KHOA H O C KY THUAT THU Y TAP XXVI S 6 7 - 2 0 1 9
too tm mjimi; - Soat tong nganj
CAC GIAI PHAP CHU DONG PHONG CHONC DiCH CUM GIA CAM TAI HA NOI
Benh cum gia cim la mpt Ioai benh tmyen nhiem nguy higm do virus gay nen, hien nay do bign doi khi h(iu, moi tnrang chan nuoi bit Igi ngn virus a i m gia cam da a trang thai biln chiing, nhilu chung moi phat sinh, phat triln. Da co nhieu chiing gay benh fren gia c5m(nhucumA/H5Nl,H5N6,H5N8....), nguy hilm hon, CO chiing vims cum gia cira lay nhigm sang ngu6i v^ c6 kha nang gay tir vong a ngu6i (nhu chiing ciim A'H7N9). Dich b?nh xay ra se Iam anb buong, tiiidt hai Ion den kmh te, luu thong van chuyen, toe dp phat triSn chan nuoi, dac biet anh huong den an suih xa hpi.
Ducmg lay tmyen cua bfnh thi rat rpng, lay true tiep giira con khoe con dm, co flie lay tmygn gian tiep qua khong khi, fliiic an, nuac uong, quan ao, dung cu chan nuoi va cac Ioai gam nhim. Ben canh do cac chung vims ciim gia cam con co the xam nhiem vao nhieu loai dpng vit khac nhau (nhu chim, Ign, ngua, hai cau, ci voi, ho va con nguoi..,) ho$c co the gay nhiem tren thirc an, nuac, dung cu va quin ao, toe dg lay tmygn ihuong nhanh, manh, rpng ra cac viing mign khac nhau.
Ha Npi hifn co tong dan gia cam diing top dau ca nuoc voi khoang 31 trieu con, co chg Ha VT (thupc huyen Thuang Tin) la cha buon ban gia cam song Ion nhat khu vuc phia Bac, hang ngay xuat/nhap khoang 50 - 60 tan gia cam, thuy cam song (khoang 25-30 ngan con), s l lugng fren tit a khlp cac tinh tiianh fren dja ban ca nuac do ve, kg ca hi cac tinh mien Nam, mign Tning, Mat khac, khi bgnh dich tS Ign chau Phi xdy la, nguci tieu dimg sit dung Iugng thit gia cam, thuy cam nhigu hon bii dip cho viec thieu hyt fliit Ipn nen so lupng gia elm, thuy cam thai gian qua frgn thj tmong CO chieu huong gia tang manh. Dfr bao tir nay dgn cu6i nam, nhit I^ djp Tgt Nguygn Dan Canh Ty luu lupoig van chuygn gia siic gia c&n ra/vao Thanh ph6 la rit l i ^ (lac bi?t la gia d m , thuy cam (kl ca gia cam thuang pham va gia d m gi6ng).
Mac dil chan nuoi gia d m c6 s6 Iugng Icm song phitong fliiic chan nuoi chii ygu van la chan nuoi nho Ie
NguySn Ngpc Sen Chi cue Chdn nuoi vd Thu y Hd Noi
nen keo theo hg luy la gigt mo nho Ie, tren dia ban flianh pho hign CO tai 456 co so, digm giet mo nho Ie. Han niia do t|.p quan sit dyng ga tuoi nen 6 cdc chg tmyIn thong, chg frong khu vfrc ngi thanh con nhieu tmong hgp gigt mo ngay tai nai ban (khoang I -2 con) lam anh huong khong nho den moi tmong. Tir thyc trang fren, nguy CO bung phat dicb bgnh trgn dan gia cam thiiy cam tai Ha Npi fli6i gian t6i, nhit la b ^ cum gia e l m la rat cao.Dg chu dgng phong chong b?nh ciim gia cam, n g u ^ chan nu6i can tap trung trien khai mgt so giai phap cy the nhu sau:
Th\rc hign tigm phong diy du cac lo^i vacxin cho dan gia cam, frong do co vacxin ciim gia cam (ciim PJ H5N1). Day la giai phap quan trpng nham tao mien dich chil dpng de phong chong bgnh cum gia cam. Mgt s6 luu y khi tigm phong cac lo^i vacxui va vacxin ciim la phai tiem thai digm gia d m khoe manh (trir tmong hpp khi c6 dich, can bg chuygn mon co the cho phep tin cong vacxin thing vao 6 dich). Tot nhat nen tiem phong vdo thai digm sang sam va chigu t6i, khong nen tiem v ^ fliiri dilm ning nong, nhit la nhimg ngay co nhi?t &Q cao. Sii dung vacxin dam bao mpt so nguyen t i c C0 ban nhu vacxin con han su dyng, tiem diing lieu, CO thg cho phep tigm ciing vdi mpt hai lo^i vacxin khac (Newcastle, Gumboro ,..) nhung phai tiem khac vj tri,
Khii fr^g tigu dOc chu6ng nuoi, moi tmong xung quanh, mgt giai phdp nham han chg. ngan chjn mam b?nh, xu ly ngdn ch?n mam b?nh. Dg iam t6t dieu nay, d n xir \</ nhigu loai thuoc sat tning dg franh tmong hgp nhcm fliudc. Hipn tai dang c6 nhigu loai thuoc sat tnjng sii dyng O-ong moi truang chan nuoi vd xit 1^ moi ttuong, ke cd vi?c sir dyng thu6c sat triing khi chudng nuoi dang co gia d m nhung van ddm bao an toan siic khoe ddn gia d m . Nen chpn lua lo^i ihuoc phii hgp vai Ilia tu6i gia d m va nhtrng Ioai fliuoc an toan doi vai gia cdm non.
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KHOA HOC KY THUAT THHJ Y TAP XXVT SO 7 - 2019
Doi vai cac hp kinh doanh gia cam song Iai cac cbg, can thuc bien nghigm nhimg quy dinh ciia dia phuong frong viec mua ban tai mgt khu vuc rieng frong chg, tranh viec ngoi buon ban o nhiing nai khong diing quy dinh de dam bac \ iec khii trimg tigu dpc khu vuc ban dimg quy dinh ciia dia phuong, ban quan Iy chp. Hon nira cung la viec fliuan Igi cho nguai mua ban, mang Iai hieu qua kinh te cao hon nhung van dap ung yeu cau phoog chong dich benh. Doi voi cdc chg lan nhu chp Ha VT (Thuang Tin), chg Hai Boi (Dong Anh) can thuc hien nghigm viec lay mau xet nghiem djnh ky ciia co quan thii y de dam bao viec du bao, kip fliai phat hien va ngan chan dich benh. Truong hgp khi co dich benli xay ra, chap banh nghigm viec dong cua chg frong mpt thoi gian ngan de thuc hien viec tieu dpc khu trimg toan khu WC ngan chan mam benh phat sinh, phat trien. Khi CO gia cam 6m, chet, bieu hien khong bmh thuong can thuc hien tot viec tieu dpc va xir Iy gia cam chet theo quy dinh.
Kiem soat giet mo gia cam, fliiiy cam, fren dja ban Thanh pho hien dang tap trung xay dung ca sa giet mo tap trung, han che giet mo nho Ie de dam bao an loan thuc pham, an toan dich benh. Cac doanh nghiep va ngucri chan nuoi can c6 su phoi hop lien ket de xay dung cdc 16 giet mo gia cam tap trung de kiem sodt nguon goc va tinh hinh dich benh ciia gia cam gigt mo, ap dung day chuyen gigt mo tu dpng va d6ng goi san phdm khi dua ra tieu thu Day cung la mpt frong nhiing giai phdp hihi hieu dg ngan chan dich benb, gop phan xay dung chuoi lign kgt tigu fliu san phim.
Doi moi phuong thiic chan nuoi, mpt frong nhirna gidi phap lau dai vira dg dam bao an todn dich benh, an toan thuc pham va chan nuoi co hieu qud b6n vung.
Chan nuoi tap trung, trang trai, each xa khu dan cu theo quy trinh chan nuoi khep kin la dieu kien hang diu trong phong benb. Tuy nhien, viec nuoi gia d m flieo
huang phat huy gi6ng gia d m ban dia (cliu yeu la gd) (nhu ga Mia Son Tay gd Mia Iai. ga doi Ba Vi, ga doi Soc Son, vit CO Van Dinh . . . ) , cdc gi6ng gia cam ndy m i c ciim gia d m \^oi ty Ie cung khd cao ngn can chii y han dgn phucmg p h ^ , ky thudt chan nuoi, ky thuat xii Iy moi fruong, tiem ph6ng de dan gia cam co sue dg khang cao vai benh ciim gia d m . Khi phat hien gia d m c6 bieu hien trieu chiing khong binh tiiuong nhu bo an, li ru. diing turn mpt goc chuong, can bao ngay cho can bp thii y ca sa va chinh quyen dia phuong de kip thoi CO giai phap phong chong dich benh tai gia duib vd khu vuc xung quanh. Truong hpp co gia cam chet, phdi thuc hien nghiem viec tigu hiiy gia cam chgt, tuyet doi khong dugc viit xdc chgt ra moi truong. Dong fliai tien banh ngay viec xir Iy moi tnrong trong khu vuc chan nuoi dg ngan chan dich benh.
Benh ciun gia cam (nhat la cum -A/H7N9) con CO kha nang lay sang nguoi ngn cdn chu dpng phong chong benh lay sang nguoi. khi tham gia chau nuoi can trang hi day dii bdo hp lao dpng (nhu khiu trang, gang tay, quan do bdo hg, kinh bao bp, img . . . ) . Voi nguoi tigu dimg, han che tiep xiic voi gia cam co bieu hien benh, gia cam chgt, han che mua gia cam song tu giet mo, tot nhdt ngn mua gia cam da gigt m6 tir cdc ca so giet m6 chuyen nghiep qua kiem dich thii y, dugc dong goi bdo quan co ghi rp noi gigt mo va ban sii dung. Chi an gia cam vd san pham gia cam da nau chin, khong an tiet canh, tning song, luu y vg sinh ca nhan truac khi sii dung sdn pham gia cam, nhat Id gia cam s6ng.
Phong chong benh ciim gia cam bdo ve siix; khoe cpng dong can co su quan tam chi dao hon niia oia cdc cdp chinh quyen, su chung tay thuc hien cac giai phdp cua ca cpng dong, nguoi chan nuoi, nguai tieu dimg, CO nhu vay se han chi thip nhit benh cum gia cam xay ra./.
Can bo thu y thuv hien kiem soat
giet mo gia cam truw: khi twu thong Tiem phong vacxin cho gia cam de chu dgng phong chong dich benh
KHOA HQC KY THUAT THO Y TAP XXVI S6 7 - 2019
mm H O TROfDAC Lire CHO AN TOAN SINH HOC
Tac gia: BSTY Nguyen V3n Non - Giam doc Ky thuat heo, Ceva Viet Nam Hien nay, trnh hinh djch t l cua Djch ta heo chau Phi (ASF)
diin bign day phiTc tap vdi hdn 3,3 trieu con bi tieu huy va ioai thai do benh, gay ra thiet hai kinh te nghiem trpng.
Vi the, van de io iang hang dau cua mpi ngUcJi chan nuoi jieo chinh is nguy cd lay ian benh ASF co kha nang xam nhilm vao trai khSng? Vay iam the nao de ngSn ngiia sU lay ian va bao ve dan heo ciia trai? Kim chi nam la thUc hi§n tot va tuan thii diing chUdng trinh an toan sinh hpc.
AN TOAN SINH HOC (ATSH) khong phai danh muc cfing viec ran lam v6i day dii mo ta chi bet tifrig bUdc, ma diinh la quy trinh thUc hanh, kiem tra va danh gia, Mgc tieu ATSH nham thoa man ba yeu to:
• Ngan ngiia mlm benh xam nhap tii ngoai (bio-exclusion),
• Kiem soat mam faenh hien trong trai (bio-management),
• Ngan ngua truyen lay cho moi trfrcJng xung quanh va qua chuoi cung cap thUc pham (bio-containment).
Chu'dng trinh ATSH phai dUdc tieu chuan hoa (SOP) va du'dc kiem tra danh gia thucfng xuyen nham dam bao cac bS phan lien quan deu thau hieu va cam kgt thUc hien cung nhau. ATSH tot nen thuc hien diing va du 3 bUdc:
(1) phan khu va each ly, (2) quan iy ra vao, (3) ve sinh sat trung.
Ve sinh sat trung chi la mpt phin trong viec thUc hien tot ATSH, vay iam the nao la vg smh sat trimg TOT?
V^ SINH SAT TRIJNG (VSST) la hai viec khac nhau va cSn ket hdp thUc hien. Neu muon sat triing tot trudc het phai ve sinh tot. Sir dung thuoc sat triing dung each la dung sau khi thuc hien ve sinh lam sach, tay rira mang bam va chat hull cd hay mang sinh hpc. Bdi vi chi khi tJo thi fliuSc sat frung mdi that sU phat huy tac dung.
MANG SINH Hpc
I^
VSST tap trung vao 3 van de cot veu sau:
(!) VSST sau khi da chuyen chuong va trong chuong, trong quy trinh "cung vao - ciing ra", (2) VSST phUdng tien van chuyen heo va vat dung khac, (3) VSST ngU6i ra vao trai heo,
Trong do, yeu to quan trpng nhat trong tinh hinh dich benh iuc nay la XE CHff HEO, bao gom xe van chuydn heo \.\i trai den 16 mo, xe tu" 16 mo ve trai de mua heo, va nguy hiem nhat la xe chd heo benh trong viing dang co djch. Vay lam the nao de dam bao VSST xe chd heo hieu qua va diing each?
XE Chd HEO can dUpc VSST theo 3 giai doan:
(l)vesinh, (2) sat trimg, (3) lam kho.
Quan trpng nhat cua giai doan (1) ve sinh la sau khi ch6 heo, can tien hanh 6 khu rigng bigt, dam bao ve sinh tat ca cac ngoc ngach va mpi bp phan xe, sau do mdi chuyin qua khu vUc sat trung va iam kho, Tranh vay nhiem cheo la rat can thiet trong viec VSST xe. Tiep theo cln dac biet lUu y den viec diing chat tay rifa va/hoac chat hoat dpng be m3t, muc tieu ciia giai doan (2) la iam sach mang bam va chat huU cd de tang hieu qua thuoc sat trung, Giai doan (3) lam kho nham ng3n ngCfa vi sinh vat tSng sinh trd iai. Cuoi ciing can luti y khau VSST cabin xe, Tham khao quy trinh sat trimg xe theo khuyen cao ciia Bp N6ng nghiep va Thgc pham Canada, 2011,
Quan iy Eot XE CHO HEO, khong nen ban thao heo benh, do cung la thUc hien ATSH giiip ngan ngii^ lay nhiem cho moi trU6ng xung quanh va trong chuoi thUc pham.
Ben canh do, nen can nhac thUc hien "Cung vao - Cimg ra" (All In - Ali Out, AIAOJ 6e tang them hieu qua ATSH.
ThUc hien AIAO giup dong bo su'c khoe mien djch dan, han che lay truyen mam benh va xuat chuong ciing luc.
KHOA HOC KY THUAT THU Y TAP XXVI SO 7 - 2019
5 quan diem sai fam ve viec sat triing da dUdc Net ke bdi Dr, Olivia Lattimore (Manager of Professional and Technical Services for the Human Health division at Virox Technologies Inc):
1) Tac dong nhanh hdn nghla la manh hdn, 2) Neu chat sat trung tieu diet dUdc hau het vi smh vat,
nghla la san pham do la chat doc.
3) Nong do cao hdn la tot hdn 4) Tay rii'a va sat b'ung la ciing mpt loai 5) Tat ca chat sat triing dUdc san xuat nhu" nhau nen
cd each su' dung giong nhau.
Van de dat ra: The nao la mpt quy trinh ve sinh sat trimg dung va lua chpn thuoc sat trimg the nao mdi hieu qua?
Nghien cuU gan day ciia tac gia M. Juszkiewicz va congsif du'dc dang tren tren tap chi nghien ciiu thii y (J Vet Res/63, 2019)'ie IUa chpn hoa chat sat triing de bat hoat virus ASF cho thay mot van de rat quan trpng ciia bUdc ve sinh trong hieu qua sat triing.
f ^-^Btint j I
Nghien culi nay ciJng de cap vai dac tinh cua virus /^F can dac biet iUu y. Day la vims cd vd bpc, khong qua khd de bat hoat, nhutig siic de Ichang ciia virus ngoai moi trUdng rat cao, dac faiet d dieu kien nam trong chat hiiu cd, mau va mo tai thdi tiet lanh va am. Co nhieu nhdm hoa chat sat triing cd the iam bat hoat /\SF vdi dieu kien phai dam bao ve sinh that tot trUdc khi sat triing. LUu y tiep theo la IUa chpn thuoc sat triing cd tinh tham mang te bao cao, ket hdp vdi tinh hoat dpng be mat hiiu hieu, Hieu qua ciia ttiuoc sat trimg ciing tUdng tu" khang sinh, moi nhdm cd cd die tac dpng va pho diet khuan khac nhau. Vi khuan khdng cd thanh te bao (Mycoplasma hay vi khuan Gram am} hoac virus khong cd vd bpc can phai diing nhdm thuoc tac dpng ben trong te bao, Trong thUc te dian nudi, viec sat trimg phai dam bao hieu qua cho tat ca mam benh chir khdng rieng mot vai benh, vi vay cong thiic trong thuoc sat triing thudng ia sU ket hdp ciia hai hoac nhieu hoa chat cd cd che tac dpng sat triing vira ben trong vira ben ngoai, dong thdi ket hdp vdi cac chat hoat dpng be mat nham gia tang hieu qua sat tning.
V^lKAKIt'^ - HO TRg OAC Lire CHO ATSH Bay la thuoc sat triJng the he mdi, cdng thiic dam dac k a hpp va can bang hoan hao giuS Glutaraldehyde va ADBAC (Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium diloride).
ADBAC vdi tac dpng tren mang lipophilic va lam thay doi tinh tham mang te bao, ket hdp vdi tac dpng lic che enzyme dac hieu tren DNA/RNA ciia Glutaraldehyde, lam tang tinh hiep dong va md rpng pho tac dpng chong lai tat ca vi sinh vat (vi khuan, nam moc, vims cd vd bpc va khong cd vo bpc), ADBAC cdn co tac dpng be mat hthi hieu, tao dieu kien hap thu dio cac chat diet khuan khac Glutaraldehyde vdi pho sat khuan cao, diet tat ca vims (co va khong cd vd bpc, ke ca virus gay benh ASF), tat ca vi k\niin. Mycoplasma, nam va bao tie, Glutaraldehyde con duy tri tac dpng tii' 7 den 10 ngay va giff dUpc hieu qua trong dieu kien cd mat chat hiJu cd.
VIKAKI.'^ vdi ham iUpng dam dac, 3 4 % ADBAC va lOVo Glutaraldehyde, cho phep sat trung tren mpi dieu kien be mat vdi pho sat khuan rpng, Tac dpng sat trung frong dieu kien ZO^C, kiem tra tai Chau Au/Phap:
S A T K H U A N Trong5phut,nongflo0.1%
DIET NAM Trong 15 phut, nong dp 1 %
^ VIRUS Trong 30 phiit, nong do 0.5%
- Lieu pha loang chi djnh tuT 0.5% den 1 % , - Phun dung djch sat trung: 0.33 lit/m^
K§r LUAN
ATSH la muc deu lau dai, frong dd con ngi/cJi la trpng tam.
Viec thiet lap chu'dng frinh ATSH, tir tuan thii thi/c hien, giam sat va danh gia, cho den chpn dung thuoc sat triing, tat ca deu do con ngu'di quyet djnh, Nen nhd, ve sinh sat friing chi la mpt phan trong ATSH va ve sinh hieu qua thi sat triing mdi hieu qua.
Nguon tai lieu tham khao:
1. Malgorzats Juszkiewicz eial: Charactenstics of selected active substances used in disinfectants and their acHvitv aaainst ASFV J Vet Res 63, 17-25, 2019
2. Shirai J et^l.: Effect of chlonne, iodine, and quaternary ammonium compound disinfectants on several exobc disease viruses. J Vet Med Sa 2000, 62, 85-92.
3. Uve hog transport vehicle: Wash/DisinfecVDiv protocols Agnculture and Agn-Food Canada, March 20U P'^°'^°'^-
