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TRlilM VOIMG CAMH TAC EIOIXIE LUA IXIcAlM IMGAY TROIME HE THdiVG CAMH TAC LLIA-TOIM T A I BAC LIEU

Nguy&i Vin Qm>, Chiu Minfa Kfadi', Nguy£n Minh Ddng^,

^ Trin Huynh KhanfaSBemietMacdonaP,TSFhiic Tiidng'

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"'' Nghien cuu dupe dupe thuc hien tai khu vuc canh tac liia^dm tfaudc ip Phude Thgnh, x a Phude Long, , huyfn Phude Long, tinh Bac Lieu n h i m danh gfa k h i nSng thay tfad gidng lua mua, d i i ngay bdi gidng Iiia n g i n ngay nang s u i t cao. Thi nghifm ddng rudng dupe tfauc hifn trong vu thu ddng 2012-2013 gdm 2 gidng lua (Mft Bui Dd v i OM4900) va diu ddng 2013-2014 g o m 3 gidng lua (Mot Bui Do, OM10252, v i OM4900), frong dd gidng hia Mdt Bui S d fa gidng liia mua dia phuong, cd k h i nang chiu man v i dupe trdng phd bidn ., trong he tiidng canh tac liia-tom. Thi nghifm ddng rudng dupe bd tri theo khdi hoan toin n g i u nhien vdi 3

^ fan fap laL C i c chi tieu d\Bfc tfau tfaip gdm dac tinh hda hpc dat va nuoc, nang s u i t hia, sinh khdi va c i c ydu J. td c i u thinh nang s u i t Ngoii ra, thdng tin vd hifn trang canh tic hia trong he tfadng liia-tdm cung dupe

didu b-a qua phong v i n 30 hd nong d i n tai cac xa cd canh t i e Ua-tdm ciia huyfn Phude Long. Kdt q u i J nghien ciiu cho fliay gidng hia gidng liia OM4900 cd nang s u i t dao d f n g tir 4,03 ddn 4,93 t i n / h a , gidng

^. OM10252 cho nang suit trung binh 4,82 t i n / h a va tti^ dhit fa Mot Bui Do vdi nang suat dao dpng tii 3,35

^ ddn 3 3 7 t i n / h a . Canh tac gidng n g i n ngay cd kha nang nit n g i n thdi gian canh t i c k h o i n g 22-33 n g i y so vdi gidng liia miia. Kdt q u i didu tra cho tfaiy gidng lua n g i n ngay cd kha nang tiiay thd giong liia dai n g i y trong h f thdng liia-tdm do nang suit cao, tiiich nghi tdt thdi gian canh tac n g i n nen cd thd trinh dupe nii ro khi mua mua kdt thiic sdm, ddng thdi ndng d i n cd thdi gian c h u i n bi d i t cho vy tdm tidp tfaeo.

[~ Tit khda: Bac Liiu, giing liia chiu min, liia-tdm, lua ngin ngay.

,.> 1. Gn IMI gidng Mdt Bui Dd tiiudng cho nang suit thip hon Canh fac liia luin canfa vdi nudi tdm tren viing P^iK '"* *™^ ™^^ ^V n « ^ "K^y- Hon niia, canfa dit min dupe xem fa md fainfa dn djnh hon vd mit ^^ K>on« '"a dii ngiy frong hf flidng liia-tdm cd flid kinb td vi sinh thii so vdi canh tie chuyen tdm ™' ^ khi miia mua kdt fliiic sdm hoic anh hudng (Brennan et aL, 2002; Preston & Clayton, 2003) ^^ ^dc chuin bj dit cfao nudi tdm vu tidp flieo.

dupe ip dimg tgi cac tinfa ven bidn cua ddng bing Trong nfaiing nam gin diy, didu kidn flidi tidt d sdng Cihi Long (DBSCL). Canfa tic liia-tdm mang DBSCL thay ddi fliit tfaudng faon vdi miia khd kdo Igi nhidu lpi iefa nfau cfai phi dau hi tfaip, gia tang ty ^^ *idu nude ngpt cfao canfa tic ndng ngfaifp vi du If sdng aia tdm (Brennan et al., 2002). Ngoii ra, ^^° '''^" ^o' kfai faiu frong hiong fai se frim frpng gdc rg Iiig dd Igi sau fliu fapgcfa khi phin buy cQng li hon (Katie, 2011; Joshep, 2015; Hoanh et al., 2016).

ngudn tinic an cbo tdm frong vu tidp flieo. Bgc Lieu ^' ^ > ''de canh tie cic gidng lua ngin ngiy chju fa mdt frong nhiing tinb ven bidn ip dpng md hinh ° i ^ cd tfad giiip kfaic pfauc cic infa hudng bit Ipi liia-tom vdi difn ticb Idn (29.607 ba), tgp tnmg chii °^y. Canh tic gidng lua ngin ngiy khdng chi nit ydu d 2 huyfn Phude Long vi Hdng Din (Sd Khoa "Sin dupe tfadi gian canh tic liia, kdo dii thdi gian hpc vi Cdng ngfaf Bgc Lieu, 2015). Hau fadt ndng cfauin hi dit dd nudi tdm cho vu sau mi cdn gdp din tgi Bgc Lieu su dung gidng hia dii ngay (Mpt P h ^ 8fa ting Ipi nfauin cho ndng din. Vi viy, muc Bui Dd) (Phan Mmh Quang, 2009; Nguydn Thanh ^^^ cua ng^en aiu fa danh gii khi ning sin suit Tuong, 2013), chju nfan vi dd canh fac. Tuy nhien, 8i^°K '"a cao sin ngin ngiy, chju min vi ning suit cao frong be flidng lua tom dd tbay thd gidng lua IT ^ r> T r~- -n, miia ning suit fliip.

Trvdng D?i hpc Can Ttio

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' "talciILtional Rice Reseaich Instinite, Los Banos. ^. 2.L Difcl fra h i ^ fr:gng canfa tic hia frong md Philippines famfahi*tflm

N 6 N G N G H I | P V A PHAT TRIIN N O N G

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Tfadng tin vd c i e bifn phap canh tie hia aia ngudi din frong bf flidng canh tie hia-tom dupe tfau tfaip tfadng qua pfadng van true tidp 30 fad ndng din til 6 x i cd canfa tic lifa - Wm aia fauyfn Pfaudc Long tinfa Bac Lieu. Tfadng tin dupe tfau tfa^ vip tfaing 5/2014. Ndi dung pfadng vin tgp tiTing vio cac ydu td vd difn ticfa canfa fac, faifn pfaip chuin bj dit, bifn phip quin ly nude, tfadi didm i p dung md hinfa liia- tdm v i ly If ndng hd trdng cic gidng hia ngin ngiy trong faf tfadng liia-tdm tai dfa pfauong.

2.2. Bd tii flii n j ^ f m

Tfai ngfaifm lua dupe tfa^c hifn trong 2 vy (ila ddng 2012-2013 v i 2013-2014) fr6n dit canh tac k»

tdm t?i i p Pfaudc Tfagnfa (9*25'27,03": 1 0 5 * 2 6 ^ , x i Phude Long, huyfn Rbudc Long, tinh Bgc Lifti Die tinfa dit va nude dau vu dupe trinfa biy tnxf bang 1. Tdng lupng mua trong sudt vu trdng fa 783j mm ddi vdi vu tiiu ddng 2012-2013 va 722,9 mm ddi vu tiiu ddng 2013-2014, nfaift df cao nhit vi th^

nfait trung binfa frong ca 2 vu trdng lin lupt fa 30,K va 24,3°C v i 33,7°C v i 25.0°C (Hmfa 1).

Bing L D9c tinfa fada hpc d i t (0-15 cm) frude kfai riia

Vu

Thu ddng 2012-2013 Thu ddng 2013-2014

1 m ^ tgi fauyfn Phude Long Die tinh d i t

pH

7,ft±0,96 7,5±0,68

ECe (mS/cm) 10,9+0,17 12,2±0,71

Na* (mg/D 1925±385,8 2203±244,1

Ca^* (mg/D 54,3±20,1 135,9±16,4

Mg2* (mg/D 178„7±23,4 346„7±53,3

Bgc Lidu Nudekfnh EC (mS/cm)

5,0

2,14 Ghi chu: dc si theo sau diu ± thi hifn dp Ifch chuan cua dir Ufu (n = 9)

Gidng Ilia dupe su dyng fa gidng Iiia mua dii ng^, chju min li Mft Byi Dd v i 2 gidng ngin ngiy, chju min fa OM4900 v i OM10252 (Nguydn Thj llngva ctv, 2012; Nguydn Thi Lang v i ctv., 2015) vdi mit H) gieo sa fa 12 kg/1.000 m l Gidng Mdt Byi Do v4 OM4900 dupe su dyng frong vy thu ddng 2012-2013.

Rifng vy tiiu ddng 2013-2014 dupe bd sung tiiem gidng OM10252. D$c tinh ciia c i c gidng lua sir dpg frong ttii nghifm dupe tiinb biy frong bing 2. Th«

gian canh tic ciia c i c gidng liia dupe trinh biy tionj bing 3. Lupng phin bdn dimg frong thi nghifm tiieo cdng tinic 80 kg N-60 kg P2O5-I5 kg KzO/ha, dupe bdn dudi dgng phin don ure, supe phdt phit vi clorua kaU v i chia lim 4 fan bdn: bdn Idt toin W lupng phin lin ngay tiude khi sg, bdn 1/5 lupng urt liic 10 ngiy sau khi sa bdn 2/5 lupng urf vi 1/2 lupng kali vio 20 ngiy sau khi sa, v i bdn 2/5 lupng ure v i 1/2 lupng kali cdn lai khi ciy liia dupe 40 ngiy hidi.

Hhih L Dl&i bidn mft sd y ^ ttf kbi biu tgi Bgc Ufu til fliing 08/2012 ddn fliing 03/2014 Sau vy tdm, nifng dupe thid nude nfan v i xdi ddn dd siu 10 cm. Sau dd tidn hinfa bpm nude ngpt til kenh ndi ddng vio ngim dd nia nfan cho d i t Rufng dupe bom ngip 5 em, ngim frong 2 ngiy, x i bd nude v i tidn hinh bom nude ngim frd Igi. Qui frinh ngim, rira nfan dupe fap fai 3 fan. Sau khi kdt tfaiic qui hinh nia nfan, tidn hinh sg liia.

Thi nghifm dupe bd fri fliep khdi hoin toin ngiu nhifn gdm 2 gidng liia frong vy fliu ddng 2012- 2013 vi 3 gidng liia frong vy fliu ddng 2013-2014 vdi 3 lin fap Igi. Difn tieh mdi Id tiii nghifm fa 30 m l

Bing 2. Mdt s d d ^ tinh ciia cic gidni^ Ilia sii dung frong flii nghifm Gidng lua

Mdt Byi Dd OM10252 OM4900

Thdi gian smh trudng

(ngay) 135-150 95-105 95-105

Kha nang chju man''

12 mS/cm (6%o) 8dS/cm(4%.)

6,0-9.0mS/cm(3,0-4,5«o)

Nang suit tmng binh (tin/ha) 3,8 5,8 5,5

Tham khio

Nguyen Thi Lang et al. (2010k Nguydn Thanh Tudng, 2013 Nguydn Thj Lang vi ctv. 2015 Nguyen Thi Lang et al., 2011; Nguyfcl Thj Lang va ctv. 2015

36

N 6 N G N G H I ? P V A PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 9/2011

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'*-' dp min cda nude

Bing 3. Tlidi gian canfa tic dia c i c gidng trrag flii n l i i f m tfaMC faifn tgi Fliudc Long, B9C l i f u ,

Gidng

Mdt Bui Dd OM4900 OM10252

Vu trong Tfau ddng 2012-2013

Sg

08/10/2012 08/10/2012

X

Thu hogch

01/02/ 2013 10/01/2013

X

Tfadi gian sinfa frudng

(ngay) 117

94

X

Tfau ddng 2013-2014

Sg

14/09/2013 14/09/2013 14/09/2013

Tfau faogcfa

20/01/2014 18/12/2013 18/12/2013

Thdi gian sinh tmdng

(ngiy) 128

95 95 2.3. Tfau fliipstf lifu

2.3.1. SiU^ nude vi dat

Dd nfan (EQ cua nude kenh dupe do tai tfadi didm diu vu, tfadi didm bom rira va eac giai dogn sinfa tnidng kfaic nhau cua ciy liia. Tuong tu, EC eiia

^ R c ni^ig dupe do tgi tfadi didm riia dit v i c i c giai dogn sinh trudng cua ciy lua. Miu dit dupe tfau d dp siu 0-15 cm bing khoan tfau miu (pfain ming dii 20 cm, dudng kinfa ming 5 cm) tnide kfai nia, sau kfai nia, d giai doan dd nfainfa ticfa cue, giai doan frd bdng vi luc tfau faogcfa. Miu dit diu vu dupe diing dd pfain ticfa eic cfai tieu pH, ECe, Na* trao ddi, Ca^* trao ddi vi Mg^ trao ddi (Bang 1). Mau dit dia cic giai dogn cdn fai (sau kfai nia min, dd nfainfa, frd bdng v i thu faogcfa) dupe dimg dd dp ECe.

Pfauong phip pfain ticfa dit vi nude: miu dit dupe tfau tgi tfadi didm dit bio fada, ep fay dung dicfa v i tidn fainfa do cic cfai tieu fada fapc dit (Bing 1).

Chi tieu pH vi EC dupe dp bing pH/EC kd. Him lupng cic cation (Na*, Ca^*, Mg^*) hda tan trong dung djeh dit dupe dp tryc tidp bing nfay hip thu nguyen tu.

2.3.2. Si lifu cay bing

Ning suit liia va sinh khdi eiy dupe thu liic tiiu hpach. Tuy nhien, trong vy fliu ddng 2012-2013 ehi thu ning s u i t Ning suit hgt v i smh kfadi eiy lua dupe tfau trong kfau vue cd difn ticfa 5 m l Miu cay, sau kfai facfa hgt, duge siy d 70°C trong phdng flii nghifm frong vdng 48 gid dd tinh sinh khdi kfad.

Miu fagt sau kfai tacfa, can kfadi lupng tuoi, do i m dp vi tinfa nang suit d am df 14%. Cic ydu td ciu fliinfa ning suit liia gdm sd bdng/ml tdng sd fagt/bdng, kfadi lupng 1000 fagt. sd fagt cfaic/bdng, ty le fagt cfaie

va nang suit ly tfauydt duoc tinfa tii miu tfau faogcfa trong kfaung cd difn ticfa 0,25 m^ vdi 2 fap Igi cbo mdi Idtfain^fm.

s.iEr«MiniiiiMLiiMi

3.L Hifn trgng canfa tic Ma trong md famfa liia- tdm tgi Pfaudc Long, Bgc Lifu

3.1.1. Quimd va thdi gian canh taclua-tdm Kdt qua kfaio sat cfao tfaiy kfaoing 57% ndng hd ed difn tieh canh tic liia-tom tu 1 ddn 2 ha, 20% ndng fap cd difn ticfa dit t i i 2 - 3 faa v i kfaoing 13% ndng faf cd difn ticfa dat tren 3 faa. Tii trudc nim 2011, ndng din faiu nfau cfai sir dung gidng liia dii ngiy (Mpt Byi Dd) vdi tfadi gian smfa trudng tii 120 ddn 135 ngiy (Hinfa 2). Kd tit dd, ndng din bit diu sii dung cie gidng liia tning mua vdi tfadi gian smh tnidng khoang 110 ddn 120 ngiy nfau gidng ST5, gidng liia ngin ngay ning suit cao nfau OM6975, OM2517, OM6976... vdi flidi gian sinfa frudng tu 90 ddn 100 ngiy va gidng lua lai ning suit eao nfau HR182 v i BTE-1 vdi tfadi gian sinfa tnidng kfaoing 110 ngiy.

Kdt qui dupe hinfa biy d fainh 2 cfap tfaiy hi nim 2011 ddn 2014, ty If ndng din su dung gidng Mft Byi Dd cd xu faudng giam mgnfa tii 97% vio nim 2011 chi cdn 37% vio nim 2014. Trong khi dd, nfae dii mdi ehi dupe sii dung frong vii nam gin diy nhung ^ If hd ndng dan sir dyng gidng lua ngin ngiy v i liia lai cd xu faudng tang ding kd. Die bift, gidng lua fai cd xung faudng ting rat ding kd. Cy flid, nim 2011 v i 2012 e i c gi^ig hia lai dupe sur dyng cfai vip khoing 3% nhung d6i nim 2013 di ting len 30% v i nim 2014 fa 37%. Kdt qui khao sit trfn cfao thiy ndng din canh tic liiatdm d Phude Long da tbay ddi tip quin canfa tic mdt cacfa ding kd.

NdNG NGHllP VA PHAT TRIEN NdNG THON - KY 2 - THANG 9/2016 37

KHOA HOC CdNG NGH£

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Ifinh 2. T^ If ntag din sir dyng cic giifaig hia khic nfaau (sd Ufu tnmg binh dia 30 faf ntag din) 3.1.2. Khi nang tiiay ai giing Ma dai ngiy bdi giing Ida ngin ngiy

Kfaoing 67% ndng din dupe pfadng vin cfao ring cd flid fliay tiid gidng lua dii ngay (Mdt bui dd) bing gidng lua ngin ngiy. Cd nfaidu ly dp dupe dua ra cfap kfai nang tfi^ flid niy. dd fa gidng liia ngin ngiy se cho ning suit eao hon gidng hia miia v i vi viy Ipi nhuin cd kfai ning se cap hon. Cd y kidn ciing cho rtng, khi canh fac gidng hia ngin ngiy, ciy liia cd thd dupe ttiu fapgcfa sdm nen cd flidi gian dd chuin bj dit cbo vy tdm tidp tiieo. Ngoii ra, say fliu faogcfa gdc rg cua gidng ngin ngiy mau phan huy v i se tdt cfao vy tom tidp flieo. Ngupe fai, 33% ndng din fai cho ring gidng liia ngin ngiy dd bj bfnh hon gidng lua mua v i ddi hdi ky fliuit canh fac. Su dyng gidng liia ngin ngiy se sii dyng nhidu fliudc bao vf fliyc vit

hon va VI v i y cd flid anfa faudng ddn con tdm. M«»

3^ kidn ciing cfao ring gidng lua ngin ngiy ddi h«i A pfai diu hr cao v i kfad bin ndu kfadng sin x u i d k

logt ™ 3,2. D$c tinfa hda hpc d& v i nude

3.2.1. DdmSnnu&ckeab vanudcrupng Kdt qua khao sit dd min nude kf nh frong vata ddng 2012-2013 cho fliiy df nfan (EC) nude kfnhij 2,14 mS/cm vio diu vy liia v i dgt gii hi 0,8 mS/n vao flidi didm 10 ngiy sau khi sg. Ydu td mua cd U fa nguyen nhan lam giam df nfan nude kenh tiw khoang flidi gian niy. Trong khi dd, df nfan nnk nidng dgt g i i hi 3,9 mS/cm vao diu vy va bidn dte frong kfaoing 2,34,3 mS/em frong vdng 10 ng^sa kfai sa liia.

Kdt qui khio sit frong vy fliu ddng 2 0 1 3 ^ cho fliiy EC dia nude kfnfa dgt 5,0 mS/cm vao 4 vu Ilia v i giam din far giiia fliing 9 (Hinh 3). Nb v$y, g i i hi EC vio dau vy cao hon gin 2 fan sov«

EC vio diu vy cua vy fliu ddng 2012-2012. EC duj tii d miic fliip nhat frong khoang 22/10/2013(l4i 17/12/2013 v i sau dd cd xu hudng gia fang tro Iji Xu hudng dao dfng EC frong nude kenh mft phk do cd mua frong khoing tii fliing 9 ddn tiling U Ngoii ra, viing nghien cuu fliufc vimg dupe kiii spit man bdi hf flidng cdng, nfn EC aia nude kMi cd flid duy hi d miie fliip ddn giiia fliing 12

-•0 0 10 20 30 40 50

60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 ThMgian

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Mnh 3. Difa bidn df m*, dia nude kenh v i

taiPh.^T '"!?^™*°8fr<»«vwfliuddng2013.2014 fai Phude Ixmg, Bgc Lifu

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D,^ Df min frung famfa ciia nude mdng trong vy thu i^^ldng 2013-2014 dao ddng hi 2,36 mS/an ddn 6,88

nS/cm (Hinh 3). Kdt qui phin ticb cho tfaiy, dd nan trung binfa nude rudng dgt gfa tri eao nfait sau in rira thii nhit (6,88 mS/em) vi giam manh sau lin

"•iliia cudi (khoang 3,4 mS/cm) vi ciing fa tfadi didm ijg^l^eo sg. Sau tfadi didm gieo sa, dp man tidp tuc giim tn3,'a dat gii tii tfaip nfaat d 2,36 mS/em vi gia ting trd gDIg ai d 3,55 mS/em tgi tfadi didm de nhinh ticb cue (38 I'^H^giy sau khi sa). Sau giai doan niy, dd min ed

ggjj^uynb hudng giam nh^ trudc kfai gfa ting frd Igi va IJ fat gfa tri 3,59 mS/cm liic tfau faogcfa gidng ngin i„,igiy vi cd kfauynh hudng tidp tyc gia tang sau dd.

,^,iiai doan cudi vu di kdt tfaiic mua, muc nude fren udng thip, bde boi nhidu da lim cho dp nfan nude udng gia ting frd Igi. Tuy nhien vdi df min bidn '"™Hdng frong khoang niy thi khdng anh hudng ddn 'Wsiang suit Ilia O^Iguyen Tbi Lang et al., 2010; Nguydn 5'fcTii Lang vi ctv. 2015).

-•n»iD6i«:oi:-:oi3 HHiiuDMeioi.'-Mij

«« 3.2.2. Dp man cda dit (ECe)

^21 Trong vu fliu ddng 2012-2013 df min dung djeh

^jjj'at trude khi nia man dgt 10,91 mS/cm vi sau kfai ij.yiia dgt 10,03 mS/cm (Hmfa 4). Nfau viy, sau khi nia igji p min tmng binh ciia dung djeh dit giam khoing

«;iiijt,88 mS/cm. Tuy nliifn, sy giim df man frong dit ECoiiau khi nia la kfadng ding kd. Kd tir tfadi didm sau ilMfliia, df min dit giim thip nhit d giai dogn dd nhinh ch cyc (9,6 mS/em), diy li mdt frong nhiing thdi idm quan frpng eiia eiy Iiia. Sau dd, dp man cd xu lUdng gia tang frd fai d giai ddgn sau vi dgt gii hi

•ung binh 11,4 mS/cm liic thu faogcfa.

Kdt qui ngfaien ciiu cho thay df min frong dit iia vy thu ddng 2013-2014 ciing cd xu hudng tuong '^ f. Dd min trung binh ciia dung dich dit trudc khi 'ua min d ngudng 12,67 mS/cm vi sau khi nia min

— gt 11,17 mS/cm (giam 0,64 mS/cm) (Hinh 4). Kd to -—ldi didm sau nia (sg), dd min trung binh eiia dung _^ ich dit giim dang kd vi dgt gii hi thip nhit liic ciy

,. ia frd bdng (8,4 mS/em) vi cd xu hudng gfa tang ing kd trd lai d giai dogn sau vi dgt gii tri khoang ,](0,4 mS/cm d thdi didm thu hogch. 6 DBSCL, cfaua d nhidu nghien dm vd inh hudng cua df min cua it len ning suit liia. Tuy nhien, nghien eiiu cifa

^ e r m a vi Neue (1984) cbo fliiy khi df min (ECe) M ua dit dgt 7,8 mS/cm chua inh hudng ddn sinh

hdi vi ning suit liia eiia gidng liia chju nfan.

Dk%ii Smnia Dentunh Tiobdng Ttalioadi Hinfa 4. Df m ^ tnmg binfa dia dung djcfa dit tgi cic

flidi didm kfaic nhau dia vv fliu ddng 2012-2013 vi fliu ddng 2013-2014

3.3. D$c tinfa ndng fapc 3.3.1. Thdi gian sinh trudng

Tfadi gian sinfa trudng cua cic gidng liia ngin ngiy dao ddng to 94 ddn 95 ngiy, trong kfai thdi gian sinh tnidng cua gidng liia Mpt Byi Dd dao ddng to 117 ddn 128 ngay. Nbu vgy, canh fac gidng liia ngin ngiy ed tbd nit ngin 22-33 ngiy so vdi gidng liia miia dii ngiy (Mdt Bui Dd). Kdt qua niy cbo thiy, ndu tbay tfad gidng liia Mdt Byi Dd bdi gidng liia ngin ngiy cd tbd nit ngin dupe rit nbidu thdi gian canh fac lua, qua dd cd tfad tang dupe tfadi gian chuin bi dit cbo vu tdm tidp theo.

3.3.2. Cac yiu to cau thanh nang suit Trong vu Thu Ddng 2012-2013, sd bdng/m^ cua gidng Ilia Mdt Byi Dd dgt trung binfa 416 bdng/ml cao faon gidng OM4900 (337 bdng/m=). Tuong to, ty le hgt chic ciia gidng lua Mdt Bui Dd (77,3%) cOng cao hom gidng OM4900 (73,7%). Tuy nhien, su khic bift niy kbdng ed y nghfa thdng ke. Ngupc Igi, tdng sd hgt/bdng eua gidng OM4900 (85 bgt/bdng) cao hon va khic bift y nghfa (p<0,05) so vdi gidng Mdt Bui Dd (55 hgt/bdng). Tuong to, sd hat chic/bdng vi khdi lupng 1000 bgt cifa gidng OM4900 cao hon va khic bift cd y nghfa (p<0,05) so vdi gidng Mft Byi Dd (62 vi 43 hgt/bdng vi 23,4 vi 24,1 g hiong iing).

Didu niy cbo thiy, mic dii gidng OM4900 cd tdng sd bdng/m' thip hon gidng Mdt Byi Dd nhung gidng OM4900 cd tdng sd bat, sd hgt chic cung nhu kbdi lupng 1000 hat cao hon. Didu nay dSn ddn ning suit ly fliuydt ciia gidng lua OM4900 (4,9 tin/ha) eao bon gidng Mpt Byi Dd (3,8 tin/ha) mic dii sy khic bift Ii kfadng cd y ngfaia tfadng ke (Hinh 5).

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lOnh 5. Thinh phin ning suit cic gidng hia ciia flii nghifm tgi Pfaudc Long, Bgclidu, VV fliu ddng 2012-2013.

CThanfa diing: df Ifch chu&i; cic flianh cd k^ tv flieo sau gidng nhau flii kfadng kfaic bift flidng ke d mfc^

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Trong vu fliu ddng 2013-2014, gidng lua OM10252 cd sd bbag/n^ cao nfait (393 bdng) vi kfaic bift cd y ngbia (p<0,05) so vdi faai gidng liia cdn fai fa OM4900 (317 bdng) vi Mft Byi Dd (284 bdng).

Tuy nfaien, kfadng cd su khic bift ed y nglifa d kfadi lupng 1000 fagt vi sd faat cfaic/bdng. Trong dd, kfadi hipng 1000 bat frung binh dao ddng to 25,1 g (OM10252) ddn 25,8 g (OM4900); sd bat chic/bdng tinmg binfa dgt cao nfait d gidng Mpt Bui Dd (56,8 hat), tidp fliep fa OM4900 (54,2 hat) va fli^ nfaat fa OM10252 (50,9 hgt). Ty If hgt chic cung khdng khac bift giiia cic n ^ f m tfaiie mic du gidng Mpt Byi Dd cd ty If fagt chic (56,8%) cao faon faai gidng lua ngin ngiy OM4900 (54,1%) vi OM10252 (50,9%) (Hinfa 6).

Ning suit Iiia ly tfauydt cao nhit dat dupe d gidng hfa OM10252 (5,04 tan/ha) kfaic bift cd y ngfafa tfadng ke (p<0,05) so vdi gidng Mdt Byi Dd cd nang suit tfai^ nfait (4,15 tin/faa). Khdng ed kfaic biet flidng ke ve ning suit giira gidng OM4900 (4,37 tin/faa) va gidng Mpt Byi Dd. Tuong to, kfadng cd su kfaic faiet y ngfafa flidng ke giiia ning suit gidng OM10252 va OM4900 (Hinh 6).

3.3.3. Sinh khoi vi nang suat Ida thtrc ti a) Sinh kbii cay

Trong vy thy ddng 2013-2014, sinh khdi rom liic tfau faoach eua gidng Mdt Bui Dd dat cao nhit (7,12 tin/faa) va khic bift cd nghia thdng ke (p<0,05) so vdi sinh khdi cua hai gidng lua cdn Igi fa OM10252 (6,19 tin/ha) vi OM4900 (5,49 tin/ha) (Hinh 8).

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Hinh 7. Sinfa Ididi ciy hia liic fliu faogcfa dia flii ngfaifm vy tfau ddng 201*^2014 tgi Phude Long, Bgc Lifu (Cic fafp cd cic k^ tv flieo sau khic nhau tfad faifn sv kfaic bift cd ^ nghfa flidng ke d miic 5% bdi kidm djnfa t-

TesL Tfaanfa ngang miu dim ciia famfa hfp flid faifn sd tnmg vj ciia stf lifu (Nguydn Van Tiiin, 2019) b) Nang suit thuc ti

Trong vy fliu ddng 2012-2013 ning suit fliuc td aia gidng liia OM4900 dgt dupe fa 4,93 tin/faa cao faon cd y ngfafa so vdi gidng lua Mpt Byi Dd fa 3,35 tin/ha (Hinh 8). Trong khi dd frong vu tfau ddng 2013-2014 till gidng Iiia OM10252 cfao ning suit cao nfait (4,82 tin/faa) vi kfaic bift cd y ngfaia tfadng ke (p<0,05) so vdi ifang suit eiia faai gidng cdn fai fa

OM4900 (4,03 tin/faa) vi Mft Byi Dd (3,87 tin/faa).

Kdt qua ngfaidn aiu pfaii hpp vdi nghien cuu ciia Nguydn Thj Lang va ctv (2015) ttiuc hifn frong vu thu ddng 2012 tai Phude Long, Bgc Lifu vdi ning suit Ilia OM4900 dgt 4,33 tin/ha vi OM10252 dgt 5,0 tin/ha. Nhm chung, kdt qua nghien ciiu cho thiy, nfae dil gidng Mdt Byi Dd cho sinh khdi cao hon hai gidng ngin ngay nhung cbi sd thu hogch thip hon.

N 6 N G NGHllP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 9/2016 41

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Hinh & Ning suit Ma flivc t£ dia flti n ^ f m vy tfau ddng 2012-2013 (bfn toiO vi fliu ddng 201^2014 (ben phiO tgi Phude Long, Bgc ueu (Cic fafp cd cic k^ to flieo sau kfaic nhau fli^ hifn sv kfaic bift cd ^ nghfa flidng kf d nnic 5% bdi kidm dinh t-TesL Thanfa ngang miu dim ciia famfa hfp flid faifn s6 frung vj ciia sd lifa

(Nguydn Vin Tiiin, 2015))

4.RfTUKN

- Canfa tie gidng Iiia ngin ngiy cd thd nit ngin flidi gian canh fac ddn 22-33 ngiy so vdi gidng Iiia dii ngiy (Mdt Byi Dd).

- Ning suit dgt dupe to cic gidng lua ngin ngiy (OM 10252 vi OM4900) cao hon gidng liia dii ngiy (Mft Byi Dd), frong dd gidng liia OM4900 cd ning suit frung binh dao ddng to 4,03 ddn 4,93 tin/ha, gidng OM 10252 cho nang suit frung binh 4,82 tin/faa vi fliip nhit fa Mft Byi Dd vdi nang suit frung binh dao dfng to 3,35 ddn 3,87 tin/ha.

Gidng lua ngin ngiy cd khi ning fliay flid gidng Ilia dii ngiy frong hf flidng liia^tdm dd ning suit eao, tiiich nghi tdt, tiidi gian canh fac ngin, nen cd ttidi gian chuin bj dit cfao vy tdm tidp theo.

Ldi cim on

Nghidn cdu dupe tiipc hifn bong khudn khi dp an CLUES (Biin dii khih$u inh hudng din su dung dit d ding bang sdng Cuu Long: Su tiuch ung aia dc hf tiling canh tac tifn nin dit hia). Nhdm nghifn cuu chin tiianh cim on Trung tam Ndng nghifp Quic ti lie (ACIAR) da tai tip cho nghifn cuu niy.

TiUutUTIUMnUO

L Phan Minh Quang (2009). Nhiing tiiuin Ipi khd khan vi bii fapc Idnfa ngfaifm sin xuit liia^dm imfa Bgc ueu. Difn dan khuyin ndng @ cdng nghf fan tiiu 7-2009. Nfai xuit bin Ndng mrhieD TP HA Cfai Minfa, fr. 173-179. » « w, ir. HO

42

2. Sd Khoa hpc vi Cdng nghf Bgc Ufu, 2015.

Tidm nang vi hifu qui kmh td bdn viing ciia md hinh canh fac tdm - lua tgi Bgc Lifu.

http://skhcn.baclieu.gov.vn.

3. Nguydn Thj Lang, Biii Thanh Uem, Vd TTij Tri My, Chiu Thanh Nhi, Bui Chi Buu, Russefl Reinke, Abdelbagi Ismail, Reiner Wassmann, 2012.

Chpn lpc cic gidng Iiia tfaicfa iing vdi viing bidn d6i kfai faiu ngip min tgi ddng bing sdng Cihi Long. T?p cfai Ndng nghifp vi Phit hidn Ndng flidn. Chuyto dd: Gidng, Ciy frdng, Vit nudi. Trang 5-10.

4. Nguyen Thi Lang, Bui Chi Buu and Ismail A M., 2011. Enhancing and stobilizmg the productivity of salt- affected areas by incorporating genes for tolerance of abiotic sfresses m rice. Omonrice, voL 18, pages: 4149.

5. Nguydn Thi Lang, R. RusseU, Abdelbagi M.

Ismail, Nguydn Vin Hidu, Biii Phude Tim, Phgm Thj Thu Hi, Nguydn Hoing Thii Bmh, Phgm Cdng TVii, Tran Thi Nhien, Nguydn Trpng Phiic, Bill Chi Biiu vi Reiner Wassmann, 2015. Chpn gidng Iiia ngip vi min phyc vy ddng bing sdng Cim Ipng. Nhi Xuit bin Ndng nghifp.

6. Verma, T. S. and Neue, H. U., 1984. Effect of soil salinity level and zinc appUcation on growth, yield, and nufrient composition of rice.

Plant and Soil, volume 82,JaaueJ. pp 3-14.

7. Nguydn Thanh Tudng, 2013. Chpn gidng to vi ky fliuit canh tic lua cbo md fainfa liia-tdm b dnh Bgc Ufu. Ufan in tidn si. Tnidng Dgi fapc Cin Tho.

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8. Rao, P. S. Misbra, B., Gupta, S. R, and and sodoeeonomic issues. ACIAR Technical Reports Rathore. A, 2008. Reproductive stage tolerance to No. 52e, 170 p.

saUnity and alkalinity stresses in rice genotypes. 12. Joseph, V., 2015. Strengthening Rice-Shrimp Plant Breedmg. Vahime 127, I^^J, pages 256-^1. Fanning Practices Stimufates Sustainability Amidst a

9. Khan,A.H.,Smgh,A.K,Mubeen,Singh,S., Changmg CBmate in tiie Mekong Delta.

Zaidi, N. W., Singh, MS,., and Haefele, S. M., 2014. fattp://mekongarcc.net/news.

Response of salt-hilerant rice varieties h) biocompost 13. Katie, P., 2011. The unpacts of clunate application m sodic soil of Eastern Uttar Pradesb. change on the Mekong Delta. ICE case stody.

American journal of Plant Sdence, voL 5, pages 7-13. hap://wwwl.american.pdii/ted/ICE/mekong- 10. Brennan, D., N. Preston, H. Cfayton and T.T. migration.btnil

Be, 2002. An evaluation of Rice-Shrimp Farmmg 14. Hoanh, C. T., Smakhtin, V., and Johnston, R., Systems in the Mekong Delta. Report prepared 2016. CUmate change and agricultural water under the World Bank, NACA, WWF and FAO management m developmg countries. CABI clunate Consortium Program on Shrimp Farming and the change series. International Water Mangement Envfronment Workin Progress for Public Institote (IWMl), Colombo, SriLanka.

Discussion. Published by tfae Consortium. 10 pages. 15. Nguydn Vin Tuin, 2015. Pfain tich dit hf u 11. N. Presbm & H. Cfayton (eds) 2003. Rice- vdi R. Nhi xuat bin Tdng bpp Thinb phd H6 Chi shrimp farming in tbe Mekong Delta: biophysical Minh. Trang 107-112.

FEASBILnY OF SHORT-DURATION RICE VARIETY CULTIVATION IN RICBSHRIMP FARMING SYSTEM AT BAC UEU

Nguyen Van Qui, Cliau Mmh Khoi, Nguyen Mmfa Dong, Tran Huynfa Kfaanfa, Bennett Macdonald, To Phuc Tuong

Summary

The research was undertaken in the region of rice-shrimp farming at Phuoc Thanh village, Phuoc Long commune, Phuoc Long district, Bac Ueu province. The aim of the work was to evaluate the capacity of repUcing long-duration rice variety with short-duration and high yielding rice varieties. The field experiments were carried out in 2012-2013 Autumn-Winter season and 2013-2014 Autumn-Winter season.

Two freatments of rice varieties were grown in 2012-2013 season (Mot Bui Do and OM4900) and three freatments of rice varieties in 2013-2014 season (Mot Bui Do, OM10252 and OM4900). Of which, Mot Bui Do is a traditional, long-duration, salt tolerant variety and is commonly cultivated in rice-shrimp cropping system. The experiements were laid out in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications.

Measurements taken included soil and water chemical properties, rice grain yield and plant biomass, and rice yield components. In addition, information on rice farming status in rice-shrimp systems was surveyed through mterviewing 30 households in the communes which have rice-shrimp farming in Phuoc Long district The results showed that the yields of OM4900 varied between 4.03 ton/ha and 4.93 ton/ha. Whilst the mean yield obtained from OM10252 was 4.82 ton/ha. Fmally, Mot Bui Do provided lowest yields which varied between 3.35 ton/ha and 3.87 ton/ha. Cultivation of short-duration rice varieties could reduce the crop duration by 33 days compared with long-duration rice varieties. The survey results indicated that short- duration rice varieties could replace long-duration rice varieties in the rice-shrimp farming systems because they provided h i ^ yields, adapted well to the environment In addition, the short duration means that farmers could avoid the risk of shortened rainy season and have lime to prepare their fields well for the following shrimp season.

Keywords: Bac Ueu, salt tolerance rice variety, rice-shrimp, short-duration rice.

Ngudi phin bifn: TS. Phgm Thj Miii Ngiy nfain bii: 10/3/2016

Ngiy flidng qua pfain bifn: 11/4/2016 J Ngiy duyft ding: 19/4/2016

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