Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe m o
NGHIEN ClAJ VA SAN XUAT CHAT DEO LAM CHAT DINH KET NEO COT THEP AP DUNG TRONG CAC CONG TRJNH NGAM VA CAC DU0NG LO
t r o n g cac mo t h a n h a m 16 V i e t IVam
After providing the properties and specification, this paper introduces some initial results from the study and manufacture of resin rock anchor in Vietnam as well as its pilot applications at some underground coal mines in Quang Ninh coal basin.
ThS. NGUViN V A N PHUONG KS. PHAM TIEN VU
Vien Khoa hoc Cong nghe Mo - TKV KS. VU TAN CANH
Vien Vat lieu - Vien Khoa hoc Viet Nam
Tom tat
Trong phUdng phap thi cdng ham Id mdi thi viec gia cd ngay de tao cho khdi da tu mang tai la mdt yeu to quan trpng trong cPng tac gia cd ban dau. d trong cac dieu kien bien ham Id cd hinh dang phLfc tap thi viec sir dung cac ket cau chdng truyen thdng nhu khung chdng thep Idng mang hoac kieu chU I td ra bat Ipi. Trong trUdng hpp nay neo ket hpp be tdng phun (BTP) ddi khi cd ket hpp ludi thep td ra cd uu the vupt trdi.
Ddi vdi he thdng chdng Id bang neo bang neo be tdng cot thep (BTCT), viec pha v6 dat da bang khoan - nd min de tien gUdng gay ra cac anh hudng bat Ipi cho he thdng neo vCra lap la rat Idn do vija lien ket neo va thanh dat da chUa dat. Nguyen nhan chi'nh d chd vilfa be tdng cua trong Id neo chUa dat du cudng do, trong khi dd viec thi cdng thi khdng the dUng lai de chd vCfa neo du cudng dp (ke ca ngay nay ngudi ta da cd SLf dung phu gia ddng cung nhanh thi thdi gian cung van bi gian doan). Vdi Uu diem kha nang chiu tai cao va tifc thdi ngay sau khi lap dat, neo chat deo da giai quyet dUpc van de nay.
Bai viet nay cac tac gia de cap
den mpt sd hieu biet cd ban, cac ket qua ban dau ve nghien CL/U, san xuat neo chat deo, mdt sd ket qua thCr nghiem tai Viet Nam.
Ljch sur
TU nhung nam 50 cua the ky trudc, d nhCmg nUdc cd nen cdng nghiep md phat trien nhu Tay DLTC, Ba Lan, My, Phap, Lien Xd (cu), Trung Qudc da dUa neo chat deo vao sCf dung. Theo thdng ke sd bd tai thdi diem nhung nam 90 cua the ky trudc mdi nam d My sir dung 20 trieu chiec neo chat deo cot thep, Lien Xd (cu) khoang 2 trieu, d Tay Dire la 1,5 trieu chiec. Sau nhung nam nay sU phat trien trong viec ap dung neo chat deo cdn manh me hdn va neo chat deo da trd thanh mpt ket cau chdng rat phd bien, mdt xu the tien bd trong cdng nghiep md va cdng trinh ham.
Tai Viet Nam, nam 1991 Bp Nang lUpng giao cho Vien KHCN Md lap luan chCmg nghien CLAJ kha nSng sCf dung vi neo chat deo cdt thep cho cac md ham Id Viet Nam. Den nam 1993 va 1994, Bp Nang lupng mdi tim dupc ngudn tai trp de ap dung thu" nghiem chdng Id bang neo chat deo cdt thep tCf cac co quan va cac c6ng ty cCia Australia (AIDAB
va cac cong ty: ACIRL, CRAM va ANI-ARNALL). Nam 1995 neo deo da dupc ung dung vao de chdng cac dudng Id da va Id lan dau tien tai Cdng ty than Udng Bi (Du an Australia tai trp). Nam 2001 neo deo dupc ung dung vao cac dudng Id than tai Cdng ty than DUdng Huy (Du an Nhat Ban tai trp).
Do nhung khd khan ve thiet bi va vat lieu cho nen mac du da dupc hpc hdi va ap dung tU kha sdm nhUng sau mpt thdi gian dai neo chat deo v i n chUa dupc ap dung phd bien trong cac md ham 16.
Khai quat
Chung ta biet rang neo chat deo cdt thep c6 pham vi Ling dung kha rpng rai:
- Chdng dd tdt cac dUdng Id chuan bj cd dat da trung binh va yeu f > 4 hoac cac dudng Id than cd ndc la dat da yeu.
- Neo chat deo chju lUc toan than va kha nang chiu tai t L ; 2 6 0 - 3 6 0 K N .
- Neo chat deo chiu lUc sau khi l a p d a t t L f 2 - 10 phut
- Neo chat deo chiu lUc lau dai trong mdi trudng an mdn cua nudc md.
Neo chat deo dap Lfng dupc day du nhijng han che cua neo be tdng cdt thep ma
KHCNM S 6 12/2008* CNKT HAM LO
Thong tin khoa hpc cong nghe m o
hien nay chUng ta dang silf dung trong nganh than.
can CLT theo pham vi va dieu kien SLf dung vi neo chat deo cdt thep nen lUa chpn vi trf chdng phu hpp vdi cac tfnh nang cua neo deo.
Dudng Id du kien chdng la dudng Id dao qua cac Idp dat da yeu hoac dao dpc via than cd vach la da yeu.
Khdng nen chdng neo deo cdt thep vao nhung dudng Id cd dat da cung viJng, 66 dn dinh cao vi nhCing duPng IP dd phu hpp vdi chdng bang neo be tdng cdt thep hoac neo be t6ng cdt thep ket hpp be tPng phun va cung kh6ng nen chdng vao nhiJng dudng Id dao hoan toan qua than vi thuc chat tren the gidi ngudi ta rat han hCru sCr dung vi neo chat deo cdt thep chdng ddc lap d nhCfng dang dudng 16 do.
Ve cd ban he thdng neo chat deo cdt thep kh6ng khac gi SO vdi cdng nghe neo be t6ng cdt thep ngoai trC/ be t6ng dfnh ket dupc thay the bdi chat deo lien ket nhanh (hinh 1).
Tinh can thiet ve san xuat trong nudc
Trudc nhu cau SLf dung than ngay cang tang nhanh, nganh than trong nhung nam gay day cung da day nhanh san lUdng khai thac than. Nam 2005, VINACOMIN khai thac dupc 34,9 trieu tan, tang 24%
so vdi nam 2004 va theo du bao con sd nay cd the len den 44 den 46 trieu tan vao khoang nam 2010 va 49 den 52 trieu tan va nam 2015.
Trong nhCfng nam tdi, san lupng than khai thac cua Tap doan se tiep tuc tang vdi tdc
do cao de dap ung cac yeu cau cho thi trudng trong nudc va xuat khau. Trong dd san lupng than ham Id se chiem da sd, do trii lupng cd the khai thac Id thien da can.
Khi san lUpng khai thac tang se keo sd met 16 dao tang. Tong sd met 16 dao nam 2005 khoang 200.000m va den nam 2010 con sd nay se la 400.000m. Trong sd d6 se cd mdt khdi lupng Idn met Id cd kha nang chdng neo.
Hien tai, chat deo cho neo chat deo chdng IP hoan toan phai nhap ngoai vdi gia thanh cao, thdi gian chd hang den chan cdng trinh thi kha dai ma thdi gian bao quan chat dec sau khi san xuat la rat ngan.
Difng trudc tdn tai tren, viec tien hanh san xuat vat lieu chat deo trong nUdc la mpt nhu cau cap thiet.
Ket qua thyc hien nghien curu san xuat
Long (Sen cS'j
Hinh 1. He thong neo chat deo cdt thep sudung degia cd dat da trong cdng trinh ngam
Bang 1. Dac tinh tdi thieu dien hinh cua chat deo dupc su dung lam vi neo
Thong s d Dp ben nen
Do ben keo Md dun dan hoi Do rao
Do ben c l t Mat do
Thdi gian thanh hinh (tai 27°C) Chieu dai thdi
DUdng kfnh thdi
Ddn vi MPa MPa Gpa
% Mpa Kg/m
giay mm mm
Lu'dng 80 12 11 0,12 25 2000.0 70 60 24
Ghi chu
CLfc dai trung binh trung binh 70 giay
Bang 2. Dac tinh cua chat deo cua Vien KHCN Mo
Thong sd Op ben nen Do ben keo Do ben udn Chieu dai thoi Dudng kinh thoi
Ddn vj MPa MPa MPa mm mm
Ludng 90 12 65 30 23
KHCNM S6 12 2008* CNKT HAM L 6
T h o n g t i n k h o a h o c c o n g n g h e m o
Thuc te thay rang tfnh chat cilia thdi chat deo phu thupc vao thanh phan hoa chat gdc va ty le giilfa cac thanh phan chat ddn, chat xuc tac, chat xuc bien. Cho nen du thdi chat deo dupc san xuat tai Trung Qudc, Nga hay Australia thi van de cdt Idi v i n la hoa chat gdc. Ngay nay, khi cdng nghiep hda dau phat trien manh, cac hoa chat gdc de san xuat vat lieu hoa chat thuan Ipi hon. Vi vay viec nhap thdi chat deo dupc ddng gdi d nUdc ngoai hay trong nudc khdng cdn la bf quyet khi cd du thanh phan hoa chat can thiet. Trong thdi gian vCfa qua, Vien KHCN Md da tien hanh nhap neo chat deo cdt thep cua Trung Qudc ve chdng 16 da tai Cdng ty than Hdng Thai va Cdng ty than Mao Khe.
Cdng tac chdng thif nghiem gan 500 m Id cho thay nhUng uu diem khdng the chdi cai cua nd, song chat deo nhap
ngoai tdn tai nhupc diem rat CO ban la thdi han bao quan ngan (chat deo cua Trung Qudc thdi han bao quan ke tLf ngay san xuat la 3 thang, cua Australia la 6 thang). Chfnh vi han che ve thdi gian bao quan, qua 2 lan nhap neo chat dec cua Trung Qud'c chung tdi nhan thay can thiet phai pha che chat deo lam neo trong nudc.
Vien Khoa hpc Cdng nghe Md ket hpp vdi Vien Vat lieu - Vien Khoa hpc Viet Nam da pha che thanh cdng trong phdng thf nghiem chat deo lam neo vdi cac dac tfnh ky thuat budc dau la kha quan.
trong bai bao nay chung tdi gidi thieu mdt vai van de trong cdng viec nay.
De tien viec so sanh, trudc het chung tdi dUa ra bang dac tfnh chi tieu tdi thieu dien hinh cua chat deo lam neo theo quan diem cua Exchem- 1998.
Bang 3 la sd lieu thf nghiem keo neo cCia Vien KHCN Md nam 2007. Chat deo dUpc sir dung la chat deo nhap cua Dai Loan, pha trdn tai phdng thf nghiem Vien Vat lieu - Vien KH Viet Nam. Tdc do cua may lap dat neo dupc xac djnh la 400 vdng/ phut va thdi gian quay la 25 giay. Thdi gian giCf la 60 giay. Thdi gian keo tat ca cac vi neo deu sau 1 gid ke tCf khi lap dat va khdng qua 3 gid sau khi lap dat. M i u be tdng kfch thudc 200x200x400mm, mac be tdng 100.
Nhan xet: Kha nang bam dfnh cua chat deo phu thudc dp CLfng cua thanh id khoan.
Thf nghiem keo rut neo tai Bruceton - My dUpc thUc hien tai hien trudng vdi cac loai dat da khac nhau. Dat da cang cung thi kha nang bam dfnh cua chat deo cang Idn. Thf nghiem keo neo cua Vien KHCN Md thuc hien thang 9 Bang 3. So lieu thi nghiem keo neo cua Vien KHCN Mo nam 2007
Thi nghiem
so 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Dudng kinh thanh neo(mm)
22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22
Duong kinh Id khoan
(mm) 29 29 29 29 29 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28
Chieu dai cdt thep bpc chat
deo (cm) 31,5 32,5 32,5 28,5 31,0 28,0 28,0 28,0 28,0 28,0 28,0 28,0 28,0 28,0 28,0
Tai trpng cue dai
(tan)' 8,7 9,5 7,9 7,1 11 7,9 9,5 7,9 8,7 7,9 12 4,7 12 8,7 10,2
He sd ma sat (t/cm) 0,2761 0,2923 0,2430 0,2491 0,3548 0,2821 0,3392 0,2821 0,3107 0,2821 0,4285 0,1678 0,4285 0,3107 0,364
Ngay thi nghiem
11/9/07 11/9/07 11/9/07 11/9/07 11/9/07 21/9/07 21/9/07 21/9/07.
21/9/07 21/9/07 21/9/07 21/9/07 21/9/07 21/9/07 21/9/07
KHCNM S6 12/2008* CNKT HAM LO
Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe mOi
Hinh 2. Thoi chat deo cua Vien KHCN Mo Hinh 3. Mau chat deo dung de thi nghiem
vl
H/n/i 4. Mo hinh thi nghiem trong phdng thi Hinh 5. Mau bi pha huy nghiem
nam 2007, lam trong phdng thf nghiem, id khoan dupc tao trong khdi be tdng mac 100, phan Idn cac thf nghiem tren m i u be tdng deu bi v6 hoac tupt ren, nhung nhCfng ket qua ban dau cija chat deo lam neo pha che trong nUdc la kha quan. Cdng viec van dang dupc Vien KHCfsl Md tfch cUc thuc hien.
Sd lieu thf nghiem lap dat neo va keo neo tai hien trudng Id XV +145 C6ng ty TNHH MTV 86 (Tdng C6ng ty D6ng Bac):
- Sd neo lap vao thanh va ndc Id: 29 vi neo.
-Chieu dai neo 1,6 m .
- Sd neo lap thanh c6ng 29 (c6 3 neo phai cat duoi vi 16 khoan n6ng nen neo 161 ra ngoai 10cm).
Sd neo keo chiu tai 2 neo 15 tan va 10 tan nhUng chUa tut neo vi bi hdng bd ga kfch keo nen khdng keo them nij'a.
Mdt sd van de khi san xuat chat deo mang e cu trong qua trinh lam thf nghiem trong phPng thf nghiem va ngoai hien trUdng:
- Chat deo dupc pha che ddng gdi bang thu cdng, 1 cPng lao dpng san xuat dupc 40 tui- 50 tUi, gia thanh 1 tui dudng kfnh 23 mm chieu dai 30 cm khoang 5 ngan ddng.
Mang e cu: 3 phut san xuat dupc mpt mang vdi khuPn ddn 3 phUt, 10 mang vdi khuPn kep. Gfa thanh 1 mang khoang 200 ddng.
Ket luan va kien nghj TCf nghien cifu ly thuyet den trien khai san xuat thif nghiem tuan thu theo nhCfng quy trinh tien tien tren the gidi nen d nhufng san pham dau tien da cd chat lupng kha tdt.
Trai qua cac qua trinh thCf nghiem trong phPng thf nghiem cho den thf nghiem tai hien trudng d cac md than ham Id da chdng minh dieu dd. Nhung thanh cPng budc dau trong nghien cLfu, san
(Tiep theo a trang 5)
KHCNM S6 12/2008* CNKT HAM LO
Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe m o
Khoang sang dupc chia thanh 3 tang khai thac: Tang khai thac phu dau tien (16 via den mifc -100) c6 tfnh chat khai thac tan thu mot phan tai nguyen dpc lap vdi cap gieng chfnh phu; Tang khai thac chfnh mirc -100 ^ -350 khai thac vdi qui md tap trung bang cap gieng chfnh, phu; Phan than cdn lai trong day dpng tu mirc -350 -r -475 dUpc td chifc khai thac tan thu bang ngam.
Ddi tupng khai thac khoang sang than NUi Beo se tap trung vao cac via 11, 10, 7;
cdn cac via 13 va 9 chi khai thac mang tinh chat tan thu.
Du kien c6ng suat md dat 1.500 ngan T/nam. Dinh hudng khai thac md ham 16 Nui Beo theo hudng md dat trinh dd tien tien cua chau Au.
Cdng nghe khai thac lUa chpn cd gidi hda va thu cdng khoan nd min, trong dd cd 01 td hpp CO gidi hoa ddng bp Id chp cot dai theo phUdng (hinh 2) hoac ha tran than ndc (hinh 3) khai thac via thoai den 20°, 02 td hpp cd gidi hoa ddng bp Id chp cot dai theo phUdng hoac ha tran than ndc khai thac via nghieng den 35° vdi chieu dai Id chp 120 -:- 150 m va mpt sd Id chp gia khung, gia thuy lUc di dpng khau than bang khoan nd min tai cac khu vUc via khPng c6 kha nang ap dung cd gidi hoa (hinh 4). Ddi vdi cac khu vUc via ddc xem xet ap dung cac sd dd cdng nghe khai thac chia Idp ngang nghieng sCf dung ban cd gidi hoa (hinh 5). Du kien tdng mi/c dau tu cua cdng trinh
khoang 7000 ty ddng, trong dd chi phf xay dung 1870 ty ddng.
chi phf thiet bi 1150 ty ddng.
Hien tai, Vien Khoa hpc Cdng nghe Md-TKV dang phdi hpp vdi Vien thiet ke md OSTRAVA (Cpng hoa Sec) trien khai lap du an dau tu va trong nam 2009 se tien hanh xay dung cdng trinh. Du kien den nam 2013 se khai thac tan than dau tien bang phUdng phap ham 16. Dau tu xay dung c6ng trinh khai thac md ham IP NUi Beo se gop phan giam thieu 6 nhidm m6i trudng d thanh phd Ha Long, dap ung nhu cau cung cap than cua TKV. Than khai thac cua md ham Id NUi Beo se dupc cung cap chu yeu cho nha may nhiet dien Quang Ninh./.
Nghien cufu va san xuat chat deo lam chat dinh ket neo cot thep
xuat neo chat deo trong nudc la mpt thanh qua dang ghi nhan ve nhung cd gang cua can bp Vien Khoa hpc C6ng nghe Md.
Trong thdi gian tdi day, de dua chat deo vao ap dung trong cac md ham Id, Vien KHCN fVid can phai lam thu tuc de Cue An toan- Bp Cdng ThUdng hoac Cue Giam dinh Chat lUdng Nha nudc cong nhan chat deo pha che trong nudc dat tieu chuan chat deo lam neo chdng 16 theo tieu chuan quy dinh cua nudc ngoai. Va khi da cd sU chung nhan chat lUpng se dUa san pham vao san xuat dai tra trudc
(Tiep theo trang 9)
het phuc vu cho nhu cau chdng IP cac md than ham IP, xa hdn nCfa la cac cdng trinh ngam dan dung, gia cd mai ddc.
Tai lieu tham khao [1] Quyet dinh so 110/2007/QD-TTg ky ngay 18/7/2007 cua Thu tUdng Chfnh phu phe duyet Quy hoach phat then dien luc quoc gia giai doan 2006-2015 CO xet den nam 2025.
[2] Quyet djnh sd 89/2008/QD-TTg ky ngay 5/7/2008 cua Thu tUdng Chfnh phu phe duyet Chien luac phat then nganh than Viet Nam den nam 2015, dinh hUdng den nam 2025.
[3] Vien KHCN Mo., 2007, Bao cao trung gian de tai
"Nghien cUu cong nghe san xuat chat deo - Vat lieu hoa chat phuc vu chdng Id bang vi neo va gia cudng khoi da mo".
[4] Williamsform Corp Website,
http://www. williamsform. com [5] US Freepatent Website, http://wviW. freepatentsonline. com
[6] Minova International
Limited Website, http.V/www.minovainternational.
com
[7] DSI Group Website, http://www.dsigroundsupport.co m
[8] ARNALL POLAND Sp. z
o.o Website, http://www. arnall. com.pl/en/
[9] Villaescusa, Ernesto Villanueva, Christopher, Rock Support and Reinforcement Practice in Mining.
KHCNM SO 12/2008* CNKT H.\M LO
