CHIEN LUOC VA QUY HOACH PHAT TRIEN THUONG M A I
GIAI PHAP PHAT TRIEN DICH VU LOGISTICS a QUANG TRI DE KHAI THAC TIEM NANG VA Lffl THE TREN HANH LANG
KINH TE DONG-TAY (EWEC)
ThS. Tran Hiru Hung, Huyen Vinh Linh, Tinh Qudng Tri Qudng Tri Id tinh thuoc viing Bac Trung bp, a vi tri huyet mgch cua hdnh lang kinh ti Bong - Tdy (noi Ldo - Thdi Lan - Mianmar qua cica khdu qude ti Lao Bdo v&i cdc cdng bien Mien Trung Viet Nam nhu: Cua Viet, My Thdy (trong tuang lai), ChdnMdy BdNang, VungAng...), c6diiuki$n giao thong thugn lai cd vi duang bp, duang sdt vd duang thuy. Bdy Id diiu kiin rdt thugn lai di phdt trien dfch vu logistics cda Qudng Tri, qua do ma rgng hap tde kinh ti trong khu vice, giao thuang hdng hoa, van tdi quoc ti, phdt triin thuang mgi, dieh vu vd du lich thuc ddy tdng truang kinh ti, xdy dung Qudng Tri tra thdnh mot trung tdm Logistics eua miin Trung vd khu vtfc. Ldm the ndo de Qudng Tri hien thue hoa nguon lai ndy Id moi quan tdm lan eua ede ngdnh vd cdc doanh nghiep cua Tinh trong boi cdnh ma eiea thi truang dich vu logistics trong ASEAN vd WTO.
Tir khoa: Bich v^ logistics; Hdnh lang kinh ti Bong - Tdy; Tinh Qudng Tri phdt trien dfch vu logistics.
I. Khai qu^t thu-c trang phat triln dich v^ logistics cua tinh Quang Tri.
Sy phat trien nhanh ehdng cua logistics da va dang mang lai nhieu thanh cdng cho cac doanh nghiep va qudc gia fren the gidi. Ndi den logistics la ndi den hieu qua va viec tdi uu hda frong cac nganh, cac doanh nghiep va nen kinh te; logistics ddng nghia vdi hieu qua cua ca qua trinh, chudi cung ling; nd ddi lap vdi lpi ich cue bd, lpi ieh nhdm ma lam tdn bai den lpi ieh toan eye, lpi ich qudc gia.
Trong nen kinh te thi trudng, logistics cang ddng vai frd quan frpng va la yeu td khdng the thieu frong san xuat, phan phdi va luu thdng hang hda, dac biet la frong vipc nang cao hieu qua eiia cac ho^t ddng san xuat va kinh doanh d mpi Imh vyc. CJ tam vi md, logistics giiip tdi mi boa qua trinh phan phdi, van chuyen, dy trii cac ngudn iyc, giiip cac qudc gia phat trien ben viing. (3 tim vi md, logistics ddng vai frd to Idn frong viec hoa giai cac bai toan dau vao va dau ra ciia cac doanh nghiep mdt each cd hipu qua thdng qua viec tdi uu hda cac boat dpng frong qua trinh san xuit - kinh doanh, tu dd giitp giam chi phi, nang cao nang l^c c&nh franh ciia doanh nghipp. Chi phi
cho logistics chiem khoang 10% gid tri cita hang hda luu thdng frong nude va chiem tdi 40% ddi vdi hang hda luu thdng fren thi tnrdng qudc te.
Trong khi dd, Quang Tri cd nhieu dieu kien thuan lpi de phat trien nganh logistics bdi ve mat dia ly, Quang Tri cd lpi the ve dia ly - kinh te, la dau radi giao thdng, nara d trung diem dat nude, d vi tri quan tipng fren hanh lang kinh te Ddng - Tay (ndi cac nude Lao - Thai Lan - Mianmar qua cua khau qudc te Lao Bao den cac cang bien Mien Trung cita Viet Nara) (hinh 1). Ben canh do, khi ty do hda hoan toan dich vy logistics frong ASEAN vao nam 2013 va frong WTO nam 2014, Quang Tri ciing nhu ca nude ed nhieu co hdi de tiep can vdi cac thi trudng logistics rpng Idn frong khu vyc va fren the gidi, vdi cac uu dai thuong mai (nhu: giam thue quan va phi thue, ap dyng cac quy che MFN, NT, GSP...) cho san pham, dich vy . Quang Tri ciing cd nhieu ca hdi de tiep can vai cac thanh tyu KH&CN mdi nhat, phuong tiiirc quan ly tien tien cita khu vyc, ddng thcri, boat ddng logistics d nude ta va d Quang Tri ndi rieng budc dau cung da thu hitt duoc sy quan tam eua cac cip quan ly d Trung ucmg, dia phuang va cac doanh nghiep.
NGHIEN CU'U THU'aNG MAI So 11 (10/2014) 15
CHIEN LUOC VA QUY HOACH PHAT TRIEN THU'ONG MAI
Hinh 1: Vi tri cua Quang Tri - Dilm dau ciia Vi^t Nam tren E W E C
Tuy vay, quan ly nha nude ve logistics van cdn diu tu xay dyng fren cac tuyen quoc Id va ca tinh Id, nhilu bit cap nhu: chua cd chiln lupc va quy hoach lara ban che sy phat trien cac dich vu logistics thiic tdng thi v l phat triln logistics, he thdng co che, diy tieu thy san pham va giao thuong hang hoa; cac chinh sach ve logistics cdn rat fliieu, cho den nay cac
dia phuang tren EWEC phia V e t Nam van ehua ban hanh dupe rapt van ban, quy dinh cu the nao ye phat friln dich vu Logistics fren dia ban, nhit la. ke hoach phat friln Logistics, quy hoach co sd ba ting co sd ha tang Logistics ca ha tang "phan ciing" va ha tang
"phan mem", chua cd khu chuyen tai hang hda, Tnmg tam logistics d ciia khau Quoc te Lao Bao,
Ve ket cau h? tang cho phat trien hgistics, chat lupng ciia cac tuyen dudng tinh Id va qudc Id cdn ban che, ludng vao cang Cua Vet bi bdi lang nhieu, ban che tau vao ra, chua cd cac tnmg tam logistics quy md Idn de ket ndi cae loai phuang tien van tai tren dia ban Tinh, cac diem dich vy logistics^ chua dupe
Bang 1: S6 luong doanh nghiep logistics v l v^n tai kho bai d Quang Tri
thii tuc Uen quan den boat ddng logistics (nhu thit ti^c hai quan, thit tuc hanh chinh...) chua thdng thoang, phiic t£^, cham trien khai, cd nhiing Nghi dinh tunam 2009 den nay van chua cd hudng din thyc hien mpt each rd rang (ND 80/2009/ND-CP), giiy phep van chuyen GMS (doanh nghiep phai di xin tai Tdng cue dudng bp V e t nam), cd qua nhieu tram kiem scat fren EWEC, phan cdch mem khdng hpp ly, ban che tde dp fren qudc Id 9 cung dang la nhung trd ngai Idn...
Trong khi dd, cac doanh nghief> logistics d Quang Tri hien sd lupng ban che, chit yeu cd quy md vua va nhd, kinh doanh cdn manh miin, chu yeu tap tnmg d thi trudng npi dia, ngudn nhan lye ve logistics thieu va chua dupe d i o tao bai ban.. .(bang 1).
VSn t ^ duong bo, duong dng V | n t ^ duong thuy Kho bgi va cac hoai ddnghdtrachovaDtdi Hoat ddng vian thdng
2005 17 6 8
2008 31
1 9 3
2009 33
1 9 5
2010 49
1 11 4
2011 74
2 12
4 2012
84 1 12 3
2013 93
1 12 5 Nguon: Nien gidm thong ke tinh Qudng Tri, thing 6/2014 (trang 124) Nhung bat cap, ton tai tren la do nhieu nguyen tuySn giao thong; duong x4u do thod tia, khong co cac nhan chu quan va khach quan nhu: Nhan thuc vS vai tuy&iduongthaythS; viec dinh hu6ng,h6taJ cua Nha tro, vi tri cua logistics ttong cac cip, cac nganh con nuac, hiep hoi d6i voi hoat dong logistics cia Quang chua (Hy du; kho khan vuong mac Uen c[uan d&i co Tri con han ch6; mo hinh tang truang kinh te hien chu scr h^ tang logistics ve giao thong, cang bien, cac tnmg yhi phat tri&i theo chiSu ipng, dua vao tai nguyen va tam logistics, cang can, cac ca so logisitcs tien cac
1. LS noi nghr ngffi, mua sam, si>a chOa, bSo hanh phi^cyng tien phge vy khSch du Ijch. gidi thi#u vg tieu thg san pham (day la ton tai cua cS h# thdng qu6c \Cf Viet Nam khi ma ca qu6c io I A va tuy^n du&ng H6 Chi Minh chua quy hogch va xay dung d l f o c mOt tmng t§m djch vu logistics nSo?)
lao dpng tiinh do thSp nen chua tao dieu kien tiiuan lpi cho logistics phat tiien; tilm luc oja cac doanh nghiep logistics vin con i4t han ch6... Cflng chinh boi ban ch6 va ly do neu tien, nen hien ray a Quang Tn, doanh thu tif hoat dpng logistics con rat khiem ton va van tai duong b6 vin \k chu ySu, chiSn toi 98,12% (bang 2).
1 6 NGHlfiN CCrU THU'aNG MAI Se 11 (10/2014)
CHIEN Ll/ffC VA QUY HOACH PHAT TRIEN THl/ONG M A I
Bang 2. Doanh thu tir boat dpng dich vu van tai, kho bai, dich vu h3 tror van tai cua Quang Tii DVT: Trieu dong
^ \ ^ Nam hinh ^ \ ^ doanh njjjiig) ^ ^ \ Vml^diKingbd V|n tai dUDDg tiiijy KhoMi HhatitfinglHiar.
2005 DT 20S9S7
6194
-
23452
%
S6f6 2,57
-
10,58 2010 DT 574085
7532
-
3877
%
98,05 1,29
-
0fi6 2012 DT 743915
14341 1343 21615
%
95,22 1,84 0,17 2,77
2013 DT 876620
198 2744 13813
%
98,12 0,02 031 1,55 Ngudn: Nien gidm thong ke tinh Qudng Tri, thdng 6/2014 (trang 124) 2. M o t sh giai p h ^ p p h a t t r i l n dich vu
logistics cua Q u a n g Tri t h d i ky tdi.
Nham phat huy cac tiem nang va Ipi the eiia Quang Tri tten Hanh lang Kinh te Ddng - Tay va khac phyc nhiing mat bat cap, tdn tai trong Imh vyc logistics, can tap trung thuc hien mdt sd giai phap CO ban sau:
Thic nhdt, nang cao nhan thiic ve vai ttd, vi tri cua logistics ttong phat trien kinh te ciia Quang Tri. M^c du logistics ddng vai ttd het sue quan ttpng, giiip ddi mdi md hinh tang trudng va c a cau hpp ly nen kinh te vi day la nganh "dich vy c a sd ha tang" cua ca nen kinh te, nhung cd the ndi, nganh logistic d Quang Tri va ca nude ndi chung vSn cdn non tte, hieu biet ve Imh vyc nay cita dai da sd can bp va ngudi dan van cdn ban ehe. Viec nang cao nhan thiic ve logistics ciia dpi ngu can bp quan ly cac nganh se tao dieu kien thuan lpi cho nganh logistics Quang Tri phat trien, khai thae lpi the cua Tinh tten EWEC va giiip chu cac doanh nghiep boa giai cac bai toan dau vao, dau ra ttong san xuat, kinh doanh cua mmh mdt each tdi uu, thuc day tieu thy san pham tu dd nang cao bieu qua san xuat, kinh doanh, ddng gdp cho tang trudng, chuyen dich c a cau kinh te va nang cao siic canh ttanh cho nen kinh te dia phucmg.
Thu hai, de phat huy tiem nang va lpi the cua Quang Tri tten EWEC, Nha nude, cac bd, nganh Trung u a n g can quan tam va nang miic img hd, tao mdi trudng, dieu kipn cho phat trien logistics d Quang Tri nhieu hon, nhu can sdm giai quydt nhung tdn tai, vudng mac va cac dd xuit, kien nghj cua Tinh, vi nhimg van dh nay hien dang la can ttd su phat trien va kha nang canh ttanh ciia dia phuong va cua Viet Nam tten EWEC; can sdm d o bd Bane ca huu hinh va vd
hinh d phia Viet Nam trudc khi vao ciia khau qudc te Lao Bao. Day la mpt ttong nhimg can ttd Idn cho md rdng giao thuong hang hoa, phat trien du lich tten tuyen dudng huyet mach chinh cua EWEC; can tiep tuc thuc hien chinh sach uu dai tai khu Kinh te - Thuang mai dac biet Lao Bao de cimg cd Idng tin cho cac nha dau tu, cac nha kinh doanh; Tiep tuc dau tu, hoan thien c a sd ha tang tai khu kinh te - thuang mai dac bipt Lao Bao; Cd binh thuc mem deo, thdng thoang ban cho viee luu thdng hang boa qua khu kinh te va ciia khau, ban che tdi da cac rao can dung len tten tiiyln EWEC.
Mat khac, vi logistics la loai hinh dich vy tdng hop, mang tinh lien nganh va ap dyng triet de cdng nghe thdng tin, viec quan ly dich vy lo- gistics cdn ddi hdi sy tham gia ciia nhieu nganh nhu giao thdng van tai, ke hoach va dau tu, thuang mai, hai quan, cdng nghe thdng tin... do dd, de dam bao sy thdng nhat ttong quan ly cung nhu sy nhat quan giiia cac quy dinh phap luat ve logistics, can thanh lap Ban quan ly va phat trien dich vy logistics d Quang Tri tten EWEC. Trudc mat, bd phan nay cd the nam d Sd Cdng Thuang hoac ttong Ban quan ly cac khu kinh te ciia Quang Tri. Ddng thdi, day nhanh cdng tac dao tao ngudn nhan lye cho nganh logistics Quang Tri ciing nhu sdm xay dyng cac chuang trinh dao tao, bdi dudng logistics cho cac can bd quan ly, can bd kinh doanh va cac doanh nghiep tten dia ban.
Thic ba, hoan thien cac co che, chinh sach khuyen khich, uu tien eho khu kinh te - Thuang mai dac biet I ^ o Bao, dau tu phat trien co sd ha ting logistics d Quang Tri tten EWEC. Tap trung quy hoach, dau tu xay dyng ket cau ha tang, phuang tien ky thuat ddng bd, tien tien, nham ho ttp cho sy phat trien logistics nhu he thdng giao thdng van tai, cac nha ga, hp thdng cang sdng, NGHIEN CCrU THU'aNG MAI So 11 (10/2014) 1 7
CHIEN LUOC VA QUY HOACH PHAT TRIEN THl/ONG MAI
bien, cang bang khdng, kho hang, ben bai dupe ket ndi lien hoan cimg cac trang thiet bi xep dd hang hda container d cac diem van tai giao nhan.
Nha nude, Bp giao thdng van tai can sdm trien khai xay dyng cau Xa Ot - II bac qua sdng Sepdn da dupe phe duyet, la yeu td rat quan ttpng de khai thae hieu qua EWEC phia Viet Nam va ca Khu Kinh te - Thuong mai dac biet Lao Bao tten EWEC; can sdm trien khai xay dyng Tnmg tam logistics tai Khu Kinh te Thuong mai dac biet Lao Bao va Tnmg tam logistics ket ndi khu vue cang Cira Viet, cang My Thuy (ttong tuong lai) va Thanh phd Ddng Ha theo budng logistics xanh, van tai da phuong thirc tten dia ban - do se la trung tam logistics cua ca mien Tnmg va khu vyc sau nay; Sdm cd ke hoaeh thuc bien du an xay dyng ducmg sat Lao Bao - Ciia Viet - My Thuy, nang cap he thdng ducmg qudc Id, dac biet la qudc Id 9 hien nay. Chi cd nhu vay mdi phat huy tiem nang va lpi the ciia Viet Nam va Quang Tri tten EWEC.
Thie tu, dau tu nang cap ha tang cdng nghe thdng tin phuc vy phat trien nganh logistics ciia Quang Tri, khuyen khich cac doanh nghiep img dung rpng rai cdng nghe thdng tin ttong quan ly cac boat ddng logistics tten dia ban nham nang cao hieu <iua eae dich vy logisites.Khi thdng tin thdng sudt se giiip cac doanh nghiep ttong ITnh vue nay nhanh ehdng cap nhat cac phuang tien, hang boa dupe van chuyen giua cac ben lien quan, kip thdi trien khai cae dich vy nhu thu tyc hai quan, td chirc xep dd va giao hang cung nhu giai phdng phuang tien van chuySn, tu dd ban chl tdi da cac chi phi phat sinh eiing nhu cac chi phi khdng chinh thiic khac, phat huy hieu qua cac trung tam logistics se dupe xay dyng d Quing Tri.
Thir ndm, phat trien he thdng logistics ndi chung va cac dich vu logistics ndi rieng phai gin vdi hdi nhap va lien kk ttong vimg kinh tS ttpng diem, hanh lang kinh te va uu tien phat ttiin nhieu loai hinh doanh nghiep logistics. Tu thi ch8 phap luat, CO sd ha tang logistics phyc vy phat ttien ben vimg va nang cao nang lye eanh ttanh cua cac doanh nghiep logistics den viec Idiai thae, sii dyng dich vu logistics deu phai dupe tilp tijc hoan thien, nang cap va dat ttong bdi canh hpi nhap eua nen kinh te va ttong toan he thong lo- gistics ciia khu vyc ASEAN va the gidi, khi ma nam 2013 Viet Nam md cua thi trudng dich vy
logistics ttong ASEAN va nam 2014 - Viet Nam md ciia thi trudng logistics ttong WT0.B6n canh tao dieu kien cho viec lien doanh, lien ket vdi cac ddi tac ttong khu vyc, Tmh can uu tien phat trien nhilu loai hinh doanh nghipp logistics cung nhu cd giai phap hieu qua giiip cac doanh nghiep lo- gistics chii dpng ciing cd npi luc, khac phue nhimg ylu kem ndi tai va tang cudng lien ket, lien doanh giiia cac doanh nghiep.
Thu sdu, la diem dau cua Vipt Nam ttSn tuyin hanh lang kinh tl Ddng - Tay, Quang Tri ckn tich eye nghiSn cim va ttao ddi kinh nghi?m ciia cac nude ttong khu vuc va cae nude ed n6n cdng nghiep logistics phat trien. Logistics da va dang phat trien nhanh ehdng va mang lai nhimg lpi ich to Idn cho nhieu nude phat trien nhu: Diic, Ha Lan, Thuy Dien, Dan Mach, My... CJ cdc nude nay, nganh logistics ludn giii vai ttd quan ttpng ttong nen kinh te; cac dich vu logistics dem lai hieu qua cao va dupe coi ttpng nhd dp dyng lau dai cac bien phap duy tri tinh hieu qua va sy canh ttanh lanh manh eho ITnh vyc logistic nhu:
phat ttiln cac sang chl ky thuat, nang cao chit lupng ngudn nhan lye, co sd ha ting ciing nhu dl cao each thiic kinh doanh. Trong giai doan diu phat ttiln ciia nganh logistics, vi^c nghien ciiu Logistics, hpc tap, ttao ddi kinh nghiem tir cac nude CO nin cdng nghipp logistics phat triln la rit can thiet cho Quang Tri de khai thae tilm nang va lpi the cua minh tten tuyin EWEC. •
Tai Iifu tham khao
1. Logistics - Nhung van de ly luan va thuc tiin d Viet Nam. NXB Dai hoc Kinh tl Qudc dain, 2011.
2. Dich vy Logistics d Viet Nam ttong tiin trinh hdi iihap qudc tl, NXB Chinh fri Qudc gia.
Ha Ndi, 2012.
3. Bao cao tdng hpp danh gia tinh hinh khu KT- TM dac biet Lao Bao.Sd 3583/UBND - TM ngay 16/11/2012.
4. Bao cao tdng ket 5 nam trien khai thuc hien Nghi quylt 06 - NQ/TU ciia Ban thudng vy Tinh uy ve dau tu, khai thae tiem nang, lpi the hanh lang kinh tl Ddng - Tay den nam 2010, cd tinh din nam 2015.Sd 99 /BC - SKH - KTDN ngay 27/07/2012.
18 NGHIEN CU'U THUaNG MAI S6 11 (10/2014)
