KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
THIJC TRAIXIG DICH CUHi GIA CAIVI TAI
THAIMH PHO HAi PHOIXIG GIAI DOAIV 2 0 1 2 - 2 0 1 8
Dd Thi Van GiangS Dd Thi Van Huong^, Vii Thi Anh Huydn' TOMTAT
Tien hanh tdng hop tinh hinh dich cum gia cdm va xay dung ban do dich te cua benh tai thanh phd Hai Phdng giai doan 2012 - 2018, ket qua tong hop cho ihay dich benh xay ra trong 4/7 nam dieu tra voi chung vinit gay benh thugc 02 subtyp H5N1 va H5N6. Dich ciim gia cdm (CGC) xay ra voi quy mo ldn vao nam 2012 tai 18 xa/phudng thudc 8 quan/huyen ghi nhan 94.927 gia cam mdc benh, ch6t va tieu huy. Benh ciim gia cam xay ra chu yeu tren dan vit cua dia phuong (83,67%). Benh xay ra quanh nam nhung tap trung chu yeu vao vu he - ihu. Thanh pho Hai Phong can chii Irong hon den cong tac tiem phong nhdm khdng che dich benh.
Tir kh6a: Benh ciim gia cam, ban dd dich ti, ga, vit, Hii Phong.
l.flATVANDE
Benh ciim gia cam (CGC) xuat hien tai Viet Nam vao cuoi nam 2003, khi do nganh chan nuoi gia cam cua nuoc ta chu yen theo phuang thirc nong hp nho le nen qua trinh kiem soat va khong ch^ dich benh cue ky kho khan lam cho benh lay lan r^t nhanh, gay thiet hai Ion den nganh chan nuoi.
Benh do virus thuoc ho Orthomyxoviridae, type A vol nhieu phan type khac nhau gay nen. Ve ban chat virus ciim la virus ARN voi bp gen gom: 8 phan doan ma hoa cho 10 loai protein khac nhau (Alexander, 1993; Ito va Kawaoka, 1998).
Theo Fuller va ctv (2015), virus a i m gia cam la mot trong nhung m4m benh nguy hiem gay benh cho ca con ngiroi, no cung gay thiet hai dang ke cho nganh chSn nu6i gia cam tren toan the gim. Vcri nhiing tinh chat nguy hiem cua benh. To chtrc Thii y Th^ gioi (OIE) xep benh vao Bang A - Bang danh muc cac b6nh truyen nhilm nguy hiem nhat (Cue Thiiy, 2004).
Hai Phong la trung tam cong nghiep, cang bien, dong thoi cung la trung tam kinh te, van hoa, y te, giao due, khoa hpe, thuong mai va cong nghe eua viing duyen hai Bic bo. Hai Phong la do thi loai I, la mpt trong 5 thanh pho true thuoc Trung irong tai Viet Nam, co m6t mat giap bien. Viec van chuydn, buon ban dpng vat va san pham dpng vat di^n ra het ' Tnrcmg Cao dSng Kinh le - Ky Thuat, Dai hoc Thai Nguyen
"Trucmg Dai hpc Khoa hoc. Dai hoc Thai Nguyen Email: vangiang208@gniail com
siic phirc tap la nguyen nhan ca ban dan den benh ctim gia cam lay lan va co dien bi^n phuc tap tai Hai Phong.
Tir nhimg yeu can cap thiet cua viec khdng che dich benh tai thanh pho Hai Phong, viee xae dinh
"Thuc tiang dich cum gia cam tai thinh phd Hal Phdng giai doan 2012-2018" duoc thirc hien.
2. NOI DUNG VA PHUDNG PHAP NGHBI GUU 2.1. vat lieu nghien cixu
- So Ueu ciim gia cam tai cac dia phuong do Chi cue Chan nuoi va Thii y thanh phd Hai Phong cung cap.
- P h ^ mem Mapinfor 11.0 de xay dung ban do dich ih.
2.2. Npi dimg nghien cmi
Xac dinh su phan bo benh cum gia ckvn tai cac quan, huyen ciia thanh phd Hai Phong tir nam 2012 - 2018, tir do xay dimg ban d6 djch t l eua benh; xae dmh ty le gia etoi mac benh, chet va tieu hiiy trong eac nam dilu tra; xac dinh ty le m^c cum theo loai gia cAm; xac dinh ty le gia c^m mac benh, chet va tieu huy theo miia vu tai cac dia phuong eo dich.
2.3. Phtrong phap nghidn ctru
- Phuong phap dilu tra dich tl hpe hoi ciru, dira vao sd Ueu cae d dieh ciim gia cam dupc ghi chep chi het din cap xa do Chi cue Chan nuoi va Thu y thanh phd Hai Phong eung cap; sd heu tdng dan gia cdm ke thira sd Ueu eua Tdng cue Thdng ke giai doan 2012 - 2018.
- Sd heu duoc xir ly theo phuang phap thdng ke NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 7/2020 73
smh hge (Nguyin Van Thien, 2008).
- Tren ea so' dii lieu thu duoc xay dung ban dd dich t l benh ciim gia cim tai Hai Phdng hang he thong thdng tin dia ly (GIS-Oographic Information System), ti-en phan mim Mapinfor 11.0.
3. KET QUA VA THAD LUAN
3.1. Sir phan bd b^nh a i m gia cam tai Hai Phong giai do^n 2012 - 2018
Tiln hanh tdng hop cac dia phuang xay ra dich cum gia cdm trong tat ca cac nam dilu tra, kit qua diroc trinh bay trong bang 1.
Ket qua bang 1 cho thay, ti-ong 7 nam dieu tra (2012 - 2018) tai thanh phd Hai Phdng, dich cum gia cdm xay ra ti-ong 4 nam la 2012. 2013. 2015 va 2018, Trong cac nam co dich aim gia cdm. dich xuat hien o' 1 - 8 quan/huyen. Dich ciim gia cam xay ra ti-en dien rpng vao nam 2012 vdi 8 quan/huyen ghi nhan gia cdm mdc benh, chet va tieu huy do ciim. Cd 7 quan/huyen khong th^y xuat hien dich a i m tren dan gia cdm trong tat ca cac nam dilu tra. do la: quan Do San, Hai An, Hdng Bang, Le Chan, Ngo Quyin.
huyen dao Bach Long Vi va huyen dao Cat Hai.
Dja phuang dilu tra (quan, huyen) Do San Duong Kinh Hai An Hdng Bang Kiln An Le Chan Ng6 Quyin An Duong An Lao Kien Thuy Bach Long Vi Cat Hai Thuy Nguyen Tien Lang Vinh Bao
Sd dia phirong cd dich 2012
+
+
+ + +
+ + + 8
2013
+
+ 2
Nam dilu tra 2014
0 2015
+
1 2016
0 2017
0 2018
+ +
2
S6 nam xav ra dich CGC
0 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 3 1 0 0 1 2 2 Ghi chii: + la co dich cum gia cim: - la khong cd dich cum gia cam
Tinh hinh dich ciim gia c4m qua cac nam tai ^ich tS cua benh trong timg niim co dich va ban do thanh pho Hai Phong duoc the hien ro qua ban dfi dich ciim gia cam tdng hop giai doan 2012 - 2018.
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N O N G NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN N O N G THON - KY I - THANG 0 2 0
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
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Hinh 5. Ban 66 t6ng hpp dich ciim gia c ^ lai Hai Phong giai doan 2012 - 2018
N O N G NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN N O N G THON - KY 1 - THANG 7 / 2 0 2 0 75
3.2. Dien bign tmh hinh dich a i m gia cam t£ii th^nh phd Hai Ph6ng giai doan 2012 - 2018
Ket qua b bang 2 cho thay: trong giai doan 2012 - 2018, dich ciim gia cdm da xay ra tai 47 ho gia dinh thuoe 26 phuang, xa tren dia ban 13 quan/huyen; ghi nhan 123.166 gia cam chet va tieu buy do ciim. Rieng
nam 2012, dich a i m gia cdm xay ra tren dien rong nhat (36 ho gia dinh thuoc 18 phuang. xa voi 94.927 gia cam mdc benh phai tieu hiiy). Giai doan 2013 - 2018, dieh a i m gia cdm v^n tilp tuc xay ra tren dia ban thanh pho Hai Phong voi quy mo nho le ban vao cac nam 2013, 2015 va 2018.
Nam
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Tinh chung
Tong dan gia cam
(con) 6.606.700 7.083.000 7.389.900 7.579.200 7.646.400 7.850.000 7.988.600 52.143.800
Sfi luot quan, huyen
CO dich 8 2 0 1 0 0 2 13
So luot phudng, xa co
dich 18
2 0 2 0 0 4 26
So luot hg CO dich
36 2 0 2 0 0 7 47
Sd gia cam chet va tieu huy do ciim So gia cam
(con) 94.927 6.102 0 2800
0 0 19.337 123.166
Tyle
(%)
1,44 0,09 0,00 0,04 0.00 0,00 0,24 0,24 Dieh ciim gia cam phat smh tai thanh pho Hai
Phong trong giai doan 2012-2018 chu yeu tren dan vit, nguyen nhan deu do con giong nhap v l nuoi khong ro nguon goc xuat xii, chat luong eon giong kem, khong dam bao tieu chuan lam gidng duoc dua vao nuoi, sue d l khang ylu, nguy ca mang mdm benh; dan gia cam khong dupc tiem phdng dii so mui theo quy dinh, chua du thdi gian sinh miln dich dat ty 1^ bao ho. (Bao cao tong kit cong tac thii y cua Chi cue Chan nuoi va Thu y thanh phd Hai Phong, 2013).
So di ti-ong cac nam 2013 - 2018 dich xay ra vai quy mo nho le hon la do Ban chi dao phong chdng dich cua tinh cung nhu co sd kip thoi h i ti-o v l nhan lire, vat hr, hda ehat xu ly d dieh cung nhu vaccine tiem phong bao vay dap dich. Ddng thoi, thanh phd Bang 3. Ty 16 mac b6nh a i m theo loai gia
Hai Phdng da bam sat eae van ban ehi dao ciia Thii tuong Chinh phii. Bo Nong nghiep va PTNT, Cue Thli y trong xu ly 6 dich cung nhu thuc hien co che hd trg ddi vdi vat nuoi bi thiet hai do thien tai, dich benh. Vi vay, cong tac xu ly d dich, hd tra thiet hai cho ngudi chan nuoi duoc thuc hien diing qui dinh, dung ddi tuong va ed hieu qua. Dilu nay da khuyin khich nguoi chan nuoi kip thoi khai bao khi cd dich xay ra.
3.3. Ty 1§ m^c b | n h a i m theo lo^i gia cdm Gidng, loai cd anh hudng den ty le nhiem benh va ty le nhilm benh cum gia cam ndi rieng. Kit qua dilu ti-a cho thay ty le mdc benh a i m phu thupc theo loai gia cdm ed tai Hai Phdng; giai doan 2012 - 2018 benh chi xay ra tren ga, vit, ngan va ngdng, trong dd vit nhilm benh voi ty le cao.
cdm tai Hai Phdng giai doan 2012 - 2018 Nam
2012 2013 2015 2018 Tong
Tong so gia cdm mac ciim
(con) 94927 6102 2800 19.337 123.166
Ga So con mdc (con) 2926 0 2800 10.187 15.913
Tyle
(«
3,08 0,00 100 52.68 12,92
Vit S6 con mdc (con) 90195 6102
0 6750 103.047
Tyle
(%)
95,02 100 0,00 34,91 83,67
Ngan, ngong Sfi con mac 1 Ty le
(con) ' (%) 1806 ^ T s r
0 ' n,on 0 II (¥1 2400 r . 4 j 4.206 , • i 4 , H
76 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 2020
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
Ket qua a bang 3 cho thay, Ioai gia cdm khac nhau thi ty le mac b^nh ciing khac nhau. Tat ca cac loai gia cdm diu cd kha nang cam nhilm vdi virus aim gia cdm, tuy nhi^n, trong cac nSm dilu tra tai thanh phd Hai Phong khong thay benh xuat hien trfin cac loai chim nuoi (bl cau, eiit...) ma chi xudt hien tren dan ga, vit, ngan va ngdng. Sd luang vit mdc benh ciim chiem ty le cao nhat (83,67%), sau dd den ga (12,92%) va thap nhat la b ngan, ngdng (3,41%).
Tran Van Phiic (2015) da nghien cuu vl benh ciim gia cam tai Thai Nguyen, theo dd tat ea eac loai gia cdm diu cd kha nang cam nhilm vdi virus aim gia cam, trong do ga mdc benh vdi ty le cao nhat (71,71%), tiep den la vit (24,34%), cae loai gia cdm
mdc benh thdp nhat (3,95%). Ket qua nghien euu nay cho thay ty le nhilm aim gia cdm tai Hai Phdng xay ra chu yeu tren dan vit, nguyen nhan cd the la do dan vit khong dugc tiem phdng du sd miii theo quy dinh, ngoai ra viee nuoi gdi dan hen tue voi quy mo ldn, dien tich chan tha hep, mat do chan nuoi cao, khong dam bao dilu kien ve sinh thu y, lam giam siit sue de khang cua dan vit, tao dilu kien cho dich aim gia cdm phat smb.
3.4. Ty le mdc b$nh a i m gia cdm theo mua Mua vu la ylu td dupc rat nhilu nha dich t l hgc quan tam, duoc coi la yeu td stress khien benh dich phat sinh. D l hieu ro ban vl dac diem dich tl ciia benh aim gia cdm, dilu tra ty le mdc benh ciim dieo miia vu diroc the hien qua bang 4.
khac nhu ngan, ngong, chim bd cau va chim a i t ty le
Bang 4. Ty Ife gia cam mdc benh, ch^t vA tifeu huy do a i m gia cdm t ^ Hai Phong nam 2012 - 2018 theo miia vu Nam CO
dich 2012 2013 2015 2018 Tinh chung
Miiavu Dong -xuan
He - thu Dfing - xuan
He - thu Dfing - xuan
He - thu Dong -xuan
He - thu Dong -xuan
He - thu
Tong so gia cam mdc benh trong
nam 94.927
6102 2.800 19.337 123.166
So gia cdm mdc benh theo miia So con (con)
19.787 75.140 6102
0 2.800
0 3.000 16337 31.689 91.477
Ty le (%) 20,84 79,16 100 0,00 100 0,00 15,51 84,49 25,73 74,27 Trong nhung nam cd dich a i m gia cdm tai Hai
Phdng, dieh chu yen xay ra vao vu he - thu (74,27%).
Dilu nay cd the la do benh a i m gia cdm tai Hai Phdng chu yen xay ra tren dan vit (ty 1& vit nhilm benh ehiem toi 83,67% so vdi ga, ngan, ngdng), trong khi dd vu he - thu la thich hop nhat trong nam d l nuoi vit nen dich aim gia cam da xay ra chu yeu tren dan vit cua dja phuong.
Ket qua dilu tra nay khae vdi ket qua nghien cuu cua cac tac gia tai cac dia phuang khac: Nguyin Thi Dang (2010) cho biet, tai Bdc Ninh giai doan 2004 - 2009 cd 97,77% sd gia cdm mac benh vao vu dong - xuan; Tran Thi Tnic (2013), nghien ciru dac dilm dieh t l benh ciim gia cdm tai Bdc Giang giai doan 2004 - 2013 cho thdy tai Bde Giang, dieh ciim gia cam xay ra df ca 2 vu dong - xuan va he - thu, nhung chii yeu la vu dong - xuan (63,6%).
4 . KET LUAN
Dich a i m gia cdm tai thanh phd Hai Phdng dien biln kha phuc tap trong 7 nam nghien cuu (2012 - 2018). Ty le mdc benh aim thay ddi theo loai gia cam, trong dd cao nhat dvit (83,67%). Benh cum gia cdm xay ra quanh nam tai Hai Phdng nhung tap trung chu ylu vao vu he - thu. Da xay dung dugc ban dd dieh t l cua dich ciim gia cam trong cac nam cd dich tai Hai Phdng, qua dd xac dinh duge cae dia phuong cd nguy ca biing phat dieh benh cao.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Alexander D. J. (1993). Oiibomyxovirus Infections. Viral Infections of Vertebrates, III: 277-16.
2. Chi cue Chan nuoi va Thii y thanh phd Hai Phdng (cac nam 2012 - 2018). Bao eao tdng kit cdng tac chan nudi vi thii y tiing nim (giai doan 2012 - 2018).
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 7/2020 77
Blackwell Sciences Ltd, Oxford, United l^ngdom, Pp 126-36.
7. Trdn Van Phuc (2015). Nghien cuu mot so dac diem dich te, sir luu hanh ciia virus ciim gia cim va hieu qui sir dung vaccine H5\l trong thuc dia tai tinh Thii Nguyen. Luan van Thac si Nong nghiSp, Dai hoc Thai Nguyen.
8. Nguyen Van Thien (2015). Phuong phip nghien cuu trong chan nuoi NXB Nong nghiep, 2008.
9. Trdn Thi Tnic (2013). Nghien cm mot sd dac diem dich ti va bien ddi benh ly cia benh cum gia cam type A/H5N1 tai tinh Bic Giang. Luan van Thac si Nong nghiep, Dai hoc Thai Nguyen.
3. Cue Thu y (2004). Bdnh cum & gia cim vi bidn phip phong chdng. NXB Nong nghiep.
4. NguySn Thi Dang (2010). Nghien cuu mot sd dac diem dich td, sir liru hanh cua benh cum gia cim va hieu qua sir dung vaccine trong thuc dia tinh Bic Nmh. Luan van Thac si Nong nghiep, Dai hoc Thai Nguyen.
5. Fuller T. L, Ducatez M. F., Njabo K. Y., Couacy-Hymann E., Chasar A., Aplogan G. L, Lao S., Awoume F., Tehou A., Langeois Q., Krauss S. and Smith T. B. (2015). "Avian influenza surveillance in Central and West Africa, 2010-2014". Epidemiol Lnfect, 143(10): 2205-12.
6. K. G. Nicholson. R. G. Webster and A. J. Hay, Ito T. and Kawaoka Y. (1998). Textbook of influenza
SITUATION OF AVIAN INFLUENZA AT HAI PHONG CITY IN THE PERIOD 2012-2018 Do Thi Van Giang, Do Thi Van Huong, Vu Thi Anh Huyen
Summary
Conduct was reviewed the situation of Avian influenza and mapping of disease epidemiology in Hai Phong city in the penod 2012 - 2018, aggregate results showed that disease occurred in 4 out of 7 years investigaUon with virus strain of 02 subtyp H5N1 and H5N6. The avian influenza disease occurred on a large scale in 2012 in 18 coinmunes/wards of 8 distncts recorded 94.927 poultry disease, death, and destruction. Avian influenza disease occurred mainly in local ducks (83.67%). The disease occurred throughout the year but focused primarily on a summer - autumn crop. Hai Phong city should pay more attention to the vaccinaUon to control the disease.
Keywords; Vie Avian inHtteaza, the epidenvology map, chicken, duck. Hai i-'liong city.
NgirM phin bi^n: GS.TS. NguySn Thi Kim Lan Ngay nhan bai: 4/5/2020
Ngiy thang qua phta bi«n: 5/6/2020 Ngiy duyet ding: 12/6/2020
78 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 7/2020
