AP DUNG LE CONG BANG DE GIAI QUYET TRANH CHAP DAN SI/
Phung Trung Tap*
* PGS. TS. Giang vien cao cap, Tru'dng Oai hoc Luat Ha Ngi.
Thdng tin bai viet:
Tie khoa: Le cong bang; ap dung le cong bang; tranh chap dan su.
Lich su bai viet:
Nhan bai Bien tap Duy^t bai
: 21/12/2019 : 23/12/2019 : 25/12/2019
Article Infomation:
Keywords: fairness; civil disputes.
Article History:
Received Edited Approved
21 Dec. 2019 23 Dec. 2019 25 Dec. 2019
Tom tat:
Giai quyet nhirng tranh chap dan su phat sinh trong xa hpi lu6n la doi hoi ciia doi song xa hgi. Doi voi nhung tranh chip phuc tap ma khong CO quy pham phap luat de ap dung, khong co tSp quan, khong CO luat de ap dung tuong tu, khong co an le thi nguyen tSc chung cua luat dan sy va le cong bang dugc ap dung. Co nhung tranh chSp chi c6 the ap dung le cong bang moi giai quy€t dupe. Ap dung le cong bang \k m6t viec phirc tap, nham giai quygt kip thai nhung tranh chSp phat sinh theo nguyen tac khong the vien c6 chua co luat thi khong giai quyet.
Abstract:
It is to required by the social life that the civil disputes m the society to be resolved. For the complicated disputes where there is no applicable law, no customary practice, no similar law, no precedent to be applied, the general principles of the civil law and the fairness are to be applied. There are disputes that can only be resolved by applying the fairness. The application of fairness is a complicated task, in order to promptly resolve the disputes under the principle that it cannot be invoked without a law, it will not be resolved.
1. Quy dinh ve ap dyng le cdng biing Quan he phap luat dan su la quan hd ve tai san va quan he nhan than phat sinh khach quan trong xa hdi cd tu hiru, cd nha nudc va cd phap luat. Vi quan he dan su phat sinh theo nhu cau cua mdi ca nhan, mdi gia dmh va cdng ddng. Bd luat Dan sir nam 2015 (BLDS nam 2015) dugc ban hanh nham dieu chinh cac quan he vl tai san va nhan than phat sinh trong xa hdi. Phap luat dugc ban hanh nham dieu chinh cac quan he xa hdi theo mdt tt-at tu nhat dinh va thdng nhat, the hien ro ban chat cua mdt nha nudc trong timg thdi ky. Phap luat phat sinh tir cac quan he xa hdi, nham dieu chinh cac quan he
xa hdi, nhung khdng theo kip cac quan he xa hdi ngay mdt phat sinh da dang, phong phii va phicc tap. Do dd, cd nhiing tranh chap phat sinh trong ddi sdng xa hdi, can giai quyit nhung khdng cd quy dinh cua phap luat dl ap dung. Vi vay, nhu mdt du lieu ciia giai phap nham dieu chinh kip thdi cac tranh chap dan su phat sinh ma chua cd luat de ap dung, khdng cd tap quan de giai quyet, thi cin phai cd mdt ca che nhu mdt giai phap de giai quyit. Mdt giai phap cho van de nay dugc quy dinh tai Dieu 6 BLDS nam 2015:
"1. Trudng hap phdt sinh quan he thupc phgm vidieu chinh cua phdp ludt ddn su md cdc ben khdng cd thda thudn, phdp
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lugt khdng cd quy dinh vd khdng cd tap qudn dup'c dj? dung thi dp dung quy dinh ciia phdp ludt dieu chinh quan he ddn su tuong tu.
2. Trudng hpp khdng thi dp dung tuong tuphap ludt theo quy dinh tgi khoan 1 Dieu ndy thi dp dung cdc nguyen tdc ca bdn cua phdp ludt ddn su quy dinh tai Diiu 3 cua Bp lugt ndy, dn le, le cdng bdng ".
2. Dinh nghia ap dung !e cdng bSng Le cdng bang la mpt chuin muc duac nit ra tir quan he cu thi, cd ndi dung cau thanh tir cac quan he the hien tinh nhan van, phu hgp vdi nhan thiic cua nhilu ngudi vl sir cdng bang trong mdi quan he giiia quyln va nghia vu cua cac ben chii thi trong mgt quan he phap luat^ dan su cd tranh chap va dugc giai quyet thau tinh, dat ly phu hgp vdi dao ly. Le cdng bang khdng phai la mdt cai gi dd ttm tugng, khd xac dinh. Le cdng bin^
la mdt quan he thdng thudng va ddi vdi bat ky ai nhan thiic hay true tiep giai quyet tt-anh chap ciing se lam nhu vay, khdng thi khac.
Vi vay, ap dung le cdng bang ddi hdi ca quan xet xu phai cd ddi ngii thain phan cd tam va cd tam. Tam va tam phai ket hgp hai hda va tao thanh ban ITnh, trach nhiem va luong tam cua tham phan. Khi mot tranh chap phat sinh, ma khdng cd luat de ap dung tnrc tiep, khdng cd tap quan de ap dung, khdng the ap dung tuong tu ve luat, khdng cd an le de ap dung thi le cdng bang dugc ap dung de giai quyet tranh chap.
Le cdng bang la mdt chuan muc xu sir trong quan he giiia cac ben chii the, muc dich dat dugc nham bao dam cac quyen, lgi ich hgp phap ^ciia cac ben dugc thuc hien nhu mdt tat yeu, le duang nhien va khdng the khac. Le cdng bang la kha nang khach quan, tdn tai ddc lap va khi dugc ap durig mang lai hieu qua nhat dinh la giai quyet kip thdi nhiing tranh chap dan su trong dieu kien khdng cd luat de ap dung, khdng cd tap quan, khdng cd luat ap dung tuang tu, khdng cd an le. Le cdng bang dugc ap dung de giai quyit tranh chap dan sir da vugt ra ngoai pham vi cua luat dan su, nhung phu hgp vdi dac dilm, ban chat va nguyen tac chung ciia quan he dan su. Ap dung le cdng bing khdng
the khdng ap dung cac nguySn tic ca ban cua phap luat dan su quy dinh tai Dieu 3 BLDS nam 2015.
Quy dinh tai Dilu 3 BLDS nam 2015 la tu tudng chi dao trong viec xac lap, thuc hien cac quyen, n^hia vu trong timg loai quan he dan sir nhat dinh la quan hd tai san va quan he nhan than; budc cac quan he phap luat dan su phai timn theo nhirng nguyen tac ca ban mang tinh menh lenh nay. Dua tren nhfmg nguyen tac co ban ciia phap luat dan su tai Dieu 3 BLDS, la mdt dinh hudn^ chu dao tron_g viec danh gia va giai quyet cac tranh chap dan su. Nhiing nguyen tac ca ban nay thi hien ro ban chat va nhung d^c trung phap luat dan su Viet Nam, nham dieu chinh cac quan he tai san va nhan than trong xa hdi tdn tai va phat trien nhieu thanh phan kinh te, nhieu hinh thiic sd huu trong thai ky hgi nhap qudc te va thiic day kinh te thi trudng phat trien.
Khoan 1 Dilu 3 BLDS nam 2015 la mdt nguyen tac the hien rd ban chat cua quan he phap luat dan su, bao dam cac quyln bmh dang ve tu each chii the, ve quan he giiia quyen va nghia vu dan su cua cac ben chii the khi tham gia quan he phap luat dan su dugc phap luat bao dam thuc hien: "Mpi cd nhdn. phdp nhdn deu binh dang, khdng dup'c lay bdt k^ ly do ndo de phdn biet doi xii;
duac phdp ludt bdo hd nhu nhau vi cdc quyen nhdn thdn vd tdi sdn ". Quy dinh nay phil hgp vdi quy dinh cua Dilu 14 Cdng udc Qudc te ve cac quyen kinh tl, xa hdi, van hda nam 1966: "Mpi ngudi diu binh dang truac cdc tda dn vd ca quan Idi phdn. Mpi ngu&i deu cd quyen duac xet xu cdng bang vd cdng khai bdi mot tda dn cd thdm quyin, dpc lap. khdng thien viva duac lap ra tren ca sdphdp lugt di quyet dinh vi ldi budc tdi ngudi do trong cdc vu dn hinh su hogc de xdc djnh quyen vd nghia vu cua nguai dd trong cdc vu kien ddn su".
Nguyen tac co ban cua phap luat dan su theo quy dinh tai Dilu 3 BLDS nam 2015, dugc ap dung cho tat ca cac cip tda an.
Trudc hit, le cdng bing trong viec giai quyit cac tranh chip dan su phai dugc hilu
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theo mdt trinh tu, thu tuc td tung dan su nham bao dam cho viec xem xet cdng khai, cdng bang trong td tung khdng cd nhung ylu td anh hudng true tiep hoac gian tilp nhu ap dat, ggi y hoac cd su "gui gdm truac", lam sai lech ban chat ciia tranh chap dan sir dang can dugc giai quyet. Sir thien lech cd thi cd tir hdi ddng xet xir, giam sat xet xu, bao chiia vien, tir luat su. Su khdng cdng bing cdn cd the cd trong trudng hgp phan biet duang su cd lgi ich ddi lap nhau hoac vi duang sir nay cd mdi quan he nao dd vdi ngudi thii ba hoac vdi mdt hoac toan bd thanh vien trong hgi ddng xet xu.
Thic hai, su thieu cdng bang cd thi cdn lien quan den ndi dung cua vu viec dang tranh chap ma viec xac minh, nhan dinh, danh gia cac chiing cir chua day dii, thilu khach quan va lam sai lech ban chit cua tranh chap.
Thic ba, sir thieu cdng bing cd thi do vi pham nguyen tac tranh tung cdng khai tai phien tda. Phien tda cdng khai nhim bao dam su khach quan va roinh bach tir cac thii tuc td tung, la can cii de bao ve thich dang cac quyen ya lgi ich hgp phap cua cac ben tham gia td tung, nhat la cac ben cd cac lgi ich mau thuan nhau.
Vdi nhiing yeu td bao dam le cdng bang va vi pham le cdng bang can dugc xac dinh tir khau xac minh cac chiing cir, ve chii the cua tranh chap, ndi dung tranh chip dan su de cd dugc nhiing danh gia khach quan dung vdi ban chat cua vu viec, tir dd le cdng bang dugc ap dung tuan theo cac nguyen tac cua phap luat dan sir theo quy dinh tai Dieu 3 ciia BLDS nam 2015.
Ap dung le cdng bang de giai quyet tranh chap dan su la mdt viec phiic tap va khd khan ddi vdi ca quan xet xir. Do vay, can phai du lieu trudc nhiing yeu td anh hudng den le cdng bang nhu: tinh chat ciia tranh chap, nhan td con ngudi, dac biet la thanh vien Hdi ddng giai quyet vu viec. Tinh can trgng, luang tam, ttinh do, ky nang va trach nhiem ciia thanh vien hdi ddng xet xii ddng vai trd quyet dinh den viec ap dung le cdng bang cd hieu qua hay khdng cd hieu qua..
Theo quy dinh cua BLDS nam 2015,
"Tda dn khdng dupe tu chdi gidi quyet vu viec ddn su vi ly do chua cd dieu ludt de dp dung", Quy dinh nay dugc cu the hda tir Dilu 26 din Dieu 33 BLTTDS. Tda an cd thim quyen giai quyit tit ca cac tranh chip, cac yeu cau ve dan su, trir ttirdng hgp tt:anh chip do thudc tham quyen giai quyit cua ca quan, td chiic khac theo quy dinh ciia phap luat.
Nhu vay, ap dung le cdng bang de giai quyet tranh chap dan su dugc thuc hien theo mdt trat tu, thu tuc khep kin va chat che theo quy dinh cua BLTTDS nam 2015.
Ap dung le cdng bang la mgt giai phap giai quyet tranh chap dan sir trong trudng hgp khdng the ap dung tuang tu phap luat theo quy dinh tai khoan 1 Dilu 6 BLDS nam 2015. Dieu kien cua viec ap dung nay phai theo cac nguyen tac co ban cua phap luat dan su quy dinh tai Dilu 3 BLDS nam 2015.
Nguyen tac nay the hien su tu do, tu nguyen cam ket, thda thuan ciia cac chu the la ca nhan, phap nhan trong viec xac lap, thuc hien, cham diit cac quyen va nghia vu dan sir trong quan he nhat dinh. Moi cam kit, thda thuan khdng vi pham dieu cam cua luat, khdng trai dao dire xa hdi cd hieu luc thuc hien ddi vdi cac ben va phai dugc chii the khac ton trgng. Cac chii the xac lap, thuc hien, cham diit quyen, nghia vu dan su cua minh mgt each thien chi, trung thuc va khdng dugc xam pham den lgi ich qudc gia, dan tdc, lgi ich cdng cgng, quyen va lgi ich hgp phap cua chu the khac. Cac chu the tham gia vao quan he tai san va nhan than tu chiu trach nhiem ve viec khdng thuc hien hoac thuc hien khdng diing nghia vu dan su.
Nhiing nguyen tac ca ban nay la khudn mau de dieu chinh cac quan he dan sir, ddng thdi la tu tudng chi dao tda an cac cap trong viec ap dung le cdng bang de giai quyet tranh chap dan su khi can thiet.
Nhiing nguyen tac ca ban cua phap luat dan sir theo quy dinh tai Dieu 3 BLDS nam 2015 cd ndi dung bao quat hau nhu tat cac quan he phap luat dan su va the hien ban chat ciia quan he phap luat dan su giua cac ben chil the trong xa hdi. Tuy nhien, cudc
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NHANU6CVAPHAP LUAT sdng ludn phat sinh nhiing su kien cin phai dugc giai quyit, nhung phap luat khdng thi hoan thien den miic cd thi dilu chmh het tit ca cac quan he tai san va nhan than phat sinh trong xa hdi! Vi vay, viec ap dung le cdng bang de giai quyit tt-anh chip dan sir vira la nhu ciu vira la mdt giai phap linh hoat dk hda giai nhiing tranh chip dan sir phat smh trong xa hdi de bao ve su binh dn trong giao luu dan su, giu gin trat tu, an toan xa hdi, bao dam tinh doan ket trong nhan dan. Qua viec ap dung le cdng bing dl giai quyit tt-anh chap dan su phat sinh, la ca sd siia ddi, bd sung phap luat nham hoan thien phap luat de giai quyet cac quan he dan su mdt each cd hieu qua.
Tir nhung phan tich tren, cd thi dinh nghia ap dung le cdng bang dl giai quyit cac tranh chap dan sir nhu sau: Ap dung le cdng bang de giai quyet tranh chdp ddn su thudc thdm quyen ciia Tda dn nhdn ddn trong trudng hop xem xet, gidi quyet tranh chdp thudc ddi tuang dieu chinh cua lugt ddn sic md cdc ben trong quan he khdng cd thda thudn, phdp lugt khdng cd quy dinh hogc cd qu^ dinh nhung quy dinh hien cd khdng the dieu chinh het quan he dang dupe xem xet, gidi quyet md khdng cd tap qudn duac dp dung, khdng cd quy dinh de dp dung tuang tu vi lugt vd khdng cd dn le de dp dung thi dp dung le cdng bdng.
3. Dieu kifn ap dung le cong bang Le cdng bang la mdt quy dinh ciia phap luat. Tuy nhien, cac yeu td cau thanh le cdng bang khdng dugc phap luat quy dinh cu the gdm nhiing gi. Nhung le cdng bang la mdt chuan muc phap ly dugc the hien trong cac quan he xa hdi va the hien rd phuang thirc phap ly trong viSc ap dung. Tir ca sd ly luan nay, each thirc ap dung le cdng bang de giai quyit tt-anh chap dan su, can xac dinh theo cac dieu kien sau day:
- Tranh chap dang dugc xem xet giai quyet thudc ddi tugng dieu chinh cua lu|t dan su (Quan he ve tai san mang tinh chat hang hda - tien te va quan he ve nhan than phi tai san);
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- Cac ben tranh chap khdng cd thda thuan hoac khdng thda thuan dugc, phap luat khdng cd quy dinh, khdng cd tap quan, khdng cd quy dinh de ap dung tucmg tu, khdng cd an le. Tham quyen ap dung le cdng bang thudc tda an cac cap.
- Ap dung le cdng bang can cii vao tung tranh chap rieng biet, tham chi nhiing tranh chap ciing loai thi viec ap dung le cdng bang ciing khdng nhu nhau. Ap dung le cdng bang can thiet va quan tt-gng la viec xac dinh chil the thudc cac ben tranh chap, cd tinh den nhung ngudi yeu the va tinh phiic tap, quy md ve tai san cua tranh chap va tinh thuc te, khach quan ciia sir kien phat sinh la nhiing tranh chap can phai dugc giai quyet cho phu hgp vdi dao ly thdng thudng.
Khi ap dung le cdng bang, khdng nen nhin nhan van de nay phap luat quy dinh rdi, thi viec ap dung le cdng bang cd that sir can thiet hay khdng? Phap luat cd quy dinh, nhung cdn nhieu quan he chiia dung va phat sinh mdt each khach quan trong nhdm quan he cu the, ma quy dinh hien cd khdng thi dieu chinh thda dang, thi le cdng bang vin cd the dugc ap dung. Muc dich ciia phap luat la bao dam cdng bang, nhung dl giai quyet dugc ttiet de tranh chap, bao dam nguyen tic cdng bing ve quyln va nghia vu ciia cac ben chil the trong quan he phap luat dan su, thi le cdng bang van cd the dugc ap dung nham khic phuc khoang trdng ciia phap luat hoac phap luat khdng dieu chinh hit dugc cac tranh chap dang phat sinh.
4. Tham quyen ap dung le cong biing Theo quy dinh hien hanh, thim quyln ap dung le cdng bing thudc toa an dang xet xii vu an. De bao bao tinh khach quan va cdng bang trong qua tt-inh giai quyet tranh chap va bao ve cac quyln, lgi ich hgp phap cua cac ben duang su. Khi ap dung le cdng bang, toa an cd vai tt-d quan trpng tt"ong viec dieu khien qua trinh tt-anh tun^g va tuan theo nhung nguyen tic, thii ttic td ttjng dan su, bao dam quyen bmh ding cua cac ben duong sir trong qua tririh tranh tung. Trong qua trinh tt-anh ttang de ap dung le cdng bing, chu toa phien toa phai tao mgi dilu kien cin thilt
cho nhiing ngudi tham gia tranh tung bay td quan diem cua minh va cd quyen yeu cau hg dimg trinh bay nhiing y kien, chiing cii khdng lien quan den vn an. Nhir vay, viec ap dung le cdng bang dd giai quyet tranh chap dan su cd nhiing ndi dung, phuang thirc tratih tung tai phien toa ciing khdng cd su khac biet nao so vdi cac tranh chap dan su cd san quy pham phap luat de vien dan ap de giai quyet tranh chap. Ndi dung va phuang thiic tranh tung tai phien toa giai quyet tranh chap bang viec ap dung le cdng bang ciing man theo quy dinh tai Dilu 247 BLTTDS nam 2015.
Khi ap dung le cdng bang de giai quyit tranh chap dan su, trong phan ndi dung vu an va n h p dinh ciia Toa an phai ghi rd nhiing yeu cau khdi kien ciia nguyen dcm, yeu cau khdi kien cua ca quan, td chirc, ca nhan; yeu cau phan td, de nghi ciia bi dan; yeu cau ddc lap, de nghi cua ngudi cd quyen, nghia vu lidn quan de qua dd can cir vao nhiing tai lieu, chiing cir da xem xet tai phidn toa, ket qua ttranh ttjng tai phien toa de phan tich, danh gia, nhan dinh day dii, khach quan ve cac tinh tiet cua vii an, nhiing su kien de ap dung le cdng bang. Can cii phan quyet cua toa an la dua tt-en le cdng bang, cac yeu td cua le cdng bang dugc md ta, vien din ap dung. Thay vi vien dan dieu luat trong cac vu tranh chap cd luat de ap dung hoac cd tap quan de ap dung hoac cd luat de ap dung tucmg tu hoac cd an le de ap dung, thi trudng hgp le cdng bang dugc ap dung de giai quyet traiih chap ciing phai dugc toa an xac dinh rd.
Can cir vao quyet dinh ciia ban an sa tham dugc ap dung le cdng bang de giai quyet, ducmg su, ngudi dai dien hgp phap cua ducmg su, ca quan, td chiic, ca nhan khdi kien ciing cd quyen khang cao ban an sa thim theo quy diiih tai Dieu 271 BLTTDS nam 2015 nhu ddi vdi cac ban an thdng thudng khac. Thdi han khang cao ddi vdi ban an ciia Toa an cap sa tham ap dung le cdng bang la 15 ngay, ke tti ngay tuyen an va thdi han khang cao ciing tuan theo quy dinh tai Dilu 273 BLTTDS nam 2015.
5. Cac yen to anh hirdng din ap dung le cong bang
Ap dung le cdng bang la ap dung quy dinh cua phap luat ve le cdng bang. Nhung quy dinh le cdng bang khdng thi hien rd ndi ham, ma quy dinh khai quat. Vi vay, khi ap dung le cdng bang can phai xem xet cac ylu td cd lien quan den pham vi tranh chip, dac diem ciia tranh chap, cac ben chii thi cua tranh chap va cac chu the khac cd lien quan.
Ap dung le cdng bang dl giai quyit tranh chap theo nguyen tac bao dam quyen binh dang ve mat phap ly cua cac ben chu the. Quyen binh dang cua cac ben chu thi trong tranh chap dugc xac dinh dua vao tieu chi le^cdng bang. Vi vay, can xac dinh nhiing yeu td tac ddng, anh hudng viec xac dinh le cdng bang sau day:
- can xac dinh rd dieu kien, hoan canh ve khdng gian va thdi gian cac ben chii the xac lap quan he hoac nhung sir kien phat sinh do y chi chu quan cua mdt ben hoac ca hai ben trong mdt quan he phap luat cu thd ve tai san hoac ve nhan than. Tir co sd xac dinh nay, de cd can cir xac dinh mdi quan he phd bien, quan he nhan qua ciia su kien phat sinh va hau qua phap ly xay ra. Yeu td y chi cua cac ben chu the can phai xac dinh rd la y chi chil quan hay hoan canh khach quan ngoai y chi ciia chu the theo do su kien phap ly phat sinh theo y mudn hay ngoai y mudn cua chil the de cd can cii ap dung le cdng bing, bao ve quyen, lgi ich chmh dang cua mdt ben hoac lgi ich cua ngudi thii ba.
- Xac dinh cu the nhiing nguyen nhan khach quan ma quyen, lgi ich hgp phap cua mdt ben trong quan he phap luat dan su bi thiet thdi. Nguyen nhan khach quan cd the la hanh vi ciia ngudi thii ba hoac do su bien phap ly tuang ddi hoac tuyet ddi cu the ma hau qua ciia nd xam pham quyen, lgi ich chinh dang hoac dang le cd dugc nhung bi mit mat, bi giam siit khdng chinh dang.
- Ap dung le cdng bang de giai^ quyet tranh chap ve tai san va nhan thanj can xac dinh miic do nhan thiic cua chii the do dieu kien kinh tl, hoan canh xa hdi, hoan canh gia dinh chi phoi hoac do nang luc nhan thuc
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NHA NUOC VA PHAP LUAT cua ca nhan ma din den nhiing tranh chap dan sir.
-Nang luc cua tham phan ap dung le cdng bang de giai quyet tranh chap dan su la ngudi cd nang luc nhan thirc nhieu kien thiic thudc nhieu ITnh vuc khac nhau, ngoai kien thiic ve chuyen mdn phap luat la bat bugc ddi vdi tham phan.
- Xac dinh cac yeu td la nguyen nhan dan den quyen, lgi ich cua mdt ben hi thiet hoac lgi ich ciia ngudi thii ba bi xam pham neu trong dieu kien binh thudng thi iihiing lgi ich vat chat hoac phi vat chat cua chu the dugc bao dam thuc hien nhung lai bi mat di khdng chinh dang, khdng do ldi cua chii the.
6. H^ qua phap ly cua viec ap dung le cdng bang
Viec ap dung le cdng bang de giai quyet tranh chap dan su la nham giai quyet
kip thdi, diit dilm nhiing tranh chap dan su phat sinh trong xa hdi trong trudng hgp chua cd quy pham, khdng cd tap quan, khdng cd luat de ap dung tuong tu, khdng cd an le de ap dung. Ap dung le cdng bing giai quyet cac tranh chap dan sir gdp phan bao dam cho cac quyen dan su chinh dang cua chii the dugc bao dam thuc hien, ddng thdi giu gin mdi doan ket trong nhan dan, bao dam cho cac quyen, lgi ich hgp phap ciia cac ben chu thi trong quan he phap luat dan su, thuang mai dugc bao dam thuc hien.
Viec ap dung le cdng bang de giai quyit tranh cMp dan su la can cii de ca quan lap phap ban hanh van ban phap luat nham khic phuc kip thdi nhiing "Id hdng" ciia phap luat cho phii hgp vdi quan he phap luat dan su, dieu chinh cd hieu qua cac quan he trong xa hdi ve tai san va nhan than thudc linh vuc phap luat dan sy •
HE THONG PHAP LUAT VIET NAM... (nip ,keo .rang w)
tren khong phai la sir doi vai ma la tra lai dung vai cua cac ca quan tham gia trong quy trinh lam luat.
Thu hai, quy trinh mot du dn luat phdi duac trinh tai hai ky hop Quoc hoi. Mac du DiSu 73 Luat Ban hanh van ban QPPL quy dinh ro Qu6c hpi xem xet, thong qua du an luat, du thao nghi quyet tai mot hoac hai ky hop Qu6c hpi; truong hpp du an luat Ion, nhiSu di§u, khoan co tinh chat phiic tap thi Qu5c hpi CO thi xem xet, thong qua tai ba ky hop. Tuy nhien, tren thuc tS thi UBTVQH ngay tCr khi ban hanh N^hi quyet ve trien khai Nghi quySt ciia Quoc hpi ve Chuoiig trmh xay dung luat, phap lenh hSng nam deu xac dinh truoc la hiu het cac du an luat deu dupe trinh Qu6c hpi cho y kien va thong qua tai hai ky hpp. Cung tir do sinh ra quy trinh cit khiic thanh hai giai doan nhu neu tren.
Tai sao h4u hfa cac du an luat dSu phai trinh Qu6c hpi tai hai ky hpp va dSu dupe xac dinh truoc khi trinh luat nhu vay? NSu mpt
16 |X"PHAS_/=*^'''°^'-"'^''^°
du an luat dugc chuan bi tdt, bao dam chat lugng de thdng qua lai khdng thi thdng qua?
Vi neu du an luat dugc thdng qua thi se dd tdn kem tien bac hon va ciing dap iing yeu cau ddi hdi ciia cudc sdng dugc sdm hem. Cd le, chiing ta nen tiep can van de nay mdt each thuc te va mem deo han cho phu hgp vdi tinh than ciia Dieu 73. Han nua, Dieu 74 Luat Ban hanh van ban QPPL ciing quy dinh: Trong trudng hgp du thao chua dugc thdng qua hoac mdi dugc thdng qua mdt phan thi Qudc hdi xem xet, quyit dinh viec trinh lai hoac xem xet, thdng qua tai ky hgp tilp theo theo dl nghi ciia UBTVQH. Nhu vay, mdt du an luat cd thi dugc xem xet, thdng qua ngay trong mdt ky hgp cua Qudc hdi hay hai ky, tham chi ba ky la quyln ciia Qudc hdi, khdng nen dugc sip dat ngay tti khi l^p chuang ttinh nhu hien nay. Tat ca la d chit lugng du an luat va yeu ciu ciia thuc tien, va hay de dieu dd cho Qudc hdi xem xet, quyet dinh •
