TRIET LY GIAO DUC DONG - TAY QUA MO HINH UEN KET YALE - NUS
VA N H Q N G V A N D E DAT RA CHO VAN HOA
DAI HOC d VIET NAM*
PHAN THI HONG XUAN**
Tom tdt: Triit ly gido due Ddng -Tdy dUgc Singapore dp dung tgi dgi hgc Yale - NUS dugc xem Id yiu td chu chdt tgo nen su thdnh cong cua mo hinh lien kit giUa dgi hgc qudc gia Singapore vd mpt trudng dgi hgc hdng ddu cda My. Viet Nam cung khdng dUng ngodi xu thi qudc ti hda dgi hgc, theo do mpt sd trUdng dgi hgc lien kit dugc thdnh lap tren nen tdng ket hgp vdn h&a phuang Dong vd khoa hgc ky thugt phuang Tdy, nhUng cho din nay vdn chUa dgt dugc nhieu kit qud vd thdnh tUu noi bdt. Bdi viet gdm 3 phdn (1) Bdi cdnh ra d&i cua dgi hgc Yale - NUS d Singapore; (2) Triit ly gido due cua dgi hgc Yale - NUS vd (3) NhUng vdn di dgt ra cho vdn hda dgi hgc Viit Nam giai dogn hien nay.
Tit khoa: Triit ly gido due, Dong - Tay, Yale - NUS, vdn hda dgi hgc, Viet Nam, Singapore.
1. B o i c a n h r a ddi c u a d a i h o c Yale - lap vao n a m 1823), TrU&ng Trung hpe N U S cf S i n g a p o r e edng lap Anglo-Chinese (dugc t h a n h lap
Cpng hba Singapore dugc chinh thfle ra vao n a m 1886) - deu cd lich sii hinh t h a n h dW t a n a m 1965, nhimg co thg noi, n i n ' " " t W" *"«'= khi Singapore gianh d « c giao due ciia quoc gia nay khong phai mffi ^oc lap. Day la nhOng ngoi t n l t o g duoc bat dau sau ngay d5c lap. R4't nhieu co sd xay dimg tif ngn tang giao due eiia nuSc giao due ban dau ciia Singapore nhiJ Dai Anh. Do vay, chuang trinh hoe tap 6 b&c hoc Quoe gia Singapore (duoc t h a n h lap trung hoc cua Singapore duoc phong theo vao n a m 1905), Vien Raffles (ducfc t h a n h he thong chiJng ehi cua Anh, dong th5i ap
* Ngliien CLTU nay dmc tai tra bdi bcfi Dai hgc Quoc gia Thanli pho Ho Chi Minh (DHQG - HCM) trong Ithuon Idio De tai ma so A 2018 - isb - 01.
*• PGS.TS. Phan Thi Hing XuSn, TrK6ng DH KHXH &NV, Dai hoc QuSc gia TP.HCM
46 Nghien cdu Dong Nam A, sd^ d'6/20l9_
dung che dp song ngU vdi mdt trong hai ngdn ngU la tieng Anh ben canh tie'ng me de'i^. Do vay, Singapore ngay tfl nhflng nam dau ddc lap da cd mdt dpi ngu giang vien ed day dii nang lUe chuyen mon so vdi nhflng nfldc chau A khac. Ngoai ra, rao ean ngon ngfl khong la va'n de qua ldn ddi vdi sinh vien Singapore. Tren nen tang dd, Singapore cd nhieu dieu kien thuan lgi hcfn trong viec tiep thu van hda phUPng Tay eung nhU xay dUng cae trUdng dai hpc dang ea'p quo'c te. TrUdc khi dai hpe Yale - NUS duge thanh lap, Singapore da cd nhieu t h a n h cong khi hpp tac vdi cae trUdng dai hpe danh tieng khac eua My nhu MIT, ...
Theo nhan dinh cua Ben Wildavsky trong quyen "Cupc canh tranh cha't xam vT dai" (The Great Brain Race)'^', Singapore khdng CO y thfle he dae biet ngoai mgt so nguyen tae Khong giao phu hgp cua n h a lap qud^c Ly Quang Dieu, cung khong ed tU do theo ehu nghia cac qud'e gia phUtfng Tay, nhung kha edi md, mot dae tinh can thiet eua sU t h a n h cdng kinh td'. Mdt n e n van hda dong kin, hi chinh tri hda hay xtf cflng hoa, se khien dat nude ed the hi loai ra khoi cupc choi. Toan eau hda kinh te va su sd'ng edn bupc cae dan toe phai xem xet lai toan bp van hda eua minh, e^n tai d i l n giai nhflng t u tudng tiem tang trong van hda, cua Khong Tii, Lao Tif, P h a t giao,.., loai bo nhOfng each nhin ldi thdi gay can trd va tang cU&ng eac y tudng tich eflc, phu hpp vdi sfl ddi hdi eua phat trien xa hpi Tdn giao phai hd trp sfl phat trien da't nfldc, chU khong dflge lam can trd, hay
quay lutig. Singapore dfldi thdi Ly Q^^^^
Dieu da "Tay hda" mdi trfldng song va kinh doanh cua Singapore nham thu hut phflung Tay de'n lam an, de khach phflung Tay cam thiiy gan giii, thi nay, dUdi thdi Thu tudng Ly Hien Long, Singapore se dugc nang ea'p len ve m a t van hda, ehuan bi eho eha't Iflgng lanh dao vdi tri thiic vd hai nen van hda Ddng - Tay^'.
Hien tugng toan cau hda tri thUc va giao due didn r a m a n h me vao nhflng n a m 80 -90 cua the ky XX cho t h a y mpt thfle te rang eac sinh vien gioi thich hgc dai hpe b eac qudc gia phat trien lau ddi. The ky 20 la the' ky cua dai hgc Hoa Ky. Tai thdi diem nay cd khoang tU h a i p h a n ba de'n ba phan tU dai hgc td't n h a t thd' gidi deu n a m tai Hoa Ky. Cac trU&ng dai hpc Hoa Ky da thu hut so lugng dong dao sinh vien tu khap the' gidi de'n hgc tap, tid'p theo sau la cae trUdng dai hgc cf eac quo'c gia phat trien nhU Anh, Phap, Dflc, Austraha. Trong sd' 572.509 sinh vien nUdc ngoai hpe tai Hoa Ky n a m 2004 cd hon mpt nifa den tU chau A vdi n a m quoc gia hang dau la An Do, Trung Qudc, Han Quoc, N h a t Ban vk Dai Loan*'*^ Giai doan 1999-2005, lan sdng 'di dan' nay tie'p tue tang dang ke, nhflng vdi mgt su phan bo cd khae hcfn trudc day: sd sinh vien nude ngoai tang 17% eho Hoa Ky, 29% cho Anh qud'e, 42% cho Ue, va 46% cho Dflc. Ngircfc lai, Cae qudc gia Chau A noi chung va Singapore ndi rieng eung eo ke hoach rao rig't thu hut sinh vidn nflde ngoai nham tang thi phan, day lui sfl suy giam. Tai th&i d i l m do, Singapore ky vgng thu hut
Phan Thi Hong Xudn - Triet ly gido due Dong - Tdy qua mo kinh lien ket... 47
150.000 sinh vien cho de'n n a m 2015;
Malaysia 100.000 de'n n a m 2020, Trung Qud'e cung n h a m de'n con sd 300.000 den n a m 2025®.
Chu tich Dai hge Yale -Richard Levin cho rang, t h a m vgng ciia chau A la xay dflng mdt Idp ngfl&i tdt nghiep tU cae trU&ng dai hge tinh hoa, nhUng ngfl&i ed t a m nhin rpng va lien nganh, cd nang lUc tao r a doi mdi. Dieu nay khie'n eho eac nha lanh dao d T n m g Qud'e, Singapore, va n h a t la H a n Qudc nhin vao eac trudng dai hge h a n g d^u cua Hoa Ky, nhufng trudng vd'n ra't khac vdi chu^n mUc chau A ea ve eau true cua ehUdng trinh ddo tao lan kinh nghiem sU pham. Cac n h a l a n h dao Chau A ngay cang hi md hinh dao tao dai hgc Hoa Ky thu hut, mgt md hinh eho sinh vien hai n a m de k h a m pha nhieu linh vUc kie'n thfle trfldc khi chgn mdt ehuyen nganh de tap trung hgc tap trong hai n a m cud'i. Co hai nguyen tae cd b a n bidn minh cho each tiep can nay. Mdt la, viec tao dieu kien mdt each dang ke cho sinh vien tie'p can da nganh se mang lai cho hg nhi^u v i l n canh t h e gidi de Ifla chgn, dieu n a y vifa giup hp boat dgng hieu qua hon trong linh vflc chuyen mon da ehgn, vUa chuan bi cho hg td't hcfn de duong dau vdi nhiJng v a n de mdi va khdng biet trUdc dugc. Ly do thfl hai la sinh vien d tuoi hai mUdi se ed k h a n a n g chpn lUa ehuyen n g a n h tot hdn d tuoi mfldi tam*^'. Dong thdi, Chu tieh Richard Levin cung la mdt ngUdi chu trUdng p h a t trien dai hpe r a ngoai bien gidi mot each m a n h me nhat.
"Chung tdi mud'n dao tao sinh vien t h a n h
nhflng n h a lanh dao ciia the ky 21, va sinh vien khdng t h e la nhOttig ngUdi 'mu chfl van hoa xuyen bien gidi', Levin ndi.
"NgoM kia ed nhuiig tiem nang ldn hcfn",
"Moi ngu&i td't nghiep b Yale phai la mpt ngudi b a n qud'e te". "Chung tdi tu hao ndi rang khong nhiJttig da dao tao bdn trong sau vi tong thd'ng vfla qua cua Hoa Ky, ma cdn mpt vi tdng thd'ng Dflc, hai thii tfldng cua H a n Quoc va mdt t6ng thong eua Mexico. Chung tdi mud'n thay con sd' nay tang them"*''*.
Trong quyin sach "Bien hd cho mdt n i n giao due khai phdng" cua tac gia Fareed Zakaria, Cuu bp trUcfng giao due Singapore Shanmugaratnam tflng tuyen bd' vdi tac gia Zakaria, rang "Ca hai chung ta deu cd che dp (trpng dai) n h a n tdi. Qui vi ed che dp n h a n tai tdi ndng (talent mer- itocracy), phia chung tdi la che dp n h a n tai thi cd (exam meritocracy). Cd radt sd' tinh chat; cua tri tue m a ehung ta khdng the Idem tra td't duge, nhu tinh sang tao, 6e td md, dau dc phieu lUu, t h a m vgng.
Tren he't, nUde My cd mpt n e n van hda hge thaeh thfle tri thfle quy ude, ke ca khi nd bao h a m viee thaeh thfle quyen lUe.
Day la nhihig linh vUe ma Singapore phai hpc hoi tfl My"*^'.
Nhfl vay Singapore dang can phai doi mdi giao due d l phat trien va theo kip th&i dai thi My chinh la hinh mau ly tudng cho nhflng cai each giao due ciia Singapore.
Sau khung hoang kinh te the gidi 2008, ire ndi rieng va cac nUde phat
48 Nghiin cdu Dong Nam A, sd_ 6/20l9_
t r i l n cf chau A ndi chung diifng trUde thUc t r a n g chay mau eha!t xam. Chinh phii phai tim each gifl chan hp va bo sung sd ma't m a t bang each thu hut tai nang tre t u khu vflc, duge dao tao vdi chat Iflgng cao tai chinh Singapore.
Nam 2009, Chu tich NUS, Giao sfl Tan Chorh Chuan, va Chu tich Yale, Giao sfl Richard Levin da ed cupc gap gd tai Dien d a n k i n h td' t h e gidi Davos. Ngay 11/4/2011, Thu tfldng Ly H i l n Long cung vdi Chu tich Dai hge Yale, Richard Levin, ehinh thfle lam Id phat dpng xay dUtig Yale-NUS College Singapore. Nam 2013 Dai hge Yale-NUS chinh thfle di vao boat dgng<9'.
Vdi dpi ngu lanh dao gom 18 n h a khoa hpe dat giai Nobel, 5 tong thd'ng My va 5 tong thdng va bd trudng Singapore, eung vdi dd la giai thudng Pulitzer va Academy, cac nha quan tri ndng ed't eua n e n kinh td' hai nUde, trUdng dai hgc Yale-NUS hfla hen se dao tao ra nhu^g n h a lanh dao thuc thu eho thd' hd tupng lai. Dieu nay gdp phan giup ehat lupng dao tao ciia trudng dai hgc Yale-NUS trd t h a n h mgt dilu khdng the nghi ngd va thu hut ddng dao du hge sinh tfl 45 qudc gia d ca 6 chau lue theo hgc va trd t h a n h mot trfldng qud'e te hang dau Singapore'•^'^'.
2. Triet ly g i a o due c u a Yale -NUS Singapore la mpt qudc gia dd thi da tgc, gom gan 20 toe ngfldi hgp t h a n h ba nhdm chinh: Hoa, Ma lai va An^^^'. Bd'i canh lieh sii va khong gian van hda cac tdc ngfl&i d Singapore da lam cho ban sae van hda
Singapore la sU hoa trpn eua tU tU Kh6ng giao, Lao tfl, P h a t giao,.. vdi van hda phflung Tay tU th&i thudc dia Anh.
Do vay, giao due Smgapore ngay tti buoi ban dau da ed sfl giao thoa van h6a Dong Tay. Ngudi Singapore mot mat duy tri ban sac van hda cua dan tdc minh, mat khac khdng ngifng hpc hdi nhOfng cai mdi, nhiiiig gia tri mdi td't dep. Ly Quang Dieu md ta tfl n i n giao due Singapore va ngUdi hpc tai Singapore nhuftig n a m 1977 la;
"Mdt ngu&i cd giao due la mdt ngfl&i khdng bao gid ngitog hge va khdng bao gid thdi h a m mud'n hpc hoi"*^^'.
Gido due nhdn vdn vd todn dien:
Tai trfldng dai hpc Yale-NUS sinh vien cd cd hpi dugc trai nghidm mdt mdi trU&ng hpc tap xa hpi n h a n van k i l u My vdi nhijiig ehUdng t r i n h hgc dflgc thiet ke nhU la mgt md hinh thu nho eiia trUdng dai hge Yale tai My. Sinh vien dflpe giao due toan didn, dflpc phat t r i l n k e t hgp nhieu linh vUc hieu bie't n h u khoa hgc tU nhien, khoa hgc xa hdi, n h a n van,... dUde hge va duge gidi thidu ve truyen thd'ng va van hoa da dang d Chau A va t r e n the gidi.
Theo dd, hien tai Yale - NUS dao tao 14 nganh nghe, do la: N h a n hpe; Nghe thuat va N h a n van; Kinh te hgc; Mdi trfldng hgc; Qud'e te' hpc; Lieh sif; Khoa hge ddi sd'ng; Van hgc; Toan va khoa hge tin hpc;
Triet hpc; chinh tri hge va kinh te hpe;
v a t ly; Tam ly hpe va Dd thi hpe.
Gido due khai phong- tu do:
Tai Yale - NUS, sinh vien dflge vun dap cho tfl duy dpe lap, tfl duy p h a n bien, do
Phan Thi Hong Xudn - Trii't ly gido due Dong - Tdy qua mo hinh lien ket... 49 do ddi hoi sinh vien khdng ehi la ngfldi
ti§'p n h a n thdng tin thu dgng ma phai hge each t u minh suy nghi, hge each xay dflng lap luan va bao ve no, hay dieu chinh nd theo nhu-ng thdng tin mdi, hoac nhfliig y ki&'n phe p h a n dung dan.
Gido due da vdn hda:
Yale -NUS mong mud'n tao n e n mot cdng dong hge tap ma trong do sinh vien, giang vien, n h a n vien,... ung hg sfl da dang van hda, eung nhau xay dflng mpt cpng dong sinh sd'ng va hge t a p gan bd vdi nhau, thdi quen sang tao, tb mo va tU duy phe binh dUdc khuye'n khieh.
Ton trgng tU do hgc thugt vd khong phdn biet ddi xd:
Yale- NUS ton trgng t u do hge thuat va yeu cau nghien cflu md. Cac khoa va sinh vidn se dflgc tfl do xin hge bdng, nghien cflu va xuat b a n ke't qua nghien cflu, giang day trong Idp hge eung nhU t h e hien minh trong khudn vien trudng. Nhflng lUu y day phai la nhiiiig h a n h ddng phu hgp vdi cac tieu chu&i hgc thuat va ehuyen mdn cung nhfl quy dinh eiia trfldng. Yale -NUS n h a n sinh vien n h a p hgc va giao due dfla t r e n k h a n a n g va t r i n h dp. Yale-NUS khdng to chfle thi t u y l n , chi t6 ehflc xet t u y l n doi tugng da eo bang cap 3 hoac dang hge Idp 12 chuan hi thi dai hpc. Ngoai t h a n h tich hpc tap, Ung vien e^n cd diem k i l m t r a tieng A n h quoc te lELTS, hoac TOEFL ibt, diem SAT va se dfldc phdng van trfle tie'p bcfi cae giao sfl Yale-NUS de dflge d a n h gia day du trinh dp. Do! vdi giang vidn va n h a n vien ehi can phu hpp vdi
nhOiig ehinh saeh cua Yale -NUS ma khdng p h a n biet ddi xtr.
Ngoai ra, tai Yale -NUS sinh vien dupc cung cap cae cd hpi toan eau, nhu hge tap chuyen sau hoae trao doi tai cae trU&ng khac nhu la Duke-NUS Medical School, Lee Kuan Yew School of Pubhe Polity, Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale School of Pubhe Health, va hge MBA tai dai hge Yale,...<i3)
3 . M p t s o v a n d e v a n h o a d a i h g c 6 V i ^ t N a m t r o n g g i a i d o a n h i $ n n a y
Trong l&i tUa eho cudn "Cupe eanh t r a n h cha't xam vi dai", Nguyin Xuan Xanh vie't rang: "Vd'n n h a n lUc, human capital, eua mdt qude gia la phdn ehu yeu n h a t tao ndn sU phon vinh eua cae qud'e gia". "Con dUdng di tdi t h a n h cdng eho qud'e gia va ca n h a n cud'i cung chinh la sU dau t u vao von n h a n lUe. Mpt cdng dong duge giao due cd the chUa chac bao dam sfl t a n g trudng kinh te' n h a n h chong va sU ke't nap vao 'cau lae bp hdi tu' (conver- gence club) eiia cae qudc gia phat trien.
Nhiftig dieu nguge lai chac chan dung:
Trinh do giao due tha'p ngan can mdt quo'c gia tie'n tdi bien gidi cong nghe va hUdng lgi day dii tU n e n kinh te toan cau (C.Geldin va L.Katz). Vd'n ay ngay nay dang chuyen ddng toan cau, de toi Iuyen.
Hg la nhflng ngUdi mang day y tUdng va ky nang. Theo Wildavsky, niu nhU gi&i hgn thuang mgi gdy thiit hgi cho ngU&i tiiu dung cUng nhU cdn trd tinh sdng tgo kinh ti, thi dong cda ddi v&i dong chay tU do cua con ngU&i vd y tUdng Id cdn trd sU
50 Nghien cihi Dong Nam A, s •g6/2019_
tgo ra tri thUc von Id mdu thit cua nhUng thdnh cong kinh ti. Tri thfle, va tai nang la nhuiig 'hang hoa' khong the giam h a m hay dong kin ma khong gay thiet hai cho ehinh minh. Phai lam sao de ed sfl trao ddi n h i l u hon, co nhilu 'hang hoa' hon"*^*'. Chung tdi cho rang nhflng n h a n dinh tren la r a t dung.
Xet v l mat lich sU, nen giao due dai hge b Viet Nam da xua't Men each day hpn 1000 nam, nhung trong boi canh quo'e te hda dai hpe nhu hien nay, giao due Dai hpc Viet Nam ro rang cbn ton dpng nhieu mat ban che va ba't cap.
ChUdng trinh dao tao dai hpc cdn kha nang ve ly thuyet, nhe ve thUc hanh, do do ehUa tao dflge sU thd'ng nhat gifla muc tieu giao due vdi muc tieu tim kiem viec lara cua sinh vien. Sinh vien Viet Nam danh nhilu thdi gian d l hoan t h a n h ehuung trinh hgc, it cd thdi gian d l tU hge, tu nghien ciiu hoae t h a m gia cac boat dpng doan the, xa hpi. Va thuc te tai nang it thay, ty Id tha't nghiep cua sinh vien ra trUdng d Vidt Nam lai ed xu hfldng gia tang. Nam 2017, khoang 200.000 cd n h a n da tdt nghiep nhflng bi tha't nghiep'^^'.
Tinh trang sinh vien ra trUdng lam viee trai nganh khdng cbn la viee hie'm la ma ngay eang phd bien. Bdng cap b Viet Nam chua dupc edng n h a n tren trU&ng qude te, eha't lugng sinh vien dao tao chUa dap uiig yeu cau phat t r i l n eung nhU hgi nhap. Cae nganh khoa hgc xa hpi nhan van chUa phat trien, thUe t r a n g nghien cflu (sinh vien, giang vien) d Viet Nam edn thd'p, sd lupng a'n pham qud'e te khiem tdn, vi§c sfl
dung ngoai ngU (tie'ng Anh) trong vigc hoc, nghien cflu eiia sinh vign cbn nhieu b a n che.. Do do, nhin n h a n van de van hda dai hgc Viet Nam nhU thd' nao? Dudi day chung tdi xin ggi y mdt s6' giai phap d l dinh hinh van hda dai hpc b Vidt Nam trong giai doan hpi n h a p quo'c td va men thue hda Cong dong ASEAN, t a m nhm de'n nam 2025.
TrUdc het, phai xem xet lai toan bd van hoa dai hpe, gia tri dai hge, eac ye'u td phi- hpe thuat n h u chinh tri, y thfle he chi phdi; tu tudng dac quyen dac lpi, tham nhung, quan lieu, m e n h lenh, be phai, mdc nd'i, tdn ti, thie'u tU do hpc thuat, thie'u van hoa trgng dai n h a n tai - cd t h i ndi nhflng dieu nay da va dang la nhflng chfldng ngai giam h a m sU phat t r i l n ngudn n h a n lUc, dae biet la ddi ngu tri thfle tre dflgc dao tao tfl cac trfldng dai hgc. Dai hgc can phai h e n ke't vdi cac dai hgc nflde ngoai de tao r a sU luU thdng y tudng va van hoa de ludn ludn ed nhflng luong gid mdi dem lai sUe sd'ng.
c a c trUdng dai hge phai ed muc tieu dao tao, truyen cam hung de sinh vien co t h i sang tao, trang bi day du eae trang thiet hi hien dai va tien tidn, trong dd eo he thd'ng thU vien saeh, t h u vien e - books de sinh vien cung vdi giang vien ed t h i thue hien dam me va t h a m vpng ehinh phue eai mdi trong khoa hpe va ddi sdng.
Cai thien trinh dp tie'ng Anh eiia sinh vien ngay tfl khi hpc cae ea'p hpc difdi va dfla tid'ng Anh vao he thd'ng xet tuyen hoac thi dai hgc. Khi nao giang vien va
Phan Thi Hong Xudn - Triet ly gido due Ddng - Tdy qua mo hmh lien ket...
sinh vien sii dung ngoai ngU nhfl mdt cdng cu ket nd'i r a bgn ngoai thi khi dd cae trUdng mdi thue hien dugc muc tieu giao due khai phdng, toan dien, da van hda, tdn trpng tU do hpc thuat, .
Giao due lien nganh, trau d6i kie'n thUe cho sinh vien t r e n nhieu linh vUc. Dat sinh vien d vi tri trung tara, khuye'n khieh sinh vien t u duy tu do va phan bidn.
Ton trpng va khuye'n khieh tU do hgc thuat trong sinh vien, cd nguon tai chinh de hd trp eho hoat dpng nghien cflu ciia sinh vien.
Thudng xuyen ed nhufng ehUdng trinh giao lUu van hda, trao doi hge thuat, cdng bo' xuat ban lien cac trfldng dai hgc trong nfldc va qud'e te.
Dfla vao chUdng trinh dao tao (nha't la cac nganh khoa hge xa hdi va n h a n van) eae nguydn tac gia tri ASEAN.
Cung ca'p hgc bong dao tao Cif n h a n da nganh (tu nhien va n h a n van) nhU each Yale-NUS da tU van tuyen sinh tai Viet Nam, ehu trgng den dao tao ve lanh dao toan eau (Global Leader) va cpng dong ASEAN. Trong chuong trinh, eo the dao tao ve dao dUc tU tudng Ho Chi Minh - vd'n CO nhieu diem tUOng ddng vdi triet ly giao due eua Ly Quang Dieu, dflc vua Bhumibol Adulyadej,....
Ke't l u a n
Va'n d l can thiet va quan trpng la giao due dai hpe se phai tira ra nhflng giai phap cho van d l dang ton tai va t r a n h nhOiig van d l xay r a trong tfldng lai. Moi ca nhan
thara gia vao boat dpng giao due phai y thfle dugc md'i quan he hiJu ed da chieu gifla cae yeu to npi sinh, ngoai sinh hen quan den kien thfle, ky nang, tam hon, n i n van hda ciia dan tpc, dac biet la dpi ngu can bd quan ly giao due vi bat cfl trong linh vflc nao, kinh te, ehinh tri hay xa hpi, giao due dai hgc ludn dUdc xem nhU mpt n h a n td ddng gdp vao viee nang eao eh^t lugng eugc so'ng tren toan the gidi.
Nam bat duge dilu dd cdng vdi tam nhin lanh dao va nhflng lgi the san ed v l van hda, ngdn ngfl, nguon Iflc, Singapore da ed ehien luge rad cfla chao ddn nhflng trU&ng dai hpc danh tie'ng Hoa Ky vao hd thdng giao due ciia qudc gia n u n h va hp da ra't t h a n h cdng. Dac biet la dai hgc Yale - NUS vdi t h a m vpng gifl chan ngfl&i tai, thu hut n h a n tai va dao tao r a mpt the hd lanh dao tai gidi vdi tri thUe cua hai n i n van hoa Dong - Tay.
Trie't ly giao due eiia Yale - NUS xoay quanh giao due toan dien, khai phong, tU do, da van hda va cdng bang. Mong rang trong bdi canh edng dong ASEAN, tam nhin de'n n a m 2025, nhCttig bai hge kinh nghiem cua Singapore se it nhilu giup nhflng ngudi lara edng tae quan ly giao due hoae trUe tie'p t h a m gia eong tac giang day, dao tao suy nghi ve va'n de van hda dai hpc Viet Nam vi giao due ndi chung, van hda dai hgc ndi rieng nhU sU can thiet CO ban ddi vdi ky eUdng xa hpi, la nguon lue ehinh thue day tang trfldng kinh te ben vflng, cung ca'p cho eon ngfldi nhOftig kie'n thfle, ky nang, cae gia tri eho chung ta va cho cac the he tUdng lai./.
Nghien cdu Dong Nam A, sdj!]^}—
CHU THICH TAI L I E U THAM KHAO
1. Le Ngpc (Theo The Straits Times) (2016), Singapore- nen giao due biet dai nhan tai, tren trang: http://khoahocphattrien.vn/kha m-pha/singaporenen-giao-duc-biet-dai- nhan-tai/2016051803422928plc879.htin, truy cap ngay 18/3/2018.
2. Ben Wildavsky (2012), The Great Brain Race: How Global Universities Are Reshaping the World, Princeton University Press.
3. Nguyen Xuan Xanh (2012), Ldi tpa cho
"Cuoc canh tranh chat xam vT dai", tr&n trang: https://rosetta.vn/nguyenxuanxanh/lo i-tua-cho-cuoc-canh-tranh"chat-xam-vi-dai/
4. Nguyen Xuan Xanh (2012), tldd 5. Nguygn Xuan Xanh (2012), tldd 6. Richard Levin (Pham Thi Ly dich), trf-n
trang:http;//www.lypham.net'?p=865 7. Nguyin Xuan Xanh (2012), tldd 8. Nguyen Xuan Xanh (2016), Tai sao can
giao due khai phong? Tren trang:
https://rosetta.vn/nguyenxuanxanh/tai-sao- can-giao~duc-khai-phong/#_ftnrei26 9. Nguyen Xuan Xanh (2012), tldd 10. https://www.yale-nus.edu.sg/
11. Phan Thi H6ng Xuan (2012), Van hoa cdc tpc ngudi d Malaysia & Singapore, NXB Dai hoc Qudc gia Tp.HCM, tr.27.
12. Le Ngpc (Theo The Straits Times) (2016), tldd.
13. https://www.yale-nus.edu.sg/
14. Nguyen Xuan Xanh (2012), tldd 15. Theo VOV (2017), Thim 200.000 cU nhan
thdt nghiep trong ndm 2017, http://viet- namnet.vn/vn/kinh-doanh/thi-truong/them- 200-000-cu-nhan-that-nghiep-trong-nam- 2017-356094.html
1. Van Khoa (2017), Bang xe'p hang 1^00 dai hpc hang dau the S^^^' https://thanhnien.vn/giao-duc/bang-xep- hang-lOOO-dai-hoc-hang-dau-the-gioi- 872876.html, truy cap ngay 18/03/2018.
2. L§ Ngpc (Theo The Straits Times) (2016), Singapore- nen giao due biet dai nhan tax, http://khoahocphattrien.vn/kham-pha/sin- g a p o r e n e n - g i a o - d u e - b i e t - d a i - n h a n - tai/2016051803422928plc879.htm, truy cap ngay 18/3/2018.
3. Richard Levin (Pham Thi Ly dich), http://www. Iypham.ne1/?p=865
4. VOV (2017), Them 200.000 cfl nhan th^t nghiep trong nam 2017, http://vietnam- net.vn/vn/kinh-doanh/thi-truong/them-200- OOO-cu-nhan-that-nghiep-trong-nam-2017- 356094.html
5. Top 10 dai hoc hang dau Singapore, tren trang: http://megastudy.edu.vn/du-hoc-sin- gapore/top-10-dai-hoc-hang-dau-singapore- a 1397.html
6. Nguyin Xuan Xanh (2012), Ldi tUa cho
"Cuoc canh tranh chat xam vi dai", https.7/rosetta.vn/nguyenxuanxanh/!oi-tua- cho-cuoc-canh-tranh-chat-xam-vi-dai/
7. Nguyin Xuan Xanh (2016), Tai sao can giao due khai phong?
https://rosetta.vn/nguyenxuanxanh/tai-sao- can-giao-duc-khai-phong/#_ftnref26 8. Phan Thi Hong Xuan (2012), Van hoa cac
t6c ngfldi d Malaysia & Singapore, NXB Dai hpc Qudc gia Tp.HCM.
9. UNESCO, Education for the Twenty - first Centuray: Issues and Prospects Contributions to the work of the International Commission on Education for the Twenty - first Century, UNESCO Publishing, 1998.
