KHOA HOC CONG N G H l
IMGHiEIV CLIU A l V H H U O I V G CLIA T H O I V U GIEO H A T DEIM SIIVH TRLIOIXIG, M A M G 5LJAT, C H A T LLTQMG DUOC L I E U V A C H A T L U O M G H A T GIOMG H O A M G C A M
{ScuteNaria baicalensis Georgi)
M H A P MOI TROMG TAI SA PA - LAO CAI
Nghiem Tidn Chung', LuongThi Hoan\ Trinh Minh VQ', Vu Thi Thu Hi^n^ Ddo Vdn Nui\ Hodng "Ilniy Nga', Nhtr Thu Nga\ Biu Thi Anh^
T(^MTAT
Gidng Hodng cam {Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi) nhap noi tu Trung Qudc dirpc Uong tai Sa Pa - I-ao Cai v6i myc dich sir dung rk, cu de lam thuoc dieu tri benh nhir sdt cao keo dai. cam mao. phe nhiet, ho, ly. dai nhat, ung nhpt. non ra mau, chay mau cam, tieu chay ra mau... Thi nghiem danh gia anh huong cua thoi vy gieo h?t 0)ao gom 4 cong tinic Uioi vu: TVl -15/11. TV2 - 15/12. TV3 -15/01. TV4 - 15/02) tm sinh truong.
nSng suat. chat luong dugc Ii^u va chat Iuong hat gidng Hoang cam dime bd tri tiieo phirong pbAp khdi ngau nhidn hoan loan voi ba ldn nhdc lai. Ket qua nghien cuu cho thay. tiioi vu gieo hgt anh huong den ty 1^
nay mam. khdi lugng 1.000 hat cua giong Hoang cam. Ty le nay mam. khdi lugng 1.000 hgt co xu huong tang tai cac cong thirc co thdi gian sinh trudng keo dai. Thoi vu cung co anh huong den nang suat vA chat Itrgmg dirge li^u Hoang cam, ket qua nghien cmi cho th^y thoi vu 1 gieo ngay 15/11 co nang sual va cac yeu te ciiu thanh nang suat dat tdt nhat chieu dai cu 28,6 cm. duong kinh cii 1.18 cm, khdi Itrgmg cu 13,74 g.
nang suat ly Uiuy^t 3.43 tan/ha. nang suat Ihuc thu 2.10 tan/ha. ham lugng hogl chat baicalin 15.3% luong duong 321.759 kg baicalin/ha. Cong thiic 4 thai vu 4 gieo ngay 15/02 chi dat chieu dai cii 17,7 cm. du^g kinh cu 0,75 cm. khdi luong cii 6,33 g, nang suat ly thuyet 1,59 tan/ha, nang suiil thuc thu 0,80 tan/ha, ham lugng boat chat baicalin 7,8% tuong duong 62.556 kg baica!in/ha. Tat ca cac chi ueu deu co sg sai kbac co y nghia b miic Un cgy 95% giua TVl va TV4.
Tir khda: Hoang cam, thoi vu. Lio Cai
I.BATVAltBi ^^"^ ti-uyen nhidm. uc che su tSng sinh te bdo T (98%) va tao ra interleukin Ip, interleukin 6, U^u didt Cay Hodng cdm Id mot cdy tiiudc quy, bg phdn ^^.^ ^_ ^^^^^.^ ^ . ^ ^ ^ ^^^^ ^.^ (^,pj .^^^ ^ , p ^p^
su dung Id re cu, dimg de chtra sdt cao keo ddi, cam ^^^ ^^^ ^ ^ ^ ^^^.^^ ^ ^-^ ^^^^^ ^ . ^ ^ j ^ mao, ph^ nhiet, ho, ly, dai nhdt, ung nhot, non ra
mau, chay mau caiu, tieu chay ra mau, bang huyet, vang da, dong thai (!]... Theo y hgc hien dai, hoat
Tam (2012) [7], tai Benh vien Y hgc co truyen Trang ircmg, m6i nam su dung tren 100 tan dugc lifeu d^ che bien va san xuzit thuoc y hpc cd truydn. Hoang cam chat baicalin va baicalein co trong re Hoang cam co ^^^^ ^^^^^ ^ .^^^^ ^^^^_ ^ , yi^j ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^^^
tic dung giam hoat d6ng. tieu diet virus HIV, co the ^ ^ ^000 da di thuc tr6ng Hoang c4m 6 cac trai CO hoal dong chong ung thu [2], ifc che su tang sinh ^j^^^^^ g^ p^ .j.^ g^^ ^j ,^j ^ j , ^^^ ^^^^ ,^^^
cua cac te bao ung thu tuyfo tien het [31, cac chat j ^ ^ ^ ^.^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^^^ l^.j ^^j j ^ ^ ^^.^.^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^
Davonoid dugc chift xurit tir cay Hoang cam trong do _,^. ^ ^ ^ ^^^ ^^.^ ^^^ ^^ ^g,^ ^ j , ^ ^ p ^ j , ^^^
CO baicaUn co tac dung loai bo cac goc tu do t^ong trot, vi vay chua co nghien ciiu khoa hpc chinh (hydroxyl, gdc DPPH, gdc alkyl) va chdng oxy hoa ^.^^^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^ ^ ^ ^^^^,1^ y^_ ^^^• ^.j^ „^y ^^^^
14], chdng viem |5J, cd tac dung trong dieu tri cac j j j ^ y^.^ u , ! hau thd nhuong lai Viet Nam.
Voi mong mudn md rdng dien tich Irdng va san I ., _ xu^t dugc lieu Hoang cdm nham chu dpng dap ung - H « , ° 7 N 6 ' M nghiep Vie, Nam <'"'^' " " " ^^" ^" ''"ng trong nuoc ngoai vi?c cd 'Tnidng Cao dang Stm La ngudn gidng tdi. cd tiem nang nang sual cao va on Email: [email protected]
U A M ^ Ki/^uicD VA PHAT TRIEN N O N G THON - KY 1 - THANG 9/2019 •''*
KHOA HOC C 6 N G N G H £
dmh can phdi cd them nhieu nghien cuu hoan thien quy tnnh canh tdc Hoang cdm thuong pham. Cu the, nghien ctm nay d4 cdp ddn ket qua anh huong cua ydu td thdi vu ddn kha nang smh trudng, ndng sudt va chat luong dugc lieu, chat lugng hat gidng Hodng cdm nhap ngi trdng tai Sa Pa - Lao Cai.
2 . VJ(T UHI, n u DUN& VN PHUONG PHAP NGHBI CUU 2.1. Vdt lidu nghien cuu
Gidng Hoang cam {Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi) HC.050912 dupe nhap noi tir Trung Qudc nam 2013.
2.2. Ndi dung nghidn cuu
Nghi&n cuu ddnh gid anh hudng ciia tiidi vu gieo hat tdi sinh tnrdng, nang suat. chdt lugng dugc lieu vd chat lugng hat gidng Hoang cam tai Sa Pa, tinh Lao Cai.
2.3. Phuong phdp nghifin cuu
2.:il. Didi gian va dia dieni:T\\\ nghiem dugc tidn hanh tai Sa Pa - Lao Cai tir 11/2017 den 10/2018.
2.3.2. Bd tri thi nghidm: Thi nghi?m du^ic bd tn theo phuong phdp khdi ngdu nhien hoan chinh v6i 3 ldn nhac lgi. 4 cdng thuc thdi vu- TVl gieo ngdy 15/11; TV2 gieo ngdy 15/12; T\^3 gieo ngdy 15/01;
TV4 gieo ngay 15/02. So d thi nghiem: 4 (CT) x 3 (NL) = 12 d. Dien tich d thi nghiem la 10 m-', tdng dien tich 120 nr'.
Thi nghidm dugc tiiuc hidn tren loai dat thit nhe, nhieu miin, toi xdp. tdng canh tac sau 30 - 40 cm.
thoai nude tdt. Dat ti'dng cdn dam bdo sach benh, khdng cd cd dai va thuan tien cho viec tudi tidu.
Ndn phdn chudng hoai muc (20 tdn) + 150 kg N + 100 kg P,0^ + 100 kg K ,0 (tuoTig ling 326 kg ure + 667 kg super ldn + 167 kg kaliclorua).
Ky thuat bon phan. cham sdc
- Bdn lot: Bdn todn bg phdn chudng va phdn Idn.
hdn hgp phdn phai dtroc trdn ddu vdi nhau va trdn ciing voi dat khi cho vao rach sau dd phii 1 ldp dat len. hoac rai ddu tren mat ludng neu khdng gieo theo rach de trdnh hat gidng tiep giap vdi phdn bdn.
- Bon thuc kel hgp vdi cham sdc Idm cd:
+ Dgt 1: Sau khi trdng 1 - 2 thdng bdn thtic 1/4 hrong dam ure.
+ Dgt 2: Sau khi tidng 3 - 4 tiiang bdn tinic 1/4 lugng dam ure.
+ Dgt 3: Sau khi trdng 5 - 6 tiidng bon 1/4 lu^ng dam ure vd 1/2 lugng kali.
+ Dgt 4: Sau khi ti-dng 7 - 8 tiiang bdn 1/4 lugng dam ure vd 1/2 Itrgng kali cdn Iai.
Chii y: Bdn cdch gdc 5 - 1 0 cm. tranh de phdn tiep xuc true tiep vdo Id, sau kin bdn turn nuoc vua cd tac dung giu dm cho dat vira de cdy dd hdp thu phdn bdn.
2.3.3. Phuong phap xdly sdlieu: So heu duoc xit ly bang phdn mem Excel, phdn mdm thdng kd IRRISTAT 5.0.
2.3.4. Cac cbi tieu theo ddi:
Chi tieu sinh trudng va phat trien: Thdi gian qua cdc giai doan sinh trudng cua cay:
- Thdi gian tir gieo ddn khi ra nu (ngdy): Tir klii gieo den khi co 50% cay ra nu.
- Thdi gian tir gieo den khi ra hoa (ngdy): Tir khi gieo den khi cd 50% cay ra hoa.
- Thdi gian tir khi gieo ddn khi hoa rd (ngay): Tir khi gieo ddn khi cd 80% cdy ra hoa.
- Thdi gian tir gieo den dau qua (ngay): Til' khi gieo den khi cd 50% cdy dau qua.
- Tlidi gian tir gieo den qua chin (ngay): Tir khi gieo den khi cd 50% cdy qua chin.
- Tlidi gian tir gieo ddn thu hoach cti (ngdy): Tir khi gieo ddn khi tiiu hoach toan bd sd cu.
- Ty le nay mam (%) = (sd hat nay mam/tdng sd hatgieo)xlOO.
Cac chi tidu sinh tmdng:
• Chieu cao cay (cm): Do tir vi tri sat mat dat ddn dinh vuot la cao nhat.
- So canh cap 1/cdy: Tong sd canh cap 1 ti'dn than chinh.
- Dudng kinh tan (cm): Do tai hai diem cheo gdc uen tan, tinh gid tri trung buih.
- Dudng kinh than (cm), khoi luong 1 000 hat (g)-
Thanb phin sau benh bar. Didu tra thanh phdn sau benh hai va muc do ph6 bidn duoc tidn hdnh tiieo Quy chuan ky tiiuat Qudc gia QcvN 01 38:2010/BNNFrNT ve phuong phdp dieu tra phdi hien dich hai cay trong do Bd Nong ,;'^hiep ^^ p. . trien ndngtiion ban hanh.
30 N O N G NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THA n^
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Cbi tidu ning suat va cac ydu td cau tiianh nang sua^.-Chidu dai cu (cm); dudng kinh cu (cm); khdi lugng cii/cay fe); nang suat ly thuyet (ta/ha); nang sudt tiiuc tiiu (ta/ha).
Danh gia chat li^ng dime lidu. Dinh lugng ham lugng boat chat baicalin (%) trong cdc cdng thuc thdi vu tiieo phuong phap HPLC (Pham Ludn, 1987).
ILKETQUANQIByCUU
3.1. Anh hudng ciia thdi vu gieo Imt d & thdi gian sinh trudng qua cdc giai doan ciia gidng Hodng
Bdng 1. Anh hudng ciia thdi vy gieo hat d^n thdi gian
Thdi gian sinh tnrdng cua cay Hoang cam co y nghia quan trgng trong viec bd tii co cau thdi vu. Id dieu kien cdn thiet dd giai quyet van de tiidni canh tang vg, xay dung che do ludn canh hgp ly nhdm ndng cao hieu qua sir dung dat. Viec bd tri tiioi vu hgp ly tao didu kien thuan Im nhdt cho cdy trdng sinh tnrdng vd phdt tiien. dSc biet cd y nghia ddi vdi cdy dugc Ueu. Le Quang Huynh va cdng su cho rdng, da sd cac cdy khi thu hoach can thdi tiet ndng rao dd tien thu hoach vd phoi khd dugc Udu, giam cdng chi phi. dam bao pham chat dugc Udu (Ld Quang Huynh.
1982) [8], Ket qua nghidn ciiu dugc tdng hgp vdo bang 1.
sinh tnrong qua cdc giai do^n ciia gidng Hodng cdm Dan vi Unb: Ngiiy Cdng
thlic TVl TV2 TV3 TV4
Thdi gian tir gieo den khi
ranu 213 165 148 108
Thd] gian tu gieo den khi rahoa
227 176 158 122
Thdi gian tir gieo den khi hoard
240 185 169 133
Thdi gian tir gieo ddn dau
qua 251 196 178 142
Thdi gian tu gieo den qua
chin 275 214 195 161
Thdi gian tir gieo ddn thu hogch cii
295 232 221 186 Bdng 1 cho thay, cdc cdng thuc thoi vu khac
nhau cd su sai khac ro rdt ve thdi gian tir gieo hat d^n klii thu hoach ctia gidng Hodng cam, dao ddng tir 186 - 295 ngay. Cu tiid, tai thdi vu 1 cd thoi gian tir gieo ddn khi thu hoach cu keo dai nhat la 295 ngay, chenh lech rat ldn so vdi cdc cong thuc thdi vu khac, dai hon 63 ngay so vdi TV2 (232 ngay), 74 ngdy so vdi TV3 (221 ngay), 109 ngdy so vdi TV4.
Thdi gian tir gieo ddn khi ra hoa dao dong tir 122 - 227 ngay, thdi gian tir gieo ddn khi hoa ro dao ddng tir 133 - 240 ngay, thdi gian tir gieo den klii dau qua dao dgng tir 142 - 251 ngay, thdi gian tii gieo ddn klu qua chin dao ddng tu 161 - 275 ngay.
Nhin chung, thdi vu cd anh hudng rdt ldn ddn thdi gian sinh tnrdng qua cac giai doan cua gidng Hodng cam, TVl cd thdi gian sinh tnrdng dai nhat cd tiem nang cho nang suat cao nhat, vi thdi gian sinh trudng cang lau, khd nang ti'ch liiy hgp chat hOtu co cdng nhieu.
3.2. Anh huong cua thdi vu ddn cdc chi tifiu sinh trudng ciia gidng Hodng cdm
Dac diem hinh thdi la chi tieu quan trgng dd danh gia tac dong cua mdi truimg den kieu hinh ciia cac gidng d cay trdng ndi chung va d cay Hodng cam noi rieng. Trong nghien cim nay, cdc chi tieu cua cdy Hoang cdm dugc ddnh gid va tiieo doi tai bang 2.
Bang 2. Anh hudng ciia thdi vu ddn mgt sd tinh trang cua gidng Hodng cdm Ten cdng
thijrc TVl TV2 TV3 TV4
Chieu cao cay cudi ciing (cm)
62.3+8.34 51,6+7,31 42.7+6,44 44.5+6,45
Sd canh cap 1/cay I4+2.I 10+1,5 5.5±0.7 7.4±1.2
Dudng kinh tan (cm) 77.47±8.60 63.20±6.30 55.47+6.80 61.53+5.20
Dudng kinh than (cm) 1.1+fl.l 0,8+0.1 0.7+0.1 0.9+0.12
Sd lugng hoa 260+29,90 240+27,36 187+21,88 218+26,81
Dd cung cay Cling Cling Trung binh Trung binh Cac chi tieu ve chidu cao cay cudi ciing, dudng
kinh thdn, dudng kinh tdn, sd lugng hoa, sd canh cdp 1/cay cd xu hudng giam dan khi gieo lai cac tiidi vu CO nen nhiet do thap (cao nhat tai TVl. thap nhdt tai
TVS) va tdng dan tai TV4 khi cd nen nhi^t tdng cao hon. Cu the. chidu cao cay dao ddng tir 42.7 - 62.3 cm. so canh cap 1/cdy dao dgng 5,5 - 14 nhanh.
dudng kinh ldn dao ddng 55,47 - 77,47 cm. duong
t^r^hic, WftHiFP VA PHAT TRIEN N O N G THON - KY 1 - THANG 9/2019 51
KHOA HOC C 6 N G N G H £
kinh than dao ddng 0,7 -1,1 cm. sd lugng hoa dao dong 187-260 hoa.
Do Cling ciia cdy chiu anh hudng ciia thdi vu. vi Ihdi vu dnh hudng true tiep ddn thdi gian sinh
trudng. Tai cdc cong tinic TVl, T\'2 cdy cd tiioi gian sinh trudtig ddi nen dg ciing cdy cao. tai '••i*^ '•"'•'"K tiiuc TVS, TV4 tiidi gian sinh hordng ngan hon nen dd cung cay gidm a miic trung binh.
Hinh 1. Mdt sd hinh dnh vd cdy Hodng cdm trong thi nghidm (A) hoa; (B) tiian; (C) cay khi rahoa 3.3. Anh hudng cua thdi v\t tdi chdt lugng h$t
gidng Hodng cdm
Hat sau khi thu hoach tir cac thdi vy kliac nhau dugc bdo quan trong kho Ignh sau do ddnh gid chat lugng hat. Kdt qua ddnh gia dtrgc tidn hanh trong phong thi nghidm vd dugc tdng hgp vdo bdng 3.
Bang 3. Anh hudng ciia thdi vy tdi chdt lugng h^t giong Hoang cdm
Cdng thlic
TVl TV2 T\'3 T\'4 CV(%) LSI),,,
Thdi gian tu .gieo ddn nay mam (ngay)
3 3 3 3
'ITioi gian tu 1.,,, ,. , Khdi gieo den | lupng ket thuc "^'' 1.000
mam , . . nay mam ! ,^. , hat (ngay) ™ (g)
11 ! S3 l.,S20 10 77 1.403 10 74 ' 1.371 11 ' 72 ' 1.332
' ' • ' " •''•'•'
K.«7 ft**'
; 1 — Chi tieu thdi gian tir gieo den nay mam, thoi gian tir gieo den kdt thuc nay mdm, do am hat khdng chiu anh huung cua ydu td thdi vu. Cu the thoi gian tu gico den nay mam tai cac cdng thiic la nhu nhau (3 ngay). thdi gian tii gieo den kdt thiic nay mim dao dpng tir 10 - 11 ngay. thdi gian tir gieo ddn ket Ihuc nay mam dai nhat tai cdng thuc TVl va T^'4 (11
ngay), ngSn nhat tai cdng thiic TV2 va TVS (10 ngay).
Chi Ueu ty le nay mam chiu anh hudng cua ydu td thdi vu, ty le nay mam dao dgng tir 72 - 83%, cd su chenh lech giua cac cdng thiic nhung khdng cd y nghia Ihdng ke. Ty Id nay mam cd xu hudng tang dan tai cac cdng thlic cd thdi gian sinh trudng keo dai, cti the tai TVl cd ty le nay mam dat cao nhat (83%), giam dan tdi TV2 (77%), TV3 (74%), thap nhat tai cdng thlic cd thdi gian sinh trucmg ngan nhat la TV4 (72%).
Chi tidu khdi luong 1.000 hat chiu anh hudng kha ro ciia yen td thdi vu, khdi lupng 1.000 hat dao ddng tir 1,332 - 1,520 g. Khdi lupng 1.000 hat cd xu hudng tang dan tai cac cdng thiic cd thdi gian sinh trudng keo dai, cu the tai TVl cd khdi lupng 1.000 hat dat cao nhat (1,520 g), giam dan tdi TV2 (1,403 g), TVS (1,371 g), thap nhat tai cdng thiic cd Uidi gian sinh trudng ngan nhat la TV4 (1,332 g). Cd su sai khac cd y nghia thdng ke giiia cong thirc TVl vdi cac cdng thuc cdn lai, giiia TV2 va TV4. Tuy nhidn khdng cd su sai khac giiia cdng thiic TV2 va TVS, TV3 va TV4. So vdi nghien ciiu cua Chen et al (2002) 19] ve chat lupng hat gidng cua Hoang cam p mdt sd vung sinh thai khac nhau tai Trung Qudc cho khdi lupng nghin hat la 2.2 g va ty Id nay mam tren 90%, hat Hoang cam thu dupe lai cac cdng thuc thdi vu cd ty Id nay mam va khdi lupng 1.000 hat thap hpn Tuy nhien, su chenh lech nay co the do su khac nhau vd ngudn hat gidng ban dau, dieu kien thi
cham sdc. '" Odt, dat dai.
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 9/20]9
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tugng gay hai chu yeu ddi vdi cdy Hoang cam tai \'iei Nam Id sau xanh an Id. Id cd r^ va tiidi rd. khdng iliay xuat hien ray xanh.
Cu the, vdi sdu hai, ddi hrgng sdu xanh Sn la xuat hien vd gay hai tai tat ca cdc cdng thiic. tiiy nhien dang d muc nhe (< 10% cay bi benh), khdng gay anh hudng nhieu ddn ndng suat ciia cdy Hoang cam. Ddi tugng ray xanh ciing la mgt ti'ong nhirng ddi tijgng thudng xuyen gdy hai, tuy nhien khdng ghi nhan ddi ttrgng ray xanh xuat hien tai cac cdng thuc thdi vii tiiuc hien tai Sa Pa - Lao Cai. Tai TV4, phat hidn su gay hai ciia bg tii, tuy nhien cung b miic diem nhe (<10%caybibenh).
Vdi ddi tiigng bdnh hgi chii ydu xudt hidn ti-^n cdy Hodng cdm Id bdnh Id cd r^ va bdnh thdi r§.
Benh Id cd rk xuat hien tai cdc cdng tinic TVS va TV4 vd d mtic diem nhe (<10% cay bi b^nh). Bdnh tiidi rt xuat hidn d cdc cdng tiiirc TVl, TVS, tiong dd tgi TVl benh xuat hien nhung d didm nh?, cdng thiic TVS benh xuat hien nhung gay hai n§ng hem (25% cdy bj b^nh), gdy dnh hudng tdi nSng suat vd chdt lugng dugc lieu cua cay Hoang cam. cac cong thiic TV2, TV4 khong ghi nhdn su xudt hidn ciia bdnh thdi rd.
3.5. Anh hudng ciia thdi vu gieo hat d^n cdc y^u td cdu thdnh ndng sudt vd ndng sudt ciia gidng Hodng cdm
Ndng suat Id mgt chi ti^u tdng hgp phan dnh day Theo Bd Ndng nghidp Saskatchewan Canada ^^ ti"h hinh sinh trudng. phat tiien ti-ong qud hinh (2010) [101, cay Hoang cam bi nhidm mot sd loai sau sinh sdng cua cay ti-dng. Nang suat luon Id chi tidu beiih: benh hdo ru ca chua virus, benh ddm hoai tii ^"^P^ ^uan tdm trong nghien ciiu va chgn tao gidng vi virus, ca hai deu do bg ti'i huydn bdnh. O mdt sd "o ^^y^^ "^inh gia tri kinh id cua gidng cay ti'dng.
viing cdn xuat hien ray xanh, Bang 4 cho thay, ddi
Bang 5. Anh hudng cua thdi vu gieo hgt d^n cdc ydu td cdu thdnh ndng sudt vd ndng sudt cua gidng Hodng cdm
Hinh 2. Qud vd hgt Hodng c ^
^ (A) Qua Hoang cam; (B) H^t Hoang cam 3.4. Anh hudng cua thdi vu d^n miic dO gdy hgi ciia sdu b$nh trdn gidng Hodng c ^
Bdng 4. Anh hudng ciia thdi vu d ^ miic dg gdy hgi dia sdu bgnh tren gidng Hodng cdm Cdng
thiic TVl TV2 TVS TV4
sau (didm) Sau xanh + + + +
Ray xanh
-
Bp tri
+ Bdnh (didm) Ldcd
rd
+ +
Thdi rd
+
++
Cdng thiie TVl TV2 TVS TV4 CV%
LSD„„
Chieu dai cii (cm) 28,60 26,46 23.71 17,70
Dudng kinh cu (cm)
1,18 1,12 1.10 0,75
Khdi lupng cu/cay (g) 13,74 12,96 7,30 6,33
Nang suat ly thuyet (ta/ha)
34,28 32,34 18.20 15,87
Nang suat thuc thu (ta/ha)
21,03 17,39 9,58 8,02 9,7 1,75 Chieu dai cu: Thdi vu anh hudng rd ret tdi chieu
dai cii khi thdi vu anh htrdng tirrc tiep den thdi gian sinh trudng cua gidng Hodng cam. Chidu dai cu cd xu hudng tdng len d cac cdng thuc tiidi vu cd tiidi
gian sinh trudng keo dai va gidm di tai cdc thdi vu cd thdi gian smh trudng ngdn hon. Cu thd. chidu ddi a i dao ddng tir 17.7 - 28.6 cm. trong dd chidu ddi cii ddi nhdt tai cdng thtrc cd thdi gian smh trudng ddi nhat
u A . . ! ^ M/5.UICD \/A PHAT TPIEN N O N G THON - KY 1 - THANG 9/2019
KHOA HOC CONG NGHl la l A l (28,6 cm), sau dd giam ddn tai cdc tiidi vu cd
thdi gian sinh trudng ngdn hon nhu tai TV2 (26.46 cm), tidp den la TV3 (23.71 cm) va chidu ddi cii ngdn nhdt tgi cdng thuc thdi vu cd thdi gian sinh trudng ngdn nhat Id T\'4 (17.7 cm).
Dudng kinh cii: Thai vu dnh hudng tdi dudng kinh cu khi thdi vu anh hudng true tiep den thdi gian smh trudng cua gidng Hoang cam. Duong kinh cii cd xu hudng tdng len a cdc cdng thiic thdi vu cd thdi gian smh trudng keo dai va giam di tai cdc thdi vu cd thdi gian sinh trudng ngdn hon. Cu the, dirdng kinh cu dao ddng tir 0,75 - 1,18 cm, trong dd dudng kinh cii ldn nhat tai cdng thiic cd thdi gian sinh trudng ddi nhat la TVl (1,18 cm), sau dd giam dan tai cdc thdi vu cd thdi gian sinh trudng ngdn hon nhu tai T\'2 (1,12 cm), tidp den Id TVS (1,10 cm) vd duong kinh cu ngdn nhdt tgi cdng thtk thdi vu cd thoi gian sinh trudng ngdn nhat Id TV4 (0,75 cm).
Khdi Itrgng cu/cay: Thdi vu dnh hirdng kha ro tdi khdi lugng cti/cdy khi thdi vu dnh hirdng true tidp ddn tiidi gian sinh trudng ciia gidng Hodng cdm. Khdi lugng cii/cdy cd xu hudng tang len d cdc cdng thiic thdi vii CO tiidi gian sinh trudng keo ddi va gidm di tai cdc thdi vu cd thdi gian sinh trudng ngdn hon. Cu the, khdi lugng cii/cay dao dgng tir 6.33 - 13,74 g, trong do khdi Itrgng cii/cay cao nhat tai cong thtic cd thdi gian sinh ti-udng ddi nhat la TVl (13,74 g), sau dd gidm dan tai cac thdi vu cd thdi gian sinh trudng ngdn hon nhu lai TV2 (12,96 g), tidp ddn la TVS (7.3 g) va chieu dai cu ngdn nhat tai cdng thuc thdi vu cd thdi gian sinh tiirdng ngdn nhdt laTV4 (6.SS g).
Nang suat ly thuydt Nang suat ly thuyet duoc tgo thanh do khdi lugng cu/cdy, sd lugng cay/nr.
Ket qua theo doi cho thay tai cdng thiic TVl cd khdi Itrgng cii/cdy cao nhdt nen nang sudl ly thuyet cao nhat (34,28 tg/ha). giam dan den cdc cdng thuc TV2 (32.34 ta/ha). TVS (18.2 ta/ha). tiiap nhdt tgi cdng lhucTV4 (15,87 ta/ha).
Danh gia anh hudng ciia thdi vu den nang suat thtrc thu ciia gidng Hoang cam cho thay:
Nang suat tiiuc tiiu dao ddng tii 8,02 - 21,03 ta/ha, cd su sai khac giira cdng thiic TVl so voi cdc cdng thtrc khdc vd ddu cd y nghia tiidng ke d dd tin cdy 95%. Cu the nang suat thuc thu cao nhat tai cdng Uitifc 1^1 (21,03 ta/ha), cao hon cdng tinic TV2 (17,39 ta/ha) 3.(^ ta/ha. cao hon TVS (9.58 tg/ha) 11.4.'i la/ha. n'4 (8.02 ta/ha) 13.01 ta/ha. Su chenh
lech giua cdng tiiuc TV3 vd TV4 Id 1.5ti tg/ha khdng CO >• nghia thdng k6 d dg tin cgy 95%.
Phdn tich tiidng k& cho tiiay C\ (%) cua ndng suat tiiuc tiiu Id 9,7% nhu vay tiii nghiem dat do chinh xac cho phep.
Tdm Iai, anh hudng ciia thdi vu trdng Hodng cam kha ro den sinh trudng, phdt trien va ndng sudt ciia cdy. Trong cdc cdng thuc thi nghiem Ihi cdng thuc TVl (gieo hat vdo ngdy 15/11) cho hidu qud cao nhdt
Hinh 3. Cii Hodng cam khi thu hogch 3.6. Anh hudng ctia thdi vu d^n hdm lugng hogt chdt ciia gidng Hodng cdm
Ddi vdi ddi tugng nghien cuu la cay dugc lidu, ngoai ydu td nang suat thi ydu td ham lugng boat chat Id ydu td duoc chu trgng hang dau, ham lugng boat chat tai cac cong tinic thdi vu dugc tong hgp tai bang 6.
Bdng 6. Anh hudng cua tiidi vu d^n hdm lugng hogt Cdng
thlic TVl TV2 TV3 TV4 CVX LSD,,,,
Ham lupng baicalin (%) 15,3 + 1,2 12,5 ±1.7 10,7 ± 1.6 7,80 ± 2.5
Nang suat baicalin (kg/ha)
321,759 217.375 102,506 62,556 5,8 20.53 Bang 6 cho thay: Ham lupng baicalin chiu anh hudng kha ro ciia ydu td thdi vu. nhin chung ham lupng baicalin cd xu hudng cao a cac cdng thiic thdi vu cd thdi gian smh trudng keo dai va thap lai cac cdng thuc thdi vu cd thpi gian sinh tnrimg ngan hon NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 9/2019
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
Cu th^ ham Iuong baicalin cao nhdt tgi cdng thiic TVl (15,3 ± 1.2%) cho nang suat baicaUn dat 321,759 kg/ha sau dd gidm dan xudng cac cdng thuc TV2 (12,5 ± 1,7%) nang suat baicalin dat 217,375 kg/ha, TVS (10,7 ± 1,6%) ndng suat baicalin dat 102,506 kg/ha, ham lugng baicalin vd nang suat baicalin thap nhat tgi cdng thuc cd thdi gian smh trudng ngdn nhdt TV4 (7.8 ± 2.5%). nang suat baicalin dat 62,556 kg/ha.
4 . KET LUAN
Thdi gian sinh trudng ciia gidng Hodng cam cd su sai khdc giira cdc cdng thuc thdi vu khdc nhau, bidn ddng tir 186 - 295 ngay. Tgi cdng thtic TVl (gieo hat ngay 15/11) thdi gian sinh ti-udng keo ddi hon c k cdng thlic cdn Igi (295 ngdy).
Ty 1? nay mam, khdi lugng 1.000 hgt ciJng chiu anh budng cua ydu td thdi vu. Ty le nay mdm. khdi lugng 1.000 hgt cd xu hudng lang tai cac cdng thiic cd thdi gian sinh ti-udng keo dai.
Dd Cling cua cdy chiu anh hudng cua thdi vu, vi thdi vu anh hudng tiiic tidp den then gian smh tiudng. Tai cac cdng thiic TVl, TV2 (gieo hat ngay 15/12) cSy cd thdi gian sinh trudng dai nen do cung cay cao, tgi cac cong tinic TVS (gieo hat ngay 15/1).
TV4 (gieo hat ngay 15/2) tiidi gian sinh budng ngdn hon ndn dp cung cay giam d mirc ti-ung binh.
Thdng qua danh gia da Itra chgn dugc cdng thuc tiidi vu TVl (gieo hat vao ngay 15/11) cho nang sudl tiiuc thu dgt 2.103 kg/ha va nang suat baicalin dat 321.759 kg/ha cao nhat ti'ong cac cdng tinic tiidi vu.
TAI UEU THAM KHAO
1. Dd Huy Bich, Dang Quang Chung, Biii Xuan Chuong, Nguydn Thuong Dong, Dd Trung Dam, Phgm Van Hien, Vu Ngoc Ld, Phgm Duy Mai, Pham Kim Man, Dodn Thi Nhu, Nguydn Tap va Tran Toan (2006). Cdy tiiudc vd ddng vat lam thudc d Viet Nam, tip I. NXB Khoa hgc Ky tiiual, tr. 937.
2. Wu, I. A. N., AS. Artele, L Zhang, and C. S. Yuan (2001). Anti-HIV activity of medicinal herbs: Usage and potential development. Am. I. Chinese Med. 29:69^1.
3. Franky L Chan. H. L. Choi. 2. Y. Chen. Peter S. F.Chan, Y.Huang (2000). Induction of apoptosis in prostate cancer cell lines by a flavonoid. baicalm.
Elsevier Vol.160. Issue 2, pp: 219-228.
4. Zhonghong Gao, Kaixun Huang, Xiangliang Yang, Huibi Xu (1999). Free radical scavenging and antioxidant activities of flavonoids exti-acted from the radix of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. Elsevier Vol.1472, issue 3. pp: 643 - 650.
5. Chung • Ching Un. Den - En Shieh (1996).
The Anti inflanimalory Activity of Scutellaria rivularis Extracts and Its Active Components, Baicalin, Baicalein and Wogonin. The American Journal of Chinese Medicine Vol.24, No.Ol, pp.31-36.
6. Teresa Krakauer, Bao Qun Li, Howard A.
Young (2001). The flavonoid baicaUn inhibits superantigen-mduced inflammatory cytokines and chemokmes. FEBS Letters Vol.500, issue 1-2. pp.52- 55.
7. Nguydn Thi Minh Tam (2012). Danh gia tiem nang va td chuc dp dung md hinh tidng cdy dtrpc lipu da duoc trdng thanh cdng tai Ha Ndi va khu vuc ddng bang midn Bdc.
8. Le Quang Huynh (1982). Phdn viing khi hgu ndng nghiep Viet Nam. Tdng cue Khi tugng Thiiy van.
9. Chen J.Yang S, Ding W, Cheng H. Cui B.
(2002). Quahty evaluation of seed of Scutelkria baicalensis from different habitats. Zhong Yao Cai.;
25 (9): 617-9.
10. Saskatchewan Ministi-y of Agriculture.
(2010). Skullcap. Government of Saskatchewan.
ll.http://w\\'w.agriculture.gov.sk.ca/default-aspx?dn
=a6cd8eb3-e7fd-4b.579d215d83a74c75bf.
12. Pham Luan (1987). Co sd ly thuydt ciia HPLC. Giao trinh, Trudng Dgi hoc Khoa hgc Tu nhien Ha Ndi.
-M.ir«v/A nuATTPlPN N O N G THON - KY 1 - T H A N G 9 / 2 0 1 9 55
KHOA HOC CONG N G H £
STUDYING ON THE EFFECTS OF SOWING SEASON ON THE QUANUTY, PRODUCnVmr AND QUALHY OF MEDICAL HERBS AND THE QUALITY OF IMPOIOIED {Scutellaria
baicalensisGeorgi) IN SAPA- LAO CAI
Nghiem Tien Chung, Luong Tin Hoan, Tiinh Minh Vu, Vu Thi Thu Hien, Dao Van Nui, Hoang Thuy Nga, Nhu Thu Nga, Bui Thi Anh
Summary
Seeded of Scutellaria baicalensis GeoT^ imported from China was used in all experiments in Sa Pa - Lao Cai.
with the aim of using tuberous roots to treat diseases such as prolonged high fever, cold. heat, cough, dysentery, diuresis, ulcers, vomiting blood, nosebleeds, bloody diairhea... Experimental evaluation of the effect of sowing seasons (including 4 seasonal formulas: TVl -15/11. TV2 - 15 12. TVS - January 15, TV4 - february 15). The expenment evaluated die effect of sowing season on growth, yield, quality of medicinal plants and seed quality arranged by a complete random block method widi three replicates. Research results show that the seeding scasi>n affects Uie gemiination rate and the weight of 1.000 seeds. Tlie gemunaUon rate and die weight of 1.000 seeds tend to increase in die fomiulas with prolonged growth penod. The season also influence on productivily and quality of medicinal herbs in Scutellana baicalensis Georgi. the research results show that the seasonal formula T\l seeded on november 15 wifli the productivity and the components of productivity reaching the length tubers was 2.S.6 cm. diameter tubers 1.18 cm, weight tubers 13.74 g, theoreUcal yield of 3.43 tons/ha, actual yield of 2.10 tons/ha, baicalin active ingredient content of 15.3%
equivalent to 321.759 kg baicaUn/ha. The seasonal formula TV4 seeded on February 15 only reached the diameter tubers 17.7 cm, diameter tubers 0.75 cm, weight lubere 6.33 g, theoretical yield of 1.59 tons/ha.
actual yield 0.80 tons/ha, the active inRredienI Baicalin content of 7.8% is equivalent to 62.556 kg baicalin/ha.
All indicators have significant differences at tlie 95% confidence level between TVl and TV4.
Keywords: Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. sowing seasons. Lao Cai.
Ngudi phdn bi^n: PGS.TS. Nguyfen Thi Ngpc Hud Ngdy nhdn bdi: 12/7/2019
Ngdy tiidng qua phdn bi^n: 14/8/2019 Ngdy duyet ddng: 21/8/2019
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 9/2019
