tir VA DO

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AIMH HU01VG CLIA IXIOIVG DO S A T T R O I V G DUIXIG afCH OEIXI TilXIH TRAIXIG IVGO DOC S A T CIJA B GIOIMG LlJA

IR 5 0 4 0 4 V A OIVI 5 4 5 1

Truong Minh Ngpc^ VO Dinh Quang^

T6MTAT

Doc sat la mot trong nhiing yeu td han che chinh trong canh tac liia tren d^t phen. Trong dieu kien tu nhifen rat kho de tach biet giira doc sdt, doc luu huynh va tinh trang thieu dinh dirong. Mot thi nghiem ti^n hanh trong dung dich se cho phep tach biet tac hai cua cac nong do s^t ddi vdi lua. Nghi&n curu dupe thuc hien tren 2 gidng liia IR 50404 va OM 5451, moi truong dinh duong Yoshida etal (1976) + 0,2%

agar. Doc sat Fe^* dupe bd sung dudi dang FeSO.,.7H20 vdi cac nong do 0 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm, 200 ppm, 300 ppm va 400 ppm. Dinh ky 3 ngay thay dung dich 1 Idn, thi nghiem dupe thuc hi$n dudi m^ che trong diû ki&n tu nhien. Theo doi cap do doc bronzing tren la, chiû cao cay, chiû dai rk, khdi lugrng than la va phan tich cac yeu td dinh duong N, P, K, Ca, Zn va Fe trong than la a giai doan 40 ngay sau gieo. Ket qua cho thay, smh trudng ciia 2 gidng liia bi anh hudng nang bdi su gia tang nong dp Fe^* trong dung dich, khi tang ndng d6 Fe^^ trong dung dich lam giam kha nang hiit dinh duong ciia cay liia, tSng ham lupng Fe„

tich luy trong than la va giam sinh khdi. Cay lua bieu hien ngo doc sdt d ndng do 50 ppm tren ca 2 gidng va trd l^n tram trong tir nong do 200 ppm Fe ddi vdi gidng IR 50404 va 100 ppm Fe ddi vdi gidng OM 5451. Ca 2 gidng ndy d^u hi chdt khi nong do Fe trong dung dich o ngirong 400 ppm Fe tren giong IR 50404 va 300 ppm Fe tr&i gidng OM 5451. Trong 2 gidng liia nghien ctru, gidng IR 50404 co kha nang chdng chiu doc sat cao hon gidng OM 5451.

Th khoi: Doc sdt, dinh duong Yoshida, giong lua IR 50404 va OM 5451.

1 . OAT VAN BE

Dat phen (acid sulphate sod) vdi dac diem tich luy luu hu>Tih cao trong phau dien v^ pH thap duoc xera la loai dat eo nhieu yeu td han eh^ trong canh tac lua, trong do ddc sat dirge xem la yeu td gay hai chinh (Dent, 1986). D6c sat cd the gay thiet h£ii nang suat lua tir 13 - 30% va trong nhieu trudng hop nang suat lua giam 100% (Sahrawat, 2004; Becker va Asch, 2005). Ngo doc sat lam giam qua trinh oxi hda d vung re, lam toan bo be mat gdc lua duoe phu mau nau sam den mau den va nhieu vh chet (Audebert va Sahrawat, 2000; Becker va Asch, 2005). Ngo doc sdt cd the xay ra d moi thai ky sinh trudng ciia lua, tuy nhien giai doan cay con va lua de nhanh cay d^ man cam nhat (Oti:ow et al., 1993). O giai doan cay non, neu lua bi ngo doc sat cay kem phat tiien, cdi coe. de nhanh kem (Abraham va Pandey, 1989). 6 giai doan dau ciia sinh ti-udng sinh thuc lua bi ngo doc sat se trd kem, qua tiinh thu phan giam va nang suat lua giam nghiem trong (Singh va Chaudhari, 1992).

Tneu chung dien hinh cua ngd doc sat ti-6n lua la la

cd mau vang dong (bronzing), bat dau la nhirng ddm nho mau nau xu^t hifen d cac la non bat dau tir chop la (Dobermaim va Fairhurst, 2000; Becker vii Asch, 2005; Miti^ et al., 2009). Mot vai gidng Ida la bidn thanh mau vang, mau tim hoae mau cam. mpt vai gidng thi la cuon tron lai, mot sd la phia dudi ehuyen dan thanh mau nau va chet kho (Bergmann, 1992;

Fairhurst va Witt, 2002). Cd rat nhieu nghien cuu v^

ngudng nong dp sat gay doc ddi vdi cay lua va k^t qua cho thay ngudng nay giao dong rat rOng tir 10 ppm ddn 300 ppm tiiy theo each cung cap dinh dirdng va kha nang chdng chiu cua gidng lua (Sophie etal, 2003; Venus va Celsa, 2013). Do trong d i k kien tu nhien rat khd de tach biet giua dOc sat, doc liru huynh va trang thieu dinh dudng vi cac y^u td nay thudng hay di li6n vdi nhau, mot thi nghiem tidn hanh trong dung dich st cho phep tach bi§t tac hai eua eac ndng dd sat ddi vdi Ida. Nghifin cuu nay nham danh gia tac dong ciia cac ndng dO Fe^' ddi vdi su sinh tnidng cua 2 gidng lua dang trdng phd bien d cac vung phen ddng bang song Ciru Long la IR 50404 va OM 5154.

' Vi^n U'ng dyng Cong ngh?

Email: minhngoc20l 182g*yahoo.com

NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 3/2020

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KHOA HOC CONG NGHE

2. VAT UEU VA PHUONG PHAP NGMOI CUU 2.1. V$t li§u nghien ciiu

Nghien cuu duoe tidn h ^ h trSn 2 gidng lua IR 50404vaOM5451.

Mdi trudng dinh duong Yoshida etal (1976): 40 mg/L N (NH4NO3), 10 mg/L P (NaH2p0^.2H20), 40 mg/L K (K2SO4), 40 mg/L Ca (CaCy, 40 mg/L Mg (MgSO^.THaO), 0,5 mg/L Mn (MnCl2.4H20), 0,05 mg/L Mo ((NH4).6M07024.4H20), 0,2 mg/L B (H3BO3), 0,01 mg/L Zn (ZnS04.7H20), 0,01 m g / L Cu (CUSO4.5H2O), 2 mg/L Fe (FeCl3.6H20) + 0,2% agar, pH 5,0.

D6c sat (Fe^*) duoe bd sung dudi dang FeSO^.THaO.

2.2. Phuong p h ^ nghien cuu Nghien cuu gdm cdc nghiem thiic sau:

Fe,,: Yoshida et al. (1976) + 0,2% agar + 0 ppm Fe^* (ddi chung)

Peso: Yoshida etal. (1976) + 0,2% agar + 50 ppm Fe^*

Fcioo: Yoshida etal (1976) + 0,2% agar + 100 ppm Fe^*

Fcaoo: Yoshida etal. (1976) + 0,2% agar + 200 ppm Fesoo: Yoshida etal. (1976) + 0,2% agar + 300 ppm Fe^^

Bang 1. Tieu chuin d^nh

Fe4oo: Yoshida etal. (1976) + 0,2% agar + 400 ppm Fe^^

Thi nghiem duoe bd tri theo kieu hoan toan ngSu nhien theo khdi (RCBD), gom 6 nghiem thirc, mdi nghiem thuc 5 lan lap lai, mdi 6 thi nghiem cd 1 chau, mdi chau ed 9 cay lua.

- Thi nghiem duoe thuc hiSn trong chau nhua cd the tich 5 lit, mdi chau duoe dung dung dich dinh dudng Yoshida et al (1976) + 0,2% agar vdi luong dich la 4 lit/ehau d^ trong lua.

- Mieng chau thi nghiem duoc dat mieng xdp, dudng kinh mieng xdp bang vdi dudng kinh mieng chau, d mdi mieng xdp due 9 16 cd khoang each va kich thude d^u nhau.

- Hat lua sau khi nay mam duoe quan vao bong gdn va dat len vi tri cac Id cua mieng xdp da due san.

Ddc sat (Fe^*) dupe bd sung dudi dang FeS04.7H20 vdi ndng do theo cac nghiem thuc thi nghiem, dinh ky 3 ngay thay dung dich mpt lan.

- Thi nghiem dupe thue hien trong nha ludi, cd mai che trong di^u kien tu nhien.

2.3. Chi tieu va phuong phAp theo dOi - Danh gia dp doc sat theo ti6u chuan IRRI standard evaluation system for iron toxicity score ORRI, 2013) d bang 1 sau:

gid dp ddc s^t IRRI (2013) Cap dp ddc

(bronzing)

Trieu ehung

Sinh trudng va de nhanh binh thudng

Sinh trudng va de nhanh binh thudng, xuat hien nhimg ddm nau do hoae vang cam d dau la gia

Sinh trudng va de nhanh binh thudng. la gia cd mau do nau, tim. hay vang earn binn tnrong va Qe ntiann cnam lai, ntueu la bi aoi mau

Sinh trudng va de nhanh ngung hln, hau het cac la deu hi ddi mau hoac chet Tflt ra rav rh^t W\f\

Tat ca cay chdt khd - Chidu cao cay, chieu dai re, khdi lupng than la vao thoi didm 40 ngay sau khi gieo.

- Phan tich: N, P, K, Ca, Zn va Fe tdng sd trong than la d giai doan 40 ngay sau gieo: Miu la Itia dupe v6 CO hda bang hdn hpp axit H2SO4 + Salicylic, H2O2 tiinh tir cac birde thuc hidn theo tai heu cua Ryan et al., (2013), sau dd xac dinh eac chi tidu:

+ N dupe xac dinh bang chung cat Kjeldahl.

+ P dupe xac dinh bang phuong phap so mau tren may quang phd.

+ K, Ca, Zn va Fe dupe do bang may quang phd hap thu nguyen tu AAS.

Phuong phap xu ly sd lieu

- Sd Ueu dupe xu ly bang phdn mem Excel 2010 va so sanh gia tii trung binh theo phuong phap trac nghidm Duncan bang phan mdm Statgraphies.

NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 3/2020 ¹⁷

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KHOA HQC CONG NGH|

2.3. Dia di^m v^ thdi gian th^c hi^n

- Thdi gian tiiuc hien: Thang 10/2017 - Thang 12/2017.

- Thi nghiem duoe thuc hien tai Chi nhanh Vien Ung dung Cdng nghfe tai TP. HCM.

8. KET QUA N G H N Ciiu VA THAO LUAN

3.1. Anh hudng c i a c ^ ndng dp F e ^ trong dung djch ddi svr tich Itiy Fe trong than ]A lua vk c^p dd ddc s^t (bronzing)

Bang 2. Anh hudng cua die ndng dd s^t trong dung dich ddn su tich Ifly Fets trong than Id trfin 02 gidng

Ida IR50404vAOM 5451 Nghifem thuc

Fe„

Fe,,o Fe,o»

Fe™

Fem CV(%) Ftinh

Fe,s trong than la (mg/kg) Giong IR

50404 64a 496 b 1536 c 3076 d 4180 e 7714 f 23

*

Gidng OM 5451 88 a 559 b 910 c 964 c 1229 c 1855 d 16

Ghi chu: Trong cung mdt c&t, cac gia tri theo sau boi cac ky tu06ng nhau khac biet khdng co y nghia thong ke o muc 5% bing trie nghiem phan hang Duncan.

Ket qua phan tich ham lupng Fe tdng sd ( F e ^ trong than la d giai doan 40 ngay sau gieo duoe trinh bay trong bang 2 cho thjiy, tang nong dd Fe trong dung dich da lam tang manh su tich luy Fe^ trong than la lua d ca 2 gidng thi nghiem. Muc do tang tich luy Fe,s rat khac nhau giiia hai gidng lua thi nghiem.

Trong khi gidng OM 5451 cd ham luong Fe,s giao ddng trong khoang 88 - 1855 mg/kg la khoang tich luy thudng thay ddi vdi lua trong mdi tnrdng cd ddc sat (Dobermann va Fairhurst, 2000; Becker va Asch.

2005) thi ket qua cho thay mot su tich luy d at den muc mJit ki^m soat d gidng IR 50404. Ham luong Fe^

trong than la cua nghiem thirc 100 ppm Fe^* g4n tuong duong vdi ham lupng FCi^ d nghiem thiic 400 ppm Fe^* d gidng OM 5451 va luong Fe,s trong nghiem thuc 400 ppm Fe^* cao gap gdn 4 lan so vdi ham lupng Fei^ trong tiian la cua gidng OM 5451 d ndng dp tirong tuong. Neu chap nhan ngudng 300- 500 ppm Fe^ trong than la la ngudng gay ddc ddi vdi

lua (Dobermann va Fairhurst, 2000) tlv, •' " ^^ ^^

5451 bi ngd ddc ngay tii ndng dd Fe 5(' '" ii 5 ™ ^ dung dich ti-ong khi gidng IR 50404 :TV'> i ai bat dau Cham ngudng ddc d ndng do Fe 5( ."^ ""O^E ^ " ^ dich.

B ^ 3. Anh hudng ciia ndng dO sat trong dung dich d^n c^p d0 dOc s& (bronzing) trfen 02 gidng

liia IR50404 vA OM 5451 Nghiem

thiic Feo Feso Fe,oo Fejoo Fe,o„

Fe,„

CV(%) Ftinh

Cap do doc sat bronzing (cap) IR50404

0 3 3 5 5 7 25

*

OM5451 0 3 5 5 7 7 26

*

Kdt qua danh gia muc dp ddc sdt theo cap dp bronzing trong bang 3 cho thay trong diû kien thi nghidm dung dich, ket qua danh gia cap dd bronzing ciing kha triing khdp vdi kdt qua phan tich ham lupng Fe trong than la. O hau het cac ndng dp Fe nghien cuu, cap dp bronzing d gidng OM 5451 dû cao hon so vdi gidng IR 50404. Trong khi gidng IR 50404 van cd bieu hien tang trudng cham d ndng dp Fe trong dung dich 300 ppm d thdi k^ 40 ngay thi gidng OM 5154 hau nhu ngung sinh trudng va cd bieu hidn chdt khd. Diû dd cho phep nhan xet rang kha nang chiu ddc sat cua gidng OM 5451 kem hon rat nhieu so vdi gidng IR 50404. Gidng IR 50404 ngimg suih trudng va bat dau chet khd d ndng dp Fe dung dich 400 ppm.

3.2. Anh hudng cua c ^ ndng dO F e ^ d ^ sir tich luy dinh dudng trong than 1^

Dd lam sang td anh hudng eua doc sat ti-ong dung dich den su sinh trudng cua 2 gidng lua IR 50404 va OM 5451 dupe de cap d phan h-en. D^ tai tien hanh phan tich ham luong mot sd ydu td dinh dudng ti-ong tiian, la vdt ket qua duoc tiinh bay tai bang 4 cho \hiy, khi ndnj; do Fe^- trong dung dich tang thi kha nang hut n i . .„ .,.,, ^^j ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ giam, eu the:

Ddi vdi yeu td dam (N): Kl. r,,,,,^, ,,^ p^a, ^^^^

dung dich tang tiii ham iupn^ > i^,, , ,^^^^ ^ ^ ,^

cd xu hudng tang, khac bidt rai - ni.< .L -• i A , o - T- • ' J,- . ^^ ' thong k&

tren ea 2 giong lua o nong dp ,.'•• r,,i,„ , . N 6 N G NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 -1 ^^4Q ^

?020

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tdng lupng N cay hut lai ed xu hudng giam dan khi ndng dd sat trong dung dich tang va khac bidt rat ed y nghia thdng kd khi nong dp sat d ngudng 200 ppm ddi vdi gidng IR 50404 va 100 ppm ddi vdi gidng lua OM 5451.

Ddi vdi ydu td lan (P): Phan tich ham lupng P tdng sd ti-ong than la cung cho kdt qua hrong tu vdi N, nghia la khi tang ndng dp Fe^* trong dung dich thi lupng P tich luy trong than la cd xu hudng tang va khac biet cd y nghia thdng ke d ndng dp 200 ppm tien ca 2 gidng Ida thi nghiem, ngupc lai tdng lupng P cay hut lai cd xu hudng giam khi ndng dp Fe^' trong dung dich tang, tdng luong P cay hiit giam rd nhat va khac biet ed y nghia thdng ke khi ndng dp Fe^"^ trong dung dich d 200 ppm ti-dn 2 gidng lua thi nghiem.

Ddi vdi ydu td kah (K): Ket qua phan tich ham lupng K tdng sd trong than la ciing cho thay, khi tang nong dp Fe^* trong dung dich thi ham luong K tich lily trong than la cd xu hudng tang va khac biet rd nhat cd ^ nghia thdng ke khi ndng dd Fe^^ trong dung dich dat 200 ppm ddi vdi gidng IR 50404 va 300 ppm ddi vdi gidng lua OM 5451. Tdng lupng K cay hiit cd xu hudng giam khi tang ham lupng Fe^* trong dung dich, khac bidt rd nhiit khi ham lupng Fe^*

trong dung dich d nguong 200 ppm ti-en ca 2 gidng lua thi nghiem.

Ddi vdi ydu td canxi (Ca): Ket qua phan tich ham lupng Ca tdng sd trong than la cung cho thay, ham lupng Ca tich luy trong than la cd xu hudng tSng khi tang ndng dp Fe^* trong dxmg dich va the hien rd nhat cd y nghia thdng ke khi ndng dd Fe^* trong dung dich dat ngudng 300 ppm d ca 2 gidng lua; tdng lupng Ca cay hiit cd xu hudng giam khi tang ndng dp Fe^'^ h-ong dung dich va khac biet ro nhat d ndng dp Fe^"^ trong dung dich dat ngudng 200 ppm ddi vdi gidng OM 5451. 6 gidng IR 50404 khdng cd su khac biet ve kha nang hut Ca cua eay lua d cac ndng dp Fe thi nghiem.

Ddi vdi ydu td kem (Zn): Phdn tich ham lupng Zn trong than la cho thay, ham lugng kem tich luy trong than la cd xu hudng tang khi tang nong dp sat trong dung dich va khac biet rd nhat khi ndng dp Fe^^ trong dung dich dat ngudng 100 ppm ddi vdi gidng Itia IR 50404 va 300 ppm ddi vdi gidng lua OM 5451. Tdng lupng kdm cay hut lai cd xu hudng giam khi tang ndng dp Fe^* trong dung dich, khac biet rd nh^t khi ndng dp Fe^* trong dung dich dat ngudng 300 ppm ddi vdi gidng IR 50404 va 50 ppm ddi vdi gidng OM 5451.

Bdng4.Anhhu6ng

Gidng liia

m.

5M04

OM 5451

Nglli^m thiic

Fe.

Fea, Fe,„

Fe:„

F e „ Fem

aim

Ftinh Fe.

Fe,, F e „ FejM Fe™

F e « cvps) Ftinh

Him Iinmg N

2,06 a 2,24 ab 2,48 ab 2,59 ab 2,87 ab 3,19 b 7,62 2.12 a

*

2.27 ab 2.42 ab 2,54 ab 3,17 be 4,18c 9,18

•

ciia ndng dp F e ^ trong dung dich d^n tich lily dinh dtxong trong thin M ciia 02 gidng liia IR50404V4OM5451

U«?ngN cay hiit (mgN/

chau 9 cay) 224.71 c 194.94 c 183.36 c 103.18 b 84.24 ab 50.05 b 14,43 144.48 c

'

122,23 c 89,04 be 67,78 b 53,79 b 38,54 a 13,77

•

Ham luong P

0.32 a 0.34 a 0,38 a 0.56 b 0,60 b 0,75 b 8.32 0,52 a

*

0,62 ab 0,66 be 0,76 be 0.80 c 0,97 d 5.59

•

Lugng P eay hiit ( m g P / chau 9 cay) 34,63(1 30,13 cd 28.57 bed 21,23 be 17,53 ab 11.14 a 17.39 35,91 d

*

34,07 d 24,09 ed 20,47 be 13,75 b 8,87 a 20,34

•

Ham lui?ng K

»)

1,38 a 1.60 ab 1,80 abc 2,00 be 2.31c 2.38 c 8.14 1,50 a

*

1,69 ab 1,74 ab 1.99 ab 2.17 be 2,68 e 7,70

•

Luong K cay hiit (mg K/chau 9

eay) 148.28 c 141,45 e 133,53 e 79.86 b 66.74 b 36,24 a 14.00 103.23 d

.

90.41 d 64,10 ed 52,44 be 36.56 b 24.75 a 15,39

*

Ham luong Ca

0.10 a 0,12 ab 0.13 ab 0.21 abc 0.28 be 0,36 c

7,61 0.14 a

*

0,15 a 0.19 ab 0,20 ab 0.25 be 0.32 c

4.82

•

Luong Ca cay hiit (mgCa/ehau

9 cay) 10,98 10.63 9,78 8.69 7.90 5,77 28.63 ns 9,48 d 7.83 cd 6.95 cd 5.30 be 4,44 ab 2.85 a

13.90

*

Him luong Zn

(ppm) 30,68 a 34.68 ab 44,84 be 59,04 cd 65.48 d 71,50 d 10,41 47.40 a

*

50.80 a 55.20 ab 63.80 abc

7 3 » be 89.00 c 7.88

*

LuiTngZn ciy hiit (mgZn/chau

9 eay) 0,34 e 0.31c 0.33 c 0.23 be 0,19 ab 0.10 a 6.52 0,33 a

*

0.27 b 0.20 c 0.17 c 0,12 c 0,08 d 6,01 Chi chii: Trong ciing mot cot, cicgia tri theo sau boi cic ky tir gidng nhau khic biet khdng co y nghia

•

ke a muc 5% bang trie nghiem phin hang Duncan

thdng

N 6 N G NGHIEP V A PHAT TRIIN N O N G THON - KY 2 - THANG 3/2020

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KHOA HOC CdNG NGHE Ket qua phan anh rang giong liia IR 50404 co

kha nang chong chiu doc sit cao hon gidng OM 5451, trong khi gidng OM 5451 hiit cac chat dinh duong N, P, K, Ca va Zn giam rat khac biftt so vm ddi chiing khi nong do trong khoang 100 - 200 ppm Fe, thi ddi voi gidng IR 50404 la d- ndng dd khoang tren 200 - 300 ppm. Cay liia hi ngd doc sat thi kha nang hdt cac chat dinh dudng deu giam tren ca 2 gidng thi nghiem, tiep tuc gia tang nong do Fe^* trong dimg dich thi kha nSng hiit cac chat dinh durnig cang giam, day la mdt trong nhiing nguydn nhan lam ngd ddc sat cang tram trong hon. Dieu nay cd thd giai thich rang, ngd ddc sat lam giam qua trinh oxi hda d vung rd, lam toan bd bd mat gdc liia duoc phii man nau sSm den mau den va nhidu rd chet, dan ddn giam kha nang hiit chat dinh duong cua cay lua trong dieu kien ngd ddc sat (Becker va Asch, 2005). Ddc sat cd Bang 5. Anh hudng cua ndng dp s ^ trong dung dich d^n

did gay tdn hai ddn nhidu qua dinh khic nhau ddi voi Ilia nhu lam rdi loan qua tiinh ehuyen hoa Upids, proteins va nucleic acids lam cay trdng igimg sinh tirong (Becana etal., 1998), va lam he tlidng rd tdn fliuong khdng phat tiidn {Vechnevetskaia va Roy, 1999, Pereira etal, 2013), lam anh hudng ddn kha nang hiit cic khoang quan ti-ong nhu K; Zn; Mn d k ddn lam rdi loan qua tiinh tdng hop ADN, lam thay ddi cau tiiic ciia te bao ti-ong cay (Da Silveira etal., 2007).

3.3. Anh hudng ciia ndng dd Fe^' trong dung djch ddn khS nang sinh trudng c i a 2 gidng liia IR 50404 v i O M 5451

Anh huong ciia cac ndng do sat trong dung dich den kha nang sinh trudng cua 2 gidng liia IR 50404 va OM 5451 duoc trinh bay tai bang 5.

kha sinh trudng ciia 02 gidng Ilia IR50404vAOM 5451 Nghiem

thiic Fe„

Feso Fe,„„

Fe,m Fe„

Fe™

CV(%) Ftinh

IR 50404 Chieu cao

cay (cm) 67,8 e 64,7 de 61,6 d 51,6 c 41,4 b 33,5 a 6,7

*

Chieu dai rd (cm)

17,6 c 16,2 c 16,0 c 13,1b 11,9 b 10,0 a 8,7

*

Khdi lucmg khd than, la (g/chau 9 cay)

10,80 d 8,76 cd 7,36 c 3,93 b 2.96 b 1.53 a 19,32

*

OM 5451 Chidu cao cay

(cm) 57,4 d 49,6 c 47,6 c 46,8 c 37,8 b 31,9 a 5,6

*

Chieu dai rd (cm)

14,7 d 14,4 d 12,4 c 11,6 c 9,1b 7,9 a 10,2

•

Khdi luong khd than, 14 (g/chau 9 cay)

6,88 f 5,39 e 3,70 d 2,71c 1,74 b 0,92 a 18,93

*

Ghi chii: Trong ciing mot c6t, cic gii tri theo sau bm cic ky tu gidng nhau khic biet khdng cd y ngUa thdng kedmirc5% bing trie nghiem phan hang Duncan.

Ket qua cho th^y, ddc sat anh huong den su sinh trudng ciia 2 gidng lua thi nghiem d cac miic dd khac nhau, d ndng dd sat cang cao thi ddc sat gay hai cho lua cang trim trong, cu thd:

Trong khi gidng IR 50404 d ndng do 50 ppm Fe lam giam cac chi tidu sinh trudng cda cay liia so vdi ddi chiing, tay nhien chira dat y nghia tiidng ke vdi do tin cay 5%, thi nguoc lai d ndng dd 50 ppm Fe cac chi tieu sinh tiTidng cua gidng OM 5451 giam khac bidt rSt cd y nghia thdng ke so vdi ddi chiing. Didu nay ndi len rang, d ndng do 50 ppm Fe da gay ngd ddc cho gidng liia OM 5451 va cham nguong gay ddc cho gidng IR 50404, kdt qua nay cung phan anh ring gidng IR 50404 cd kha nang chdng chiu ddc sat tdt hon gidng OM 5451. Tidp hic gia tSng ndng do Fe^'*

h-ong dung dich thi su sinh tiTidng cOia ca 2 gidng liia giam va su sut giam nghiem ti-png tren ca 2 gidng tea khi ndng dp Fe^* h-ong dung dich d nguong 100 ppm Fe h-d len. Co che gay tac hai cua ddc sit ti-dn liia duoc giai thich rang khi ndng dd Fe^* hda tan cao khi do re cay lua hut Fe'* qua miic nhu cSu cua cay, sau dd duoc van chuydn len la lam tang cudng san smh ra cac goc oxy hda gay doc, lam pha va c^u tiiic cua te bao, gay rdi loan qua trinh trao ddi ch& h-ong cay, , r / r ,**' """^ " " ' ' " " ^ ^ ™^ W' (Sahrawat, 2004; Becker va Asch, 2005; Abraham va Pandey, P M n a c h tuong quarituyen tinh giija ham l u M Fe., ti-ong than la vm smh khoi cay lua d g,ai doan 40 ngay sau gieo ket qua hmh 1 cho ih3v • ,'

"•"V' ' im lupng 20 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANS 3/2020

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Fe„ trong than la cd tumig quan nghich rit chat vdi p< 0,01) ddi vdi gidng OM 5451, didu nay cd nghia smh khdi trdn ca 2 gidng liia vdi hd sd tuong quan (r rang ham lupng Fcts tiong than la cang cao thi kha

• - 0,92; p< 0,01) ddi vdi gidng IR 50404 va (r - - 0,96, nang sinh trudng ciia cay liia cang giam.

NSG

sS

II

ft

12 , 0 ^

8 6

•

0

r = - 0 ^ 2 "

^

• •

2000 4000 6000 Feu tbia U 40 NSG (ppm)

a)

•

8000

ONSG

II

? f^

'

^

4 3 2 1

•

0

i- = - 0 ^ "

•

500 1000 1500 Feu Iban U 40 NSG (ppm)

b)

•

2000

Hinh 1. Tutmg quan giua ham lugng Fe^ trong than ]A voi sinh kh6i c^y liia 6 40 NSG a) Giong Ilia IP 50404; b) Giong lua OM5451

4. KET LUAN

Sinh tnrong cua ca 2 gi6ng liia nghien curu deu bi anh huong nang boi su gia tang n6ng do Fe^* trong dung dich dinh duong. Tang nong do Fe^* trong dung dich lam giam kha nang hut dinh duong cua cSy Ilia, tang h ^ lupng Fe,s tich luy trong than la va giam sinh khoi.

Trieu chiing doc s^t bieu hien ro ngay tir nong do 50 ppm Fe va tro nen tram trong tu nong dp 200 ppm Fe doi vol giong IR 50404 va 100 ppm Fe doi voi giong OM 5451. Ca 2 gi6ng nay d^u bi chet khi nong do Fe trong dung dich a nguong 400 ppm Fe tren giong IR 50404 va 300 ppm Fe trfin giong OM 5451.

Trong 2 giong lua nghien cuu, giong IR 50404 co kha nang chdng chiu 6.6c sdt cao hon giong OM 5451.

TAIUEUTHAMKIUO

1. Abraham M. J. and Pandey D. K., 1989.

Performance of selected varieties and advance generation genotypes in rainfed lowland iron toxic soil. International Rice Research Newsletter 14:21.

2. Audebert A and Sahrawat K L , 2000.

Mechanisms for iron toxicity tolerance in lowland rice. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 1877-1885.

3. Becana M., Moran J. F. and Iturbe-Ormaetxe I., 1998. Iron dependant oxygen free radical generation in plants subjected to environmental stress: toxicities and antioxidant protection. Plant and Soil201:137-147.

4. Becker M. and Asch F., 2005. Iron toxicity in rice-conditions and management concepts. Journal Plant Nutrition Soil Science 168:558-573.

5. Bergmann W., 1992. Nutritional Disorders of Plants. Visual and Analytical Diagnosis. Jena: Gustav Fischer Verlag, p. 15.

6. Da Silvena V. C , De oliveira A P., Speroti:o R. A., Espindola L S., Amarat L , Dias J. F., da Cunha J. B. and Fett J. P., 2007. Influence of iron on ineral status of two rice {Oryza sativa L.) cultivars. Brazilian Journal Plant Physiolo0st 16:127-139.

7. Dent D. L, 1986. Acid sulphate soils: a baseline for research and development. International fnstitute for Land Reclamation and Improvement,

Wageningen

8. Dobermann A and Fairhurst T. H.. 2000.

Rice: Nutrient Disorders and Nutrient Management fntemational Rice Research Institute, P.O Box 933, 1099 Manila, Phihppmes.

9. Fairhurst T. H. and Witt C , 2002. Rice: A pratical guide to nutrient management. In A Audebert, L T. Narteh, P. Kiepe, D. Millar, & B.

Beks (Eds.), Iron toxicity m rice-based system in West A6ica (p. 25). Manila: WARDA Intematinal Rice Research Institute.

10. IRRI., 2013. Standard evaluation system (SES) for nee. International Rice Research Institute, P.O Box 933.1099Manila, Phihppines

11. Mih-a G. N., Sahu S. K. and Nayak R. K., 2009. Characterization of iron toxic soils of Orissa and ameliorating effects of potassium on iron toxicity. Proceedings of the IPIOUAT- IPNl mtemational symposium, Bhubaneswar. vol I:

Invited papers. IPI/IPNI, Horgen/Norcross, p 215

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12. Otiow J. C. G., Prade K., Bertenbreiter W. deficiencies and toxicities in groundnut. Plant and Jacq V. A., 1993. Iron toxicity mechanisms of Physiology and Biochemistry 19,107-109.

flooded rice (.Oryza sativa L) in Senegal and 17. Sophie De Dorlodot, Stanley Lutts and Pierre Indonesia. Bas-Fonds, et Riziculture., Ed. M. Raunet, Bertm., 2003. Effects of Ferrous hon Toxicity on the pp. 231-241 Groivth and Mineral Composition of an Interspecific

13. Pereira E. G., Oliva A M., Souza L R, Sice. PubUshedonline. 2007

Mendes G. C., Colares D. S., Stopato C. H. and 18. Vechnevetskaia K. D. and Roy D. N., 1999.

Ahneida A M., 2013. Iron excess affects rice Oxidative stiess and antioxidative defence with photosynthesis through stomatal and non stomatal emphasis on plant oxidants. Environmental Review.

lunitations. Pbnt of Science. 201-202:81-92 7(1): 31-51

14. Ryan J., Estefan G. and Sommer R., 2013. 19. Venus Elec and Celsa A Q., 2013 Methodsof Sod, Plant and Water Analysis: A manual Maintaining elevated Fe^* concenti-ation in solution for die West Asia and North Afiica Region. Third culture for the development of a rapid and repeatable Edition, the hitemational Center for Agricultural screening technique for iron toxicity tolerance in rice Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA). page 15&157 (Oryza sativa L./ Plant and Soil: 253-264.

15. Sahrawat K. L, 2004. Iron toxicity in wetland 20. Yoshida S., Fomo D., Cook J. H. and Gomez rice and role of other nutilbons. Journal of plant K. A , 1976. Laboratory Manual for Physiological nutrition, 1471 -1504 Stiidies of Rice. The hitemational Rice Research

16. Singh A. L. and Chaudhari V., 1992. Institute, Manila, Philippines.

Enzymatic studies in relation to micronutrient

EFFECTS OF IRON CONCENTRATION IN THE GROWING MEDIA ON IRON TOXICnY DAMAGE FORTWO IR 50404 AND OM 5451 RICE VARIETIES

Tnrong Minh Ngoc, Vo Dinh Quang Summary

Iron toxicity is one of the main limiting factors for rice cultivaUng on acid sulphate soils. When under field conditions it is difficult to separate iron toxicity, sulfur toxicity and nutrient deficiency, an experiment conducted m solution will allow to distinguish the hannful effects of iron concentrations on rice. The study was conducted on two nee varieties IR 50404 and OM 5451. the nutrient medium Yoshida etal. (1976) + 0.2% agar. Fe^* iron toxicity was added as FeS04.7H,O with 0 ppm. 50 ppm. 100 ppm. 200 ppm. 300 ppm and 400 ppm concentrations. Change the solution once every 3 days, the experiment was done under the roof in natural conditions. Monitoring bronzing toxicity on leaves, plant height, root length, leaf stem weight and analyzing the nutiiUonal factors of N. P, K. Ca. Zn and Fe in the leaf stalks m the 4(klay penod after sowmg.

The results showed dial the growth of two riCe varieties was severely affected by the increase in Fe^"

concentration in the solution, when the increase of Fe^* concentration in the solution reduced the nutrient uptake ability of the rice, increasing die content of total Fe volume accumulate in leaf stems and reduce biomass. Rice plants exhibited iron poisonmg at 50 ppm on both varieties and exacerbated fi-om 200 ppm Fe for IR 50404 and 100 ppm Fe for OM 5451. Botii varieties died when Fe concenti-ation in solution was 400 ppm Fe on IR 50404 and 300 ppm Fe on OM 5451. In the two studied rice varieties, IR 50404 was more resistant to iron toxicity than OM 5451.

Keywords: Iron toxicity. Yoshida nutntioji, rice vaneues IR 50404 and OM5451.

Ngu6i pMn bien: PGS.TS. La Tu& Nghia NgiynhSnbM: 13/11/2019

Ng4y thdng qua phan bi$n: 13/12/2019 Ngiy duy$t dang: 20/12/2019

22 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 3/2020