QUAN HE QUOC TE
DE CHE NHAN TUT VA CHU NGHIA DA PHUfOTNG MY
TS. Bui Phiiofng Lan Vien Nghien ciiu Chdu My
\. D i n h che d a p h i i d n g s a u C h i e n t r a n h T h e gidfi thuf h a i
Sau Chien tranh The gidi thuf hai.
nUdc My d dinh cao quyen lufc chUa tiing CO, tich ciic tham gia vao qua trinh hinh t h i n h va scan t h i o hien chUdng cua nhieu td chufc qud'c te vdi bp miy tcan cau, cic l u i t le va the che phufc tap,- nhu Lien hp'p quo'c.
Ngan hang The gidi. Td chufc Y te The gidi v.v... Cic to chute qud'c te tao nen nhUng cd cau, td chufc phii hdp vdi khii mem cua My ve trat tii chinh tri.
thUdng mai, va thong qua do khuyen khich ldi ich ve kmh te. chinh tri cua My. Trcng rat nhieu trUdng hdp. My cd thuan ldi la cac dieu khoin quy dinh thudng trung vdi nhiing quy dinh quo'c gia. Do la thdi diem lich suf cho My tac ra nhUng luat le va dinh che quo'c te tren khuon khd toan ciu ma van bio ve ldi ich an ninh va kinh te cua minh.
Cic the che da bien thiic day va tao nen sii khic biet trcng hdp t i c va tUdng t i c qudc te. Cac quo'c gia thay viec hdp t i c cd lc)i. guip dat dUdc mpt trat tu hp'p t i c thay cho moi trudng vd chinh phu anh hudng tdi each thufc cac qudc gia xuf ly cic mdi quan he phu thuoc lan nhau, ngay ca nhiing qudc gia hiing manh nha't. Mang ludi cic td chiic chinh phu nay tao nen nhiing ehu'dng trinh nghi suf buoc cac chinh phu phai c6 quan diem ro rang
trong mdt so' van de va phat trien cac sang kien, chinh sach. Mpt so' it td chute chinh phu cd kha nang thie't lap nen cic quy dinh va quy trinh giii quye't xung dot. Nhiem vu phap ly cua cac quo'c gia la phai thufc hien bang each dUa cac quy dinh nay vao quy trinh lap phap va hanh phap.
Cac dien dan giiip nhutng n h i hoach dinh chinh sach khong nhiing am hieu ve chinh sach cua nhau, ma cdn lam quen vdi chiing de cd the ludng trUdc du'dc phan ufng cua cic del t i c cua minh trUdc cic suf kien gii dinh trong tUdng lai. Cac td chufc qudc te chi quan trpng khi chiing cd the tao dieu kien che viec thda thuan giufa cic nUdc t h a n h vien va dan tdi suf hdp tic doi ben ciing cd ldi. Cac dinh che gom cac khuon mau dUdc cotig nhan trcng viec thiic thi cac quy tac cua cupc chdi cho cac to chufc chinh thufc. De nhiing dinh che boat dpng td't va la nhiing nhan to' thuc day viec thufc thi, cac to chufc c i n dap iing it nha't bon chiic nang: (1) dieu kien chia se ganh nang;
(2) cung cap thdng tin cho cic chinh phu, dac biet la trong cac van de de dang vifdt qua bien gidi qudc gia nhU kiem soit suf lan tran cuia cac benh truyen nhiem, hoac han che 6 nhiem bau khi quyen va dai dUdng; (3) giiip cac cUdng qud'c duy tri nhieu ldi ich da dang; (4) giiip cho chinh sich ngoai giao mang tinh lien tuc khi cac bp
may c h i n h p h u t h a y ddi.^ Ngoai nhiing n g u y e n t i c c h u n g t r e n day, cac dinh che dUdc t h i e t lap p h u thudc vac b i n chat v a n de c i n dUdc giai quyet.
Vi du, dinh che l E A cd h a i yeu to' cd b i n dUdc t h i e t ke n h a m g i i i quyet nhiing v a n de c h u n g , t r o n g dd viec khdng dUdc kiem s d i t cac ldi ich rieng cua tufng c h i n h p h u , t r i n h gay a n h h u d n g b a t ldi tdi ldi ich cua c i c t h a n h vien k h a c . B a n ' t h a n nhutng td chiic n i y k h c n g cd n a n g lufc de t h i h i n h c i c l u a t le, chi cd c i c c h i n h p h u cua c i c nUdc t h a n h vien mdi cd t h e l a m dUdc dieu nay.
n . Ddn phiidng v a d a p h i f d n g t r o n g c h i n h s a c h d o i n g o a i M y
Neu n h u b a n d i u nhiing ngUdi b i d t h u My e sd r i n g , Lien hcjp qud'c se p h i t t r i e n theo h u d n g xay dufng mot chinh p h u cho t o i n t h e gidi, dien bien trcng v i i t h a p ky qua cho tha'y dieu nay da k h d n g xay ra. Mgt mat, chu nghia da phUdng trd t h i n h mpt thdng le trong chinh s i c h ddi ngoai My. Mat khdc, suf n h a n nhUdng t r o n g c i c dinh che da phUdng khd hdn l i sdng phUdng.
Dai hpi ddng Lien hdp qud'c vdi quy tac
"mdi qud'c gia mpt phieu" k h d n g p h i i la cong cu tin cay t r o n g chinh s i c h ddi ngoai My. Nudc My da k h d n g cd dUdc sii ddng t i n h cua sd ddng t r c n g Dai hpi ddng, ke ca t r o n g giai doan trUdc khi The gidi thuf ba gia n h a p Lien hdp qudc. Cac td chufc qud'c te tao nen nhutng m a n g lUdi xuyen quoc gia l i m cho cic chinh p h u ludn tUdng t i c vdi nhau, n h u n g dUdng nhU n i m n g d i i t i m kiem s d i t cua My va l a m cho t h a i dp cua qud'c gia n i y t h a y ddi.
Quyet t a m xay dufng q u a n he da phUdng cua My d i n bi xdi mdn. Ddi khi. My mong mud'n c i c nUdc hdp t i c vdi n h a u , nhUng b a n t h a n t h i khdng.
Khi q u y e n lUc va k h a n a n g suf d u n g
c i c td chufc qud'c te nhU mdt cong cu cua My suy giam, vai trd da phUdng trong doi ngoai My dU(3c b a n l u a n den nhieu. My tim each bd qua viec bd phieu b a t ldi che m i n h va tim c i c h l i m cho b a n thU ky hieu quyen ldi cua m i n h . K h a u h i e u "Dufng len vi nUdc My" t r c n g c i c t h e che quo'c te l i mpt t r o n g nhUng chinh sach phuc vu cho quyen ldi cua My t r o n g mpt so' trUdng hdp. My tim each t h e e dudi c i c chinh s i c h phuc vu chd quyen ldi b i n t h i n n a m n g d i i cac td chiic qudc te va k h d n g hi can trd bdi nhUng yeu s i c h tii ben n g o i i .
Mgt mat, nUdc My cd gang xay diing n e n chu n g h i a da phUdng n h u n g u y e n t i c h i n h dpng cua t h e gidi, mat khdc qudc gia n i y n h i e u liic cho phep m i n h dUdc mien trii tuf chinh n g u y e n tac dd dila t r e n q u a n niem ve suf k h i c biet cua minh, qua viec lap l u a n m i n h la mpt qud'c gia day p h a m h a n h . Sii t r a n h l u a n ve viec nUdc My nen theo dudi chu n g h i a da phUdng h a y ddn phUdng l i mpt cupc t r a n h l u a n gay gat t r o n g npi bp va giuta hai d i n g cua nUdc My. Cd t h e tdng ket lai r i n g , t r o n g d i n g Cong hda cd n h i e u ngUdi theo c h u n g h i a ddn phUdng v i t r d n g d i n g D a n chu cd n h i e u ngUdi thed chu n g h i a da phUdng. NhUng ngUdi thed chu n g h i a ddn phUdng k h i n g dinh. My se k h d n g quay trd lai thdi ky cd lap va nha'n m a n h viec nUdc My tit chcl k h o n g de m a t di t i n h dpc lap d a n tpc t r o n g c i c quyet dinh. Hp tha'y k h o n g cd ly do gi de chap n h a n b a n che mpt k h i nUdc My humg m a n h n h u vay. Nudc My se l a m nhiing gi m a nd cho l i c i n t h i e t . t h a m chi k h d n g c i n biet c i c nifdc k h i c nghi gi n e u c i n . Q u a n he qud'c te la mdi q u a n he quyen lufc chut k h d n g p h a i l i l u a t p h a p , hoac quyen life dUp'c hdp p h i p hda bdi l u a t p h i p . The gidi se cd ldi
neu nhu ap dung nhutng gia tri cua My bdi vi mo hinh My da chutng mmh ducic suf Uu viet.
Trong nhieu nam tdi day chac chan nudc My v i n tiep tuc la quo'c gia dufng dau. Su kien ngay 11/9/2001 v i nhiing he luy sau dd cho thay. the gidi ndi chung va nUdc My ndi rieng can mpt Lien hiep quo'c du manh de tao nen suf nhat tri tren toan ciu nham chong khung bo' va t i i thiet nhung quoc gia hi khung bd t i n p h i . Nudc My ciing da dUa ra rat nhieu sang kien to't cho cac td chufc quo'c te. nUdc My dac biet tich cUc trong nhUng td chiic kinh te va tai chinh. nhu'ng giut mtDt vai trd rat thap trong cic td chufc an sinh xa hpi nhu UNESCO. Td chiic Y te The gidi. ban than nu'dc My cd vai trd to ldn va biet tan dung quyen phu quyet cua minh trong Hpi dong Bao an Lien hdp qud'c. Theo luat khdng t h i n h van giuta My va Chau Au, Chu tich Ngan hang The gidi ludn ludn la mpt ngUdi My. trong khi dd Giim dd'c dieu hanh ciia Quy Tien te Qud'c te (IMF) ludn ludn l i ngu'di Chau Au.
Quy IMF da xem xet lai dinh hUdng cua minh de trd nen cd l(3i hdn ddi vdi quyen l(3i cua nUdc My, va Ngan hang The gidi trong thap ky 80 cumg da thay doi dinh hudng va nhan manh tu dc kinh te, tU hUu hoa va thay ddi ve cd cau kinh te quo'c gia.
Thiic te la My da bd rdi nhieu td chufc qud'c te va khdng tham gia nhieu vao suf p h i t trien va quan ly nhiing van de toan ciu nhU mong mud'n cua mpt so' nudc. Khi My riit khdi To chiic chd'ng ten lUa xuyen luc dia, don dudng cho suf phat trien cua he thd'ng bio ve ten lufa cua rieng minh, the gidi lo ngai ve chu nghia ddn phUdng My trong nhieu linh vufc. dac biet la dudi sii cim quyen cua Tong thd'ng Bush.
Hanh ddng cua My trdn lan giuta cac chien lUdc da phUdng va ddn phUdng. Nudc My da tufng hanh dpng da phUdng nhU khi phu thudc vao Lien hdp qud'c de hop phap hda cho NATO tie'n hanh nhutng hoat ddng quan suf cung nhU la hda binh cua Chau Au. My bd qua Hpi ddng Bio An va hdp t i c vdi NATO de nem bom khi tha'y Nga va Trung Qud'c khdng cho phep dumg vu lufc chd'ng lai Nam Tu.
Ngoai ra, cd nhieu hoat ddng mang tinh xay dufng nhU gin giut hda binh Lien hdp qud'c. Chinh viec dU(3c diing d vi tri chi phdi toan c i u chUa tiing cd trong lich suf cua nUdc My nay da lam cho nu'dc My cam tha'y nd cd kha nang lam ta't ca. Giiia hai cupc chien tranh vumg Vinh cd suf k h i c biet giiia phUdng thufc hanh dpng da phUdng va ddn phUdng. Cupc chie'n thuf hai dvi6c thufc hien bdi nhiing ngUdi theo chu nghia ddn phUdng. Ddi vdi hp, hanh ddng ddn phUdng khdng lam cho My mat gi. Cic quo'c gia than My cd the dUdc an ui va ket ban lai vi hp phii phu thudc vao suf ldn manh cua nen kinh te My. Nhung qud'c gia nay khdng the lam gi khac ngoai suf p h i n ddi. Khi My riit khdi nhutng hiep Udc qud'c te ma chinh hp da ddng vai trd chu dao trong viec phat trien, dieu nay lam suy yeu mpt each nghiem trpng cd che hien hanh va lam can trd cho suf phat trien hdp t i c toan ciu.
Nhutng hanh dpng ddn phUdng nay cd the dem lai ldi ich ngan han, nhUng i n h hudng den quyen lo'i lau dai.
aj Chu nghia Ddn phiidng cua "De che Nhdn td'"-
Quan niem ve suf khac biet cua minh va coi minh la mpt qud'c gia day pham hanh la mpt dac diem quan trpng trong tU duy ngUdi My. Mpt sd' hpc gia tham chi cdn nhan dinh rang, dudng nhu ban nang thuf hai cua
ngUdi My la k h i i niem hanh phuc cua hp phu thudc vao hanh phiic cua ngUdi khac. "Ne'u so sanh the gidi cd nhieu i n h hUdng cua My hdn bat ky nUdc nao khac dang gdp phan hinh t h i n h nen cac van de toan ciu, mpt the gidi khdng cd My diing dau se la mpt the gidi nhieu bao lufc va hdn loan, hdn, di ddi vdi suf giam siit ve tang trUdng kinh t e v a dan chu hdn."^
Hdp chiing qud'c Hoa Ky la mpt "De che Nhan tii." Ngan sach Qud'c phdng My rat ldn. Rat it trong so' n i y dUdc dumg de bid t d i n lanh thd cua qud'c gia, ma p h i n Idn dUdc My diing cho cac "cam ke't" qud'c te. Ngay ca khi khdng cdn mdi de dpa nao tuf phia Xd- viet, My tiep tuc xem "an ninh quo'c
gia" bao gdm an ninh cua cic nUdc la ban v i ddng minh cua My, gdm ca nhiing ye'u to' triiu tUdng d rat xa tam quan sat cua nUdc My. Suf thinh vUdng cua My khdng the xay ra khi thie'u suf thinh vUdng toan cau, tuf do cua ngUdi My phu thupe vac suf tdn tai va tuf dd d mpt ndi nao khic, suf tan cdng d hat cuf dau cung de dpa xay ra nguy cd tan cdng d khap mpi ndi, va an ninh qud'c gia My khcng the dam bid neu khdng cd an ninh t o i n cau.
Hp lap luan rang: ban chat sieu cUdng My khdng gid'ng vdi nhiing de che khac trong lich suf d viec thufc thi quyen lufc. Siic manh My cd dUdc sau Chie'n tranh The gidi thii hai ldn hdn quyen lufc hat ky quo'c gia nao tufng cd ke tii thdi de che La Ma.
Theo ddng lap luan nay, dieu ma cac qud'c gia khac dang tim kiem khdng phai la the gidi da cUc thufc suf, ma la sii that bai cua the gidi da cufc, mpt the gidi da cufc tren danh nghia.
Ve hdi canh quo'c te, hp lap luan:
khdng qud'c gia nac thufc suf mud'n the gidi da cufc dich thufc, vi hp khdng san Idng chia se t r i c h nhiem mpt cich
cdng bang trong viec quan ly cic cudc khung hoang toan cau va bao ve trat tuf the gidi. NgUdi chau Au, nhu P h i p va Nga, deu khdng chuan bi de tra gii cho mpt the gidi da cufc thufc suf. Hp mong mud'n cd vai trd ddi t i c can bang trong mpt the gidi da cufc ma khdng can phai chia se trach nhiem ddi vdi tufng quo'c gia. Mpt the gidi da cufc nhU vay se lam giam kha nang cua My trong viec bao ve nhiing Idi ich chung ma khdng tang kha nang cua bat cuf ai de lam viec nay. Vi du, nhiing qud'c gia nhu Nga, P h i p khdng sd hiiu phUdng tien de giii quyet van de Iraq, ma cbl cd phUdng tien n h i m ngan can My giai quyet van de nay.
b) Chu nghia Da phitdng
. Cii ma chu nghia ddn phUdng toan ciu bd qua la tinh lien tuc trong viec bao ve ldi ich cua My trong cic dinh che qud'c te. Ngoai sufc manh quan suf, nUdc My can quan tam den nhutng khia canh k h i c cua quyen life va cic mdi quan he vdi toan bd he thd'ng qud'c te. Nhin tuf gdc dp khich quan, hanh dpng ddn phUdng va td rd suf b i chu cua minh bang quan suf se ludn ludn la mpt kha nang, nhUng dd phai la kha nang cudi ciing khi khdng cdn kha nang nao k h i c nUa. My hoin toan cd kha nang ban giao quyen quan ly Iraq cho Lien hdp qud'c. Mat khic. My cd the hdp t i c vdi cic nUdc khic trcng nhiing van de tean ciu nhu mdi trUdng, di dan va rat nhieu van de khac nUa.
Mpt dieu nghich ly la rat nhieu cic cdng ty cong nghe cao tuf hao ve tinh t h i n dpc lap cua minh, cho rang thanh cdng cuia hp khdng phu thuoc vao q u i trinh thUdng lUdng da phUdng cham chap, i ach. Trcng khi dd, mdi nguy hiem cho kinh doanh cua cac cdng ty cdng nghe cao khdng phai la viec bi sung cdng tai san, ma la nhufng hacker
va del thu tren the gidi se an cap bi mat thu'dng mai cua hp.
Dieu nay cd the du'dc giai thich p h i n nao vi cac cdng ty cdng nghe thich mpi thii dudc tien hanh nhanh chdng. giam tap trung hda. tang cUdng chu nghia ci nhan. tinh mmh bach va khdng quan tam den vi tri dia ly. chu quyen va ranh gidi qudc gia.
NgUp'c lai. chu nghia da phudng thudng dl lien vdi viec ra quyet dinh cham chap, suf tap trung hda. viec hudng ldi mien phi tii nhung ngu'di khic. muc tieu khdng rd rang v i rat nhay cam vdi sii buy hdai that sii hay triiu tUdng cua chu quyen qudc gia.
Trong thufc te. nhung thich thutc nhu bic ve quyen sd huu tri tue va thiet lap tieu chuan ddng bd trong cdng nghe chi cd the dat dUp'c thdng qua cich giai quyet van de cua con ngUdi mdt each cham chap va tu'dng nhu khdng hieu qua cua chu nghia da phudng. Khdng chinh phu nao cd the ddn phu'dng i p dat hay thi hanh quyet dinh cua minh khi cd qua nhieu thanh phan va ldi ich cua nhieii qud'c gia cd lien quan va cd the bi tdn thifdng.
Khi nu'dc My riit ra khoi nhUng td chiic qud'c te. thi cai ldi trUdc m i t la tiet kiem difdc chi phi, nhUng viec rut lui nay cung da lam i n h hudng den mdi trUdng qud'c te trong viec giai quyet nhiing xung dot. Viec riit khdi mdt sd td chiic qud'c te cd thd la each cua My dd khien nhufng td chiic nay d vao VI tri thiic te hdn. Tuy nhien. nUdc My lai phai ddi mat vdi van de la chu nghia ddn phu'dng ciia My "khdng the giii quyet cd hieu q u i nhiing van de ddi hdi suf hdp t i c qud'c te, trcng khi cac td chiic qud'c te de d i n g giai quyet van de hdn nhieu. Tren gdc dp kmh te.
mdt the gidi ma trong dd Mexico hay Brazil cd the khdng tra diiac nhiing mdn nd ldn cho cac ngan hang cua My.
dd se la tinh trang nguy hiem ddi vdi suf viing manh cua nen tai chinh My.
De duy tri mpt the gidi an toan cho chii nghia tU b i n can cd sii can thiep cua mdt td chufc qud'c te quan trpng.
dd la IMF (Quy Tien te Qud'c te).
Hiep udc GATT la mpt cdng cu cho chinh sich My de tao nen nhUng quy dinh. thdng le. quy trinh thUdng thuyet cho cd che thUdng mai tuf do phii hdp vdi quyen ldi ciia My trong viec tim cac thi trudng mdi cho hang hda My va thiic d i y suf ldn manh cua thUdng mai toan cau. The gidi phii thay ddi. cdn My khdng phai thay ddi nhieu nhung luat dinh lien quan den thUdng mai cua chinh minh. Nudc My l i nu'dc duy nha't du sufc manh ve kinh te va quyet tam thiic day mdt cd che thUdng mai md. GATT da phuc vu du'dc quyen ldi ciia nUdc My va mpt muc dich rdng hdn, dd la mpt he thd'ng thUdng mai qud'c te khdng phan biet, md cufa tren tdan cau. NhUng mat khac, lieu My cd the tiep tuc rhai dUdc den bae gid?
. GATT la mdt cd che da bien da dUdc the che hda va tao ra mdt cd che hda giai hieu qua cac tranh chap ve thUdng mai. GATT gia tang suf minh bach, thao gd suf tap trung- quyen lufc va dap lai mpt each cd hieu qua nd lufc ciia mdt so' qud'c gia nham bao hd mdt sd nganh cdng nghiep trong nUdc chd'ng lai suf canh tranh nUdc ngoai. Nhiing cudc thUdng thuyet da phUdng thUdng xuyen' giiip giim hang rao thUdng mai. Ve doi ngoai. nd giiip day manh hdp nhat Chau Au va dUa nUdc Nhat vao mang ludi kinh te, chinh tri phUdng Tay.
GATT cd anh hUdng it hdn den thUdng mai the gidi sd vdi cich day 20 nam. Cac quy dinh lien quan den mdt ty le .phan tram thUdng mai tha'p hdn trong tdng so' khdi lUdng thu'dng mai.
G i n day, My t h u d n g xuyen suf d u n g cd che giai quye't c i c x u n g ddt de thiic day q u y e n ldi n g i n h a n . M a t khac, nd ciing suf d u n g cd che hao ve n h i i n g n g i n h cdng n g h i e p npi dia hi a n h h u d n g bdi n h a p k h a u .
Mac cho suf gia t a n g t i m q u a n trpng ve k i n h te cua N h a t B a n va T i y Au, i n h h u d n g cua nUdc My tdi ket q u i cua cac thUdng lUdng t r d n g GATT, trdng Quy Tien te Qud'c te, t r o n g Ngan h a n g T h e gidi dUdc b i d ve ve m a t p h a p ly c u n g nhU c i c bien p h i p dac biet k h i c , t r o n g h a t ky mpt nd lufc da qud'c gia n a o ve c i c v a n de ndng nghiep, nUdc My ciing ludn cd' gang k h a n g dinh vai trd c h u dao vdi tU each la n h i s i n xua't ndng s i n q u a n trpng.
i n . D i n h hvfdng c h o tiidng lai Cau hdi d a t r a la nUdc My n e n theo md h i n h hdp t i c quc'c t e nao t r o n g mpt t h e gidi rdi rac va k h d n g ddng n h a t nay? Ve n h a n suf, n h i n c h u n g nUdc My chUa suf d u n g h e t m a n g ludi xuyen qud'c gia p h u c vu q u y e n ldi ciia minh. TrUdc tien la khd k h a n ve ngudn n h a n lufc phii hdp. Vi du, dai suf tai cac td chufc qud'c te cua My t h u d n g chUa he cd k i n h n g h i e m gi t r c n g linh vufc n i y . T r o n g so' 1000 doan nUdc My cuf t h a m gia hdi t h a o cua c i c td chiic da qud'c gia, t h i k h o a n g 2 5 % la di duf l i n d a u va viec t h a m gia k h d n g m a n g tinh lau dai. Ve q u a t r i n h l a m viec.
My h a y tim c i c h a n h hUdng den viec lufa chpn ngUdi dufng d a u cua mpt td chufc, hoac chpn nhUng ngUdi My cd n a n g lufc cac vao nhutng vi t r i t h e n chd't t r o n g b a n thU ky. Ve phUdng phap, My tich cufc dumg phUdng p h i p t h a n h lap mpt n h d m da qud'c gia nao dd de xii li mdt vu viec. NhUng nhutng cupc hpp n a y r a t khd cd t h e g i i i quyet dUdc nhUng v a n de can b i n .
Neu i p d u n g tU duy chien lUdc de t a p t r u n g v a c cau hdi chu chd't n i y , ngUdi My se n h a n tha'y r i n g chu n g h i a ddn phUdng ddi k h i cd the d i n tdi nhutng t h a n g ldi ve ddi ngoai, nhUng dd la mpt cau t r i ldi khdng t h d a d i n g cho mdt loat nhiing vai^ de m a chi cd t h e dUdc giai quyet thdng qua hdp t i c qud'c te. P h a n ddng gdp cua My t r o n g n e n k i n h te t h e gidi, vUdt q u i k h i n a n g sieu viet cua nd t r o n g linh vufc q u i n suf, t a n g len trong thdi gian k h i m a My ddc quyen ve vu k h i h a t n h i n va k h i n a n g s i n xua't chiing, cho My q u y e n lufa chpn viec theo dudi b a t cut hoai bao cd t i n h t o i n c i u nao.
Tren ly thuyet, trong ddi ngoai cung n h u k i n h te, chinh s i c h can p h i n iing linh boat trUdc n h d n g suf kien t r i i ngUdc v i khdng dUdc mdng dpi, nhUng My r a t c i n mdt t i m nhin chien lUdc de khdng lam cho hp may dieu h i n h rdi v i d nhUng vdng x d i y cua nhUng cudc khiing hoang, chinh tri My cd the bd phi cic cd hdi y nghia n h i m thay ddi khudn khd ma trong dd nUdc My cd the hdp t i c vdi cac nUdc k h i c •
Tdi lieu tham khdo:
1. Moises Nairn, New Economy, Old Politics (Nen kinh te m6i, nen chinh tri cii). Foreign Policy, No. 122 (Jan. - Feb., 2001), Washmgton D.C, pp. 107-108.
2. Robert Kagan, The Benevolent Empire (De che Nhan tvf). Foreign Pohcy, No. I l l (Summer, 1998), 'Washington D.C, pp. 24-35.
3. Robert 0 . Keohane and Joseph S. Nye, Jr., Two Cheers for Multilateralism (Hai sii khich le cho chu nghia da phUOng), Foreign Pohcy, No. 60 (Autumn, 1985), "Washington D.C, pp. 148-167.
4. Margaret Karns, United States and Multi- lateral Institutions: Patterns of Changing Instrumentality and Influence, Routledge, Chapman & Hall, 1990.
