TRIET HQC, S 6 4 (251), THANG 4-2012
TON GIAO VOri CHU NGHIA XA HOI - DOI DIEU SUY NGAM
NGUYIN DOCLC*''
Trong bdi vHt ndy, tdc gid da dUa ra y kiin cua minh vi mdt sdvdn di giiia tdn gido vd chu nghia xd hdi. Theo tdc gid, chu nghia xd hdi khdng nhiing khdng hgn chi, md trdi lai. Id mdi trudng thudn lai cho vi^c thUc hi^n ddy du quyin tU do tin ngUdng, tdn gido chdn chinh cm nhdn ddn. Ding thdi, diiu ndy tgo ra ca hdi cho cdc tdn gido d ViSt Nam ddng gdp cho sU nghiep xdy dUng vd bdo vi Td qud'c.
t
d'u nhfl tdn giao song hfinh vdi dfin tdc cd phdn thufin budm, xudi gid thi trdn bude dudng ddng hfinh vdi ehu nghia xfi hdi lai gfip khdng ft khd khan, trfic trd; bdi trong qua khfl vfi hifn tai, vfin cd mdt so ngfldi dfi khai thfic sfl khfie nhau gifla duy vfit - duy tfim, vd than - hiiu thdn de chdng pha chu nghia xa hdi.1' Su thiiu thien cdm vdi nhau co tit hai phia
Nhflng ngfldi khdng cd thifn cam vdi ngfldi cdng san vfi chu nghia xa hdi thfldng ehuyln mau thufin dfin tdc, giai cfi'p thfinh mau thufin v l nhfin thfle, tfl tfldng; biln vfi'n de thfl ye'u thfinh ehu ylu nhfim tao sfl nghi ky, ddi ddu gifla ngfldi edng san vdi tin dd cac tdn giao.
Da tflng xufi't hifn nhiing lufin difu eho rfing, "vd thdn vfi hflu thdn nhfl nUdc vdi Ixta", "chu nghia xa hdi khdng tfldng dung vdi tdn gifio", "chu nghia xa hdi phu nhfin sfl tdn tai ciia ThUdng dl*',
"chu nghia xa hpi khdng phii hdp vdi nen vfin minh Kitd gifio", "chu nghia
cdng san bfic bd Thidn Chfla, bae bd mpi tdn gifio, bfic bd thuyet linh hdn h ^ g sdng, bfic bd tfi^t ca quyln Idi eua nhfin vi vfi gia cQnh", "chu nghia cdng san xung khfic tuyft doi vdi cdng giao", "d^
vdi hpc thuylt cdng san cua C.Mfic va V.I.Lenin... lfi chii trUdng duy vfit. Vi chii trUdng duy vfit chi thfla nhan c6 vat ehfil lfi nguydn 1^ vfi lfi dich eiii^
cua van vfit, nen hpc thuylt dd tdt nhidn ciing chu trfldng vd than. Da ehii trUdng vd thdn, nd phai hofin tofin dfS nghich vdi tfi't ca nhiing gi lfi tinh thdn, sidu vift, tin ngfldng, hofie (Jao ly; ndi each khfic, nd hofin tofin ddi nghich vdi chfin ly ndi chung vfi hpc thuylt edng giao ndi ridng"... Ddng thdi, hp gan cho nhflng ngfldi cdng san dii thfl xdu xa, la nhiing ke v6 Td qudc, vd gia dinh vfi vfi dao, th^m chf cdn ddng nhfi't ngUdi cdng san vdi quy dfl... Hp cdn "la loi len rdng cdng san dift cdng giao, cd' lfim cho
(*) Ph6 gi&o Sli, tiSii si, Hoc vi^n Chfnh tri - Hint cUnh Qudc gia K6 Chf Minh.
46
TON GL\0 V6l CHT:I NGHIA XA H 6 I - D 6 I D I ^ U SUY NGAM nhfin dfin qudn rfing thfle dfin Phfip Ifi
ke tfl thu cua cdng giao, cua edng san cung nhfl cua tofin dfin"(l).
Ngfiy nay, d trong nflde cung nhfl d nUde ngoai, vfin cdn cd mdt sd' ngUdi, tuy khdng eao gipng Idn fin cdng san - vd thdn nhfl trflde, nhflng vfin tid'p tuc dfla ra cfic lufin difu tuydn truyin, xuydn tae dfldi nhiing hinh thfle khfic nhau ve chu nghia xfi hdi ddi vdi tdn gifio.
Thai dp dinh kid'n, mfie cam, thidu thidn chf vdi ngfldi cdng san trong hfing ngu ehfle sfic vfi tin dd efic tdn giao gdp phdn dfin dd'n mdt so ngfldi ed each flng xfl thilu thidn cam vdi tdn gifio, trong dd cd Kitd giao khi giai cfi'p edng nhfin cd ehinh quyen.
Nfim 1936, Hien phfip mdi(2) cua Lidn bang Cdng hofi Xfi hdi ehu nghia Xdvid't do Xtalin dflng ddu soan thao dflde Xdvilt tdi cao thdng qua. Mdt quan nifm mdi khfing dinh trong ban Hien phap nfiy hen quan de'n vfi'n d l tdn giao dflde ghi trong Dilu 124 nhfl sau: "Di bao dam eho edng dan cd quyln tfl do tin ngfldng, nhfi thd d Lidn Xd tach khdi nhfi nflde vfi nhfi trfldng tfich khdi nha thd. Cdng nhan quyen tfl do theo eae tdn giao vfi quyen tfl do tuyen truyin chd'ng tdn gifio cho mpi edng dfin"(3). Thiic te, quyen tfl do tuydn truyin ehdng tdn gifio dflde ddy len dd'n mflc khdng binh thfldng. 0 mdt sd nflde Ddng Au, vd thdn hda tofin dfin dflde coi nhu mdt trong nhiing tieu ehf dl xfiy diing chu nghia xa hpi.
Cdn tai Trung Qud'c, tfl phong trfio
"Ngu Tfl" da ndu ra khdu hifu "da dao mid'u Khdng gia", dd'i vdi ben ngofii thi
phfit dfing phong trfio "phi Kitd gifio".
Ngfldi ta Ifi'y tfl trfio "khoa hpc", "dfin ehu" ed ngudn gdc tfl phfldng Tfiy dl cai tao vfin hda truyin thd'ng"(4). Cud'i nhiing nfim 60 ddu nhflng nfim 70 eua the ky trfldc, d nflde Cdng hda nhfin dfin Trung Hoa: "Nhin chung, tdn giao khdng dflde phdp tdn tai"(5). Cudc dai
"cfich mang vfin hda" nfim 1965 dfi dfla ra nhidm vu dift 'Tad'n ldi thdi" (vfin hda Idi thdi, phong tuc ldi thdi, thdi quen ldi thdi, tu duy ldi thdi) vfi fip dung bifn phap dfin fip ddi vdi tdn giao.
Trong mpt thdi gian dfii, khdng it ngfldi nhfin manh qua mfle mat tieu eiic cua tdn giao nhU mdt thfl "thudc phidn"
doe hai. 0 Trung Quoc, mdt sd' ndi, dinh chfla, mid'u phu, Ifing tdm, nhfi thd va cfic cd sd thd tfl khae - ke ea nhflng cdng trinh kiln true, vfin hda - hi pha phfich, de hoang p h i hoac sii dung sai mue dfch. Vide nhfi'n manh sfl khae bidt v l hf tu tudng gifla nhflng ngfldi ed tin ngUdng vfi nhflng ngfldi khdng tfn ngfldng da lam ran nflt khdi doan ke't
•edng ddng, giam sflc manh dan tdc vfi khdng ed Idi cho sfl nghifp xfiy dflng ehu nghia xfi hdi d Trung Qud'e.
O Viet Nam, cung khdng it nhflng bilu hifn cua bfnh "fi^u tri ta khuynh"
vdi tdn giao.
Trong Hdi thao "30 nfim hoat ddng
(1) Xem: T^p chf Nghien eflu T6n giao, so 2-2001.
(2) H i m ph^p cUiu tien cua Lign Xo U Hi^n phap 1924.
(3) Hii'n phdp Liin bang C6ng hod xd hgi chu nghia X8 vii't. Nxb Sii that, HS N6i, 1957, tr.58.
(4) Trac Tan Binh. Ly gidi ton gido (ngfldi dich Tr&i Nghia Phfldng). Nxb H^ N6i, 2007, tr.l07.
(5) N g u y i n Kim Quyen (Chu biSn). T6n gido vd ddi song hien dgi. Nxb Khoa hoc xa hoi. Ilk N6i, 2004, tr.79.
47
NGUYEN Dtrc LU"
cua Gifio hdi Phfit gifio Vift Nam, nhflng vfi'n de ly lufin vfi thfle tiln trong cong tfie quan 1^ nhfi nflde" diln ra tai Hfi Ndi, ngfiy 29/2/2012, Hda thfldng Thfch Giae Tofin dfi bdc Id tfim trang cua minh sau nfim 1975. Khi dd cd tin ddn rfing, trong xa hdi mdi, cfic vi ehfle sfic tre se phai hofin ti^c; vi vfiy, vi Hda thfldng nfiy da chudn bi cho minh mft nghe bdc thudc, cham eflu dl phdng khi phai "hofin tuc".
Rd rfing, trong qufi khfl, ngfldi cd tdn giao vdi ngfldi edng san dfi tiing ngoanh Iflng dfii ddu vdi nhau. Cdng bfing mfi ndi, xu hfldng ta khuynh dien ra ca tfl hai phia.
2- Thai do cua ngfldri cong san doi vdi ton giao trong chii nghia xa hoi
Mdi quan hf gifla tdn gifio vdi chu nghia xa hdi lfi vfi'n d l Idn. Do hofin canh lich sfl, ndn cac nhfi kinh dien cua chu nghia Mfie - Ldnin chfla cd dilu kidn dd lufin giai mdt each hf thdhg vfi tofin (iif n ve mdi quan hf gifla tdn gifio vdi ehu nghia xa hpi. Tuy nhidn, ngay tfl nfim 1844, trong "Bdn thdo kinh te- triit hgc ndm 184^', C.Mfic da vilt: "Chii nghia vd thdn lfi phu nhfin Thfldng de vfi (ifit lfim' dinh dl sfl tdn tai eiia eon ngfldi thdng qua sfl phii dinh dd: nhflng chu nghia xa hdi nhfl chfnh nd khdng cdn den edu ndi dd"(6). Cdn Ph.Angghen da tCtng phd phfin gay gfit nhfllng phdn tut ta khuynh vd chinh phu khi mudh ghi vfio cUdng linh eua dang cdng nhan vife edng khai thfla nhfin ehu nghia v6 thdn theo nghia lfi tuydn chid'n vdi tdn giao. Nfim 1874, dng da phe phan Tuydn ngdn cua phfii Blfing-ki vfi cho rfing, "tuydn chiln
dm i eua hp vdi ton giao Ifi dai ddt^';
rfing, "tuydn chid'n nhU t h i Ifi mdt phUdng phap td't nhfi't lfim khfch dpng them si^ quan tam cua ngfldi ta dd'i vdi tdn gifio"(7).
Den nfim 1877, trong Chd'ng Buyrinh, Ph.Angghen lai Idn an tU tudng each mang gia hifu eua Duyrinh, khi dng ta
"ehu trUdng efi'm tdn giao trong xa hdi chu nghia"(8).
Nhilu l i n Ph.Angghen da trd lai nghien eflu lich sii Cd ddc giao nguyen thuy vfi cho rfing, phong trfio nfiy da ehieu md phdn Idn nhflng ngfldi tham gia ddu tien cua minh tfl nhflng ngfldi nd If cua de quoc La ma. Vfio nhiing nfim cudi ddi, trong bfii vilt Ddng gop veto lich Sli cua Ca doc gido nguyen thuy (1894-1895), dng dUa ra mdt sU phan tich xa hpi eu the, tinh te hdn ve nhflng tin dd Cd ddc giao ddu tidn Ifi nhflng ngfldi nghdo kho phan anh udc md ve sii
"giai phdng".
Ph.Angghen cdn nhfin thKy sfl tUdng ddng gifla Cd doc giao nguydn thuy vfi chu nghia xfi hdi hifn dai: Trong ea hai trfldng hdp dd diu Ifi nhflng phong trfio cua qudn ehung bi ap bflc, gdm nhflng ngfldi bi cac chinh quyen truy na vfi dfla di Iflu ddy, hp tuydn truyin mdt cdng cupc giai phdng tfle thdi khdi chl dp nd If vfi khdi sfl thdhg khd. Cac nhfi kinh dien eiia chu nghia Mac - Ldnin thfla nhfin: '*Trong lich sii dao Cd ddc sd
(6) Trung t a m Khoa h9c xa h^i vk nhfin v&n Qufic gia, Vifn Nghifin ciSu Ton gifio. Vi tdn gido, t l . Nxb Khoa hoc xa h^i, Hk N6i, 1994, tr.228.
(7) D i n theo: V.I.Lemn. Todn tap, t . l 7 . Nxb Tiln b§, Mfitxcdva, 1979, tr.511.
(8) DSn theo: V.I.L§mn. Scbl.. t . l 7 , tr.521.
T6N GIAO V6I cat NGHIA XA HOI - D6I DIEU SUY NGAM ky cd nhflng dilm gid'ng dang lUu y so
vdi phong trfio cdng nhan hifn dai. Ca dao Cd dd'e Ifin chu nghia xa hdi cdng nhfin deu tuydn truyin sii giai phdng con ngfldi trong tfldng lai khdi eanh nd If vfi nghdo khd*'(9)-
Sli khfie bift cd ban gifla hai phong trfio nfiy lfi d chd, nhflng ngfldi Cd ddc gifio hfldng cdng cudc giai phdng cho con ngfldi d the gidi "bdn kia", edn nhflng dai bilu cua chu nghia xfi hdi lai ehu trfldng giai phdng con ngfldi thofit khdi nd If d ngay thd' gidi hifn hflu.
Trong cdng trinh phan tich v l phong trfio Cd ddc giao thfl hai cua Ph.Angghen
"Cupc chien tranh ndng ddn d Ditc"
thi sfl khfic bift nfiy dfldng nhfl khdng cdn rd rang. Muyntxd, nhfi thdn hpc vfi ngfldi Ifinh dao nhflng ngudi ndng dfin cfich mang vfi nhflng ngfldi binh dfin di giao cua the ky XVI mong mudh thiet Ifip "vUdng qudc ngfin nfim cua Chua" d ngay trdn trai dat nfiy. Theo PhAngghen, vUdng qud'e ay dd'i vdi Mujnitxd Ifi mdt xa hdi khdng cd khfic biet giai cfi'p, khdng cd sd hflu tfl nhan vfi khdng e^
quyln lflc cua nhfi nflde ddi lap hay xa IEI vdi mpi thfinh vidn cua xfi hdi. Khdng phai ngfiu nhien mfi Ph.Angghen Iai dfinh gifi Muyntxd nhfl mdt Ifinh tu iSi lac cua cudc khdi nghia ndng dan nfim 1525. Vfi, eung theo ldi Ph.Angghen, Muyntxd da trd thfinh nhfi tidn tri cua cfich mang.
V.I.Ldnin ciing da tiing td thai dd khdng ddng tinh ddi vdi nhflng phdn tfl ta khuynh vd chuih phu mudh phu nhfin sfl tdn tai cua tdn giao trong chu nghia xa hdi vfi nhflng hfinh vi thd bao cua hp.
Ong cho rdng, "ddi vdi chung ta, sfl thd'ng nhKt cua cude dfih tranh thfle sfl each mang dd cua giai c^p bi fip bflc de sfing tao mdt canh efle lac tren trfii dfit, lfi quan trpng hdn sfl thd'ng nhfi't y kid'n cua nhiing ngfldi vd san vl canh efle lae trdn thidn dfldng"(10). Dilu mfi ngfldi edng san edn vfi ed trfich nhifm lfi "dofin kit hp lai vi cudc dfi'u tranh thfle sfl nhfim gifinh iKy mdt eude ddi td't dep hdn trdn trdnthe"(ll).
K l thfla tfl tfldng eua cfic nhfi sang lap chu nghia Mfie - Lenin, Hd Chi Minh rfi't ehu y khai thac dilm tfldng ddng gifla tdn gifio vdi ehu nghia xa hpi de thu hut, tap hdp qudn ehung cd tdn gifio cung tien hfinh sU nghifp cfich mang cua nhan dfin. Ngfiy 10/5/1958, khi tra ldi efiu hdi cua cac efl tri Hfi Ndi: "Tid'n Idn chu nghia xa hpi thi tdn gifio cd bi han e h i khdng?", Hd Chi Minh ndi: "6 eae nUde xfi hdi chu nghia, tin ngUdng hofin tofin tU do. O Vidt Nam cung vay"(12). Ngudi cdn ndi rd them, ngUdi cdng san tid'n hanh cudc dfi^u tranh giai phdng dfin tdc vfi xay dUng chu nghia xfi hdi; "Chfing nhflng khdng tidu dift tdn gifio, mfi cdn bao hp tdn giao. Dang Cdng san ehi tidu dift tdi fie ngfldi bdc lot ngUdi"(13). Hd Chi Minh khdng chi thfla nh^n sU tdn tai eua tdn giao trong
(9) C M a c vk Ph.Angghen. Todn tdp, t.22. Nxb Chfnh tri Quoc gia- H^ N6i, 1995, tr.664.
(10) V.I.LSnin. Todn tap, t . l 2 . Nxb Tien bo, Matxcdva, 1979, t r . l 7 4 .
(11) V.I.Lenin. Sdd., t . l 2 , t r . l 7 0 .
(12) HS Chi Minh. Todn tap, t.9. Nxb Chfnh tri Quoc gia, Uk N6i, 1996, t r . l 7 6 .
(13) D i n theo: Le Hflu Nghia, Nguyen Dflc Lfl. Tit tudng Hi Chi Minh vi cdng tdc tdn gido. Nxb T5n giao, Uk N6i, 2003, tr.34-35.
NGUYSNDUCLC
chu nghia xa h6i, m i con thfi'y sU Wdng dong nhfi't dinh giiia 1^ tudng ton giao v6i ly taSng cua nhufng ngUdi c6ng san.
Ngudi da co nhQng nhfin dinh rfi't dfic sfic r^ng, "Diic Giesu sinh ra vfio thcii dai chung ta, chfic Ngfii se lfi mfit ngudi xa h6i chu nghia"(14) vfi "Kh6'ng Tii cung c6 kha nfing trd thfinh ngUdi ke tuc trung thfinh cila Ldnin"(15).
Nhin chung, ngUdi c6ng san khdng nhQng khong chii trUOng loai ngudi c6 ton giao trong sU nghigp each mang do Dang Ifinh dao, mfi con sfin sfing kd't nap ho dUng trong hfing ngu ciia Dang.
Noi vdi ddng bfio cd dao v6n cdn it hieu bifi't ve chii nghia xa hoi, Hd Chi Minh giai thich rfi't cu the, thie't thUc vfi ro rfing: "Chu nghia xfi hdi la lfim sao cho nhfin dfin dii an, dii mfie, ngfiy cfing sung sUdng, ai nfi'y dUdc di hoc, dm dau cd thudc, gia khdng lao ddng thi dUdc nghi, nhflng phong tuc tap quan khdng td't dan dfin dUdc xofi bd (vi du: Ifi'y vd, Ifi'y chdng qua sdm, ciing bfii, lien hoan, ludi bieng...). Tdm lai, xa hdi ngfiy cfing tien, vfit chfi't ngfiy cfing tfing, tinh thfin ngfiy cfing td't, dd lfi chii nghia xa hdi"(16). "Chii nghia xfi hdi lfi lfim sao cho dfin gifiu nUdc manh"(17). Cu the hdn, chu nghia xa hoi lfi "mpi ngUdi dUdc fin no, mfie fi'm, sung sudng, tu do"(18), "ai ai cung dUdc hanh phiic vfi hpc hfinh tie'n bd".
Chu nghia xa hdi 14 nhu vfiy, xa hdi fiy cd gi 14 xa la vdi udc vpng ciia quin chiing tin dd vfi mong mud'n ciia nhiJng ngudi da tQng thfinh Ifip ra cac tdn giao Idn trSn the gidi? Se khdng cd gi dang ngac nhien khi thSfy trong nUdc ta cung
nhu trdn the gidi cd nhieu chQc sac vfi tin dd cfic tdn gifio tham gia dSiu tranh cfich mang vfi nhi^t tam xay dflng chu nghia xfi hdi, chu nghia cdng san. Vfi, ciing lai khdng it nhQng ke chfing cd tin ngUdng, tdn giao gi vfin cam tfim dm chfin ngoai bang ban re T^ qudc. Vfiy, hi^n nhien lfi hQu thfin hay vd thfin, c6 hay khdng cd tfn ngUdng, tdn giao khdng phai lfi 1^ dq quyet dinh thfii do chinh tri cua moi ngudi.
Trong bfii "Cdng san vfi Cdng gifio"
dfing trdn bao Si/ That tfl nfim 1949, khi trinh bfiy "chd gfip nhau ciia Cong giao vfi Cdng san", cd Tdng Bi thu Trudng Chinh da ndi rd: "Cdng san v6 thfin, cdng gifio hflu thin, th^ nhung Cdng san vfi Cdng giao vfin cd chd gimig nhau. Ly tudng Cdng san vfi ly tudng cua Chua Co ddc khdng khac nhau may. Chiia mudn ngUdi ta dflng Ifla dao, bdc Idt Ifin nhau, Chiia mud'n ngfldi ta tuong than tUdng ai. Ngudi Cdng san cung mud'n the"(19).
Cd' Td'ng Bi thu Nguyin Vfin Linh rfit am tudng tdn gifio vfi ban than dng da gay cam tinh ddi vdi gidi chflc sfic cac tdn giao gid'ng nhfl Hd Chi Minh. Ong khdng chi cd tinh pam than thien ddi vdi Tdng Giam muc Nguyin Vfin Binh khi dng cdn lfim Bi thfl Thfinh iiy, ma cdn ddi vdi chflc sflc ciia cac tdn giao (14) Trin Tam Tinh. Th^p gid vd luai gurni. Nxb Tre, Tp. HS Chi Minh, 1988, tr.79.
(15) Ho Chi Minh. Todn tdp, t.2. Nxb Chinh tri Quoc gia, H& N6i, 1995, tr.453-454.
(16) HS CUMiiJi. Sdd., t.lO, tr.59l.
(17) HS Chl Minh. Sdd., t.8, tr.226.
(18) HS CM Minh. Sdd., t.8, tr.395.
(19) Xem: Bao Su ThSt, sS 105, ngiy 25/12/1948 vi stfllO, ngiy 1/5/1949.
TON GIAO V(3l C H O N G H I A XA HOI - D 6 I Difiu SUY NGAM khac. Trong Hdi thao khoa hpc, ngfiy
29/2/2012, Hda thfldng Thich Tri Quang tfim sU: Khi gap cu Nguyen Vfin Linh vdi phong dp khoan thai, gipng ndi nhd nhe khie'n cho Hofi thUdng cd cam gific nhu gap mdt vi thien sfl.
Cdng cudc ddi mdi dat nUdc dUdc bfit dfiu tu nam 1986, nhUng ddi mdi tfl duy ve tdn gifio phai sau 4 nfim mdi chinh thfle dupc de cfip d Nghi quyet sd' 24-NQ/TW cua Bd Chinh tri, ngfiy 16/10/1990 vS~ tfing cudng cdng tac tdn giao trong tinh hinh mdi, do cd' Tdng Bi thfl Nguyen Vfin Linh true tidp chi dao vfi ky ban hfinh.
Nghi quyet nfiy lfi d^u mdc th^ hidn rd nhfit quan diem mdi ciia Dang ta v l tdn giao va cdng tac tdn giao, trong dd cd ba lufin diem quan trpng: Ton giao Id udn di con ton tai lau ddi; tin ngUdng, tdn giao Id nhu cdu tinh thdn cua mpt bp phan nhdn ddn; dgo dijec tdn gido co
nhieu diiu phd hop vdi cdng cuoc xay dijtng xd hgi mdi. NhQng lufin didm ay edn dflpe the Men cu t h i hdn d nhOug van ban tiep theo cua Dang va Nhfi nflde ta sau n4y. Ddng ehi Nguydn Vfin Linh cho rfing, du theo dao nfio, nhflng trfldc hS't dd 14 ngfldi Vidt Nam, da lfi ngfldi Vidt Nam trflde he't phai yeu nUde, phai dflng ISn chdng qufin xfim lUdc va bd Hi ban nflde; rfing, h i ai chfim lo quyen Ipi eho nhan dan Vidt Nam, bfi't ki ngudi Viet Nam dd 14 Kinh hay Thfldng, theo ThiSn Chua gifio hay Phfit giao hoac lfi theo cdng san... thi dd 14 ngfldi cfich mang, ai xfim lUde, bfin nflde, bde Idt ngflcli Viet Nam thi phai chdng lai. Ngflcti cd tin ngUdng, tdn giao hay khdng cd tin ngUdng, tdn gifio ciing
ddu cd nhu efiu dupe sd'ng hanh phuc ngay tr§n t r i n thd' nfiy, cflng nhau xay dflng thfinh cdng chu nghia xfi hdi d Vidt Nam. 'Vi thC trfldc dfiy cung nhu hidn nay, nhidu thanh nidn Cdng giao gia nhfip dofin the cfich mang, gia nhfip qufin dpi vfi nhilu ngfldi da trd thfinh dang vidn.
Khi cdn lfi ngudi cfing san tre tudi bi giam gifl d nhfi lao Hda Ld, Nguyin Vfin Linh da cd cd hdi dpc Kinh Thfinh, nghign eflu nhan vfit Giesu, dng tfim sU:
"Khi thfiy Dflc Giesu cd mdt thai dp quyet het dd'i vdi ngUdi gifiu cd mfi vd dao dfle vfi cd mdt quan tam dfic biSt dd'i vdi ngudi ngheo; tfl dd tdi nghi rfing, neu ngfldi Cdng giao lfim theo giao hufi'n cua Dflc Gi6su thi sS rfi't gin gui vdi ly tudng ciia nhflng ngfldi cdng san"(20). Ong rfilt trfin trpng vfi coi
"Gidsu Cling 14 mdt ngUdi yeu nUdc, thudng dfin. Giesu 14 eon mdt gia dinh thd mdc. Theo Giesu cd 12 thanh tdng dd xutt than deu 14 nhiJng ngUdi lao ddng 14m nghi ch4i lUdi, thd mdc... 6ng Mdixe cung nhu dng Gidsu 14 nhiing ngfldi yeu nUdc thUdng dfin, 14 nhflng nh4 cfich mang thdi bfi'y gid"(21). Cd the ndi, quan dilm cua Nguyin Vfin Linh r£t gin vdi quan diem cua Ph.Angghen khi dfinh gia ve Kitd gifio sd ky vfi quan diem cua Hd Chi Minh cho rfing, "ne'u Dflc Giesu sinh ra vfio thdi dai chung ta vfi phai dat minh trUde nhQng ndi khd' dau cua ngUdi dfldng thdi, chfic Ngfii se
(20) Xem: Tudn bdo C6ng gido n g i y 14/1/1993, tr4-5.
(21) Xem: Bdi mdi cdng tdc that. H i Noi, 1991, tr.36-36.
a Vdn tdc, 8^933, qudn chung. Nxb Sil
51
NGUviN DUG L C
\k mdt ngiidi xa hdi chu nghia di tim diidng etiu khd loM ngUdi"(22). Luftn dd nay cua Hd Chi Minh eung chinh \k didu Ngudi da tufng ndi vd Khdng T^ tii nam 1927: "Ndu Khdng Txt sdng d thdi dai chiing ta..., cung ed kha nSng Ik sidu nhSn nky chiu thich Cfng vdi hokn eanh va nhanh chdng trd th&nh ngUdi ke tuc trung th&nh ciia Ldnin"(23).
Fidel Castro ciing cho rfing, "nhiing Sli trung hop giiia Kitd giao v^ chii nghia cdng san nhieu gA'p van ifin so vdi nhiing trung h(?p cd thd cd giQa Kitd giao vdi chu nghia tii ban"(24).
3- Suf doi mdi n h a n thijfc ve ton giao trong chu nghia xa hoi
0 niidc ta, trong Nghi quyet sd^ 25 - NQ/TW cua Ban Cha'p hanh Trung xi(mg khda IX ngay 12/03/2003 cd ghi:
"Tin ngiidng, tdn giao Ik nhu e^u tinh than cxia mdt bo phan nhan dSn, dang va se tdn tgi ciing ddn tdc trong qud trinh xdy ditng chu nghia xd hdi d nUdc ta"(25) (NDL. nhdn mgnh).
Nhin ehung, nhiing ngUdi cdng san khdng chu triidng ehdng tdn giao trong chu nghia xa hdi, m^ chi chd'ng nhiing ai ldi dung tdn giao vi muc di'eh phi ton giao gay hSu qua tidu ciic de'n ddi sd'ng xa hdi.
Trong Dai le td chiic tai Vidt Nam nam 2008, nguyen Chu tich nade Nguyen Minh Triet cho r^ng, Dai \h Phat dan Lien hdp qudc ditdc td chiie tai Viet Nam la Sli khing dinh Nha niide Vi^t Nam tdn trong va ung hd quydt dinh dting dan eua Lien hdp qudc, ehon ngay Tam hdp Dtie Phat la ngay van hda tdn giao the gidi, ddng thdi khing dinh Nha
niidc Vi$t Nam ludn quan tam va tdn trong nhiing gia tri dao diic tot dep cua ckc tdn giao mang lai cho ddi sd'ng xa hdi, trong dd cd Phat giao. 6 n g da nha^Q manh, Dai le Phat dan Lidn hdp qudc nam nay la cd hdi td't de tang eiidng sii hidu biS^t, doan ket, eiing nhau hdp tac xfiy dung xa hdi tdt d?p, mdt Niet ban trong thd gidi hien thUe, gdp phin ngan chan sU xung dot, hoa giai cac cudc chidh tranh va d^y liii cac nguy cd nghdo ddi, khd dau trong ddi sdng xa hdi, dUa con ngUdi tdi cudc sd'ng an vui.
Nguydn Chii tich nude mong m6i ngUdi la mot Sli gia eua thidn chi, hda binh va Dai ll se tiep siic manh, sii quyet tam de tiep tue ndu cao ehinh phap eiia Diic Phat trong ddi sd'ng xa hdi, vi tUdng lai tUdi sang va tdt dep cua toan nhan loai.
Trong Citang Unh xdy dUng ddt niidc trong thdi ky qud do lin chu nghia x&
hdi (Bo sung, phdt triin ndm 2011) cd ghi: "Xa hdi xa hdi chu nghia ma nhSn dan ta xay dUng la mot xa hdi: Dan giau, nUdc m^Jih, dan chu, cdng bang, van minh; do nhan dan lam chu; cd nen kinh te phat trien cao diia tren lUc luorig san xUa't hi^n dai va quan hd san xu^t tign bd phii hdp; cd nen van hoa tien tien, dam da ban sic dfin tdc; con ngUdi ed cude sd'ng a'm no, tU do, hanh phiic, c6 (22) DSn theo; TrSn Tam Tinh. Sdd.. tr.79.
(23) H6 Chi Minh. Todn tdp, t.2. Nxb Chinh tri Qu6c gia, Hk N$i, 1995, tr.4'53-454
(24) Trung tfim Khoa hpc xa hdi vk nhSn v&n Qu6c gia, Vi^n Nghi&n cijiu T6n giao. Vi tdn gido, t.l.
Nxb Khoa hoc xa hSi, Hk Noi, 1994, tr.91.
(25) Dang Cong san Vift Nam. Vdn kiin Hgi nghi lan thd tidy Ban Chdp hdnh Trung UOng khda IX.
Nxb Chinh tri QuSc gia, Hk N$i, 2003, tr.45-56.
T6N GIAO vdl CHO NGHIA XA H 6 I - D 6 I Difiu SUY NGAM dieu kien phat tridn toan dien; cac dan
toe trong cdng ddng Viet Nam binh dang, doan kdt, tdn trong va giiip nhau eiing phat trien; cd Nha nUde phap quyen xa hdi chu nghia ciia nhan dan, do nhan dan, vi nhan dan do Dang Cong san lanh dao; ed quan he hiiu nghi va hdp tac vdi cac nudc tren thdgidi"(26).
Trong mdi trUdng xa hoi ehu nghia, Phat giao, Cdng giao cung nhu eae tdn giao khac cd dieu kidn thuan ldi de hoat ddng tdn giao mot each tU do va gdp phan vao viec giQ gm gia tri dao diic, van hda truyen thd'ng cua dan tdc.
Hie'm ed thdi ky nao ma ton giao d Viet Nam lai ed dUdc mdi trUdng d^
hoat dong "dao va ddi" thuan ldi nhU nhflng thap ky qua.
Truyen thd'ng nhap the eua cac tdn giao d Viet Nam trong qua khii da gdp phfin ghi nhiing trang chdi loi cho lich srI dan toe. Ngay nay, trong sU nghiep ddi mdi va bdi canh quoc te^ cac vi chtic sac va tin dd eae ton giao eung khdng it trfin trd, lo toan cho van nUde trUde xu thd toan efiu hda vtfa lim cd may, viia nhieu thaeh thiic. Nhiing nam qua, cac to chiic tdn giao da tidn hanh nhieu boat ddng nhan dao, tii thidn, nhU tien hanh quyen gdp giiip dd ngUdi bi thidn tai, bdnh tat, b^t hanh cd ddn; giup gia dinh ngheo vUdt khd, bao trd hoc sinh, sinh vien cd hoan canh khd khan; tham hdi nhiing gia dinh thUdng binh, liet si, ngUdi cd cdng vdi each mang; md ldp tinh thUdng; kham chfla benh midn phi;
nudi dudng ngUdi gia khdng ndi nUdng tua... Nhflng ngliia cxt cao dep a'y ehflng td tdn giao hda nhap eude s^ng, eiing se
chia vdi budn vui ciia con ngiidi trong thd gidi hidn hflu.
Thiie td eho thfi'y, chu nghia xa hdi khdng nhflng khdng han che, mfi trai lai la mdi trudng thuan ldi cho vigc thiic hidn dfiy du quydn tfl do tin ngUdng, tdn giao chan chinh cua nhan dan. Vfi chinh dieu nay eung lai tao cd hdi eho cac tdn giao d Vi?t Nam ddng gdp eho Sli nghi$p xay dflng va bao ve Td qude.
Mot vi Hda thUdng da khing dinh:
"Mue tigu xuyen sud't trong hoat ddng eua Giao hdi Phat giao Viet Nam: Dao phap - dan toe - ehu nghia xa hdi. Gfin dao vdi ddi, phat huy truyen thdng yeu nude va dai dofin ket dan tdc, ddng hanh cung sfl phat tridn cua dat nflde hfldng tdi xay diing eude sdng giau dep, van minh, hidn dai"(27).
Lich stt da minh ehflng, cd nhflng ton giao khi mdi hinh thanh hofie du nhfip da tling xung ddt vdi vfin hda vfi t h i ehe ehinh tri dfldng thdi. NhUng rdi, nd lai tu didu chinh dd thich flng mdi cd thd phat trien. Su thich flng vdi chinh tri cua tdn giao nhU quy lufit cua sU tdn tai vfi phat trien cua tdn giao. O nUdc ta, gfin day cd mot so ngUdi da tim hieu vd md'i quan hd giiia tdn giao vdi chu nghia xa hoi. Tuy nhien, chiing ta vfin thieu nhflng cdng trinh khoa hoc nghien eflu he thdng, day du ve mdi quan he nay, ma d dd khdng it sii tfldng ddng. Q
(26) Dang C§ng san Vi§t Nam. Van ki$n Dgi hdi dai biiu todn qudc idn thii XI. Nxb Chinh tri Quae gia,HaN6i,2011,tr.70.
(27) Thich Thanh Tii. Bgo phdp vd ddn tgc. Tap chi Nghien cOu T6n giao, S6 6-2006.
