho ket qua tdt khi sfl dung phflong phap nay Trong khi dd, nhifa nghifa cflu ve say mflc [4,5] cung da cho thay ehdt lupng, cam quan tdt khi sfl dung cdc phflong phap say cd ket hpp hdng ngoai.
2. D 6 I T U O N G VA PHUONG P H A P NGHIEN CtJtl
- Phflong phdp tinh todn, thiet ke mdy say ket hpp hdng ngoai 5 kg/me: Dfla trfa cdc tinh chat vat ly cfla mflc, ly thuyet vl truyfa
nhilt, truyfa dm va ly thuylt tinh toan thift 1 mdy say bom nhilt [6,7]. Nhilt dp vi vdn tdc ciSal tdc nhan sdy dupc tinh toan tai nhiet dp SS'Gl
m-
- Phuong phdp chi t?o: Mdy dflpc c tao don chiec theo tflng cum chi tilt difa hinh,;;' Mdt sd chi tiet tilu chuan dfldc chpn mua tt%.
thi trfldng.
- Phfldng phdp do thflc nghiem: Cfci' thdng sd cd thd do trflc tiep nhfl nhiet dp, vjn.
tdc tac nhdn say.., dflpc do dac bang cdc dungcy.
do chuyen dflng, cac thdng sd cdn 1^ dflpc xac dinh thdng qua cac cdng thflc quy ddi.
- Protein la thanh phan hda hpc chu ylu cfla CO thit mflc, chilm khoang 70-80% trpng Iflpng chat khd. Vl vay, protem dfldc dung de danh gia inh hudng cfla che dp say den chat lupng cua mUc. Him lUdng protein xac dinh bang phuong phdp KJELDAH.
- Miu sac cua sin pham say dUpc do bang mdy do miu Minolta CR-200. Mdy do mau hifa thi ba cfldng dp dnh sang phan xa tuai^
flng cac gid tri mau Lab. Sfl thay doi ve mau sac chung dupc thi hifa bang chi sd AE*.
AE* = ^AL*^+Aa*'+Ab*^ (1)
- Vat lieu say: MUc dng sau khi thu hoach dupc xe dpc than loai bd ndi tang, Idt da, rfla sach vi de rao nUdc trfldc khi say Yen cdu dm d6 cua mUc sau khi sdy la 25 ± 1% [8]. Am dp cfla mflc dflpc xic dinh bang phuong phdp tfl sdy
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NGHIEN CIJU-TRAO OO!
3. KET QUA NGHlfiN CUtJ VA THAO LUAN
3.1. Ket qua tinh toan thiet ke va ch^ tao a) Cac so lieu thiet k^ ban d&u
Sii dung cac ket qua tinh toan ly thuyet de thiet ke va che tao may say co nang suSt 5 kg/me. Am dp mUc tnl6c khi say 84%, am do miic say khi say 25 ± 1%.
May s^y hoat dong theo nguyen ly say bdm nhiet ket hdp hong ngoai, hoi Ixlu hoan toan tac nhan say.
b) K^t qua xac dinh nguyen ly Ciiu tao va nguyen ly lam viec cua may
Nguyen ly can tao cua may say bdm nhiet ket hdp hong ngoai difdc trinh bay tren hinh 1.
MUc dildc CO dinh hinh dang bang cac cay xien, sau do dila vao buong say treo len cac thanh treo (4). Dong cxia buong say, cai dat nhiet dp say theo yeu cau, sau do khcfi dpng quat va bdm nhiet tai tu dieu khien (1). Tac nhan say difdc quat ly tam (2) hut qua bp bdm nhiet (7) de tach am va gia nhiet nhcf dan ngiing tu (3) den nhiet dp can thiet va di vao buong say, tai day, tac nhan say tiep xiic v6i vat li$u say de lay am tii vat lieu say. Bile xa tii den hong ngoai chi^u len vat lieu, nung nong vat lieu den nhiet dp yeu can, nitdc trong vat lieu khi dich chuyen ra be mat ngoai vat Ueu va hoa hdi se diidc tac nhan say mang di. Tac nhan say dUdc hoi lUu 100% ve bp bdm nhiet. Khi vat lieu trdng buong say dat am dp yeu cau thi mc* ciia buong say va lay san pham. Cac thong so cua qua trinh say dildc cai dat, hi^n thi va giam sat tii dpng.
Hinh 1. Nguyin ly cdu tao mdy sdy bdm nhiit kSt hap hong ngogi:
1) Bd diiu khiin mdy sdy; 2) Qugt ly tdm; 3) Ddn ngiing tu;
4) Thanh treo vdt lieu sdy; 5) Den hong ngogi;
6) Bo dieu khien hong ngogi; 7) Ddn bay hdi;
8) Ddn ngUng tuphu; 9) Qugt ddn ngUng tuphu; 10) Mdy nen
c) Ket qua tinh toan thiet ke
- Can cii vao nang suat me say, kich thucfc miic:
Chieu dai 210 {±10) mm, chieu rpng 130 (±10) mm, be day 6 (±1) mm va khoi liidng the tich cua miic, ket qua tinh toan da xac dinh dUdc so lUpng ldp say can thiet de chufa 5 kg miic la 116p, phan b6 thanh 03 day, m6i day dupc bo tri each nhau 50 mm, mUc dUdc treo tren gia dcf each nhau 10 mm.
Vat lieu che tao buong say la thep khong gi SS304, day 0,4 mm, khung sat, co ciia md, kich thUcfc cua buong say la: 600 x 400 x 500 mm.
- LUdng am can bay hdi de 5 kg miic tU dp am ban dSu 84%, giam xuong am dp yeu cau 25% la 3,93 kg nU6c. LUu lupng tac nhan say can thiet la 0,019 mVs.
- LUu lUdng can thiet cho qua trinh say, bao gom: Nhiet lUpng lam nong vat lieu say, nhiet can thiet de nU6c trong vat lieu say hoa hdi va cac ton that nhiet trong qua trinh say tong cpng la 243,5 KJ/h. Trong do, ^
NGHIEN CLfU-TRAO D O I -J!
nhiet lUdng do dfa hdng ngoai dUpc tinh todn d l say l i m viec dn dinh, cac thdng sd do dfldc trong - cimg cap trong qua trinh lim ndng vdt lifa den qua trinh say sai sd khdng dang ke so vdi cac kit ; nhiet dp 55°C [6], tren cd sd tinh toan, chpn den qud tinh todn thilt ke. Bd dilu khiln v i gidm sat hdng ngoai cd cdng suat 200 W. qua trinh d^t yeu can.
He thdng bom nhiet cho mdy sdy: Tinh todn cac thdng sd dUa t r l n chu trinh khd, mdi chat lanh la R22, nhiet dp bay hdi: t^ = -10"C, nhiet do ngUng ta: t^ = 70'C. Dfla vao do thi logP-h cfla R22 tra dUflc cac thdng sd cdc diem nut cfla chu trinh lanh, qua do xdc dinh dflpc cdng sudt m i y nen l i 1 HE
- Tong tdn ap cfla mdy say: Trd Iflc cfla mdy say bao gdm trd Iflc ma sdt, trd Iflc cue bd, trd Iflc qua d i n ngflng, d i n bay hoi, qua budng say va trd Iflc qua ldp vat lieu sdy. Tdng trd Iflc l i 1.533 P a
- Can cfl vdo lflu lUang tdc n h t o say vd ton ip cfla mdy say, quat say l i loai quat ly tam cd cdng suat 0,5 HP, sd vdng quay 1.400 vdng/phflt.
Bd tri sdy thdc nghiim:
MUc sau khi danh bat dUpc xe dpc than ' loai bo npi tang, 16t da, rifa sach va de rao nUcic, nang suat me say 1^ 5 kg mUc tUdi. San phSm say dupc thi( nghiem tai bdn miic nhiet dp 40''C, 45 "C, 50°C va 55°C, m6i thi nghiem dUpc lap lai ba ISn, sau 60 phut lay mau mpt lan,
Anh hudng cua nhiet dp say len t6c do giam am cua miic ong:
BN + HN 40 'C BN + HN 45 C B N - H N 5 0 'C BN + HN 55 C
Thoi eian (Ri*)
Hinh 3. Bieu do gidm dm tgi cdc mdc nhiet do khdc nhau
Hinh 2. Mdy sdy bdm nhiet kit hdp hong ngogi Ti£ ket qua tinh toan thiet ke, may say mUc kho theo nguyen ly say bdm nhiet ket hdp hdng ngoai da dUdc che tao va lap rap hoan chinh.
3.2. Ket qua khao nghiem
Ket qua khao nghiem sd bp cho thay, may tU 45°C den SOX.
Thay doi dp am cua mUc trong qua trinh say dupc the hien d hinh 3. Ket qua khao nghiem cho thay, thdi gian say dat am dp yeu can 25%
cua miic tai cac miic nhiet dp 40''C, 45''C, 50"C va 55 °C lan lUpt la 18,15, 9 va 7 gici.
Thcfi gian say cua phUdng phap say bdm nhiet ket hpp hong ngoai giam khi nhiet dp say tang. Tai mUc nhiet dp SOX va 55°C thdi gian say giam, tuy nhien, kh6ng nhanh nhU giai doan
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^ 1. Thdi gian say vd tdc dd sdy tai cdc mdc nhiit do khdc nhau:
Nhiet dp say Thdi gian say (h) Tdc dp say (%/h)
40°C 18,0 3,24
45°C 15,0 3,89
50°C 9,0 6,51
55°C 7,0 8,42 Anh hUcing cac nhi^t dp say len ham lUdng protein cua mUc ong:
Ham lupng protein sau khi say bang phUdng phap say bdm nhiet ket hop hong ngoai 6 cac miJc nhi^t dp 40°C, 45X, SOX va 55X lan liidt la 72,2%, 72,6%, 71,3% va 66,3% dUpc xac dinh bang phUOng phap KJELDAH. Ket qua cho thay, nhiet do say anh hu6ng len ham lUpng protein cua miic, tuy nhien, mile do thay doi protein tai cac miic nhiet dp khac nhau la thap va chUa ro rang. Nhflng thay doi ve ham lUdng va rniic do bien tinh ciia protein can dUdc nghien citu va so sanh them.
Bdng 2. Hdm lUdngprotein tgi cdc mdc nhiit do sdy khdc nhau:
Nhiet dp say Protein (%)
40°C 72,2"
45°C 72,6"
50°C 71,3"
55°C 66,3'' Cac gia tri cd ky hieu chU khac nhau: Khac biet co y nghia d mUc y nghia 0,05.
70 • 60 - 50 • 40 - 30 • 20 - 10 -
40°C 45'C 50»C 55=C Nhiet d o say
Hinh 4. Bieu do so sinh him lUdngprotein tai cic mdc nhiet do sdy khdc nhau
Anh hfldng cfla cac phflong phdp lin chat Iflpng cam quan cua mflc dng:
Hinh 5, cho thdy sfl thay ddi mau sac cua mflc tai cdc mflc nhilt dd 40'C, 45'C, 50°C vd 55
"C sau khi say Cac gid tri AL*, Aa* v i Ah* la gia tri m i u cua L*, a* va b* trfl cho gia tri mau mflc tfloi ban dau. Kit q u i cho thay, gid tri L» giim va gia tri a*, b* tang trong tdt ca cac m i u mflc say dilu n i y cho thay s t o phdm se tdi mau v i vang hfln sau khi sdy. Gid tri AL* tang khdng ddng diu, tai nhiet dp 50°C cd gid tri thdp hon so vdi nhilt dp 45°C, tuy nhiln, gid tri L* khdng anh hudng nhilu len san phdm sau khi l i m khd [5]. Trong khi gii tri a* va b* tang khi nhiet dp say tang, dieu nay chflng td
nhilt dp say anh hfldng len m i u sac cfla sdn pham. "•
NGHIEN CO'U - T R A O D C I
Danh gia cam quan, tai miic nhiet dp SSX cho thgy, bg mat mUc ciing va co nhieu vet mit hdn so vdi cac m^u mUc con lai. Tai miic nhiet dp 45 X va SOX, san phSm miic sau khi sSy kh6ng co sii khac biet nhieu ve m^u sac.
Bdns 3. Gid trj mdu tgi cdc mdc nhiet dd sdy khdc nhau: ] :'
Nliiet do say 40''C 45 °C 50 "C 55 °C
L*
38,70"
36,50"
36,89' 36,02"
a*
5,33' 6,92' 7,10' 9,84'
b*
13,03=
12,50«
13,686 15,01'
AE*
21,92'' 22,76' 23,71' 26,36' Cflc^a tri cd ky hieu chd khdc nhau: Khdc biet cd y nghia d mdc y nghia 0,0S
0 Nliiet dosay 40°C BNluetdObav4'; C DNhietdosav 10 C SNliiel doba> ^i c
I
•
l l
i l i
Aa* Ab*
Cac thi nghiem
Hmh 5. Bieu dd so sdnh anh hudng cda nhiet do len miu sac cua miic
3.3. Xay dflng phfldng trinh ly thuylt dfl dodn qua trinh giam am
Can cfl vao sd lieu thflc nghilm, kit qua xay dflng phflong trinh dfl doto sfl giam am W (%) theo thdi gian sdy t (h) trong qud trinh sdy mflc tai nhilt dp 50"C cd dang da thflc nhfl sau:
W = 83,89 - 4,346.t - 0,249.t^ (R^ = 0,99; P < 0,01).
Kit q u i phan tich bing dd thi nhfl trln hinh 5, khi so sdnh gifla gid tri thflc nghiem v i gid trf dfl doan bdng phflong trinh dfl dodn qud trinh gidm dm cfla mflc dang bac hai da cho thay cd sfl phii hdp gifla thflc nghilm va dfl doto vdi he sd tflong quan R^ = 0,99; P^„, < 0,01.
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NGHIEN CLfU-TRAO OOl
4. KET LUAN
Tren cd sd ly thuyet va thUc tiin, ke thUa cac ket qua nghien cUu trong va ngoai nUcfc ve che dp say, khoang each hong ngoai, nghien ciiu da tinh toan thiet ke va che tao may say miic kho theo nguyen ly say bdm nhiet ket hdp hong ngoai v6i nang suat 5 kg/me. Ket qua say thii nghiem cho thay may hoat dpng tot, phu hpp vdi cac ket qua tinh toan thiet ke.
PhUdng phap say bdm nhiet ket hdp hong ngoai d che dp 50 ° C, cho thcfi gian say 9 gic* dat am dp theo yeu cau. Ket qua xet nghiem cho ham lUdng prdtein la 71,3%, san pham mUc sau khi say cho chat lUdng mau sac va cam quan tot hdn so v6i mau say mUc nhiet dp 5 5 X .
Ket qua nghien ciiu da xay dUng dUdc phuong trinh dU doan qua trinh giam am cua mUc tai miic nhiet dp SOX. Qua van hanh va ket qua xif ly so lieu thUc nghiem da cho thay, say bdm nhiet ket hpp hdng ngoai la phUdng phap phu hdp de say mUc, dap iing cac chi tieu kinh te va ky thuat. •
Ngay nhan bai: 12/3/2016 Ngay phan bien: 20/4/2016
Tai li^u tham khao:
[1]. Kang T. H., Hong H. K., leon H. Y, Han C. S., lOU. Drying characteristics of squids according to far infrared and heated air drying conditions. J. ofBiosystemsEng, Vol. 36, No.2,109- 115.
[2]. Nathakaranakule A., Jaiboon P.. Soponronnarit S., 2010. Par-infrared radition assisted drying of longan fruit.
Journal of Food Engineering, 100 (4), 662 - 668.
[3]. Pan Z., Shih C, Tara H. M., Hirschberg E., 2008. Study of banana dehydration using sequential infrared radition heating and freeze-drying. Food Science and Technology 41,1944 - 1951.
[4]. Chen H., Zhang M., Fang Z. and Wang Y., 2013. Effects of different drying methods on the quality of squid cubes. Drying Technology, 31,1911-1918.
[5]. Wang Y, Zhang M., Mujumdar A.S., Chen H., 2014. Drying and quality characteristics of shredded squid in an infrared-assisted convective dryer. Drying Technology, 32:1828 - 1839.
[6]. Pan Z., and Atungulu G.G., 2010. Infrared heating for food and agricultural processing [7\. Tran Van Phii (2008); Ky thuat say NXB. Giao due.
[8]. TCVN 5651-1992; Tieu chuan Viet Nam ve mUc khd xudt khdu, Tong cue Tieu chuan Do lu6ng Chat lUpng tham dinh, Bp Khoa hpc va Cong nghe cong bo.
