IHOT s d X U A T x i i T R A M IVAM GAIV G I A U 1 ,8-CIIMEOLE
TROIXIG TIIVH D A U V A CO TRlilM VQIVG O V I ^ IMAM
Le Dmh Khi', Nguydn Th) Thanh Hudng', K. Pinyopusarerk' T6MTAT
Ba khao nghi§m cho 20 x u i t xii T r i m n&mg&n(M. quinquenema Q) dui^c xfty dung n i m 2008-2009 tai Ba Vl (Hi N W , Phii L«c CThiia ThiSn-Hud) v i Thanh H6a (Long An) trfin c o sft kd thua kft q u i khao nghidm xu^t xii tai Ba Vl (trdng nam 2005), c6 ddi chiing vfti 3 x u i t xii T r i m gi6 (M. caiupud suhsp. caiuputi-Cg) ciia Vifit Nam. Sau 2-3 n i m k h i o nghifim cho t h i y 3 xuftt xii c6 tridn vpng tai Ba Vi l i Q15 (5 km West Malam, PNG), Q16 (Balimo-Wasua Road, PNG) vS Q23 (Casino, NSW), cft sinh truftng nhanh, khdi luong Id Iftn, h i m lupng tinh d i u tinh theo l i tuoi tuong iing l i 1,44%, 1,49% va 1,35%, ty lfi l,8cineole tuong ung l i 75,07%, 65,48% vft 72,44%. D i y cQng l i nhQng x u i t x u cft Ui^n vpng t?i Thanh Hfta Oioni lupng tinh dau tuong ling l i 1,75%, 1,71% v i 1,62%, tj lfi l,»cineole tiiong ling lft 71,12%, 68,20% v4 71,30%); cftc xuat xii Q4 (NE Gympie, Qld) v i Q8 (Bribie Island, Qld) l i nhflng xuSt xii cft Mdn vpng tai Thanh Hfta Oiftm lupng Unh dftu 1.49% v i 1,58%, ti lfi l,8eineole 66,36 v i 68.87»). Tai Phii Lfic x u i t xil Q23 cft hftm lupng Hnh dftu 1,40%, ty lfi l,8cineole 73.82%; cftc xuft't xil Q15 vft Q16 cft hftm lupng Unh d i u diftp (1,09-1,17%), it cft gia tii sftn xuftt. Tai Ba Vi, c i c xuftt x u Q15, Q16 vft Q23 cting l i nhflng x u i t xu cft kha nftng ra chdi cao va cft khdi lupng lft Ion hon cftc x u i t xii khftc. Cftc x u i t xu Trftm gift cua Vifit Nam ciing tudi co sinh truong chftm hoftc lit chftm (die bifit x u i t xfl Bai Lal). cft hftm lupng tinh dftu 0,630,99%, cft ty lfi l,»<;lneole 14,3-60%, khong dat yfiu cftu cua thi truftng. H i m lupng tinh dftu vft ty lfi l.&cinole trong tinh dftu cft tuong quan chat hoftc riit chftt giua cftc noi khao nghifim (r - 0,79 - 0,97), trong luc cftc chi tifiu sinh tniftng cft hrong quan y^u hoftc viia phai giua c i c noi khao nghifim ( r . . 0,04-0,65).
T\ildifta: Tramnimgin, tinh diu trim, xuitxu.
iiwtiiu
Trim nim gan (M. quinquenervia (Cav.) S.T.
Blake) la mgt trong nhung loii tram chii ydu dupc trong de sin xuat tinh diu giiu l,&cineoIe cimg cac lofti Tram cajuput (M. cajuputi). Tram fa-i (M.
altemifolii) vi mgt sd Ioai tram khic. Tmh diu tram giau l,&cineoIe cd tdn chung l i Cajeput Oil (Khan, Abouiashed, 2010). Do cd ty Id l,acmeoIe cao nfin liong tinh dau Trim n i m g i n s i n xuat tir Madagasca cd gii cao g i p ru&i tinh d i u Trim cajuput (Wholesale Aromatherapy, 2011).
Banh gii khao nghidm 12 xuit xii thudc 7 loii Wm trdng nim 1994 tai Thanh Hda (tinh Long An) d giai doan 6 nam tudi cho thay 3 xuat xii Trim nim gan CO tridn vgng dd san xuat tinh dau trim d nudc ta la ML MoUoy, Tozer' gap va Rokeby ciia Queensland, I* ham lupng tinh diu 0,98-1,09% b-ong miia kha, ty te l,8cineoIe 64,64-72,06%; cic xuat xii Trim cajuput 'a cac loai ti-am khic ddu cd ty Id L&cineole thip, it CO gia tii kmh td (Phung Cam Thach va cs., 2000).
Tuyviy, danh gia khao nghidm 14xuat xii Tram nim gan tidng nim 2005 tai Ba Vi, co so sanh vdi 6 miu Tram cajuput, ttiu thgp tir rimg tu nhifin d mpt sd
J *i^n Cai thien Gidng vft Phftt trien Lam sftn Tmng tam Gidng cay rflng Australia
vimg dien hinh ciia nudc ta, lai ttiay 3 xuit xii Trim nam gin ndi trfin chi cd ham lupng tinh dau 0,59- 0,64%. Cic mau Trim cit v i Trim gid thu tu Phii Qudc (Kifin Giang), Thanh Hda (Long An), Tmh Bifin (An Giang), Phii Loc CThiia Thifin -Hue) vi Dai Lai (Vinh Phiic) cung deu cd h i m lupng tinh dau thip (0,14-0,95%), ty 16 l,&cineoIe tu dang vet den 60,07%, ty Id Umonene tii dang vdt den 5,86%, khftng dat ydu cau sin xuit tinh diu cd chat Iupng cao (Lfi Dmh Kha vies., 2008).
Vl thd, xiy dung cic khao nghiem xuat xii mdi, ti-en CO sd kd thiia kdt qua cic khao nghifim xuat xii tiiroc day, li hdt siic cin thidt. Trong cac nim 2008- 2009 ba khao nghidm mdi da dupc xiy dung tai Ba Vi (Hi Ndi), Phii Ldc CThiia Thifin-Hue) va Thanh Hda (Long An) nhim danh gii day du gii tri eua mgt sd xuit xii Trim nim g i n va Trim gid cajuput ciia ta, chpn ra mpt sd xuat xii cd ti-idn vgng dd phat h-idn vio san xuat
Ddn nay van chua cd mdt Udu chuan qudc td nao vd loai tinh dau ti-im giau l,8cmeoIe, song ttieo "Tii didn bich khoa cic hpp chit Uiidn nhifin ttidng ttiudng" cho ttiuc pham, dupc phim va my pham ttii Unh dau Tram cajuput (cho cac Ioai Unh dau giau 1,8- cinple) la cd ty lfi l,8<ineoIe 3«1%, ty Ie limonene (dupc cho Ii chat gay di img da) dudi 5% (Khan,
N6NG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN N 6 N G THON - K t 1 - THANG 9/2012 99
KHOA HOC C O N O NOHt
Abourashed, 2010). Tieu chuin chit Iupng ttnh diu
Trim c^uput dugc quy dlnh t?u Dupc didn Vidt Nam lit^ldL&cineoIhon 60X mi khdng cin tinh chi (^
Y td Vidt Nam, 2002; Bill Th( Bing, 2007). Ttah diu Trim c^uput Iogi mdt b Indonesia cd t^ Id l,8<IneoIe 62,8- 66,5% vdi t^ Id limonene 5,2-5,6* (Brophy and Doran, 1996). Vi Uid cic xuit xti trim dupc coi Ii cd Uidn vgng khi cd shih trudng nhanh, cd him Iupng Unh diu cao hon it nhit 50% so vdd Trim gid dia ta cimg hldi, cd t^ Id l,&cineoIe bing hoic cao hon Unh diu Trim cajuput hgng mdt ciia Indonesia vi cd t^ Id limonene dudi 5%.
I, Vltl Utu Vll PHUimii PHAr NGHCN Cdu
L Vit Udu nghidn cihl
Trim nim gin (M. qmnquenervia (Cav.) S.T.
Blake - k^ hidu Q) Ii mdt Uxrng nhOmg loii cd him Iupng Unh diu vi tJ Id l,&cineoIe cao nhit U-ong hon
40 loii ttim dupc nghidn cira (Brophy vi Doran, 1996), Ii loil mi Unh diu cd ba nhdm khic nhau (Ireland et al., 2002), Diy li loii ciy dugc phin bd d vimg ven bidn b cic bang Queensland (Qld) vi New Soutti Wales (NSW) cia Australia vi * Papua New Guinea (PNG), tit 8"21' ddn SS-SZ vi dd Nam, ttiin Uiing, cd flid cao 20-25 m (Boland et al., 2006). 6 Australia vi Papua New Guuiea Ioai niy xuit hifin d nhOng vimg dit cd dd cao tir 1 m ddn 500 m trdn mit bidn, phin bd d vl dd 8-34'' Nam. Nhidt dd tnmg hinh tdi cao Clia thing ndng nhit 34°C, nhidt dd tiimg i binh tdi fliip cua fliing Iinh nhit li 4-20°C. Lupng mua trung binh hing nim Ii 900-1250 mm/nim, . song cd flid sdng ft noi cd Iupng mua tiung binh 40O 650 mm/nim (Boland et al., 2006) .Cicxuit xii dimg khio nghidm do CSIRO ciia Australia cung cip (bingl).
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
B i n g l . Cic x u i t xii T r i m n i m Kin v i T i i m c ^ p u t dupc Gidng
Ql. M. quuiquenervia Q4. M. quuiquenervia Q5. M quuiquenervia Q6. M. quuiquenervia Q7. M. quinquenervia Q8. M. quinquenervia Q9. M quuiquenervia QIO. M. quuiquenervia Q l l . M. quuiquenervia Q13. M. quuiquenervia Q15. M. quuiquenervia Q16. M. quuiquenervia Q17. M. quuiquenervia Q18. M. quuiquenervia Q19. M. quinquenervia Q20. M. quuiquenervia Q21. M. quuiquenervia Q22. M. quuiquenervia Q23. M. quuiquenervia Cgpl. M. cajuputiT.gib Cgdl. Af. cajupud T.gid Cgth. M. cajuputi T.gid
Ky hidu 14902 15583 15866 15869 17516 17517 17518 18551 19224 20502 19634 19641 20861 20591 20593 20459 20424 15936 khg sd
Ten xuit xii MtMoIloyl301 Qld Ca78 km NE Gympie Qld Tozer's gapl302 Qld Rokeby NP1303 Qld Graceville Qld Bnbie Island Qld Dohles Rocks Qld Julatten Qld Kiriwo PNG Long Jetty NSW 5km West Malam PNG Baluno-Wasu Road PNG Cardwell Qld Worrel Creek NSW Howks Nest NSW Sydney planted NSW Tuggerah Lak Long Jetty NSW S. of Port Macquarie NSW Casino NSW
Phii Ldc OT-Hud) Dai Lii (Vinh Phiic) Thanh Hoi (Long An)
diioagfaidm Vidd 16-38 25-47 12-43 13-44 27-32 27-04 27-16 16-36 8-16 33-21 8 - 4 5 8- 04 18-15 30-45 32-40 33-52 33-21
31-30 28-52 16-15 21-20 10-38
Kuihdd 145-23 152-50 143-11 143-19 153-01 153-11 153-01 145-41 141-32 151-28 142-35 142-55 146-00 152-57 152-10 151-12 151-28 152-40 153-03 107-30 105-43 106-10
Dd cao (m) 375 40 120 500 30 10 20 400 45 2 45 5 20 6 90 5 1 25 5 30 5
Tram cajuput (M. cajuputi Powe- ky hidu C)
phan bd p Vidt Nam, Thii Lan, Indonesia vi Australia, gdm cic phin loii Melaleuca cajuputy subsp. cajuputi, M. cajuputi subsp. cumingianavi M.
cajuputy suhsp. platyphylla (Brophy, Doran, 1996).
Cic xuat xii Trim gid (Melaleuca cajuputy subsp.
cajuputi) Clia ta (ky hifiu Cg) dupc trdng ddi chiing Ii
Phu Lpc (Cgpl), Th?nh Hda (Cgfli) vi Dai Lai (Cgdl), Ii nhimg xuit xii cd ham Iupng Unh diu vi ty
IOO
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 9/2012le L&cineole cao nhit trong c i c gidng trim b i n dja (bangl).
2. Dja didm nghien ciiu
Nghifin Cliu khio nghidm xuit xir dupc tidn hanh t^ ba noi cd tinh dai difin cho ba vimg sinh thii li Ba Vi (Hi Ndi), Phd Ldc ClhCia Thidn - Hud) v i
•DianhHoaCLongAn).
+Tai Ba Vl (Hi Ndi) khio nghidm dupc ti-dng t?i dii dng TVim, thdn Cim Qu^, x i Cim Lmh.
+ T?i Phd Ldc CThiia Thidn-Hud) khio nghidm Jijjc tidng t?i ttidn Bdn Vin, x i Ldc Bdn.
+ T?i Thimh Hda (Long An) khio nghidm dugc h-dng t?i i p 2, x i Th?nh An.
Sd lidu khi h i u tsii cic dja didm khao nghidm dugc Iiy tii h-?m khi tupng g i n nhit theo c6ng bd ciia Tdng cue Khi tupng Thiiy vin (NguySn Trpng Hidu, 1990) cho ttiiy cic dja didm khio nghifim cd tmh d$c U-ung cho ba viing khi hiu, trong dd Ba Vi Ii noi cd tinh dai didn cho midn Bic, Phii Ldc li noi cd tinh d?i didn cho midn Trung, Thanh Hda Ii noi cd tinh d ^ didn cho midn Nam (bing 2).
Bing 2. D i e didm khi hiu tai cic noi khio nghifim trim Iiy tmh diu t ^ Vifit Nam Dja didm
BaVi Phii Ldc' Thanh Hda'
Kmhdd (dd, phut) 21,27 16,30 10,35
Vidd (dd, phut) 105,19 107,42 106,10
Lupng mua (mm/nim)
1680 2870 1450
Thing mua>100
mm IV-X VII-I sau
V-XI Iupng bdc hpi
(mm) 960 1000 1290
(Nguydn Trpng Hidu, 1990) Nhifit dd (°C) TB
nim 23.1 23,2 27,4
TCTB' thing ndng nhit
32,9 34,3 35,0
TTTB' thing Ianh nhat
13,1 17,2 21,6 Ghi chli. 1. TCTB: til cao tiimg bmh: 2. TTTB: tii tiiip tiung bmh; 3, 4, toa do nai Ou nghiim, sdliiu khi
noi gin nhit
mat tiling binh ddn cao (1,95-5,03%). Dit ngheo dam tdng sd (<0,1%) v i kali dd Ufiu (7,5-11,7 mg/100 g dit), ham lupng lin d ting m i t tii trung binh ddn cao (4,95-12,82 mg/100 g dat), ham lupng canxi va magifi p miic trung binh, thanh phan co gidi trung binh ddn ning (thit trung binh, thit ning).
Xic djnh ham lupng dnh dAu dupc tidn hanh tai Vifin Cai thifin gidng v i Phat tridn lim san.
Xic dinh thinh phan tinh dau dugc tien hanh tai Phdng Phin Uch ttiuOc Vien Dupc lieu (Ha Ngi) va Phdng Phan tich huu co thuftc Vien Hda hgc Cic hgp chat thifin nhifin.
3. Phuong phip nghifin cihi +Bi tri tiu nghiim
- Khio nghiim xuitxd. Khao nghifim dupc bd tri ttieo ttiidt kd khdi ngau nhifin 4 lan lip, mfti Ian 49 cay, ttieo khdi 7 x 7 ciy (Burley and Wood, 1976).
Khoang each trdng la 2 m x 1 m (5000 cay/ha), moi hd bdn lot 200 g phin NPK Ioai 5:10:3 d Ba Vi va Ioai 16:16:8 o Phu L6c va Thanh Hda.
- Xic dinh ham luong tinh dau Irong la tiroi ttieo phuong phip 16i cudn bing hoi nudc cd hdi luu ti-fin fliidt bi chung cat tinh dau cd hdi luu cua Hiep hgi Dupc pham chiu Au ttieo Dupc didn Vifit Nam (2002). Miu ggp la U-am tiroi dugc ttiu hii ti-ong Dat cua khu khao nghifim d Cam Qu^, Ba Vi, Ha
Npi la dat ddi lateriUc phit trien trfin sa thgch, dat sau khai ttiic rimg Keo tai tupng; ciy bui tham tuoi chli ydu la Thanh nganh (Cratoxylum cocbincblnensi), Man tang (Litsea cubebi), Biing buc (Malotus barbatusi, ... Bit cd PHKCI = 3,5- 3,7, ham lugng mim 1-3%, dam tdng sd <0,1%, dam dd tieu
<5 mg/lOO g dat, Ian dd Ufiu <5 mg/100 g dat, kaU dd tieu 142-169 mg/lOO g dat, ham Iupng canxi v i magifi tbap, ham Iupng nhom tuong ddi cao (4,87-5,90 Idl/lOO g dat), ttianh phin co gidi trung binh (thjt nhe den thit tiung binh).
Bat Clia khu khao nghifim o xa Ldc Bdn, huydn Phii Loc Ii dat ddi ieraliUc p h i t Uidn sa didp thach, tong ddi bJng phing. Diy I i dat sau khai thic rimg Keo lai; thttc bi la ciy bui tham tuoi nhu Ba soi [Macaranga dendculata), Thinh nganh,... D i t cd PHKO - 3,7-3,9, ngheo miin (<1%), dam tdng sd <0,1%, lan dS Ufiu >10 mg/100 g dit, kali dd Ufiu 3,4-13,7
•ng/lOO g dat, h i m Iupng canxi v i magifi ttiip, h i m lupng nhftm ttiip (0,60-0,78 Idl/lOOg dat).
Bat ciia khu khao nghifim tai xa Thanh An, huyen Thanh Hoa, tinh Long An la d i t ngip phdn;
•hijc bi li cd Nin (Eleocharis dulcis), cd Lac (Operas iria). H i m lugng nhdm rat cao (6,2-9,3 Ml/lOO g dat), pH - 2,98-3,79, ham Iupng miin o tang
N6NG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG T H 6 N - KV 1 - THANG 9/2012
101
KHOA HOC C O N O NOHt
nhihig ngiy khd rio, Idc 8-11 gid sing hoic 2-5 chidu, til tit c i cic ciy b mdi Iin lip, mdi ciy 45-50 li, Li d i Uiu hii (khoing 200 g) dugc cho vio binh ciu, dd 150-200 ml nudc, dun sdi U-dn bdp didn, Unh diu dupc kdo ttieo hoi nudc, sau khi qua hd Uiiing Iim I?nh dugc ngung ti; ti-dn buret, Udp ti,ic dun cho ddn liic Unh diu khdng ting ttidm nOa, dpc lugng Unh diu ttieo sd mililit (ml) dugc flid hidn ti-dn buret cd chia dd; tich Unh diu bing dng hiit. Thdi didm liy miu Ii vd chung cit cu flid dupc Uinh biy U-ong cic bing 3,4,5.
Xic dinh him lupng tinh ddu tinh tiieo khil lurmgliluaiaWtha^mXi bing cftng thiic:
Af;t0,9;cI00
Hlt% - -^ (1) Trong dft: N li lupng Unh d i u Unh flieo mililit
(ml); A Ii khdi Iupng m i u Ii ttioi dua v i chung c i t Unh ttieo gram (g); 0,9 Ii h i n g sd i p dung cho Unh dau cd ty trgng nhg hon nudc (0,9).
Xic dinh thanh phin tinh diu theo phuong phap sic ky khdi phd (GC/MS) v i do Vifin Hda hgc Cac hpp chit ttiien nhifin thiic hifin. Thifi't bj phin tich la miy sic ky khi HP 6890 ndi ghep vdi bd tach sdng khdi phd nhanh (agilent detector) 5973. Ty Id thinh phan tinh dau dupc xic djnh theo ngin hing du lieu Wiley 275 va Nist 98.
+ Thu thip vixuljisihiu
- Thu thap sdliiu sinh trupngDudng kinh gdc (Do) dupc do bing ttiudc kgp kinh p do cao cich mit dat 10 cm: chidu cao ciy (H) dupc do ddn didm viit ngnn; chidu rdng tin (Dt) dugc do d didm rgng nhat ciia tin.
Chi sd the tich Ov) dugc tinh flieo cong thiic Iv - D^H (Lfi Dinh Kha, 2003), la trj sd cho bidt flid tich tuong ddi ciia than ciy m i khdng phai thd Uch thyc.
-Xuly sdliiu theo cic phdn mdm EXCEL, SPSS (Nguydn Hai Tuat, Ngd K m Khdi, 1996; Nguydn Hai Tuat, Nguydn Trpng Binh, 2005) v i mdt sd chuong trinh mdi khac.
Phin tich phuong sai mgt nhin td theo phin mdm SPSS. Kdt qua phin tich ANOVA khi Sig <0,05 dugc coi la cic cftng thiic cd sai khac theo cic chl tifiu nghifin Cliu, khi Sig>0,05 thi sai khac gitia cic cftng thiic vd chi Ufiu nghifin ciiu chua du ldn.
Khoing sai dl tdi ttiidu cd i nghia Oeast significant difference - LSD)
J!
L S D . * '^ (2) Trong dd: SN l i phuong sai chung udc Iupng
bing UTing binh sai sd binh phuong trong nhdm; to Ii gii tfi t ciia b i n g Stiident; r la sd Iin lip ti-ong ttii nghidm.
Tuong t i c xuit xii-Iip dja dupc dinh gii qua hd sd tuong quan r (Nguydn Hii Tuit, Ngd Krni Khdi, 2009) glGa c i c noi khio nghifim theo cic chi tifiu nghifin ctiu chu ydu nhu dudng kinh, chidu cao, chi sd thd Uch, h i m Iupng Unh d i u v i ty Id l,8cineole U-ong Unh diu.
r. V e ^ (3)
Trongdd:Qxy-2!-^ . (Z,-^).(I.^)/n Qx.
Qx-
-(^'')Vn
102
jt v i y Ii hai dai Iupng quan s i t 6 timg cip lap dja ttl ?o cac chi tifiu nghidn ciiu (Do, H, Iv, HIt%, ty Id l,8-.-ineoIe). r <0,3 I i hiong quan ydu; r - 0,3 - 0,5 la tuong quan vira phii; r - 0,50,7 Ii tuong quan tuong ddi chit; r - 0,7-0,9 I i tuong quan c h i t r >0,9 Ii hrong quan r i t chit (Nguydn Hai Tuat, Ngft Kim Khoi, 2009).
a. KtT qui wwiv taw Vi DUO LUAN
1. Khio nghidm x u i t xii tai Ba Vi, Phu LOc va ThgnhHda
Cic xuit xii dupc trdng t ^ Ba Vi, H i Ngi (thing 8 nam 2008), t?i Phu Lge, Thira Thidn-Hud (fliang 1 nim 2009) v i tai Thanh Hda, Long An (ttiing 2 nim 2009). Trong dd, k h i o nghidm d Ba Vi chi trdng nhQng xuit xii mdi m i n i m 2005 chua trdng va xuit xu Q4 dupc dimg Iam ddi chiing.
Khio nghiim xuit xd tai Ba Vi (U-dng thing 8/2008)
Dinh g i i sinh trudng ciia cac xuat xii sau 2,5 nim tai Ba Vi (bang 3) cho thay cac xuat xii cd sinh trupng nhanh nhat tai day I i Q17, Q15, Q23 ciia Tram nim g i n va x u i t xii Thanh Hda cua Tran cajuput, cd chi sd thd tich tuong ling la 21,27,17,79 NONG NGHlfP VA PHAT TRIEN N 6 N G THON - K t 1 - THANG 9/20i;
KHOA HOC CONO NOHt
16,49 vi 20,41. Nhdm thii hai cd smh UTidng nhanh Ii 13,44-14,49). Nhdm cd sinh tiudng chim nhit Ii xuit cac xuit xii Q16, Q17, Q21 v i Q22 (cd chi sd ttid tich xti Phii Ldc ciia Trim gid, cd chi sd ttid tich 5,08.
Bing 3. Sinh trudng, h i m Iupng v i fliinh phin Unh diu cic xuit xii tiim tai Ba Vi (ti-dng fliing 8/2008, do v i chung c i t tinh diu fliing 12/2010) TT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Xuit xii Q4 Q15'»
Q16'»
Q17 Q18 Q19 Q20 Q21 Q22 Q23»i Cgtti Cgpl TB Sig LSD
Sinh Iv
^ 13,74 17,79 13,52 21,27 12,86 11,23 14,99 14,47 13,44 16,49 20,41 5,08 14,61
<0,01 5,19
rudng Dt(m)
0,78 1,07 1,08 0,84 0,81 0,75 0,81 0,75 0,77 1,10 1,16 0,81 0,89
<0,01 0,10
Hit (%) X 1,33 1,44 1,35 0,88 0,96 0,47 0,69 0,32 0,82 1,49 0,71 0,87 0,87
<0,01 0,14
V%
7,1
5,1 4,5 9,5 12,4 11,7 30,5
10,8 7,8
Thinh phin (%) l,&cineole
57,29 75,07 65,48 67,28 48,66 14,33 35,78 5,11 50,12 72,44 9,59 14,32
terpiinen4-ol 0,98 0,93 1,89 1,26 0,78 0,33 1,70 0,35 0,82 4,04 2,69 2,60
limonene 5,40 2,44 3,20 3,21 7,31 2,08 6,30 1,43 5,47 2,76 2,5 1,97
Ghicbu. (1) Him lupng vi thinh phdn tmh dau xac Tuy vay, nhiing xuat xii cd dudng kinh tan ldn nhat lai li cac xuat xii Q15, Q16, Q23 (tiiong iing li 1,07 m, 1,08 m v i 1,10 m) va xuit xii Thanh Hoa cua Tram cajuput (Dt = 1,16 m), cic xuat xii cdn Iai cd dudng kinh tan la thay ddi trong khoang 0,750,84 m.
Danh gii khao nghifim b giai doan 2 tudi cho Uiay ham Iupng Unh d i u trung binh ciia cic xuit xii la 0,80%, frong dd Q15 (Malam, PNG) Ii xuit xii cd Wen vgng nhat (1,19%), sau dd Ii cic xuit xu Q16 (1,09%) vi Q23 (1,14%) cd ty Id l,8K:ineole tiiong iing li 69,07%, 64,46% va 71,05%, cd ty lfi limonene tiiong ling 14 3,49%, 3,07% va 0% (Khuit Thi Hai Ninh, Nguyfin Thi Thanh Hudng, 2011). Xuat xir Q4 tiiy cd ham Iupng tinh d i u 1,33%, song ty lfi l.Scineole chi IM 57,29%, frong khi ty 14 hmonene l i 5,4%, cao hon miic 5% ttieo gidi thifiu tinh d i u cajuput (Khan, Abourashed, 2010). Cdc xuat xii Phu Lge v i Thanh Hoa cua Trim cajuput vira cd ham Iugng tinh dau thap (tiiong ung la 0,87 v i 0,71%) vira cd ty Id 1,8- cmeole r i t ttiap (hrong ling la 14,32% v i 9,59%),
^ihfing dap ling yeu ciu thi trudng (bing 3).
dinh thing 12 nim 2011, liy theo miu gdp.
Xac dinh ham Iupng v i thanh phan tinh dau thing 12 nim 2011 (3,3 tudi) cho thay cac xuit xii Q15, Q16, Q23 cd ham lugng va chat Iupng tinh dau ting lfin dang ke; frong dft Q15 cd ham Iugng tinh diu 1,44%, ty lfi l,8<;ineole 75,07%, ty Id limonene 2,44%; Q23 cd cic chi tifiu Ufin tirong ling Ii 1,49%, 72,44% va 2,76%; Q16 cd cac chi tifiu frfin hrong iing la 1,35%, 65,48% v i 3,20% (bang 3).
Til khao nghidm xuat xii tai Ba Vi cd did ttiiy 2 xuit xii cd ham Iupng tinh dau cao, ty Id l,8cmeole frong Unh dau >65% va ty 16 limonene 0 - 3,49% l i Q15 va Q23, Udp dd la xuit xii Q16.
Ngoai ra, frong khao nghifin tidng nim 2005, chung cit tinh diu tiling 1/2008 cho ttiiy cic xuit xii Q4 va Q8 cd him lugng ttnh dau 1,79% va 1,86%
vdi ty lfi l,8cineoIe 75,72% v i 78,59%, ty 16 limonene 2,77% v i 2,25% (Lfi Dinh Kha v i cs., 2008), song chung cat ttiing 2 nim 2009 cho thiy hai xuat xii nay van gift dupc him Iugng tinh diu tuong img la 1,71%
vd 1,78%, cdn ty Id l,8^;ineoIe chi hiong ung Ii 58,94%
va 64,72% (Khuit Thi Ninh, 2009).
N6NG NGHIEP V A PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 9/2012 103
KHOA HOC C 6 N 0 NOHt
Khio nghiim xuit xii t^ PhO Lie (U-dng Uiing 1/2009)
Dinh g i i t^ Id sdng trong khio nghidm xuit xti tfd Phii Ldc dr giai do(m 10 fliing Uidi cho fliiy mdt sd xuit xit cd t^ Id sdng hiong ddi cao Ii Cgfli, Q22, Q8, Q9 v i Cgpl (cd t^ Id sdng htong ilng l i 95%, 85%, 83,3%, 84,2% v i 83,3%); c i c xuit xii cdn lii cd t^ Id sdng Uvng binh (60-79,2%); ba xuit xii cd t^ Id sdng fliip nhit Ii Cgdl, Q13 v i Q16 (t^ Id sdng hrong iing l i 27,2%, 40% vi 48,3%).
Dinh g i i sinh Uvdng b giai d o ^ 2 nim tiidi cho ttiiy t«i Phii Ldc (bing 4) xuit xii cd shih Uvdng nhanh nhit l i Q8 v i Q9 Ov • 61,5 - 62,5); cic xuit xii Q15 v i Q23 ttiudc nhdm tivng binh Ov - 32,6-34,12), cic xuit xii Trim gid ciia Vidt Nam nhu Th?nh Hda, Phii Ldc v i Dai Lii, shih tnidng rit chim (Iv tuong ling Ii 22,67,16,80 vi 2,30).
Xic d|nh h i m lupng Hnh diu * giai doan mdt nam tiidi (bing 4) cho thiy c i c xuit xu Q8 v i Q4 cd him lupng Unh diu cao nhit (tiiong ling l i 1,43% vi 1,35%), song IJ Id l^chieole chi dfit 56,15% vi 59,63%. Cic xuit xii Q9, Q15, Q16 v i Q23 cd him Iupng tinh diu 1,06 - 1,19%, cd tJ Id LJkineoIe cao (64,33 • 67,45%). Cic xuit xii cdn Ui cd him Iupng Unh diu (0,51 • 1,14SS), tJ Id l,ftchieole 12,18-59,63%.
Ridng xuit xir Q17 cd tJ Id 1,8-cineole 65,95%, song him lupng ttnh diu chi 0,92%. Vi flid, dinh gii him Iupng v i chit Iupng Unh diu dr giai d o ^ 2,5 nim tudi ch! tip tnmg cho c i c xuit xii Q9, Q15, Q16, Q23 vi cic xuit Xii Trim gid oia ta. d giai dojn niy (ttiing 5 nim 2011) c i c xuit xii Q4, Q8, Q15, Q16, Q23 cd him luong Unh diu 1,09-1,44%, cao hon 51,3-1223 so vdi c i c xuit xii Trim cajuput cua ta cimg tudi (him lupng Unh diu 0,634,72%) (bing 4).
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
Bing 4. Shih tnidng, him lupng v i chit lupng Unh diu c i c xuit xii trim t«i Phii Ldc (frdng ttidng 1/2009)
Xuit xii Ql Q4 Q5
^ 7 Q8 Q9 QIO Q l l Q13 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 Q19 Q20 Q21 Q22 Q23 Cgfli Cgpl Cgdl TB Sig LSD
Thing 12/2010 Sinh trudng
Iv 29,17 43,22 50,14 22,67 62,51 61,65 37,43 40,29 29,45 32,60 20,55 41,22 44,92 36,04 37,82 48,81 49,98 34,12 22,67 16,80 2,30 36,40
<0,01 19,46
Dt(m) 0,92 0,95 1,11 0,87 1,09 0,97 0,96 1,17 0,91 1.24 1,15 1,01 0,95 0,97 0,99 0,99 1,05 1,22 0,87 0,94 0,50 1,00
<0,01 0,23
Tinh dau (%) HU
0,52 1,35 0,61 1,14 1,43 1,06 0,65 1,15 0,51 1,19 1,19 0,92 1,08 0,51 0,99 0,48 0,75 1,19 0,90 0,54 0,96
<0,01 0,11
l,8<-ineole 59,63 58.57
«).55 51.62 56,15 65,84 33,06 58,71 16,94 67,45 64,33 65,95 45,16 12,18 40,30 17,19 46,02 67,13 10,63 33,04
limonene 3,44 6.11 5.(»
5.M
T h i n g 6/2011 Tinh dau (%) Hit
1.17
l,&<ineole 66.71
1.44 ' 64,54 4,89 1.08 2,70
4,70 3,35 4.25
4,29 2,36 3.88
1.09 1.17
1,40 0,63 0.72 0.63
57.73
73,82 18,83 29.26 51,95
limonene 3,44
5,71
3,40
3,03 2,28 3,10 5,22
Khio nghiem xuitxd tai Thanh Hda (trdng tiling 2nim 2009)
104 N 6 N G NGHlfP VA PHAT TRIEN N 6 N G T H 6 N • KY 1 - T H A N G 9/2012
Dinh gii h i m Iupng v i chit Iupng Unh diu cho thiy chi xuit xii Q23 Id cd fridn vpng (him lupng tinh diu 1,40%, ty Id l,&cmeoIe 73,82%, Ihnonene 3,03X). Xuit xii Q4 hiy cd t^ Id l,8<meoIe 66,71%, song him lupng Unh d i u chi djt 1,17% (chung c i t thing 12/2010 cd h i m Iupng 1,35%, song ty Id 1,8- cineole chi 58,57%). Xuit xii Q8 cd h i m Iupng tinh dau 1,44%, ty Id l,8cineoIe 64,54%, t^ Id limonene 5,71%, chua ttiit su cd gii til.
Cic xuit xii Thanh Hda, Phu Ldc v i Dji Lii ciia Trim gid d giai doan 2 n i m tudi cd h i m Iupng Unh dSu tuong ling Ii 0,63%, 0,72% v i 0,63% vdi t^ Id 1,8- cineole tirong ling Ii 18,83%, 29,26% v i 51,95%.
Nghifin aiu trudc diy cho thiy Trim gid Iiy tir ciy tv nhifin liu nim tai c i c tinh Binh Trj Thidn cQng cd t^
Id l,&craeoIe I i 46,9 - 72%, song h i m lupng ttnh diu chi dat 0,33 - 0,78% ffiio Trgng Hung, 1995).
Sd Iidu ttiu ttiip b giai dosm 2 nim hidi cho ttiiy tai Thimh Hda ti-ong 19 xuit xii cd 11 xuit xii cd 1^ Id sdng cao (92-100%), xuit xii cd t^ Id sdng ttiip nhit (Q7) ctmg d?t 72,5%, frong dd nhdm sinh tivdng nhanh Ii Q20, Q l l , Q15; nhdm cd sinh tivdng tirung binh Ii cic xuit xil Q16, Q8 v i Q23 v i Cgtti; cic xuit Xll cdn lai (ti-ong dd cd Cgpl) ttiudc nhdm sinh tivdng chim (bing 5). Ngoii ra, sd Iidu b cic bing 3, 4 v i 5 CQng cho ttiiy cic xuit xii frong mdi loii khftng nhiing cd sinh trudng khic nhau frong timg noi khao nghidm, m i ciy frdng a Thanh Hda cOng cd sinh tivdng nhanh hon so vdi frdng Phu LOc vi Ba Vi.
Bing 5. H i m Iupng v i chit Iupng Unh diu cic xuit xii trim t ^ Thanh Hda
(ddng tiling 2/2009, chung dt tiling 2/2010 vi diing 2/2011) Xuit
Xll
QI Q4 05 07
«8 Q9 Qll QI3 015 Q16 Q17 Q18 Q19 QSO Q21 Q»
023
cnh
CM
Cfdi TB _Sig_LSD
Sinh tnrdng (do thing
2/2011) Iv 20,56 22,34 43,62 26,39 24,99 57,76 68,49 28,83 70,10 29,78 42,08 16,64 36,95 86,20 30,31 22,62 20,79 30,79 13,71 9,24 35,41 0,025 40,25
Dt(m) 1,15 0,96 1,36 1,17 1,18 1,64 1,81 1,18 1,68 1,70 1,43 1,13 1,10 1,77 1,33 1,05 1,35 1,31 1,32 0,74 1,32 0,022 0,560
Him Iupng vi chit lupng tinh diu Thing 2/2010
H M 0,41 1,13 0,45 0,68 1,04 0,99 0,90 0,36 1,04 0,90 0,63 0,81 0.54 0,68 0,32 0,63 0,86 0,63 0,45
.
0,71
l.Scineole (%) 62,11 50,58 62,66 50,26 58,15 64,28 61,37 2,99 70,11 65,09 29,04 44,17 22,31 62,33 7,67 52,18 66,47 13,64 30,01
Limonene (%) 3,86 5,54 4,40 6,98 5,77 4,44 3,81 0,37 4,23 3,37 5,95 7,97 2,26 4,12 3,20 5,78 2,99 2,37 2,95
Thing 2/2011 Hlt%
1,49
1,58
1,75 1,71
1,62 0,99 0,77 0,54
l,8cineoIe (%) 66,36
68,87
71,12 68,20
71,30 0,21 60,69
38,23
Limonene (%) 4,30
3,57
3,58 2,58
2,92 1,61 3,09 5,62
Xac dinh h i m Iupng v i chit Iugng Unh d i u (hang 5) chn ttiiy sau n i m thii n h i t Q4, Q8 va Q14 Ii nhGng xuat xii cd h i m Iupng tinh d i u cao nhit l*(ta)ng ling l i 1,13%, 1,04% v i 1,08%), song tJ 16 1,8-
ctaeole cua cic xuat xii nay tuong ling Ii 50,58%, 58,15% va 13,72%, khdng dat ydu ciu chgn gidng. Cac xuat xil Q15, Q16 v i Q23 cd h i m Iupng Unh dau tiiong ling la 1,04%, 0,90% v i 0,86%, ty Ie l,&cineole
N6NG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - K t 1 - T H A N G 9/2012
1Q5
KHOA HQC C O N O NOHt
hiong ling li 70,11%, 65,09% vi 66,47% (ttiudc nhdm
cd chit Iupng Unh diu cao nhit), vi thd, nim 2011 chi xic dlnh him Iupng vi chit lupng Unh diu cho cic xuit xii Q4, Q8, Q15, Q16 vi Q23. Kdt qui nghidn Cliu cho thiy b giai Ao^n 2 nim tudi cic xuit xii QS, Q15, Q16 vi Q23 cd him lupng Unh diu 1,58-1,71%, t^ Id LSclneoIe 68,2a71,30%, t} Id limonene Ii 2,58- 3,58%, hoin toin dip ling Udu chuin cda ttnh diu lo^
mdt frdn thd gidi. Xuit xti Q4 cd him lupng tinh diu 1,46%, I* Id l,8<:ineoIe 66,36%, t^ Id limonene 4,30%
cOng li mdt xuit xii cd fridn vpng t^ Thanh Hda.
Hon nOa, cic xuit xii Q15, Q16 vi Q23 tai Thanh Hda cOng cd him Iupng Unh diu sau 2 nim cao hon rO rdt so vdi tai Phd Ldc vi Ba Vi.
Sd lifiu dr bing 5 cOng cho thiy cic xuit xii Ql vi Q5 dupc Phimg Cim Th^ich vi cdng si; (2000) chgn Igc t?i Th?nh Hda trong khio nghidm niy chi cd him Iupng Unh diu hrong ung Ii 0,41 vi 0,45%, Uiip hon rit nhidu so vdi cic xuit xii khic, thim chi chi bing hoic ttiip hon cic xuit xii Phu Ldc vi Thanh Hda frong Trim gid ciia ta (him Iupng Unh diu tuong ung Ii 0,45% vi 0,63%), hon niia ty Id l,8cuieoIe cua cic xuit xii niy tiiong iing cOng khdng d?t ydu ciu nhumijc Ufiu dd ra (62,11% vi 62,66%).
Cic xuit Xll Phu Ldc vi Thanh Hda cua Trim gid khdng nhiing sinh Uvdng chim mi him Iupng Unh diu CQng rit Uiip (hiong ling Ii 0,45% vi 0,63%) vdi ty Id l,&cineoIe hrong ling li 30,01% vi 13,64%.
Trim gid Iiy tii ciy ti; nhifin liu nim tai Long An tuy ty Id l,8cineole cd Uid dat 64 - 68%, song him Iupng Unh theo li khd chi djt 2,05 - 2,57%, tuong duong 0,74 - 0,92% Unh flieo Ii tiroi (Nguydn Vidt Cudng, Pham Due Tuin, 2008).
2. Tirong tic xuit xil-Iip dja vd sinh trudng vi Unh diu
Tuong tic xuit xil-Iip dja dr Trim nim gin dupc dinh gii cho cic xuit xii cd mit d ci 3 khio nghidm, qua hd sd tiiong quan cip ddi giQa cic lip dja, ttieo cic chi tifiu dudng kinh, chidu cao, chi sd Uid Uch, him Iupng Unh ddu (Unh ttieo Ii tiroi) vi ty Id 1,8- cmeole frong Unh diu dgiai doan 2 tiidi (bing 6). Sd Udu d bang 6 cho ttiiy sinh trudrng chidu cao cd hiong quan hiong ddi chit (r - 0,54-0,60) giaa cic noi khio nghifim, frong khi dudng kinh gdc vi chi sd flid Uch lai cd tiiong quan ydu ddn hojc tuong ddi ydu giiia cic noi khao nghifim (rj - -0,190,43, r„ - 0,04- 0,38), die bifit sinh tivdng dudng kinh vi thd tich ttiin ciy d Ba Vi vi Th?nh Hda hdu nhu khdng cd
tuong quan vdi nhau, thim chi tirong quan im (r^ - - 0,19, r,, - 0,04), nghia li mOt xuit xil cd dudng kinh gdc nhd dr Ba Vi Ijd ldn dr Thanh Hda vi ngugc lai.
TVong khi him lupng vi chit lugmg tinh diu, chi tidu quan frpng nhit frong chgn gidng trim Iiy Unh diu, cd tuong quan chit hoic rit chit giQa ba noi khio nghidm (r - 0,794,97), cho phdp ip dgng kdt qui chgn gidng Iiy Unh diu tir lip dja niy cho lip dja khic. Ndi cich khic, him Iupng Unh diu vi t^ lfi 1,8^
cineole it bidn ddng theo didu kidn lip dja, frong khi cic chi Udu sinh trudng b cic xuit xii Iai chju inh hudng ciia didu kidn lip dja.
Bing 6. Hd sd tuong quan vd sinh tnrdng vi tinh diu glOs cic noi khio nghidm (Ba VI, Phu Ldc vi Thanh Hda) dcic xuit Xll Ti-im nfim gin vi Tiim cajuput dr
giai do jn 2 ludi
Chi U6u
Dirong kinh g6c (Do) Chifiu cao (H) Chi sci Ihd tich Ov) Ham luong tinh d i u (Hlt%) Tylfi 1.8-cineole
Hfi sd tuong quan (r) B a V i -
PhiiLftc 012
0.54 0.20 0,86 0.97
B a V i - -ThanhHfta
0,43
0,54 0,38 0,89 0.80
PhiiL^c- Thanh Hfta
•0,19
0,60 0,04 0,94
079
3. Khi ning ra chdi ciia mdt sd xuit xtt cd tridn vgngtfiBaVl
Nghidn ciiu khi ning ra chdi vi khdi lugng Ii hroi Clia cic xuit xu cd tiidn vpng nhit (Q15, Q16 vi Q23) t?i Ba Vi (bing 7) bing cich cit gdc d cic dg cao khic nhau (0,10,15, 30 vi 50 cm) d giai doan 20 ttiing hldi cho fliiy, Q15 li xuit xil cd khi ning ra chdi Idn nhit, sau khi cit gdc 7 tiling xuit xii niy cd i sd lupng chdi nhidu nhit, dudrng kinh chdi vi chidu cao chdi cung ldm nhit Diy cung Ii xuit xii cd : dudng kinh tin Ii Idn nhit (3,69 choi/ciy), cd khdi lupng Ii hroi 812 g. Cic xuit xil Q16, Q23 cd kha ning ra chdi it hon, dudng kinh gdc va chieu cao ddu ; kdm hon xuit xit Q15, cd khdi luong Id tiroi tuong , ung li 625,6 g, 559,4 g. Xuit xii Q4, mgt xuat xu cd ' tridn vgng frong khio nghidm dpt 1 tai Ba Vi, hiy cd flid dat 3,51 chdi/ciy, song dudng kinh chdi, chidu ' cao chdi vi chidu rpng tin ddu kdm cic xuit xil ndi ' frdn, cd khdi lupng li 355,7 g/ciy, chi bing 43,7%'' khdi lupng li cua xuit Xll Q15. Chung td Q15, Q16 va Q23 (die bidt Q15) Ii nhQng xuit xir vira cd chit ' lupng tinh ddu cao, vua cd khi ning ra chdi cao vi cd '
106
N 6 N G N G H I | P V A PHAT TRIEN N 6 N G T H O N - K V 1 . T H A N G 9/2012^sinh khdi li ldn frong khao nghidm t?i Ba Vi, diy cQng Ii nhung xuit xii cd tridn vpng t?i Thjinh Hda.
Bing 7. K h i n i n g ra chdi v i khdi lupng Ii Uiol mdt sd xuit xii Trim nim g i n tai Ba VI (frdng 8/2008, cit gdc 4/2010, do 11/2010)
Xuit Xll Q15 Q16 Q23 Q4 TB Sig LSD
Sd chdi/ciy
1
3,69 3,24 3,25 3,51
V,%
0,7 3,4 0,9 3,9 3,42 0,0007
0,17
D chdi(cm)
J
1,36 1,17 1.17 1,13
V,%
7,7 9,0 10,9 23,1 1,21 0,3576
0,31
HchdKm)
H
1,84 1,53 1,44 1,21
V,%
3,0 5,8 3,3 11,0 1,50 0,0001
0,16
D t i n ( m )
H
0,98 0,88 0,88 0,67
V,%
0,3 1,4 2,6 5,5 0,85
<,0001 0,04
Khdi Iupng Ii(g)
J
812,11 625,60 559,40 355,07
V,%
2,1 0,4 2,8 4,5 588,M
<,0001 26,49 Xic dinh vio ttiing 12 n i m 2011 cung fliiy khdi
lil?ng li cua ciy khdng xii I^ chit chdi b cic xuit xii Q15, Q16, Q23 hrong ung I i 728 g/ciy, 813 g/ciy v i 870 g/ciy, hpng khi ciia xuit xii Q4 l i 506 g/ciy.
Chiing td Q15, Q16 v i Q23 I i nhQng xuit xii vira cd hta lugng tinh diu cao, ty Id l,8<ineole ldn, vira cd khdi lugng la Idn.
H.IEIUMN
Danh gia d giai doan 2-3 n i m tudi cho khio nghifim 20 xuit xii T r i m n i m g i n frdng 2008-2009 lai Ba Vi, Phu Ldc v i Thanh Hda, fren co so kdt thua ket qui khio nghifim xuat xii frdng n i m 2005 tai Ba Vl, ddi chung vdi c i c xuat xii T r i m gid Iiy tu Phll Lftc vi Thanh Hda cd thd di ddn mdt sd nhin djnh chinh sau diy:
- Ciy tiim hdng khao nghidm tai Ba Vi cd sinh tniong chim hon rft rdt so vdi trdng tai Phu IDc vi Ihailli Hda; him Iupng Unh dau frong l i v i ty Id 1,8- oneole tiong Unh d i u ting ldn theo tiidi ciy. d giai doan 2 nim tiidi sinh tnrong chidu cao cd tuong quan taong ddi chit giua c i c noi khao nghidm, sinh Imong dudng kinh v i thd tich thin ciy vd co ban giftng cd tirong quan giira c i c noi khao nghidm, him luong dnh diu v i ty Id l,&cmeoIe cd hrong quan chit v^ rit chit giQa cic noi khio nghifim.
-Tiam nim gin Id loii cd smh tiudng tnmg bmh
^ nhanh, co him Iupng tinh diu v i thinh phin tinh ilii thay ddi theo cic xuit xii, frong dd cd mpt sd xuat Sivira cd sinh tivong nhanh, vira cd h i m Iupng tinh
*i cao va ty Id l,&cineoIe Idn hon 65%. Tram gid cd
^ t a i Vidt Nam sinh trudng chim hoic r i t chim bifit li xuit xQ Dai Lai) so vol Trim n i m gin va ita Iupng tinh dau ttiip (0,63-0,99%) v i ty lfi 1,8-
*eole lit ttiip hoic ttiip (14,3%«)%).
- Tai Ba Vi sau 2 nim, cic xuit xil Qld, Q16 va Q23 cd h i m lupng tinh diu 1,19%, 1,09% v i 1,14%, ty Id l,&cineoIe 69,09% v i 71,05%, t? Id Umonene 3,49%
vi 0%; sau 3 nim cd him lupng tinh diu tuong ung l i 1,44%, 1,35% v i 1,49%; t^ Id l,&cineoIe tiiong ilng 75,07%, 65,48% v i 72,44%. Q15, Q16 v i Q23 cung Ii nhQng xuit xii cd khdi luong l i Idn hon Q4 tai Ba Vi.
- Tai Phd Ldc b giai doan 2 nim tudi xuit xil Q23 cd h i m luong Unh diu 1,40%, ty lfi l,8<dneoIe 73,82%, ty Id Umonene 3,03%; xuit xu Qld cd ham lupng tinh diu 1,1W6, tJ 16 l,8cineoIe 67,13%, tj 16 limonene 3,35%; xuit xQ Q4 cd cic chi tifiu frfin tiiong ung la L17%, 66,71% v i 3,44% v i cung Ii mdt xuit xii cd tridn vgng.
- Tai Thanh Hda cic xuit xil Q8, Q15, Q16 vi Q23 d giai doan 2 nim tudi cd h i m Iugng tinh diu 1,58- 1,75%, ty Id l,8cineoIe 68,2 - 71,3%, ty Id limonene 2,58 - 3,58%. Eidng xuit xil Q4 cd ty Id tinh dau 1,49%, t? 16 l,8cineoIe 66,36%, tyld hmonene i^"*-
- Q15, Q16 va Q23 la nhimg xuit xil cd sudi tivdng nhanh, khdi lugmg I i Idn, h i m Iupng v i chit Iupng tinh diu cao. Trong dd Q23 cd fridn vpng d 3 noi khao nghidm; Q15, Q16 cd fridn vgng dTh?nh Hda v i Ba Vi; Q4, Q8 va Q16 cd tiidn vgng tai Thanh Hda.
Til l I U THAM KHiO
1. Bd Y td Vidt Nam, 2002. Dugc didn Vifit Nam.
Nhi xuit ban Y hgc. H i Nfti.
2. Boland D. J., M. V. H. Brooker, G. M.
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SOME PROMISING PROVENANCES OF MELALEUCA QUINQUENERVWmm 1,8CINE0LE RICH IN VIETNAM
Le Dinh Kha, Nguyen TU Thanh Huong, K. Pinyopusareifc Summary
-Three germplasm trials invoMng 20 provenances of Melaleuca quinquenervia (Q) and 3 local provenances of M. cajupud su\39p. caiupud (Cgl were planted at Ba Vi (Ha NoO, Phu Loc (Thua Thien-Hue province) and Thanh Hoa (Long An province) in 2008-2009 on the base of inherited results from provenance trial planted in 2005 at Ba Vi. Promising provenances after 2-3 year planting at Ba Vi were Q15 (West Malam, PNG), Q16 (Balimo-Wasua Road, PNG) and Q23 (Casino, NSW) which were fast growing and had high leaf biomass witti essenUal oil content of 1.44%, 1.49% and 1.35%, and l,8cineale ratio of 75.07%, 65.48% and 72.44%, respectively. These three provenances also performed well at Thanh Hoa recording essential oil content of 1.75%, 1.71% and 1.62%, and l,8<ineole ot 71.12%, 68.20% and 71.30%, respectively Q4 (NE Gympie, Qld) and Q8 (Bribie Island, Qld) were also promising at Thanh Hoa having high essentia] oil content (1.49-1,58%) and high l,8<ineole ratio (66.36 68.87%). At Phu Loc, the most promising provenance was Q23 with 1.40% essential oil content and 73.62% l,8eineole, while Q15 and Q16 performed poorly at this site. Local M. cajuputi provenances (especially Dai Lai provenance) grew slower than M.
quinquenervia and had low oil essential content (0.630.99%) and l,8eineole ratio (14-60%). There are closse to highly close correlative between 3 trial sites of trials in essential oil and l.S^ineole (r = 0.79 - 0.97), while no or weak correlation in diameter and stem volume index (r - 0.04 - 0.43), and relativevely close correlation in high growing.
Key world: Melaleuca quinquenervia, provenance trials, od content, l.Sculeoie.
Ngudi phin bidn: PGS.TS. Pham Vin Didn Ngiy nhin bii: 13/6/2012
Ngiy ttiftng qua phin bidn: 30/8/2012 Ngiy duydt ding: 6/9/2012
108 NONG NGHlfP VA PHAT TRIEN N 6 N G THON - KY 1 - T H A N G 9/2012
