KHOA HOC CONG N G H £
D A DAMG V A PHAIM BO CAC LOAI THUOC CHI L A I M K I M TUYEIM [Anaectaciiiius B l u m e ) TAI THAIVH HOA
Nguygn Trpng Quy^n^ Biii Vdn Th^ng^. Hoang Vdn Sdirf
T6MTAT
Bai bao la ket qua di^u tra, ngbien ciiu cac loai thupc chi Anoectochilus Blume frSn dia ban 11 khu rung dac dung ciia dnh Tbanh Hoa. Ket qua ghi nban s6 loai thuoc chi Anoectochilus Blume tr^n dia ban tinh kha da dang voi 5 loai duoc ghi nhan la Anoectochilus calcareus Aver, Anoectochilus e/ii esu (C. B. Clarke ex Hook.f.) King & Pantl, Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wa[l.) Lindl., Anoectochilus annamensis Aver va Anoectochilus formosanus Hayata. Nghien ciiu bo sung 1 loai cho h.t thirc vat Khu Bao ton Thien nhien Xuan Lien Anoectochilus calcareus Aver, 1 loai ebo h6 thuc vat Khu Bao ton Thien nhien Pu Luong la Anoectochilus annamensis Aver va 1 loai cho he thuc vat tinh Thanh Hoa la loai Anoectochilus formosanus Hayata. Nghien cuu da cung cap duoc diroc bo du lieu voi thong tin ve binh thai, sinh thai, hinh anh va ban do phan bo ebo cac loai tbuoc chi Anoectochilus Blume tr^n dia ban tinh Thanh Hoa lam ca sa cho cong tac quan ly va bao ton cac loai thuc vat quy hiem tren.
Tvr kh6a; Anoectochilus Blume, da dang loai, ning dac dung, Thanh Hoa.
I.DATVANDE
Chi Lan kim hiyen (Anoectochilus Blume^, la mot chi thuc vat co hoa thuoc ho Lan (Orchidaceae), phan bo tren mot khu vuc rong Ion, tir vimg Himalaya den Dong Nam A, mi6n Nam Trung Quoc, lie, Papua New Guinea va mot so hai dao thuoc quan dao Thai Binh Duong. Trfin the gioi, chi Lan kim tuyen co khoang 40 - 50 loai (Phan Xuan Binh Minh, 2019). Lan kim tuy^n dupc biet den nhieu khfing chi hmh thai dep co gia tri lam canh, ma con boi gia tri dugc lifiu quy ddi voi sire khoe con nguoi, gitip difiu tn cac chung benh dau nguc, dau bung, tieu duong, vifim than, sot, huyet ap cao, bet duong, rdi loan gan, la lach va chting dau nhdi nguc. Theo y hpc co truyfin Trung Quoc, Lan kim tuyen dupc diing lam thudc dd dieu tri benh tieu duong, lam tan khdi u, giam lipase trong mau va chiia vifim gan GE)6 Tat Lpi, 2004); theo Vo Van Chi (2012), Lan kim hiyen dupc diing tri lao phdi, phong thap, dau nhtic khop xuong, don nga, viem da day man tinh. Nam 2006 Cue so- hiru tri tue Hoa Ky cap bang sang che sd US7033617B2 cong bd "Su dung cic chit chiet xui't thuc vit cua Lan kim tuydn vi cic phan din xui't de lam thio duac, thuc pham bd sung, chiic nang cho viec phdng ngira hoic diiu tn cic khdi u ic tinh".
Nam 2015, tac dung ciia Lan kim tuyen mot lan niia dirpc gbi nhan qua bang sang chfi sd US9072770B2,
Vien Nong nghiep Thanh Hoa ' Truang Dai hpc Lam nghidp
theo do cac loai Lan kim tuyen Anoectochilus spp., trong do Anoectochilus formosanus Hayata dmpt nguoi Dai Loan gpi la 'Vua thao dirpc" vi cac tic dung dupc ly da dang ciia nd nhu giam huyet ap va dudng huyet, bao vfi gan va tang cudng mifin dich.
6 Viet Nam, qua tdng hpp cua nhieu tai li^u nghien ctiu da ghi nhan dinh danh dupc 16 loai (Nguyfin Tien Ban, 2005; Vo Van Chi, 2012) frong do 5 loai cd ten trong Sach Dd Viet Nam la:
Anoectochilus roxburghu (Wall.) Lindl, Anoectochilus chapaensis Gagnep, Anoectochilus tridentatus Seidenf. ex Aver, Anoectochilus acalcaratiis Aver, Anoectochilus calcareus Aver (Sach Dd Viet Nam, 2007). Bfin canh dd, tiit ca d c loai Lan kim tuyen (Anoectochilus spp.) ciia Vi^t Nam da dupc dua vao danh muc cac loai cay dang nguy cap thupc nhdm IA cua Nghi dinh s6 06/2019/ND-CP (2019) ve quan ly thuc vat rimg.
dpng vat rimg nguy cap, quy, hiem va thuc thi cdng udc vfi buon ban qudc te cac loai ddng vat, thuc vat hoang da nguy cap, xep hang EN Ala, c, d, nghifim cam Idiai thac vi muc dicb thuong mai. Lan kim tuyen tai Vifit Nam ndi chung va Thanh Hda noi rifing da va dang hi con ngudi khai thac qua miic, din ddn nguy co hi tuyfit chung trong Ur nhifin nfiu khong cd giai phap bao tdn hifiu qua. Nghifin cuu n^y la CO sd khoa hpc nham bao tdn va quan ly hifiu qua ngudn gen quy hifim nay tren dia ban tinh Thanh Hda ndi rifing va Viet Nam ndi chung.
80
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 6/2020
KHOA HOC C O N G N G H E
2. PHUONB PHAP NGHBU Ciiu
Didu tra theo tuydn khao sat dien hinh. Tuyen dieu tra dupc thiet ke qua cae kieu tham thuc vat rtmg va qua cac dieu kien tu nhifin phan hoa khac nhau nhu dang dia hinh, dd cao. Tren cac tuyen dieu tra bdt gap lodi Lan kim tuydn, tien hanh thu thap mdu, chup anh, dinh vi toa dp bdng thiet bi dinh vi todn cau (GPS), ghi chep thong tin len phieu dieu tra.
Trong cdc miu Lan kim tuyen dupc thu thap, tien hanh chpn vd xu ly mpt sd mdu tifiu ban the hien dupc dac trung cua loai. Lodi dupc thu hai mlu vd chup dnh sfi dupc lap hd so md ta mpt sd dac diem co ban thuc vat ciia loai de phuc vu cho vific phan tich, gidm dmh.
Xu ly ldm tifiu ban tuoi: Ngam mlu Lan kim tuy^n thu dupc trong focmon (Formaldehide) ndng do 5%. Mlu sau khi dupc thu hai vd cho vdo mot Ip ldn d^ ngam, sau 5 - 7 ngay tien hanh thay dung dicb ddn khi dung dich ngam trong sudt (sau khoang 2 - 3 lan thay dung dich).
Viec xdc dinh ten loai Lan kim hiyen dugc tien banh trfin co sd' tra ciki cac tai lieu phdn loai thuc vat Bang 1. Da d^ng cdc lodi thuQc chi
chuyfin nganh (Pham Hodng Hp, 2000; Nguyfin Thifin Tjch, 2001; D6 Tat Loi, 2004; Nguyfin Tap, 2006; Vo Van Chi, 2012) va chuyen gia.
Sir dung cac phdn mem chuyfin dung Mapinfo de bifin tap, xay dimg ban dd phdn bd cac loai Lan kim hiyfin (Anoectochilus spp.). Cdc sd Ueu ddu vao de xay dung ban dd phan bd gdm tpa dp, dp cao, dia danh vd cac thong tin thu thdp dupc trong qud trinh dieu tra vd nghien ciiu.
3. KET Q M NGirai CUU VA THAO LUAN
3.1. Da d£mg thdnh phan lodi thudc chi Anoectochilus Blume tai b'nh Thanh Hda
Ket qua difiu tra theo tuydn tai cac khu rimg ddc dung ciia tinh Thanh Hda, ghi nhan 5/11 khu rimg dac dung cd phan bd tu nhien Lan kim tuyen. Trfin CO sd mdu vat, hinh anh Lan kim tuydn thu thap dupc trong qua trinh difiu tra, da xdc dinh dupc 5 lodi Lan kim tuyen, fliupc chi Anoectochilus cd phdn bd tai Thanh Hda, gdm: Anoectochilus calcareus Aver, Anoectochilus elwesn (C. B. Clarke ex Hook.f.) King
& Pantl, Anoectochilus roxburghh (Wall.) Lindl, Anoectochilus annamensis Aver va Anoectochilus fonnosanus Rayata (Bang 1).
Anoectochilus Blume tai TTianh Hda
TT
*
1 2
*
3 4 5
*
6
7
'
Ten rimg d^c dung Anoectochilus calcareus Aver
Anoectochilus elwesn King &
Pantl
Anoectochilus roxburghu (Wall.)
Lindl
Anoectochilus annamensis
Aver
Anoectochilus formosanus
Hayata Cic Vudn Qudcgia
Vudn Qudc gia Bdn En Vudn Qudc gia Ciic Phuong (trfin dia bdn tinh Thanh Hda)
X
Cic Khu Bao tdn Thiin nhien Khu Bdo tdn Thien nhifin Xudn Lifin Khu Bao tdn Thifin nhifin Pii Ludng Khu Bao tdn Thien nhien Pii Hu
X X X
X
X X X
X X
Cac Khu loii sinh canh Khu Bao tdn lodi Sen Tam Quy Khu Bdo tdn cdc loai hat tran quy hidm Nam Dpng
X X X X
Cic Khu bio vd einh quan
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 6/2020
KHOA HQC C6MG NGH^
8
9
10
11
Khu Di tich hch suvSn boa Ham Rdng Khu DI tich lich sir van hda Lam Kmh Khu Di tich Uch su van hda Tnrdng Lfi Khu Dl tich lich suvan hda Den Ba Trieu
Ghi chii: X: Cd ghi nhan phan bdtiinhien Ket qud nghien ciiu cho thay trfin dia ban tinh Thanh Hda kha da dang thanh phan lodi thupc chi Anoectochilus^^Sr^csciS: vdi 5 loai diroc ghi nhdn. Trong dd Khu Bao ton cdc lodi hat t r ^ quy hiem Nam Ddng nhieu nhat vdi 4 loai dupc ghi nhdn, Khu BTTN Pii Ludng va Xuan lifin mdi khu cd 3 loai dupc ghi nhan, Khu BTTN Pii Hu cd 2 loai vd Vudn Qudc gia Ben En cd 1 loai. Ket qua didu tra d Vudn Qudc gia Bdn En gidng vdi nghifin cuu cua Hoang Van Sam va P Baas (2008) vd ghi nhan lodi Anoectochilus roxburghh (Wall.) Lmdl. Tai khu BTTN Pii Ludng nghifin ciiu bo sung loai Anoectochilus calcareus Aver, so vdi nghien ctru cua (Cao Van Cudng, 2018).
Tai Khu BTTN Xuan Lifin ket qua nghifin cihi bo sung tbfim 1 loai Id Anoectochilus calcareus Aver.
, Nghifin cuu cung ghi nhan loai bd sung thfim cho khu hfi diuc vdt Thanh Hda la loai Lan gam Anoectochilus formosanus Hayata dupc phat bien cd j phdn bd tu nhifin tai Khu Bao tdn cdc lodi hat tran
• quy hiem Nam Dpng. Kdt qua nghifin ciiu cho thay tdng sd lodi thudc chi Anoectochilus trfin dia bdn tinh
! Thanh Hoa blng tdng sd lodi thupc chi Anoectochilus tai 12 tinh theo nghifin ciiu Phan Xudn Binh Minh (2019).
3.2. D5c di^m phdn bd
3.2.1. Phin bd theo vi tri dia ly dan vi hinh chinh
Hinh 1. Phdn bd cdc lodi thudc chi Anoectochilus t^
Thanh Hda
Ket qua dieu tra tai 11 khu rimg ddc dung cua tinh Thanh Hda, ghi nhdn cd 4 khu rung dac dung tren dia bdn 3 huyen cd phan bd tu nhifin Lan kim tuyen thupc chi Anoectochilus, cu the: Huyfin Quan Hda (Khu BTTN Pii Hu, Khu BTTN Pii Ludng va Khu Bao tdn cac lodi bat h^n quy hidm Nam Ddng), huyfin Ba Thuoc (Khu BTTN Pii Ludng) va huy^n Thudng Xudn (Khu BTTN Xudn Uen).
3.2.2 Phan bdtheo dp cao
Kdt qua dieu tra, nghien cuu 5 lodi:
Anoectochilus calcareus Aver, Anoectochilus elwesii (C. B. Clarke ex Hook.£) Kmg & PanU, Anoectochilus roxburghu (WaU.) lindl, Anoectochilus annamensis Aver va Anoectochilus formosanus Hayata tai Thanh Hda cho thay chung hlu het cd phdn bd a dp cao tir 700 m frd len, mpc nhieu d dp cao 900 - 1.200 m), ca bifit cd loai Anoectochilus annamensis Aver phdn bd d dp cao 300 m va dai cao tren 1.200 m cua dinh Pii Gid - Khu BTTN Xudn Lifin).
3.3. D§c di^m hinh thdi, smh cdnh ciia cdc loii Lan kun tuydn (4aoectochilus ^ p . ) t^i Thanh Hda
3.3.1. Anoectochilus calcareus Aver - Lan kim tuydn da vdi
Cay than thao, cd 3 - 4 la bmh hiing, tiiy tttng didu kifin sdng ma Id mdt trfin cd mdu xanh tham dam, mdu xanh phdt tim, mdu xanh nau sam ho^c ndu nhat, mupt nhu nhung, vdi gan mdu trdng bac ho§c hdng nhat, mat dudi mdu ndu do; Anoectochilus calcareus Aver bdn Id khd ldn voi kich thiroc binh qudn khoang dai x rpng (7 cm x 4 cm). Than khi sinh map, mpc thang hoac nghieng trfin mat ddt, ddi khoang 3 - 10 cm, ddt than tir 0,8 - 3 cm, thdn mdu xanh nhdn. Than rfi nlm bo trfin mat dat, ddi khi dupc lop mim. Id cdy che phu; than rfi co mdu xanh.
Rfi dupc mpc ra hi cdc ddt trfin than rfi, doi khi mpc tir ddt ciia than khi smb, rfi dai den 8 cm, cb cdc long
82
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN N 6 N G THON - KY 2 - THANG 6/2020
KHOA HOC C 6 N G NGHE
hiit va bdm dat toi xdp hodc la, cdnh cdy muc. Ra hoa thang 7 - 8, cum hoa 10 cm, 2 - 3 la bac, la b i c dai 8 - 10 mm. Bau ddi 8 -10 mm, cd ldng ram. La dai mau Iuc sang, mat trfin cd long thua; la dai giira hinh tning rdng, dai 4 mm, dinh cut; Id ddi bfin hinh tning h?p, kich thtrdc 6 - 2,6 mm. Cd 3 - 5 hoa, canh hoa trlng, xanh nhat d dinh, hinh liem, kich thudc khoang ddi x rdng (4 mm x 1,5 mm), phin tren dinh vdi la ddi giua tao thanh tiii. Mdi mdu trdng, dai khoang 14 mm tir dinh cua den dinh, gdc m6i cd cua hinh cdn, kich thirdc khoang dai x r6ng (3 mm x 2,5 mm), cd tuyen b mdi ben. Cpt cao 3 mm, cd 2 phan phu hinh canh nho, diing. Qua chin thang 10 - 11, chiim qua cd 5 - 8 qua nang, mdu nau do, chira nhidu bat, khi chin cac nang tach ra phat tan hat de tai smh.
Forst), Da (Ficus dmpacea), Bua (Garclnla sp.), Tram (Camarium sp.),...va mpt vdi loai thupc hp Xoai (Anacardiaceae), Long nao (Lauraceae) va hp Xoan (MeUaceae).
3.3.2. Anoectochilus elwesn (C. B. Clarke ex Hook.f.) Kmg & Panti- Giai thuy tim
Cdy than thao, lau nam, cay cao 15 - 20 cm, cd 4 - 7 la hmh tning mau ndu, dau la nhpn, la cd 3 gan, kich thudc dai tir 2 den 5 cm rpng hr 1 ddn 2 cm mep la trong, cd mdu nau, cuong la dai 0,8 - 1 cm. Thdn khi sinh mpc thing, mdu xanh phdt tim, vd bdng, nhin khong cd long. Than rfi nam bd trfin mdt dat, ddi khi mpc d cac khe da, ddt than tu 0,5 -1,1 cm. Rfi dupc mpc ra hr cac ddt trfin thdn rfi, bam vdo dat am, toi xdp.
Hinh 2. Anoectachilus calcareus Aver Sinh einh sdng: Anoectochilus calcareus Aver Id lodi dac hiiu ciia Viet Nam (Sdch Dd Viet Nam, 2007). Loai nay dupc ghi nhdn phan bd tu nhifin tai Khu BTTN Pii Luong, Khu BTTN Xuan Uen va Khu Bao tdn cac loai hat tran Nam Ddng, dudi tan rimg nguyfin sinh mtra miia nhiet ddi la rpng thudng xanh tren niii da voi thap xen niii dat. Loai rimg nay rat phd bidn trong cac khu vuc dupc nghien ciiu d dp cao 700 -1.200 m. Chiing mpc tren nhung phan cao ciia sudn nhiing day da voi xen ldn dat, kieu rimg it bi tac dpng. Lan kim tuyen dd vol cd kha nang tai sinh tir hat tdt, ngoai ra cdn gap lodi nay cd kha nang tdi sinh tir thdn rfi hodc than khi sinh; thdnh phin loai va cdu tnic dien hinh nhdt ciia kieu rimg dupc thay frfin nhiing sudn khdng ddc qua vd tren nhimg dudng dinh cd dd cao trung binh n l m giua cac dinh vd chdp mii cao. Loai da voi kdt tinh ciing mdu trlng, mau vdng hoac mdu xdm sdng. Lop mim la cay day 5 - 10 cm. Thuc vat chidm uu thd la cac lodi Gidi (Tsoongiodendron odomm Chun), Xoan Ddo (Pygeum arboreum Endl), Sang (Pometia plnata
Hinh 3. Anoectachilus ehvesti (C. B. Clarke ex HookX) King & Pantl
Sinh einh sdng: Loai Anoectochilus elwesn (C.
B. Clarke ex Hook.f.) King & Pantl sdng dudi tdn rimg kin thudng xanh cdy la rpng mua miia nhiet ddi it bi tdc ddng (nguyfin sinh) fren dat feralit phat trien tir da voi dai do cao 700 -1.200. Sinh canh rimg gdm cac loai thuc vdt uu the, nhu Cdng nui (Calophyllum balansae). Son t r a (Eriobotrya bengalensis), Bi tat (Plstacia weinmanifoUa), Platycarya stroblUfera, Chan chim niii (Schefflera pesavis), Thich Bdc bp (Acer tonklnense). Da cac loai (Ficus spp.^. Thong nang (Dacrycarpus Imbricatus), Cui la ldn (Heritiera macrophylla),...
3.3.3. Anoectochilus roxburghu (Wall.) Lindl - Kim tuydn ta
Loai than thao lau nam, cao 10- 20 cm. La don, cd 3 - 5 Id, cd long, hmh tning, mdu xanh den xanh dam hodc mdu dd nau dam, day frdn, dinh cd mui, ddi 3,5 • 4 cm, rdng 2 - 3 cm; cd 3 - 5 dudng gdn doc va mang luoi gan mdu vang hoac hdng, cudng Id ddi 1 - 2 cm, day nd thdnh be dm than. Than khi sinh than thao.
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 6/2020
83KHOA HOC C 6 N G N G H £
cd cac ldng tii 0,8 -1,2 cm, mong mrdc, cd mdu tim, khong cd long; mpc thing hodc hoi nghifing fren mat dat. Than rfi thudng cd mdu ndu hoac frlng, bo ngang hoac nghieng frfin mat dat, thudng cd long dai hon so vdi phan than khi sinh. Rfi dupc moc ra tir cdc ddt frfin than rfi, doi khi mpc tir ddt cua thdn khi sinh, rfi cd cdc long hiit vd bam dat toi xdp ho§c Id, cdnh cay muc. Cum hoa ddi 5 - 7 cm; bfin dudi cd la d ^ g la bac, frai xoan, nhpn d dinh, ddi 8 mm, mau hdng. Hoa thua, 4 - 1 1 cai, mdu frdng, dai 2,5 - 3 cm, Id dai sau va 2 canh tao ra mu cd miii, dung dung, ddi 6 mm, rpng 7 mm, cd long b mat ngodi, la dai bfin hinh xoan dai, nhpn, dai 8 mm, rpng 3,5 mm, canh mdi dai 1,5 cm cd can dai 7 mm, nd ra d day thdnh phien tam giac, dai 4 mm, phan hep con lai cd 5 - 8 tua; b mdi bfin, tua dai 5 mm, ddu moi xe thdnh 2 thiiy frdn ddi, ddi 7 mm, rpng 2 mm; mdng ddi 7 mm md ra phia frfin dang cdi phdu. Bao phan hinh friing, ddi 3 - 4 mm. Qua nang, bfin frong qua cd mdt tru n l m chinh gitia va cd chiia nhieu hat nhd bdm quanh tru. Sau khi qua chin, vd qua kh6 tdch ra theo 3 dudng nut dpc, cac hat nhd se bay ra. Cay tai sinh frong tu nhien tir chdi va hat.
Hinh 4. Anoectnchllus roxburghu (WalL) lindl Smh canh sdng: Anoectochilus roxburghh (Wall.) Lindl sdng frong rtmg kin la rpng hay rimg hdn giao gd - fre nira, ua ddt ldn cdt, mpc d dp cao 200 -1.600 m so vdi muc nude bien. Thanh phan thuc vat uu thfi la cac loai Re la bdi ldi (Cmnamomum litsaefohuni), Bcri ldi xanh (Litsea viridi^, Su (Phoebe lanceolata), Sdi Id bac (Quercus glauea), De la fre (Q. bambusaefoba). Sang (Pometia pintana), Dau da dit (Baccaurea ramiflora), Mdu chd (Knema sp.) va mpt sd loai frong cbi Ficus...; tang dudi tan thudng gap cac loai thupc hp Ca phfi (Rubiaceae), hp Ngu gia bi (Araliaceae). hp Ray (Araceae), hp Quyen ba (Selaginellaceae), mpt sd lodi hp fre nita...
3.3.4. Anoectochilus annamensis .-irfr Khn tuydn Tmngbd
Cdy than thao, moc b dat La don. co mdu ndu do b mat frfin va phu long min nhu nhung. mdt duoi la CO mau ndu dd nhat, nhdn vdi 5 gdn gdc ndi nhd, la bmh tning, gan frdn d gdc, diu la hoi nhon vd cd mui ngan, thutmg dai frr 3 - 5 cm, rong 2 - 4 cm, cuong dai 0,6 -1,2 cm, thudng nhin va cd mau frlng xanh, d6i khi hoi do tia d be la, mpc each, xoln quanh than, xde frfin mat dat Kich diudc cac la frfin mdt cay thudng khde nhau ro ret. Thdn khi sinh cd didn r^
mpc ddi frfin dat mong nude. Hoa dai 10 - 20 cm, 6 ngon thdn, mang 4 - 10 hoa, moc thua. Ld bdc hinh tning, ddi 6 -10 mm, mdu hong. Cac manh bao hoa ddi khoang 6 mm; cdnh mdi mdu trlng ddi ddn 1,5 cm, mdi ben gdc mang 6 - 8 ddi hep, dau che doi.
Mua hoa thang 10 - 12, miia qua chin thdng 12 - 3 nam sau.
Hinh 5. AnoectxKbllus annamensis Anei Sinh einh sdng: Anoectochilus annamensis Psstr sdng frong rimg kin la rpng thudng xanh, mpc a dO cao bi 300 m den frfin 1.200 m so vdi muc nude bidn, phdn bd tai Khu BTTN Xuan Uen. Thvrc vdt chu y^u la cac lodl Cd di (Castanopsis indica), Soi (Lithocarpus dussaudi), De da (Uthocarpus coachilus), De cau (Quecus Beury), Gidi thom (Tsoogiodendron odomm), Vang tdm (Mangleria dandy),... 6 do cao frr 1.000 m frd len phd bien mdt sd lodl De la fre (Quercus bambusaefoba), Cut ngya (Archidendron tonkmensis). Thong ndng (Dacrycarpus imbricatus), Hodng dan gia (Dacrydium elatuni), Pa mu (Fokienia hodginssi), Sa mu (Cunnuighamia konishn). Bach xanh (Calocedrus macrolepis)....mbt so ghi nhdn mpc a rimg tnic, sat am uot.
84
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 6/2020
KHOA HOC C d N G N G H |
3.3.5. Anoectochilus fyrmosanus Hayata - Lan gdm
Cay thdn thao, moc b tridn mii dat xen ke frfin mii dd v6i. La don, mpc each xoln quanh than, xoe frfin m^t dat, ddi tir 3 - 6 cm, rpng hi 3 - 4,5 cm, mat frfin thdng thudng cd mdu xanh thdm, he gan la mang ludi ldng chim, thutmg cd mau frlng bac. doi khi gan b giiia cd mdu vang nhat; mat duoi la cd mau ndu dd, nhin vdi 5 gan gdc ndi ro; cudng la ddi 0,5 - 1,2 cm, be la ndi ro va nhdn. Than khi sinh mpng nude, thudng mpc thing diing frfin mat dat, it khi mpc nghifing; chieu ddi thdn khi smh tir 3 - 6 cm, mang nhidu ldng, cdc ldng cd chidu ddi khac nhau;
sd ldng frfin thdn khi sinh thay ddi tir 2 - 6 long; chieu ddi mdi long hi 1,5 - 5 cm. Thdn rfi n l m ngang sdt mat dat, ddi khi hm nghifing, bd ddi; chieu dai thdn rfi bi 6 -13 cm, trung binh la 8 cm. Sd ldng frfin than rfi tir 3 -10 ldng, trung binh la 7 long; chieu dai cua ldng tir 1,5 - 4 cm. Rfi dupc mpc ra tir cac mdu fren thfin r^i ddi khi rfi cung dupc hmh tbanh tir thdn khi sinh; hoa hi chiim mpc b diu ngon cay, true hoa ddi tir 5 - 20 cm, thudng phii long mau nau dd, mang tir 4 - 10 hoa. Qua nang, ben frong qua cd mot tru nlm chinh giiia vd cd chiia nhieu hat nhd bam quanh tru.
Sau khi qua chin, vo qua kho tach ra theo 3 duong nut dpc, cac hat nhd sfi bay ra. Cdy tdi sinh frong tu nhifin tir chdi va hat.
Hinh 6. Anoectochilus fytmosanusYizYatJa Sinh canh sdng: Anoectochilus formosanus Hayata sdng frong rimg kin la rdng fren ddi dat xen vdi niii dd voi, d dd cao 900 -1.200 m so vdi muc nude bidn, t ^ Khu Bao tdn cac lodi hat fran Nam Dpng.
Trang thai rimg noi gap phdn bd lodi Anoectochilus hrmosanus Hayata phd bien Thong Pa Cd (Pmus kwangtungensis) Id loai uu the duy nhdt tao nfin ting 1 cua kieu rimg nguyfin sinh ram thudng xanh mua miia nhiet ddi cay la kim mii thap frfin da voi. Cac
lodi uu the chinh thupc chi Thich Acer (Hp Thich Aceraceae), chi Sdi Lithocarpus, chi De Castanopsis thudc hp De (Fagaceae), chi Md Machilus (ho Long Ndo Lauraceae); tang cdy bin mpc phd bien mdt sd lodi thudc chi Trpng Dua (Ardlsia), chi Mai tap (Aldla), ciing nhu cac loai fre niia...
4 . KET LUAN
Kdt qua dieu fra ghi nhan frfin dia ban tinh Thanh Hda cd 5 loai thupc chi Anoectochilus la:
Anoectochilus calcareus Aver, Anoectochilus elwesn (C. B. Clarke ex Hook.f.) King & PanU, Anoectochilus roxburghh (Wall.) Lindl.
Anoectochilus annamensis Aver vd Anoectochilus formosanus Hayata. Nghifin ciiu cung bd sung them 1 loai mdi cho Khu BTTN Xudn Uen la Anoectochilus roxburghu (WaU.) Lindl va 1 loai cho Thanh Hda la Anoectochilus fonnosanus Hayata.
Cac loai thupc chi Anoectochilus b Thanh Hda chi ghi nhdn cd phan bd tu nhifin tai 5/11 khu rimg ddc dung dupc dieu fra, moc duoi tan khu rimg cdn gidu va nguyfin smh frfin cac dinh mii cao tir 700 - 1.200 m, ca bifit cd loai Anoectochilus annamensis Aver phdn bd d dp cao tir 300 den fren 1.200 m.
Nghien cuu da cung cap thong tin cac lodi thudc chi Anoectochilus tai tinh Thanh Hda tir dd cd co sd cho viec qudn ly bao tdn vd phat trien ngudn gen quy hiem nay.
TAIUEU THAM KMO
1. Cao Van Cudng (2018). Nghifin ciiu quan ly bao tdn da dang sinh hpc thuc vat tai Khu BTTN Pii Ludng, Thanh Hda. Ludn an tifin si, Trudng Dai hpc Lam nghiep.
2. Dd Tdt Lpi (2004). Nhiing cay tiiudc vd vi tiiudc Viet Nam. NXB Y hpc, Ha Npi.
3. Hoang Van Sam and P. K. P Baas (2008). Plant Biodiversity in Ben En National Park, Vietnam.
Agriculture PubUshing House, Ha Noi.
4. Nghi dinh sd 06/2019/ND-CP (2019). Ve qudn ly thuc vat rimg, ddng vdt rimg nguy cap, quy, hiem vd thuc thi Cong udc ve buon ban qudc te cdc lodi ddng vdt, thuc vdt hoang da nguy cap. Chinh phu nude Cdng hda Xa hdi Chii ngbia Viet Nam.
5. Nguyfin Tap (2006). Danh Iuc Dd cdy thudc Viet Nam. Tap chi Duoc hfiu 3 (11); 97 -105.
6. Nguyfin Tifin Ban (2005). Danh Iuc cdc lodi thuc vat Viet Nam. NXB Nong nghiep. Ha Npi.
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 6/2020 85
KHOA HQC C 6 N G N G H I
7. Nguyfin Thifin Tich (2001). Lan Viet Nam. (Anoectochilus Blume) 6 Vifit Nam. Luan an tidn s j . NXB Nong nghiep thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh. Vien Sinh thdi Tai nguyfin sinh vdt.
8. Pham Hoang Hd (2000). Cdy cd Vifit Nam. 10. Sdch Dd Viet Nam (2007). Phan 11- Thuc vdL NXB Tre, Ha Noi. NXB Khoa hpc Tu nhifin vd Cong nghe. Hd Npi.
9. Phan Xudn Binh Mmh (2019). Nghifin cim 11. Vo Van Chi (2012). Tir dien cay tiiudc Vi§t m6t sd CO sd khoa koc nhim bao tdn, phat frien va su Nam. NXB Y hpc.
dung ben viing mdt sd lodi frong chi kim tuydn
DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTION OF ANOECTOCHHUSBLIME IN THANH HOA PROVINCE Nguyen Trong Quyen\ Bui Van Thang^, Hoang Van Sam^
'Thanh Hoa Agrieultiire Institute
^Vietnam National University of Forestiy Summary
This paper is the results of study on Anoectochilus Blume in Thanh Hoa province A total of five species has been recorded m 5 ofll Protected Areas m Tbanh Hoa province, including Anoectochilus calcareus Aver, Anoectochilus elwesii (C. B. Clarke ex Hook.f.) King & Pantl, Anoectochilus roxburghii (WaU.) Lindl.
Anoectochilus annamensis Aver va Anoectochilus formosanus Hayata. Among of which Anoectochilus calcareus Aver is a new record species to flora in Xuan lien Natural Reserve, Anoectochilus annamensis Aver is a new record species to Pu Luong Natural Reserve, and Anoectochilus formosanus Hayata is a new record species to Tbanh Hoa province. The study also provides data base of five species Anoectochilus Blume in the research area, including morphological and habitat characteristic, distribution maps and color pictures. That information are significant contnbution for conservation of those species not only in Thanh Hoa province but also in Vietnam.
Keywords: Anoectochilus Blume, biodiversi^, protected area, Thanh Hoa province.
Ngudi phdn bi$n: TS. Nguyfin Qudc Dimg Ngdy n h ^ bdi: 24/4/2020
Ngdy thdng qua phdn bidn: 25/5/2020 Ngdy duyet ddng: 01/6/2020
