LUAT
VAI TRO CUA QUAN TAI VIEN,
DOANH NGHIEP QUAN LY, THANH LY TAI SAN TRONG THU TUC PHUC HOI DOANH NGHIEP
MAT KHA NANG THANH TOAN
• N G U Y I N TH! THANH NGQC - D 6 TH! BONG - N G U Y I N TRl/dNGTAM
TOM TAT:
Thii tuc phuc hdi boat ddng kinh doanh dffdc xem la gidi phap de doanh nghiep thoat khoi tinh trang nd nan, td chffe boat ddng kinh doanh, trdnh nguy cd bi tuyen bd phd san. Qudn tdi vien la chffe danh ra't mdi va Id mdt trong nhffng che dinh chung trung tam cua Ludt Phd sdn doanh nghiep 2014. Vai trd eiia qudn tai vien dffdc ky vpng la mdt trong nhffng "bdobd'i" giup Luat Pha sdn mdi thu'c sff dffdc cdng ddng doanh nghiep vd ngffdi ddn chdo ddn. Tuy nhien, sff tham gia ciia chii the nay ttong thii tuc phuc hdi dffdng nhff chffa nhdn dffdc sff quan tam dung miJc ciia cac nha lap phap. Bai vid't da n6u rd vai trd Quan tai vidn ttong thu tuc phuc hdi doanh nghiep mdt khd nang thanh lodn, ddng thdi neu mdt sd' dd xua't nham hodn thien phdp luat va nang cao hieu qud td chffe thffc hien thii tuc phuc hdi hoat dpng kinh doanh cua doanh nghiep ma't kha ndng thanh lodn nd d Viet Nam trong thdi gian tdi.
Tiif khoa: Quan tdi vidn, phd san, thu tuc phuc hdi, giam sat boat dpng kinh doanh.
L D a t v§nde
Ben canh doanh nghiep quan ly, thanh ly tai san, quan tai viencd quyen, nghTa vu quan ly tai sdn, giam sat hoat ddng kinh doanh, thanh ly tai san ciia doanh nghiep mat khd nang thanh lodn;
dai dien eho doanh nghiep trong trffdng hdp doanh nghiep khdng cd ngffdi dai dien theo phdp luat; bdo cao ve tinh trang tai sdn, cdng nd va boat dpng ciia doanh nghiep, tham gia xay dffng ke' hoach phuc hdi hoat dpng kinh doanh ciia doanh nghiep mat kha nang thanh lodn; de nghj
Tham phdn tidn hanh cdc cong viec sau: Thu thap tai lieu, chffng eff; tuyen bd giao dich vd hieu va quyet dinh thu hdi tai san ciia doanh nghiep bi ban hoac chuyen giao ba't hpp phap; dp dung bien phdp khan cap tam thdi; dp dung bien phap xff phat hanh ehinh; chuyen hd sd sang cd quan cd tham quyen xff ly ve hinh sff theo quy dinh ciia phap luat,.
Nhff vay, trong thu tuc phuc hdi hoat dpng kmh doanh ciia doanh nghiep mat kha nang thanh todn nd. quan tai vien. doanh nghiep qudn ly.
TAP CHi CONG THIfllNe
thanh ly tdi san cd them nhffng quyen, nhiem vu mdi vd rat quan trpng la dai dien cho doanh nghiep trong trffdng hdp doanh nghiep khdng cd ngffdi dai dien theo phap luat; bao cao ve linh trang tai san, cdng np va boat dong ciia doanh nghiep, tham gia xay dufng ke'hoach phuc hdi boat ddng kinh doanh ciia doanh nghiep mat kha nang thanh loan; giam sat hoat ddng kinh doanh vd tdi sdn ciia doanh nghiep. Dieu nay cho tha'y vai trd ciia qudn tai vien, doanh nghiep quan ly, thanh ly tai san da dupe nang len mdt bffdc phii hdp vdi xu the^chung ciia the'gidi, bao dam vi tri phdp ly trung gian to chffe cac hoat dpng phuc hoi ciia doanh nghiep mat kha nang thanh loan np.
Thii tuc phuc hdi hoat ddng kinh doanh ciia doanh nghiep mat kha nang thanh loan np den han la thii tuc tff phap dffdc thffc hien theo thu tuc tff phdp'. Vdi ban chat ciia thii tuc iff phdp. thu tuc phuc hdi boat dpng kinh doanh ciia doanh nghiep mat kha nang thanh todn nd bao gdm cac quy pham phdp luat ve trinh iff. cdch thffc va hd sd,., thdng qua dd, cdc chii the thffc hien cdc quyen, nghTa vu phap ly ciia minh. Nhff vay de thi hanh phap luat ve thu tuc phuc hdi hoat ddng kinh doanh ciia doanh nghiep ma't khd ndng thanh todn nd can dffa tren cdc quy pham phap lual ve ndi dung (nhff quy pham phdp luat ve che dp tai chinh, kidni ke tai sdn; phap luat doanh nghiep.
quy pham phdp luat ve quyen, nghia phu cua Ida an, quan lai vien. doanh nghiep qudn ly thanh ly tai san; phdp luat dan sif;...) de cd the danh gia dffdc hi$u qua. hieu life. Ddng thdi, dffa trenedsd thoa thuan giffa cdc chii np va doanh nghiep dffdc Tda dn cdng nhiin, nham muc tieu doanh nghiep dffpe phuc hdi va hoan tra cdc khodn np da tdi han trffdc day ciia cdc chii nd. ngu'di lao ddng.
Chinh bdi nhffng ddc thu ciia phuc hdi boat ddng kinh doanh ciia doanh nghiep mat kha nang thanh loan nd trong thii tuc phd san nen thu tuc phuc hdi boat ddng kinh doanh cua doanh nghiep mat khd nilng thanh loan nd ed nhffng dac diem rieng so vdi cdc trinh tff pha san khac va c6 sff khac biet dd'i \di cac phffdng thffc phuc hdi kinh doanh theo thoa thuan dan sff giffa cac chu the
kinh doanh. Vd cd ban, xu hffdng ca. • ^^ P aj tridn ddu chii trong tao didu kien cho cloanh nghiep ma't kha nang thanh todn quyen chu dong chffn. minh de'Iffa chpn viec thffc hien thu tuc nay h"ay thu me thanh ly khi nop ddn xin pha san.
Cac bien phap phdp ly bao dam kha nang phuc hdi hoat ddng kinh doanh ciia doanh nghiep dffdc Luat Phd san nam 2014 quy dinh bao gom:
(i) Bdo loan tai san, khdng lam xa'u hdn tinh hinh doanh nghiep mat kha nang thanh loan; (n) Giam sat thffc hien phffdng an phuc hdi hoat ddng kinh doanh ciia doanh nghiep mat khd nang thanh loan; (iii) Bo sung che dinh quan tai vien, doanh nghiep qudn ly. thanh ly tdi san.
2. Vai trd quan tai vi^n trong thu tuc phiic hdi
2.1. Quyen, nghia vu ciia quan tai vien, doanh nghiep qudn ly, thanh ly tdi sdn
Vai trd cua quan lai vien, doanh nghiep quan ly, thanh ly tai san da dffdc khang dmh trong Luat Phd sdn nam 2014. Day la mdt trong nhffng ch^
dinh l^n dau tien difdc dffa vao trong phdp luat Viet Nam hinh thanh nen mdt nghe mdi. Tuy nhien, quy dinh cu the ve phffdng ihffc, chffe nang, nhiem vu, quyen han cu the cua ehii the nay cdn thieu, mdi chi dffng d quy djnh chung tai Dieu 16 Lual Phd san se la khdng du cho viec thu'c hien thu tuc phuc hdi boat dpng kinh doanh ciia doanh nghiep md'i khd nang thanh loan nd, Hien nay, nhieu vifdng mac trong td ehffc va boat dpng ciia qudn lai vien khien eho che dinh nay boat dpng khdng hieu qua nhif: Kinh phi, tam ffng kmh phi de thffc hien chffe nang quan ly, thanh ly tai san ciia doanh nghiep trong trffdng hdp khd cd kha nang bdi hoan (vi du nhff trffdng hdp doanh nghiep khong cdn lai san de thanh todn-);
cp che de gidm sat doanh nghiep thffc bien phffdng dn phuc hdi;...
Luat Phd san 2014 quy djnh cu the ve quyen vd nghia vu ciia qudn tai Men nhff sau'.
1. Quan ly tai san. giam sat boat di .j_ Unh doanh. thanh ly tai san cua doanh ngbief , j ^ va mat khd nang thanh toan. gdm:
22 So 14-Thang 6/2020
lUAT
a) Xac minh, thu thdp, qudn ly tai lieu, chffng eff lien quan den hoat dpng cua doanh nghiep, hdp tac xa;
b) Lap bdng ke tai san, danh sach chii np, danh sdch ngffdi mac nd;
c) Bdo qudn tai san; ngan chan viec ban, chuyen giao tdi sdn ma khdng dffdc phep cua ThSm phdn; ngan chan viec tau tdn tai sdn; tdi da hda gid tri tai san ciia doanh nghidp, hop tac xa khi ban, thanh !y tai san;
d) Gidm sat hoat dong kinh doanh ciia doanh nghi6p, hdp tac xa theo quy dinh eua phap luat;
d) Dffdc thue ca nhdn, td chffe thffc bien cdng vide theo quy dinh cua phdp luat;
e) De xua't vdi Tham phan ve viec bdn tai sdn ciia doanh nghiep, hpp tdc xa de bdo ddm chi phi pha sdn;
g) Bdn tai sdn theo quye't dinh ciia Tha'm phdn de bao dam chi phi phd san;
h) Td chffe vi€e dmh gid, thanh ly tai san theo quy dinh ciia Luat nay; bao cdo cd quan thi hanh dn dan sff, thdng bdo den ngffdi tham gia thu tuc phd sdn cd lien quan vd vi6e giao cho ed nhan, td chffe thffc hien thanh ly tdi san,
i) Gffi cac khoan tien thu dffdc vao tai khoan do Tda an nhan dan, cd quan ihi hanh dn dan sff cd tham quyen md tai ngan hang.
2. Dai dien cho doanh nghiep, hdp tde xa trong trffdng hdp doanh nghiep, hdp tdc xa khdng cd ngffdi dai dien theo phdp luat.
3. Bao cao vd tinh trang tai san, cdng nd va boat dpng cua doanh nghiep, hdp tdc xa, tham gia xay dffng ke hoach phuc hdi hoat ddng kinh doanh ciia doanh nghiep, hdp tac xa mat kha nang thanh loan.
4. De nghi Tham phdn tidn hanh cac cdng viec sau:
a) Thu thap tai lieu, chffng eff;
b) Tuyen bd' giao dich vd hieu vd quyet dinh thu hdi tai sdn ciia doanh nghiep, hdp tac xa bi bdn hodc chuyen giao ba't hdp phdp;
c) Ap dung bien phdp khan cap tam thdi; dp
dung bien phap xff phat hanh ehinh; chuyen hd sd sang cd quan cd tham quyen xff ly ve hinh sff theo quy dinh ciia phap luat.
5. Dffdc hffdng thii lao vd thffc hien trach nhiem bao hidm nghe nghiep theo quy dinh cua phdp luat.
6. Bdo edo viec thffc hien nhiem vu, quyen ban ciia minh theo yeu eau ciia Tham phdn, cd quan thi hanh an dan sff: chiu trach nhiem trffdc Tham phdn, cd quan thi hanh an dan sff va phdp luat ve viec thffc hien nhiem vu, quyen ban ciia minh.
2.2. Vai tro cua chu thi qudn ly, thanh ly tdi sdn trong thii tuc phuc hoi hoat dgng kinh doanh cua doanh nghiep mat khd ndng thanh todn nd theo phdp luat mQt so'quoc gia tren the'gidi
Vai trd ciia che'dinh qudn ly, thanh ly tai sdn, dffdc khang dinh trong thu tuc pha sdn ndi chung va thii tuc phuc hdi boat dpng kinh doanh eiia doanh nghiep mat kha nang thanh lodn nd. Phdp luat Pha san ciia cdc nffdc Hoa Ky, Cdng hoa Phdp va Trung Qud'c deu thie'l lap mot che'dinh trung gian giiip cho Toa an, chu nd vd cdc ehu the khac thffc hien thuan Idi hdn quyen cua minh. Dd la che'djnh Tin thac vien ciia Hoa Ky - mdt ehffc danh ciia ngffdi dai dien qudn ly lai san eiia doanh nghiep ma't kha nang thanh loan np lam vao tinh trang phd san do Toa dn bd nhiem (Trustee)"* cijng cd quyen de xua't ke hoach phuc hdi: che' dinh quan tai vien ciia Cdng hda Phap (La gestion de la faillile)' do tham phan chi dinh; che dinh quan trj vien (The administrator)'^ theo Luat Phd san doanh nghiep nam 2006 cua Trung Qud'c do Tod dn ehi dinh, gan nhff iffdng ddng vdi khdi niem ngffdi dffdc uy tbdc qudn ly tai san phd sdn trong thu tuc pha sdn cua My. Trong thu tue "to chu'c lai cdng ty"
- phan d^u trong thii tuc phuc hdi doanh nghiep ibeo phap luat Nhat Ban. luat sff dffdc chi dinh la ngffdi qudn ly tdi sdn d lai cdng ty vdi vai trd ngffdi Tff van gidm sat hoat ddng cdng ty. Neu tha'y phffdng dn tai thiet da dffdc thffc hien tff 70 - 80%, Tod dn se cha'm dfft vai trd giam sal ciia ho.
TAP CHi GONG THtftfNG
Trong mdt hffdng ddn chung, Luat miu ve phd sdn xuyen qud'c gia cua Uy ban Lien Hiep qud'c ve Luat Thffdng mai Qud'c te (UNCITRAL) da hffdng dan ve "ngu'di dai dien pha san" (The insolvency representative) nhff la ngffdi cd trach nhiem quan ly thu tuc phd sdn dffdc xac dinh theo ten goi chffe danh khac nhau, nhff la "Qudn trj vien" ("administrators"), "Quan tdi vien"
("trustees"), "ngffdi thanh ly" ("liquidators").
"ngffdi gidm sat" ("supervisors"), "ngffdi nhan"
("receivers"), "gidm tuyen" ("curators"), "cdng chffe, vien chffe" ("official") hoac "nha quan ly tff phdp" ("judicial managers") hoac "liy vien"
("commissioners")^. Dai dien phd sdn cd the la mdt ca nhan hoac mdt so' chffe danh tif phap. mot cong ty, mot phdp nhan rieng biet, ddng vai trd trung tam trong viec thffc hien luat ve pha san.
vdi nhffng quydn ban nha't dinh c6 y nghia quye't djnh tinh hi6u qua ciia viec thffc hien luat dd'i vdi ngffdi ma't kha nang thanh loan va tai san ciia hp.
cd nghia vu bdo vi tdi sdn va gid in ciia hp cung nhff Idi ich ciia chii nd va ngffdi lao ddng. bao ddm luat phdp dffdc dp dung cd hieu qua va khong thien vj.
2.3. MQt so'van de phdp ly phdt sinh ve vai tro cua chd the qudn ly, thanh ly tdi sdn trong thu tuc phuc hoi hoat dgng kinh doanh cua doanh nghiep ma't khd ndng thanh todn nd theo phdp luqt Viet Nam
Ve cd ban, dieu kien thffc hien thii tuc phuc hdi hoat dpng kinh doanh ciia doanh nghiep ma't kha nang thanh todn nd dffdc Luat Phd san nam 2014 quy dinh theo hu'dng ddn gidn hda thii tuc, bao dam nang eao vai trd quydt dinh eiia cdc chu nd (dai dien cho khodn nd khdng cd tai san bao dam). O day, vai trd eiia Toa an, quan tai vien, doanh nghiep qudn ly. thanh 1\ tai san chi mang tinh eha't dieu hanh, hd trd ma khdng cd yeu Id' quye't dinh (ke cd phe duyet nghi qu\et).
Tuy nhien, thffc te thi hanh phap luat pha san d nffdc ta ndi chung va thii tuc phuc hdi boat ddng kinh doanh cua doanh nghiep mat khd nang thanh todn nd cdn nhieu han che. Qua nghien cffu cho tha'y. cac quy dinh phap luat ve vai tro ciia Quan
tdi vien trong thu tuc phuc hdi ho.,' .t^^ig kinh doanh cua doanh nghiep ma't kha nang thanh toan np cdn ndi len nhffng van de sau.
Trong qud trinh thffc hien cac gidi PhaP;e tai Cd ca'u td chffe bd may doanh nghiep: Ke thffa quv dinh cua Luat Phd sdn nam 2004 cho phep thay ddi ngffdi quan lyvadidu hanh hoa^t dpng kinh doanh eua doanh nghiep. Luat Phd san nam 2014 cung giff nguyen quy dinh va co sff dieu chinh hdp ly, phu hdp hdn vdi Luat Doanh nghiep, dd'i vdi ngffdi dai dien theo phdp luat cua doanh nghiep (thay vi ngffdi qudn ly): "Trffdng hdp xet tha'y ngffdi dai dien theo phap luat eua doanh nghiep... khdng cd kha nang dieu hanh doanh nghiep... cd dau hieu vi pham khodn 1 Dieu 48 ciia Ludt nay thi Tham phan ra quyet djnh thay ddi ngffdi dai dien theo phdp luat cua doanh nghiep... dd theo de nghi cua Hdi nghi chu nd hoac Qudn tai vien, doanh nghiep qudn ly, thanh ly tai sdn" (khoan 2 Dieu 47).
Vdi vai trd la chii the quan ly tai sdn, gidm sat boat ddng kinh doanh, thanh ly tdi san cua doanh nghiep: Day la chii the dae thu trong thffc hidn thu tuc phd san vdi chffe ndng gidm sdt boat ddng ciia doanh nghiep ma't kha nang thanh loan; djnh gia tai sdn va bdn tai san cua doanh nghiep trong trffdng hdp thffc hien viec pha san doanh nghiep de thanh todn cho cdc chii nd lien quan. Trong viec thffc hien thii tuc phuc hdi boat ddng kinh doanh ciia doanh nghiep, qudn tai vien, doanh nghiep quan ly, thanh ly tai sdn tham gia vdi tff cdch la ngffdi giam sdt hoat dpng cua doanh nghiep va giam sdt tai san cua doanh nghiep.
Luat Phd san tuy tao nhieu dieu kien thuan Idi de cdc doanh nghiep phuc hdi hoat dpng kinh doanh nhffng cijng cd nhffng quye't dmh de gidm sdt qua trinh phuc hdi nay. Td't ca cac ben tff ben nd den chu nd dieu mong mud'n qud trinh phuc hdi didn ra nhanh chdng vd thanh cdng, nhffng khong phai doanh nghiep ndo cung di dung hffdng va phuc hdi cd hieu qua, chinh vi the vie giam sat phuc hdi la hoan loan hdp ly. Khdng if neng Viet Nam, cac qud'c gia tren the gidi dtn ,,.> ^jy dinh ve viee giam sat boat ddng phu^ loi . ,^^
24 So 14-Thang 6/2020
LUAT
doanh. Vi du 6 My la ngffdi dai dien cho Chinh phii se gidm sdt sau do bao cdo vdi Tod dn. O mot so qud'c gia khac, vi6e gidm sdt lai dffdc giao cho chii the cd Idi ich bi dnh hffdng nhieu nha't la chii nd^.
Phdp ludt pha san d Viet Nam ket hpp ed hai chii the de thffc hien gidm sat bao gdm: Qudn tdi vien, doanh nghidp qudn ly, thanh ly tdi san va ehii nd. Ben canh dd, tham phdn cung cd quyen gidm sdt vide thffc hien boat ddng phuc hdi doanh nghiep bdng each xem nhffng bao cdo ciia qudn tai vien, doanh nghidp quan ly thanh ly tai san 6 thdng mpl Ian''. Cd the ndi, theo phap lual pha san Viet Nam, phu hdp vdi phap luat pha san the"
gidi, qud trinh thffe hien viec giam sdt hoat dpng phuc bdi doanh nghiep dffdc ket hdp rat chat che va hpp ly. Luat cung da quy dinh mot quy trinh hdp ly, day dii va bdm sdt thffc Id' ve thffc hien, gidm sdt, sffa doi bd sung phffPng an phuc hdi boat ddng kinh doanh ciia doanh nghiep lam vao tinh trang phd san.
Tuy nhien, Luat Phd san 2014 va cdc van bdn hffdng ddn thi hanh lien quan de'n thii tuc phuc hdi boat ddng kinh doanh cua doanh nghidp ma't khd nang thanh todn cdn chung chung, tap trung vao quy trinh boat ddng trong thu tuc pha sdn ma chifa dd edp de'n each thffc thffc hien viec gidm sat ciia chu np dd'i vdi phufdng dn phuc bdi kinh doanh; quyen han ciia Tda an, chu nd md khi gidm sat ma phdt hien doanh nghiep thffc hien khong dung hoac khdng thffc hien phffdng dn phuc hdi hoat dpng kinh doanh.
Cac hinh thffc gidm sat eua quan tai vien, doanh nghiep qudn ly, thanh ly tai sdn va chii no dd'i vdi doanh nghiep thffe hien phffdng an phuc hdi hoat dpng kinh doanh cOng chffa dffdc hffdng ddn eu the. Viec thieu cd sd phap ly se ddn den sff khdng chac chan trong bdo ve quyen Ipi ciia cac chu nd, dac biet khi doanh nghiep thffc hien phffdng dn phuc bdi hoat ddng kinh doanh ed tinh che gid'u cac hdnh vi vi pham phffdng dn da dffdc thong qua.
Qua nghien cffu cho tha'y, cac bien phdp tren thffc te ehffa hieu qua, chffa bdo dam quyen cua
ehii nd trong gidm sdt boat ddng ciia doanh nghiep ma't kha nang thanh todn. Ngoai che do bdo edo djnh ky va quy djnh chung ve gidm sat, phdp ludt ve phd sdn van cdn chffa cu the hda ede bien phap giam sdt, cdc bien phap ap dung phdt sinh trong qua trinh phuc hdi boat dpng kinh doanh ciia doanh nghiep. Mat khdc. quyen ban cua cdc chii the gidm sat, trinh iff, thii tuc xff ly cdc va'n de phdt sinh trong qud trinh giam sat (nhff tham quydn cua Tda an, quyen ciia chu np, quan lai vien, doanh nghiep quan ly, thanh ly tai san khi giam sdt ma phdt hidn doanh nghiep thffc hien khdng diing hoac khdng thffc hien dffdc phffdng dn phuc hdi hoat dpng kinh doanh) cung khdng difde quy dinh chi tie^t se dan de'n nhffng ban che thffe te trong qua trinh bdo dam quyen gidm sdt'".
Tff each dai dien eho doanh nghiep mat kha nang thanh loan: Ne'u nhu'phdp luat cdc nffde My, Phap deu quy dinh ehu the dai dien eho chii np, thay mat chu nd thffc hien cac thii tuc ve pha san ndi chung va phuc hdi boat dpng kinh doanh cua doanh nghiep" thi phap lual Viet Nam vdn chu'a xac djnh loai chii the dai dien nay. Mac du tai khoan 2 Dieu 16 Luat Phd san 2014 cd quy djnh tff each "Dai dien cho doanh nghiep, hdp tde xa trong trffdng hpp doanh nghiep, hdp tac xa khdng cd ngffdi dai dien theo phdp luat" nhffng chffa ed bd'l ky hffdng ddn cu the nao ve each thffc thffc hien tff cdch dai dien nay.
Ve trdch nhiem ciia cac ben trong thii tuc phuc hdi hoat dong kinh doanh.
Phap luat ve thii tuc phuc hdi boat dpng kinh doanh cua doanh nghiep mat kha nang thanh todn nd chi chii ye'u tap trung quy djnh quy trinh thffe hien thu tuc ma thieu vang nhffng quy djnh rang bupc trach nhiem eua cac ben trong thu tuc phuc hdi boat dpng kinh doanh eua doanh nghiep ma't kha nang thanh todn nd va nhffng gidi phdp hd trd phuc hdi boat dpng kinh doanh ciia doanh nghiep. Sff thieu vSng cdc quy djnh nay se ddn de'n ma't niem tin cua chu nd, ngffdi lao ddng va nhffng chu the lien quan de'n doanh nghiep ma't khd n5ng thanh loan nd. Dieu nay ly gidi vi sao cdc vu viec phd san doanh nghiep thffdng khdng
TAP CHi CONG THinfNG
dffdc ap dung thii tuc phuc hdi hoat ddng kinh doanh ciia doanh nghiep.
2.4. MQt soy kien kien nghi
Qua sff nhan dien va phan tich cdc bat cap con ton tai trong cac quy djnh phap luat ve vai trd cua Qudn tai vien, doanh nghiep qudn ly, thanh ly tai san trong thu tuc phuc hdi boat dpng kinh doanh ciia doanh nghiep ma't khd nang thanh todn, tdc gia de xua't mot sd' kien nghi sau;
Mot Id, can hoan thien phap luat ve gidm sat hoat ddng cua doanh nghiep thffe hien phu'dng dn phuc bdi hoat ddng kinh doanh theo hffdng cu the hdn nffa, tao mau chd't quan trpng ve ed sd phap ly bao ddm quyen Ipi ciia chu nd vd cung la nang cao tinh thffe tidn ciia viec thifc hien thii tuc nay.
Hai la, cdch thffc thffc bien gidm sdt cua qudn tdi vien, doanh nghiep qudn ly, thanh ly lai san va chii nd dd'i vdi viec thffc hien phifdng dn phuc hdi kinh doanh cung can difpc bd sung trong van ban hffdng ddn Ludt Phd sdn theo hffdng lao ra nhieu cdch thffc chu dpng hdn nffa.
Ba la, can cd quy djnh vd hffdng dan cu the ve tff cdch dai dien cho doanh nghiep mat kha nang thanh todn nd ciia quan tai vien cung nhff nhffng quy djnh rdng budc trdch nhiem ciia cdc ben trong Ibii tuc phuc hdi boat ddng kinh doanh eiia doanh nghiep mat kha nang thanh lodn nd.
Bon la, bao ddm boat dong hieu qua che dinh qudn tdi vien. doanh nghiep quan ly. thanh !\ tai sdn. Mdt diem mdi quan trong trong Luat Phd san nam 2014 la bd sung che dinh qudn tdi vien de bao dam vai trd trung gian. to chffe va gidm sdt thffc hien thu tuc phd san. phuc hdi va thanh 1\ tai san.
Tuy nhien. vdi nhffng ban che da neu, viec bdo dam cd sd tdi chinh (nhff kinh phi boat ddng) va kien loan nang life quan tai vien id mot trong nhffng giai phdp khac phuc nhffng ban che trong viec thi hanh thu tuc phuc hdi boat ddng kmh doanh cua doanh nghiep ma't khd nang thanh loan nd.
Xu the' chung ciia phdp luat phd sdn hien dai la hffdng vao doanh nghiep mat kha nang thanh toan nd. ffu lien va tao dieu kien thffc hien thii tuc phuc hdi boat ddng kinh doanh eua doanh
nghiep trong thii tuc pha san. Dae lu. . 'an tai vien cd vai trd quan trpng khi thffc hien thu tuc phuc hdi boat dpng kinh doanh cua doanh nghiep, dat ra yeu cau hodn thien phdp ludt va nang cao hieu qua td chffe thffc hien Ehu tuc phyc hoi boat ddng kinh doanh cua doanh nghiep mat kha nang thanh todn np d Viet Nam trong thdi gian tdi.
3. Ket tuSn
Vai trd ciia quan tai vien. doanh nghiep qudn ly. thanh ly tai san tuy la mot trong nhffng diem mdi ciia Luat Pha sdn nam 2014. lao bffde dot phd trong thu tuc phd san, nhffng vdn chffa thffc sff cd vai trd xffng tam, gdp phan nang cao hieu qua trong thffe thi thu tuc phuc hdi boat dpng kinh doanh ciia doanh nghiep ma't kha nang thanh loan nd. Quan tai vien. doanh nghiep quan ly, thanh ly tai san mdi chi lao ra diem mdi trong viee quan ly lai san. thanh ly tdi san cua doanh nghiep md't kha n3ng thanh todn ma chifa Ihffc sff phdt huy vai trd, chu'c nang tham gia xay dffng ke' hoach phuc hdi boat dpng kinh doanh ciia doanh nghiep mat kha n3ng thanh todn. giam sat hoat ddng kinh doanh,... Do dd, thieu di kenh quan trong trong viec bao dam hieu qua eiia thii tuc phuc hdi boat ddng kinh doanh ciia doanh nghiep.
Trinh dp, nang life cdn han che ciia ddi ngu quan lai vien vdn cdn la mdt nguyen nhan dffdc neu hen tuc trong nhieu nam tai cdc bdo edo tdng ket cdng tdc eiia nganh tod dn. lam anh hffdng den viec thffc bien muc lieu phuc hdi doanh nghiep va bieu qua thi hanh Ludt Pha san nam 2014 khi Qude hpi thdng qua. Mat khac. chffa cd Cd che bao dam hoat dpng hieu qua ciia quan tdi vien. chffa phu hdp vdi che do xa hpi hda cdng tac quan ly, thanh ly tai sdn (vd tidn cong, mffe thii lao, kha nang bao dam chi trd,...). Do dd khdng khuye'n khich dffpe quan tdi vien doanh nghiep quan ly. thanh ly tai sdn tham gia vao qud trinh phuc hdi hoat ddng kmh doanh ciia doanh nghiep vdn mang tinh riii ro va thdi ei ' <o ddi Nghien cffu dieu kien. trinh dd cii - ,•- cho tha'y cdn rat thap. rat ihi. , - >
, , . >eu cau thffc te ca ve trinh dd i.' , • . A^. .,
• J ' ' ^ d a o dffc nghe nghiep.
2 6 So 14-Thang 6/2020
LUAT
Cdc nha lap phap ehffa thffe sff danh gid dung yeu cau thffc tidn ve trinh dp phdp luat, trinh dp tam quan trong ve trinh dp cua mot qudn tai vien, tin dung va trinh dp ve tham djnh gia tai san di/dc do do, thffc te ra't khd tim dffdc mot qudn tai vien dat ra dd'i vdi mdt nghd tffdng tff la "chuyen vien cd dii dieu kien ndng Iffc thffe te de thffe hien xff ly nd xa'u" eua mdt ngan hang (ngoai dieu cdng viec. Ne'u trinh do chuyen mdn chi can mot kien "cd mpttd'm Idng")'-. Hp caned sff hieu biet trong ba dieu kidn la: ludt sff; kiem loan vien; tbd'u dao ve td chffe va boat dong kinh doanh eua ngffdi cd trinh do eff nhan ludt, kinh te, ke'todn, doanh nghiep'-, dac biet la cac doanh nghiep hoat tdi chinh, ngan hang va ed kinh nghiem 5 nam trd dpng trong nhffng ITnh vffc dae thu ciia nen len ve ITnh vffc dffdc dao tao, thi cdn thieu so vdi kinh te •
TAI LIEU TRICH DAN:
'TranThi Thu Ha (20i9). Thu tuc phuc hoi hogi dong kinh doanh cua doanh nghiep mat khd ndng thanh todn nd theo phdp ludt phd sdn Viet Nam, Luan An Tie'n sT Luat hoc. Hoc vien Khoa hoc xa hoi - Vien Han lam Khoa hpc xa hdi Viet Nam.
- Bao diSn tff VTV news (2017), Hop thU truyen hinh: Che djnh quan tai vien trong Luat Pha san, ngudn:
http://vtv.vn/video/hop-thu-truyen-hinh-che-dinhquan-tai-vien-trong-luat-pha-san-237040.htm.
•'Dieu 16 Luat Pha san 2014.
* Title 11: United States Bankruptcy Code, https://www.law comell.edu/uscode/text/11
* Dezalay Yves, Le droit des failiites: du notable a I'expert [La restracturation du champ des professionnels de la reslructuration des entreprises]. In: Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales. Vol. 76-77, mars 1989 Droit el expertise, pp. 2-29 (document genere le 01/09/2016).
^ Enterprise Bankruptcy Law of the People's Republic of China, http.//www.npc.gov.cn/englishnpc/Law/2008- 01/02/content_]388019.htm.
' UNCITRAL (2005), LegisIaUvc Guide on Insolvency Law, New York
* Nguyen Quang Trung (2017), Phuc hoi doanh nghiep theo Ludt Phd sdn nam 2014, Luan van Thac sT Luat hpc, Hpc vien Khoa hpc xa hoi - Vien Han lam Khoa hoc xa hoi Viet Nam.
^ Dieu 93 Luat Pha san 2014
^°http://www.dhklna.edu vn/dvAhoa-co-so/nghien-cuu-khoa-hoc/bai-viet-nckh-trao-doi/thuc-trang-va-giai-phap- hoan-ihien-phap-luat-ve-thu-tuc-phuc-hoi-hoat'dong-kinh-doanh-cua-doanh-nghiep-mat-kha-nang-thanh-toan- no-den-han-11906. aspx
" Georges Cavalier (2008), French Bankruptcy Law and Enforcement Procedures Commercial Code - Article L. 632-2 §2, Hal Id.
'^ Ha Van Khanh (2017), Ne'u khdng cd mot tam long thi dffng lam nghe xff ly nO (trich theo Tn thffc ire), nguon: hllp://cafef.vn/neu-khong-co-mot-lam-longthi-dung-lam-nghe-xu-l\-no-ngan-hang-2017101409012285.chn '-' Cdng ty ludt Dazpro, Tif va'n phuc hdi kinh doanh, ngudn: hnp://www.phasan.vn/dich-vu/tu-van-phuc-hoi-kinh- doanh.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO:
1. Qud'c hdi (2014). Luat Phd sdn 2014.
2. Quoc hpi (2014). Ludl Doanh nghiep 2014
TAP CHi CONG THIfdNG
3. Chinh phu (2015). Nghi dinh so 22/2015/ND-CP ngay 16 thdng 2 nam 2015 Quy dinh chi liei tin >'<'»
dieu cua Ludt Phd sdn ve qudn tdi vien va hdnh nghe qudn ly. thanh ly tdi sdn.
4. UNCITRAL (2005), Ugislative Guide on Insolvency Law.
Ngay nh§n bai: 28/5/2020
Ngay phan bi^n danh gia va 50*8 chffa: 28/5/2020 Ngay chdfp nhSn dSng bai: 9/6/2020
Thong tin tdc gid:
1. ThS. NGUYEN THI THANH NGQC Khoa LuSt - Trffdng Dai hpc Da Lat 2. ThS. D 6 T H I BONG
Khoa Kinh te - TrUdng Dai hpc Tay Nguydn 3. ThS. NGUYEN TRUCfNG TAM Khoa Kinh td' - TrUcfng Dai hpc Tay Nguyen
THE ROLE OF ASSET MANAGEMENT OFFICER, ASSET MANAGEMENT ENTERPRISE AND ASSET LIQUIDATION IN BUSINESS RECOVERY PROCEDURES
• Master. NGUYEN THI THANH NGOC Facultty of Law, Da Lot University
• IVIaster. DOTH! BONG Faculty of Economics, Toy Nguyen University
• Master. NGUYEN TRUONG TAM Faculty of Economics, l a y Nguyen University
ABSTRACT:
Business recovery procedures are considered a solution to help businesses get out of debt, re-organize their business activities and avoid the risk of being declared bankrupt. Asset management officer is a very new title and one of the key institutions of the Law on Bankruptcy in 2014. The role of asset management officer is expected to improve the efficienc\ of tlic Law on Bankruptcy. However, the role oi a^vei management officer in busines> lecovery procedures has not received enough attention from Uus makers This article poinh. nut ihe role of asset management officer in the business recover>' procedures o' hankaipi enierprises, and also makes a number of proposal to enhance the efficiency of the law and ilic nnpiemcniaiion of business recover)' procedures of bankrupt enterpnses in Vietnam in ihe near fuiure
Keywords: Asset management officer, bankruptcy, business recovery procedures r -m^*,,, operation monitoring.
28 So 14-Thang 6/2020
