DANG CONG SAN VIET NAM
• •
TRl/dC NHU^G Bir6c NGOAT LICH Slf
ThS NGUYEN QUANG NGQC*
1930 Dang Cdng san Viet Nam
^ra ddi, danh dau budc ngoat quan trpng cua each mang Viet Nam. 82 nam qua, dudi sy lanh dao cua Dang, dan tdc ta da trai qua nhieu chang dudng dau tranh oanh liet va gianh dugc nhirng thang Igi cd y nghTa ljch sir va thdi dai. Qua trinh Dang 13nh dao each mang khdng phai Mc nao cung thuan Igi ma la ca mdt chang dudng dai phai vugt qua nhieu thach thiic, khd khan. Cd nhiing thdi diem ljch sir dat ra thii thach "ngat ngheo", tham chi cd liic van menh dan tdc nhu "ngan can treo spi tdc".
Lanh dao dan tdc vugt qua thii thach trong nhung thdi diem khd khan dd la minh chiing eho ban ITnh, tri tue va vai trd lanh dao cua Dang ddi vdi giai cip va dan tpc.
Ngay sau khi ra ddi. Dang da td chiie va lanh dao mot phong trao quin chiing Idn manh, tu> bi dan ap dim mau nhung da
"khing dinh trong thyc tl quyIn lanh dao va nang lye lanh dao each mang cua giai cip v6 san ma dai bieu la Dang ta"' Trudc phong trao each mang. thye dan Phap da thi hanh chinh sach khungjjd hit sue da man.
* Trudng Chinh tri Trin Phu, Ha TTnh
Nhieu ddng chi lanh dao va hang ngan chien sy cdng san bi bat, co sd Dang d Trung uong va dia phuong lin lugt bi pha vd. Trudc tinh hinh dd, tam ly bi quan, dao ddng khdng chi xuat hien trong quan chiing nhan dan ma edn xuat hien trong hang ngu ciia nhiing ngudi each mang. Tuy nhien, vdi ban ITnh, tri tue cua minh Dang luon gitr vung nilm tin tit thing, y chi kien cudng bit khuat, giii vung y thiic td chiic va ky luat, sac ben va kip thdi trong cong tac tu tudng de lanh dao dua each mang vugt qua khd khan, thir thach. Nam 1932
"Chuong trinh hanh ddng" dugc cdng bo;
den nam 1935, sau Dai hpi Dai bilu toan qudc lan thii nhit, ca quan lanh dao. Trung uong dupe khdi phue, tao dilu kien khoi phue he thdng td chiic Dang d dia phuong, quy tu cae phong trao, eac td chiic hoat dpng phan tan trong toan qudc, tao dilu kien de dua each mang budc vao mdt giai doan mdi.
Nhay ben trudc nhiing tac ddng eiia cupc chien tranh dl qudc phat xit, nim viing ly luan khdi nghTa vii trang ciia chii nghTa Mac va nguyen ly "Biln chiln tranh de qudc thanh npi chiln each mang" cua
20 TAP CHi LjCH SU O A N G - S6 2/2012
KY NIEM 82 NAM...
Lenin, ngay sau khi chien tranh the gidi lan thii hai biing nd, Hdi nghi Trung uong 11-1939 da kip thdi cd su phan tich toan dien, khoa hpc nguyen nhan, tac ddng, cac kha nang dien bien cua chiln tranh va quylt dinh chuyen hudng chi dao chien luge. Sy sac sao, nhay ben chinh tri ciia Trung uong the hien rd trong ket luan:
"Budc dudng sinh tdn cua eac dan tdc Ddng Duong khdng cd con dudng nao khac hon la con dudng danh dd dl qudc Phap, chdng lai tat aeh ngoai xam... de tranh lay giai phdng dan tde"^ Nhu vay, khi nhiing dieu kien cho dau tranh dan sinh dan ehu khdng cdn niia. Dang da kip thdi dua ra djnh hudng chlnh tri, dinh hudng tu tudng cho toan Dang, toan dan phii hop vdi giai doan diu tranh gianh chinh quyen, dat nen mong cho qua trinh bd sung, hoan chinh dudng ldi each mang giai phdng dan tdc.
Ket luan nay chiing minh sy trudng thanh trong nhan thirc cac quy luat khach quan, ban ITnh viing vang va tinh than chu ddng sang tao eiia Trung uang Dang. Nd cham dirt tinh trang lung tiing do sy chuyen bien nhanh chdng va tac ddng phiie tap cua tinh hinh khi chien tranh thi gidi biing nd, bpn phan ddng thude dia trd mat dan ap phong trao each mang, ban bd sac lenh giai tan Dang Cpng san va cac td chiic quan chiing ciia Dang.
Nam viing thdi co va chop thdi co la dieu kien het sire quan trpng de tien hanh mdt cupc each mang thanh cdng. Cach
mang Thang Tam nam 1945 la mdt trong nhirng sy kien the hien day du ban ITnh, tri tue eua Dang, mdt mau mye trong nghe thuat lanh dao va chop thdi co khdi nghTa.
Cudi nam 1944 diu 1945, trudc nhung diln bien mau le ciia tinh hinh the gidi va trong nude, ddi hdi Dang vdi tu each la lye lugng lanh dao duy nhat phai dua ra dugc quyet dinh ddi vdi van menh dan tdc. Trong lue nay, nlu khdng ed tri tue va ban ITnh chinh tri viing vang, chac chan se roi vao liing tung, do dy. Thim nhuin ldi day cua Lenin: "Lich sir se khdng tha thii cho nhiing ngudi each mang cd the thang Igi hdm nay (va chac chan se thang Igi hdm nay) ma lai de cham tre; vi de den ngay mai, khdng kheo hp se mat nhieu, khdng kheo hp se mat tat ca"^ Sau khi phan tich tinh hinh, Hdi nghi toan qudc cua Dang (13-8-1945) da nhan dinh: "eo hdi tdt cho ta gianh dpc lap da tdi" va quyet dinh phat ddng tdng khdi nghTa gianh chinh quyen ngay sau khi phat xit Nhat dau hang va trudc khi quan Ddng minh vao Ddng Duong. Dy bao diing thdi co, kip thdi phat ddng toan dan khdi nghTa, kien quylt trong nhung gid phiit quyet dinh cua lich sii la mdt trong nhiing dinh cao cua nghe thuat lanh dao each mang eua Dang trong Cach mang Thang Tam. Nhd vay each mang da gianh dupe,thing Igi trong thdi gian ngin va it tdn that, ddng thdi da thay ddi vj thi dat nude khi tiep quan Ddng minh mdt trong nhung nhan td quan trpng gdp phin
TAP CHi-LICH S U O A N G - S6 2/2012 21
han chl va di din dap tan am muu, thu doan cua cac lye lugng dudi danh nghTa quan Ddng minh vao \'iet Nam dl giai giap quan phat xit Nhat.
Sau Cach mang Thing Tam, ben canh nhimg thuan loi can ban, nen dde lap non tre phai duong diu vdi mudn van khd khan, thir thach, nhit la nhung am muu, toan tinh den toi ciia thii trong, giac ngoai, van menh dan tdc luc nay nhu "ngan can treo sgi tdc" Mot lin niia ban ITnh, tri tue ciia Dang lai dugc thi hien trudc nhiing thir thach hilm ngheo cua ljch su. Xuat phat tir dac dilm, tinh chit va dieu kien Uch sir cu thi cua thdi ky 1945-1946, viec kien quyet gitr viing nguyen tac chiln luge, nhung mem deo, linh boat trong sach luge trd thanh van de sdng cdn ddi vdi chinh quyen each mang. Xuat phat tir nhan thiic diing dan ve su thdng nhat giiia chien luge va sach luge, trong dd sach luge phai phu thudc vao chiln luge, la nhiing budc trung gian, qua dp, de chuyen hoa lye lupng, gianh thang Igi timg budc de hudng tdi gianh thang Igi cudi ciing. Dang chu truong liic thi tam thdi "hda hoan" vdi quan dpi Tudng Gidi Thach dl tap trung ddi pho vdi thyc dan Phap; liic lai chuyin sang "hda hoan" \ di thyc dan Phap dl gat gan 20 van quan Tudng vl nude. Trong cupc diu tranh chinh tri, khi ke thii ddng manh han ta nhieu mat, ben canh viec nhudng mot sd ghi trong Qudc hdi va Chinh phii cho eac dang phai ddi lap thi
viee tuyen bd "ty giai tan"" cua Dang ta ngay 11-11-1945 (thyc chit la rut vao hoat ddng bi mat) la mdt sach luge phii hop vdi sy lanh dao trong thdi ky dat nude dang diln ra cupc dau tranh dan tpc va diu tranh giai cap vd eiing gay gat. Do do da han chl tdi miic thip nhat sy pha hoai eua eac lye lugng phan ddng, giii viing chinh quyen each mang non tre trudc con sdng gid.
Da tam xam luge cua thyc dan Phap da dat dan tdc ta trudc thir thach mdi: hoac chien dau de giii vung nen dpc lap, hoSc trd lai kiep nd le mdt lan niia. Khi ma thien chi hoa binh va mpi sy nhan nhugng cua Dang khdng dupe thyc dan Phap dap lai, khi ma lye lugng khang chien da dugc chuan bi ve can ban va chiing ta khdng the tilp tuc nhan nhupng, ngay 19-12-1946, Dang phat ddng toan qudc khang chien chdng thyc dan Phap. Day la mdt quyet dinh hit siie dung dan va kip thdi, the hien sy binh tinh, ty tin va chii ddng cua Dang.
Vdi ban ITnh chinh tri viing vang, niem tin sit da vao siic manh eua ca dan tdc va quylt tam "tha hy sinh tat ca, chii nhit dinh khdng chiu mit nude, nhat dinh khdng chju lam nd le". Dang va Chii tich Hd Chi Minh da sdm hoach dinh duac dudng ldi khang chiln dpc lap, sang tao, khai day siic manh eua toan dan tdc, khai thae va ddng vien dugc sy ung hd va giiip do ciia qudc te. Dd la dudng ldi khang chien toan dan, toan dien, lau dai, dya vao
22 TAP CHi LICH SU' D A N G - S6 2/2012
KYNIEM82NAM...
sire minh la chfnh. Dudng ldi tren da xir ly diing dan mdi quan he dan tdc va giai cap, giira chien tranh va each mang, giiia dan tdc va qudc te; khdng rap khudn, giao dieu va khdng ngimg dugc bd sung, phat trien tai cac thdi diem quan trgng, tao ra nhirng budc chuyen Idn, dua khang chien den thang Igi cudi cimg.
Cude khang chien chdng My, cim nude ciia nhan dan ta dudi sy lanh dao eua Dang dien ra trong mdt bdi canh qudc te va trong nude cyc ky phirc tap. C( trong nude, sau nam 1954, dat nude tam thdi bi chia eat lam hai mien vdi hai che dp chinh tri khac nhau. Trong 4 nam tir 1955 den 1958 each mang mien Nam tdn that den 9/10 sd can bd dang vien do chinh sach khiing bd ciia ke thii. Cach mang Viet Nam phai duong dau vdi de qudc My, mdt ke thii giau manh; mat khac, sy bat ddng trong phong trao cdng san va cdng nhan tjude te ngay cang sau sac dan den sy phan liet gi&a cac dang... Tinh hinh dd da anh hudng trye tiep den viec hoach dinh dudng ldi cho each mang Viet Nam. Dau tranh bing phuong phap nao de dua each mang mien Nam thoat ra khdi canh ''nude sdi Ilia bdng" nhung khdng di ngugc lai xu the giai quyet mau thuan cua the gidi, gdp phan giai quyet nhiing bat ddng va tranh thii su giup dd ciia cac nude xa hdi chu nghTa... dd la nhiing cau hdi khd ma thyc tien dat ra. Trai qua mdt qua trinh tim tdi, due rut kinh nghiem ljch sir Dang da tra
ldi cau hdi dd tai Hdi nghj Trung uong lan thir 15 (1959) vdi viec quylt dinh dudng ldi va phuong phap each mang mien Nam.
Quyet dinh lich sii dd danh dau mdt budc nhay vpt quan trpng cua each mang mien Nam, tir giii gin lye lugng chuyen sang the tien cdng, md dau bang phong trao Ddng khdi. Thang Igi eua phong trao Dong khdi da chirng minh mdt thanh cdng dien hinh cua Dang ve phuong phap tien hanh bao lye each mang, ve nghe thuat khdi dau cude ehien tranh each mang mdt each dpc dao, kheo leo, phii hpp vdi nang lye each mang va lam yen long ban be qudc te. Mdt lan niia tri tue va ban ITnh chinh tri eua Dang lai dugc ljch sir ghi nhan d mdt trong nhiing khiie quanh khd khan, phue tap nhat.
Sau thang loi cua cupc khang chien chdng My, cuu nude, ea nude budc vao thdi ky qua dp len ehu nghTa xa hdi. Do lac hau ve nhan thiic ly luan, sai lam vira
"ta" khuynh, vira hiiu khuynh. trong td chirc thyc hien, nen sau hang chuc nam xay dyng chu nghTa xa hdi theo tu duy cu xa cung, giao dieu, dat nude lam vao cupc khiing hoang kinh tl xa hdi. Khiing hoang kinh te xa hdi len din dinh dilm, gia ca tang hon 300%, lam phat dat miic ky lue 774,4%, ddi sdng nhan dan vd cimg khd khan. Tuy nhien, vdi tri tue va ban ITnh chinh tri virng vang, Dai hdi Dai bilu tcTan qudc lin thii VI cua Dang (12-1986) da khdi xudng dudng ldi ddi mdi toan
TAP CHi LICH SU" D A N G • S6 2/2012 23
ban che va di den dap tan am muu, thu doan eua cac lye lugng dudi danh nghTa quan Ddng minh vao Viet Nam de giai giap quan phat xit Nhat.
Sau Cach mang Thing Tim, ben canh nhirng thuan Ipi can ban, nen dde lap non tre phai duong dau vdi mudn van khd khan, thir thich, nhat la nhiing am muu, toan tinh den tdi ciia thii trong, giac ngoai, van menh dan toe liic nay nhu "ngan can treo sgi tdc" Mdt lan nOa ban ITnh, tri tue ciia Dang lai dugc the hien trudc nhirng thir thach hiem ngheo cua ljch sir. Xuat phit tir die diem, tinh chat va dieu kien ijeh sir cu the cua thdi ky 1945-1946, viec kien quyet gitr virng nguyen tic chien luge,
• nhung mem deo, linh hoat trong sich luge trd thanh vin dl sdng cdn ddi vdi chinh quyIn each mang. Xuat phit tir nhan thiie diing din ve su thdng nhat giiia chien luge va sich luge, trong dd sich luge phai phu thudc vao chien luge, la nhung budc trung gian, qua dp, de chuyen hoa lye lugng, gianh thing Igi timg budc de hudng tdi gianh thing Igi eudi ciing. Dang ehu truang liie thi tam thdi "hda hoan" vdi quan dpi Tudng Gidi Thach dl tap trung ddi phd vdi thyc dan Phap; liie lai chuyin sang "hda hoan" vdi thyc dan Phip dl gat gin 20 van quan Tudng vl nude. Trong cude diu tranh chinh trj, khi ke thii ddng manh han ta nhieu mat, ben canh viee nhudng mdt sd ghe trong Quoc hdi va Chinh phii cho cac ding phii ddi lap thi
viec tuyen bd "ty giai tin"" cua Ding ta ngay 11-11-1945 (thyc chat la rut vao hoat ddng bi mat) la mdt sach luge phii hgp vdi sy lanh dao trong thdi ky dat nude dang dien ra cupc dau tranh dan tdc va dau tranh giai cap vd cimg gay gat. Do do da han che tdi miic thap nhat sy phi hoai cua cic lye lugng phin ddng, giii viing chinh quyen each mang non tre trudc con sdng gid.
Da tam xam luge eua thyc dan Phip da dat dan tdc ta trudc thir thich mdi; hoac chien dau de giii virng nen dde lap, hoac trd lai kiep nd le mdt lan nira. Khi ma thien ehi hoi binh va mpi sy nhan nhugng ciia Dang khdng dugc thyc dan Phip dap lai, khi ma lye lugng khang chien da dugc chuin bi ve cin ban va chiing ta khdng thi tilp tuc nhan nhugng, ngay 19-12-1946, Dang phit ddng toan quoc khing chiln chdng thyc dan Phap. Day la mdt quylt dinh hit siic diing din va kip thdi, thi hien sy' binh tTnh, ty tin va chii dpng cua Ding.
Vdi ban ITnh chinh trj viing vang, niem tin sat di vao sue manh cua ca dan tpc va quylt tam "thi hy sinh tit ci, chii nhit dinh khdng chju mat nude, nhit dinh khdng chiu lam nd le", Dang va Chii tich Hd Chi Minh da sdm hoach dinh dugc dudng ldi khang chien dpc lap, sing tao, khoi day sue manh cua toan dan tdc, khai thae va ddng vien dugc sy ung hd va giiip dd cua qudc te. Dd la dudng ldi khang chien toan dan, toan dien, lau dai, dya vao
22 TAP CHi LICH SU O A N G - S6 2/2012
KY NIEM 82 NAM.,
siic minh la chinh. Dudng ldi tren da xir ly dung din mdi quan he dan tdc va giai cap, giira chien tranh va cich mang, giiia dan tdc va qudc te; khdng rap khudn, giio dieu va khdng ngimg dugc bd sung, phit trien tai cac thdi diem quan trpng, tao ra nhiing budc chuyen idn, dua khing chien den thang Ipi cudi cimg.
Cupc khing chien chdng My, ciru nude ciia nhan dan ta dudi sy lanh dao cua Ding dien ra trong mdt bdi canh qudc te va trong nude eye ky phiic tap. 0 trong nude, sau nim 1954, dat nude tam thdi bi chia eat lam hai mien vdi hai che dp chinh tri khic nhau. Trong 4 nim tir 1955 den 1958 each mang mien Nam tdn that den 9/10 sd cin bd dang vien do chinh sich khung bd eiia ke thii. Cich mang Viet Nam phii duong dau vdi de qudc My, mdt ke thii giau manh; mat khic, sy bat ddng trong phong trio cdng san va cdng nhan qudc te ngay cang sau sic dan den sy phan liet giira cic ding... Tinh hinh dd da anh hudng trye tiep den viec hoach dinh dudng loi cho cich mang Viet Nam. Dau tranh bing phuong phap nao de dua cich mang mien Nam thoat ra khdi canh "nude sdi lira bdng" nhung khdng di ngugc lai xu the giai quyet mau thuan ciia the gidi, gdp phan giai quyet nhiing bat ddng va tranh thu sy giup dd ciia cic nude xa hdi chu nghTa... dd la nhirng cau hdi khd ma thyc tien dat ra. Trai qua mdt qui trinh tim tdi, diic rut kinh nghiem ljch sii Dang da tri
ldi cau hdi do tai Hdi nghj Trung uong Ian thii 15 (1959) vdi viec quylt dinh dudng ldi va phuong phap each mang mien Nam.
Quyet dinh lich sir dd dinh diu mdt budc nhay vpt quan trpng cua cich mang mien Nam, tir giii gin luc lupng chuyen sang the tien cdng, md dau bang phong trao Ddng khdi. Thang Igi cua phong trao Ddng khdi da chimg minh mdt thanh cdng dien hinh cua Ding ve phucmg phip tien hanh bao lye cich mang, vl nghe thuat khdi diu cude ehien tranh each mang mdt cich dde dio, kheo leo, phii hgp vdi ning lye cich mang va lam yen Idng ban be qudc te. Mdt lan niia tri tue va ban ITnh chinh tri cua Dang lai dugc lich sir ghi nhan d mdt trong nhirng khiic quanh khd khin, phirc tap nhat.
Sau thang Igi cua cude khang chien chdng My, cuu nude, ca nude budc vao thdi ky qui dp len chu nghTa xa hdi. Do lac hau ve nhan thiic ly luan, sai lam vira
"ti" khuynh, vira hiiu khuynh. trong td chiic thyc hien, nen sau hang chuc nim xay dyng chii nghTa xa hpi theo tu duy eu xo Cling, giio dieu, dit nude lam vao cupc khung hoang kinh te xa hdi. Khiing hoang kinh tl xa hdi len den dinh dilm, gii ci tang han 300%, lam phat dat miic ky luc 774,4%, ddi sdng nhan dan vd ciing khd khin. Tuy nhien, vdi tri tue va ban ITnh chinh tri viing vang, Dai hdi Dai bilu tdin qudc lin thii VI cua Dang (12-1986) da khdi xudng dudng ldi ddi mdi toan
TAP CHi LICH S U O A N G - S6 2/2012 23
dien dit nude, timg budc hinh thanh tu duy mdi, quan niem mdi ve chu nghTa xa
hdi, thdi ky qua dp len chu nghTa xa hdi tren dit nude ta. Ngay sau Dai hdi VI, cich mang lai phai ddi mat vdi nhiing khd khin, thach thiic tudng chimg khdng the vugt qua. Nhieu nude xa hdi chu nghTa lam vao khung hoang toan dien va nghiem trpng. Viet Nam khdng cdn sy iing hd truyen thdng, lai chiu sy bao vay, cim van, chdng pha ciia cic the luc thii djeh. Luc nay trong Dang va ngoai xa hdi xuit hien nhilu ludng tu tudng khic nhau, tham chi ddi lap nhau vl ddi mdi hay khdng ddi mdi, ddi mdi bang con dudng nao... Trong hoan canh dd, neu thieu ban ITnh, tri tue chi mdt quyet djnh sai lam ciing cd the dua den nhirng nguy co ddi vdi van menh cua Dang, • cua dan tdc.
Trudc tinh hinh phiic tap dd, Hdi nghj Trung uong 6 khoa VI (3-1989) da kip thdi de ra nhiing nguyen tic co ban ehi dao ddi mdi, kien quyet thyc hien dudng ldi ddi mdi. Cd the thay rang, nhiing nguyen tac co ban chi dao ddi mdi thi hien rd tri tue va ban ITnh chinh tri viing vang cua Ding ta, bio dam cho sy nghiep ddi mdi phit trien dung hudng, gdp phin quan trpng vao cupc diu tranh chdng chii nghTa co hpi, xet lai, bao ve va phat triln ly luan chii nghTa Mae-Lenin.
Tir cudi nim 2007 din nay thi gidi da vi dang dien ra khung hoing tai chinh din tdi suy thoii kinh tl toan ciu. 6 nude ta, lam
phit gia tang, gia ea leo thang, chi sd tang gii tieu dimg nam 2008 len tdi 22,97%.
Trudc nhiing khd khan, thich thiic mdi.
Dang kip thdi dua ra nhiing chii truong, giai phip nhim ngan chan suy giam kinh te, chii ddng phdng ngira lam phat, dn djnh kinh te vT md, duy tri tang trudng hgp ly, nang cao chat lugng nen kinh te, bio dam an sinh xa hdi. day manh xoa ddi, giam ngheo, eai thien va nang cao ddi sdng vat chat va tinh than cda nhan dan, thyc hien tien bd vi cdng bang xa hpi.
Ban ITnh, tri tue eiia Dang cdn dupe the hien d thii dp dim thira nhan va kien quylt siia chiia nhiing sai lam, khuyet diem. Trong 82 nam lanh dao each mang, da cd luc do au trT. ndng vdi, "ta" khuynh, dan den viec Ding pham sai lam, khuyet diem. Chu tjch Hd Chl Minh cho rang: "Mdt Dang ma giau giem khuyet diem la mdt Dang hdng, neu Dang pham sai lam thi phii cdng khai thira nhan sai lam, tim nguyen nhan sai lam, de ra bien phip siia chiia thi dd la dau hieu cua mdt Dang chan chinh"^ Thyc tien chiing minh. Dang khdng che giau nhiing khuyet diem, khdng sg phe binh, rat nhieu lan Ding ty phe binh vl khuyet diem ciia minh de quyet tam sua chiia va sua chiia thanh cdng:
Thing 5-1931 Dang da cd Chi thi phe binh nhiing quan dilm sai lim "ta" khuynh cua Xii uy Trung Ky trong chu truang ve van de thanh Dang; trong giai doan 1936-1939, ddng ehi Tdng Bi thu Nguyen Van Cir da viet tac pham "Ty chi trich" ve khuylt diem
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KY NIEM 82 NAM.
cua Dang trong nhan thiic va van dung ly luan chu nghTa Mic-Lenin, ve thai dp cua ding vien trong dau tranh ty phe binh va phe binh v.v.. Nam 1947, khi nhin thiy nhimg nguy co Dang cim quyIn dl pham sai lam, Chii tjch Hd Chi Minh vilt tic pham "Sira ddi ldi lam viec"; nam 1952 Dang thyc hien cupc chinh quan, chinh huan ngay trong khang chien; nam 1956, Ding da nhan ldi trudc nhan dan ve sai lam trong eai cich rudng dat, chinh ddn td chirc, rdi kien quyet sira sai, biet cich sira sai cd hieu qua; nim 1961 tilp tuc thyc hien chinh huan khi mien Bic dang xay dyng chii nghTa xa hdi; nam 1963 la cupc van dpng Idn, "3 xay, 3 chdng"; nam 1969, Chu tjch Ho Chi Minh vilt bai: "Nang eao dao dire each mang, quet sach chu nghTa ci nhan"; din Dai hdi VI, Dang dung cam nhin thing vao sy that, ndi r5 sy that ve thyc trang dat nude va khuyet diem trong lanh dao kinh tl, rdi kien quyet, dung cim tien hanh cdng cupc ddi mdi.
Ban ITnh, tri tue cua Dang dugc hinh thanh, tdi luyen va thir thich qua thyc tien diu tranh va lanh dao each mang. Vi viy, nd phai khdng ngirng dugc cung cd, bdi dip nhim nang cao nang lye lanh dao va sire chien dau cua Dang. Hien tai, bdi cinh qudc te va tinh hinh trong nude dang dat Dang ta dirng trudc nhieu van de mdi sa het sire phiic tap. Khdng it van de ly luan va thyc tien chua dii sing td; trinh dp nhan thirc, tri tue cd mat cdn han che;
cdng tic xay dyng Dang va dpi ngii cin bd, dang vien cdn nhiing yeu kem; cic the lye thii dich dang tim mpi each tien cdng phi hoai sy nghiep cich mang, ra sure xuyen tac, vu eio, kich dpng chia re ndi bd Dang, hdng lam tan ra Dang tir ben trong. Trong tinh hinh ay, neu Dang khdng that viing vang ve chinh trj, tu tudng; khdng theng nhat cao ve y chi, hanh ddng; khdng trong sach ve dao dire, ldi sdng; khdng chat che ve td chirc;
khdng dugc nhan dan iing hd, thi khdng the dimg viing va dii sire lanh dao cich mang. Vdi phuong cham: "Nhin thing vao sy that, dinh gii dung sy that, khich quan, khdng ne nang, ne trinh", Hdi nghi Trung uong 4 khoi XI da ra Nghi quyet so 12-NQ/TW vl "Mdt sd vin dl cip bich ve xay dyng Dang trong tinh hinh hien nay" gdp phin thyc hien 8 nhiem vu CO ban cd tinh he thdng, toan dien ve xay dyng Dang ma Dai hgi XI cua Dang da de ra, nhim xay dyng Dang ta that sy la ding cich mang chan chinh.
1. Le Duan: Dudi Id cd ve vang cua Dang, vi doc lap tu do. vi chu nghia xd hoi. tien len gianh nhOng thdng loi mdi. Nxb ST, H, 1975, tr 386
2. Van kien Ddng Todn tap. Nxb CTQG, H, 2005, T. 6; tr 536
3. V.I.Lenin Todn tap, Nxb Tiin bp, M,1976, T. 34, tr571
4. Ho Chi Minh Todn tap. Nxb CTQG, H, 1998,T. 5,tr261.
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