^NcAY NAY SO 3-2012
aSki i*?'!.'!©.,'.
33
Hudng din hpc sinh viet phan mcf bai, than bai va ket bai trong van mieu ta tf tieu hpc
N G U Y E N V A N D O N G TrQdng Tieu hpe Quang Long, Quang Trach, Quang Binh
6 bdc tieu hpc, cdc em hpc sinh dQpc hpc t h i lopi vdn mieu ta gom nhieu kilu bai: ta do vdt, ta cdy coi, td loai vdt, ta canh vpt, ta ngQdi, ta canh sinh hopt. Qua thyc t l dpy hpc cho tha'y, hpc sinh tieu hpc ra't ham thfch hpc van midu ta vd cd kha nang vilt dQdc nhOng bdi van mieu ta tot. VI the, day mdi loai tilt phai dam bao thQc hien day du cdc npi dung vd hodn thdnh tot nhidm vu cua loai tilt dd. Trong t h i loai van mieu ta, mdi kilu bdi cd nhOng yeu cau rieng v l kiln thQc, kT nang nhQng lai cung chung quy trinh, mpt dan bdi chung vd cdc bQdc thQc hien de hpc sinh tap van dyng vdo bai van cy the. 6 bdi vilt nay, chf xin d l cap den viec vilt 3 phan (md bdi - thdn bdi - k i t bdi) cua bdi van mieu ta ndi chung. Khi giang day, gido vien can chu y ren cho hpc sinh kT nang sap xep y - lap ddn bdi chi tilt cho bo cyc ba phan: md bai- than bdi- k i t bdi. Cd the hQdng ddn hpc sinh thQc hipn cdch md bdi, vilt phan thdn bdi vd phan k i t bdi nhQ sau:
1. Van mieu ta Id t h i loai van can cQ vdo nhQng dieu quan sdt dQpc, cam nhan dQpc bang cdc gidc quan v l doi tQpng (lodi vat, do vat, canh vat, con ngQdi...), rii dung net ve ngdn ngO de ve ra hlnh anh, dac tinh chdn thQc cua doi tQpng dd, trinh bay theo mdt bo cyc hpp li va diln dat bang Idi van sinh ddng, giup ngQdi dpc, ngQdi nghe cung thay, cung cam nhdn nhQ minh.
<5 bac tiiu hpc djnh hQdng day tap lam van mieu ta thQdng di theo may bQdc sau:
- Xde djnh the loai, kieu bdi, tim hiiu kTdl bdi d l xde djnh dung yeu cau d l bai, lam bdi dung hQdng, khdng lac d l , khdng diln dat lan man.
Tim y chfnh can thilt de trien khai bai van. Lap ddn bdi tQ sd IQpc d i n chi tiet de sap x l p y theo mdt trinh ty hpp If, rd rang.
- Chuyen ddn y thanh van ndi (ndi tQng doan, sau dd trinh bdy ca bai).
- Diln dat thdnh bdi van viet (lam van viet).
Do doi tQpng mieu ta khac nhau nen ndi dung mieu ta, ngdn ngQ mieu ta, edeh so sdnh, nhan hod, dQng tQ dat cau...
trong tQng kilu bdi cung cd sQ khde nhau, 2. VIET PHAN M d BAI
Trong bo cue mdt bdi van mieu ta d tiiu hpc cd 3 phan (md bai, thdn bdi va kit bdi), phan md bdi cd nhiem vy gidi thieu ndi dung se ndi den theo yeu cau cua d l bai, hQdng vdo d l van, can gidi thieu ngan gpn, cu t h i v l dd'i tQpng dQpc mieu ta Id
ngQdi, loai v$t, cdy cdi,,.. Phan nay cd t h i vilt theo kilu md bdi trQc tilp, md bdi gidn tilp, hodc gidi thieu hodn canh xuat hien cua doi tupng hay gidi thieu theo kieu phdt bieu cam nghTve doi tupng dQpc mieu ta,
a. IVId bai theo kieu tryb tiep. La k l ngay vao viec (bdi van k l chuyen) hodc gidi thidu ngay ngQdi hay sy vat dQpc ta (bdi van mieu ta) mpt cdch cy the, ro rdng.
Vdi cdch md bdi nay, nen khuyen khfch hpc sinh cd kha nang hpc van d mQc trung binh van dyng de vilt bdi.
b. Md bii theo kieu giin tiep: Ld ndi chuyen khde cd lien quan roi tim ra cdi "cd" d l dan vdo chuyen (hoac vdo doi tupng) djnh k l (hoac ta) mpt cdch sinh ddng vd hap ddn.
Vdi cdch md bdi ndy, gido vien nen khuyin khfch hpc sinh khd, gidi van dung d l vilt bdi, giup cdc em nang dan kha nang vilt van, phdt triln tdm hon van.
VI du. De bai "Ta con dudng quen thugc td nhi em tdi tn/dng". (SGK- TVS, tip 1, trang 83). Md bai theo hai cich nhu sau:
+ Md bdi trQc tilp; Td nhi em den trUdng cd thi di theo nhieu nga dUdng. NhUng eon dudng ma em thich di han ea la eon dudng Nguyin TrUdng To.
+ Md bdi gidn t i l p ; Tuoi tha cda em ed biit bao kiniem gin vdi nhdng cinh vat eda que huang. Diy li ddng sdng nhd day ap tieng cUdi cua tmn tre chung em moi buoi chieu he. Kia la trien di rgn ra tiing hit eda thanh nien nam nO nhdng dem sing tring. NhUng gin gui, than thiet nhat vdi em vin li con dudng td nhi din tn/dng - con dUdng dep de sud't nhdng nam thing hge trd cda em.
c. Md bai theo kiSu gidi thi^u hoin canh xuat hi$n: Ld neu hodn canh xuat hien cQa doi tQpng dQpc mieu ta, tQ dd triln khai, vilt tilp cdc phan cua bdi van theo mach cam xuc.
W dy;Oopn van ndy md bdi theo cdch vQa k l vQa ta: Toi di dgc Hi vio vUdn. Con ehd chay trudc tdi Chat no ddng chin vi bit diu bo, tudng nhU dinh hai thiy vit gl Toi nhin dgc Id'i di vi thiy mgt con se non mep ving dng, tren dau co mgt nhdm Idng to. Nd rai tdtrin to xuong.
(Con se, Tuoc-Ghe-Nhep, TV4).
d. Mdbai theo each bgc lg cam xuc. La neu cam xQc noi bat,' bpc Id tinh cam chdn thdnh, yeu min... hoac ngQpc lai cua ban thdn ngQdi vilt v l doi tQdng dQdc mieu ta.
- Vf dy: Ldng que tdi da khuat han, nhQng tdi vdn dam dam
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^LiiM. dlltiai iairitiiii 'i-tiii SO 3-2012DrntvctHoc
— . .JNGAYNAY
nhin theo. Tdi da di nhilu ndi, ddng qudn nhilu ch5 phong canh dpp hdn ddy nhilu, nhdn ddn coi tdi nhQ ngQdi Idng vd cung cd nhQng ngQdi ydQ tdi tha thilt, nhQng sao sQc quyln rCi nhd thQdng van khdng mdnh li^t, day dOt b&ng mdnh dd't cpc can ndy.
(Tinh qud hQdng, TVS).
Bdi vdn (Tinh qui huang) md d i u b^ng m?it cdu nglm (cdu chu de), tilp theo Id mpt cdu ddi cd nhOng v l cdu ding l^p, vdi nhQng d i u cdu ngit nhjp khdng d i u , ddn d|ip, rlt phu hpp vdi mdt ddng tinh cdm dang tudn trdo, Ldng y§u qud hQdng da diet, mdnh lidt cua anh bd dpi ldm ngudi dpc nao nQc chd dpi anh ndi tilp, anh t h i ip d l cung vdi anh chia s l mpt tinh cdm sdu xa, quy gid cua con ngQdi,,,
3. VIET PHAN THAN BAI
Phin thdn bdi Id phin chinh cua bdi vdn ndn phin ndy gIm nhilu dopn vdn vd chQa dQng nhieu y nghTa quan trpng nhit, Phin thdn bdi t^p trung midu td nhOng ndt nli b$t, ridng bi$t nhat eua doi tQpng, Cdc y phdi dQpc sdp xep theo trinh ty hpp ly d l ddi tQpng dQpc midu ta hi^n len rd ndt, sinh dpng vd bilu cam.
Dilu quan trpng d phin thdn bdi Id phdi bilt diln td liln mpch suy nghT, cdm xuc cua ngQdi vilt, trong sdng trong tinh cam. sap xlp cdc y thdnh nhOng dopn vdn mpch Ipe, Moi dopn vdn nen tap trung ndu bdt, lam rd mpt dyng •^ midu td, Cd t h i dd Id mdt y v l khdng gian, thdi gian, hodc mdt y v l ddc dilm ndo dd cua doi tupng dQpc tdch rieng ra de midu ta,,, Khdng nen sdp nhdp tat ca cdc y trong phan than bdi thdnh mdt ho^c hai dopn van. Do vdy, trong van mieu ta, hpc sinh thudng dQpc hQdng dan quan sdt, mieu ta theo nhQng trinh ty hpp If, cy t h i nhQ sau:
a. Mieu ta theo trinh tt/ thdigiarr. Ld cdch quan sdt sQ vdt, hien tupng theo dien tiln cua thdi gian tQ luc bat dau d i n khi k i t thuc, tQ mua ndy sang mua khde, tQ thdng ndy sang thdng khde,... Cdi gi xay ra trQdc (cd trQdc) thi mieu ta trQdc, cdi gi xay ra sau (cd sau) thi mi&u ta sau. Trinh ty nay thudng dQpc vdn dung trong bdi vdn mieu ta canh vdt, hidn tupng tQ nhien (td canh) hay ta canh sinh hopt cua con ngQdi,
Vi du. Cd nhdng ciy mua nio cung d^p nhU ciy bing.
Mda xuin, li bing mdi niy trdng nhU nhdng nggn Ida xanh.
Sang he, li lin that diy, inh sing xuyin qua chl edn li miu nggc bch. Khi li bing ngi sang miu li/e, iy li mda thu. Sang din nhdng ngiy cuii ddng, mua cua li )yng, nd lai co vi d^p riing. Nhdng li bing mua ddng dd nhu ddng iy, tdi cd thi nhin ci ngiy khdng chin...
(Li bing- TV4, tip 2) b. Mieu ti theo trinh ttf khdng gian. La tQquan sdt todn bi) (cdi chung) den quan sdt tQng bp ph$n (cdi rieng) ho^c ngQpc lai. Ta tQ xa d i n gan, tQ tren xuong dQdi, tQ ngoai vdo trong, tQ trdi sang phai.., hoac ngQpc Ipi. Trinh ty ndy thQdng dQpc vfin dung khi mieu ta lodi vdt, canh vdt, dd vdt, cdy coi ndi chung.
- Vf dy:„,NhQng cdn gid sdm d i m mOi hii, tQ cdc d l i trpc Ldc Binh xdn xao xuong, trdn vdo cdnh ding Thit Khe, lua Idn nhQng hang dd Van Lang tren bidn gidi, do xuong Cao LOc, Chi Lang,..
(RQng h6i XQ Lpng, TVS).
Doan van tren, tdc gia mieu ta cdc sy vat, hipn tQpng dQpc lien k i t vdi nhau bang nhQng vj tri khac nhau trong khdng gian.
NhOng ddng tQ chf sQ van ddng cua nhOng cdn ^id (xuing, trdn vio, Ida len, do xuong) noi liln cdc vj tri, ndi chon (tdddi troc Ldc Binh, din cinh ddng That Khi, din...) lam cho bQc tranh mieQ
td th^t sing d?)ng,
c. Ti theo tdng d$c dlim cua ddi tUffng. Moi sQ v$t, hi^n tQpng thQdng chQa dQng nhOng ddc dilm ridng bi^t, vi thi khi midu td thiy d^c dilm gi n l i b|it nhit, thu hut ban thdn, gay c6m xuc mpnh cho bdn thdn thi t^p trung quan sdt trQdc, t^
trQdc; cdc b$ ph^n khde quan sdt sau, td sau. NhQng cung khdng nhit thilt phdi midu td t i t cd cdc d$c dilm cQa d6i tQpng, Trinh ty ndy thQdng dQpc v^n dyng khi td d l v^t, loai v|lt, td ngQdi,
Vf dy:,,,A Chdng trdng nhQ m^t con ngQa td hai tuoi, chdn chpy qua chfn ndi mQdi khe khdng bilt m^t, khoe qud!
dpp qudi A Chdng dpp ngQdi th|it. MQdi 18 tuli ngQc nd vong cung, da dd nhQ lim, b i p tay bdp chdn rdn nhQ trdc, gy, Voc cao, vai r^ing, ngQdi dQng thing nhQ cdi c|t dd trdi tring. Nhi/ng phdi nhin Hpng A Chdng cdy mdi thiy hit v l dpp cua anh,,,
(Hpng A Chdng, TVS, tdpl)
4. P H A N K ^ T BAI
Phin kit bdi (kit thuc bai vdn, hay cdn gpi Id kit ludn, phin culi,,.) Idm nhi^m vy khdp Ipi npi dung midu td vd phdt bilu nhQng cdm nghT cua ngQdi vilt. Tuy theo doi tupng dQpc mieu td, tuy theo n^i dung da triln khai, da vilt trong phdn thdn bai, md phin kit bdi cd t h i vilt theo kilu ddnh gid Ipi ich cua doi tQpng dQpc midu td hodc theo kilu phdt bilu nhQng suy nghi hay bpc Ip nhQng tinh cam cua ban thdn d l i vdi d l i tQpng dii^lc mi&u ta.
6 tiiu hpc, phan kit bdi chf ddi hoi hpc sinh vilt ngdn gpn, ndu cdm nghT sdt d l bdi mpt each tQ nhien, co gdng d l lai an tupng trong Idng ngQdi dpc. Cdch vilt phan kit bdi can luu y nhQng diem sau:
- Bdm sdt t h i lopi, kieu bdi vdn d l viet phan kit bai, trong vdn mieu ta can phdt bilu cam nghi
- G ipng vdn chdn thdnh, tQ nhidn, cd cam xuc rieng cua ban thdn, trdnh cdch kit bdi sdo rdng, gQpng ep.
- Gan phan kit bdi vdi phin thdn t>di mOt each chpt che, khdng chuyin y mpt cdch dpt ngOt, nen lien hp, khdi quat ti^
nhQng y chinh vd npi dung cd ban da trien khai trong phan than bdi.
a. Kit bii khdng mdr^g: Cho bilt kit cyc, khdng binh luan thdm.
b. Kit bii mdrgng: Sau khi cho bilt k i t cyc, cd ldi binh luan thdm, suy rpng ra cdc v i n de khde.
VI dtf. D l b d i " Ti con dUdng quen thugc td nhi em tdi tnJdng'. (SGK- TVS, t$p 1, trang 83). Kit bii theo haidchnhU sau:
+ Kit bdi khdng md rpng: Con dUdng tdnhi em den trddng cd le khdng khic nhiiu lim nhdng con dUdng trong thinh pho, nhung nd th$t thin thiit dii vdi em.
+ K i t bdi md r^ng: Em rit yiu quy con dUdng td nha d^n trUdng. Sing nio di hgc, em cung thiy con dUdng rit sach se.
Em biit diy li nhd cdng quet dgn ngiy dim cda cic cd bac cdng nhin ve sinh. Em vi cie ban bio nhau khdng xi ric biia bai di con dUdng ludn sach, dep.
c. Kit bii theo kieu dinh gia Ipi Ich cua doi tufi/ng. Tuy vdo cdch cam, each nghlcija ngQdi vilt ve doi tQpng dQpc mieu ta.
D l i tQpng ay mang Ipi nilm vui, ndi buon; dem Ipi Ipi fch v l tinh than, vpt chat... ma vilt phan k i t bdi cho sat dung vdi dli tUpng dQpc mieu ta mpt cdch cd dpng nhat.
- Vf dy: Cui tram den cd chat beo, bQi va thdm. Tram den rat Qa xdo vdi tdp md. Tram den cdn dQpc dQng lam I mai, phdi khd d l an dan. Chieu ehilu, tdi thQdng ra dau ban nhin
Di^aHpC 50 3-2012
. / N G A y NAY ,
en nhOng vdm cdy tram ngdng chim v l . NgQdi bdn tdi nhin Idn 2al d xanh treo Id IQng iQng trdi ay ma biet dQpc sQc gid, Xa que 3a ngdt chye nam trdi, tdi van nhd da dilt nhQng cdy trdm den b dau ban,
(Cay trdm den, TV4, trang 53) d. Kit bii theo kieu phit bieu cam nghJvS doi tupng. Can cQ vao yeu cau cua de bai vd doi tupng dQpc mieu ta d l bpc Ip cam xuc chdn thdnh, Idng yeu thQdng tha thilt, bilt dn, men phye, hoac ngQpc lai ve d l i tQpng dQpc midu ta,
- Vf du: Vang, Idng tdi day thdn phye, xin bpn dQng cQdi, Tdi kfnh can nghieng minh trQdc con chim se be bdng dung cam kia, trQdc tinh yeu cua nd.
(Con se, Tud'c-Ghd-Nhep, TV4) ,5. MOT SO DIEM CAN LOU Y KHI DAY HOC Tl/NG KIEU BAI VAN MIEU TA:
De hpc sinh lam dupe nhOng bdi tap lam vdn hay, cd "chat"
thyc sQ; trdnh loi ndi sdo, thilu tinh chdn thyc, miPu td hdi hpt, chung chung,,., trong dpy hpc gido vien can phai doi mdi cdch day, kit hdp nhilu phQdng phdp, hlnh thQc dpy hpc tfch eye, nen iQu y cdc diem sau:
a. Kieu bai ta do v§t: Mdi do vat deu cd nhQng ndt ridng v l hlnh ddng, cau tao, mdu sac. Do vat ludn gan bd vdi ddi song sinh boat cua con ngQdi, vi the khi mieu ta can phai ndi tdi cdng dung, ich ldi cua do vdt ay, cung nhQ finh cam cua con ngudi dd'i vdi do vdt dd. Cd nhQ vdy, do vdt hien len trong van mieu ta mdi sinh dpng, cy the.
Ldi vdn trong bdi van mieu'ta do vdt can cd sQc song, sQ dyng bien phdp so sdnh, nhdn hod, cdc ddng tQ, tfnh tQ chf hoat dpng va pham chat ci!ia con ngQdi d l khiln do vat vd tri, vd giac cung trd nen cd nhQng "suy nghT' vd "cQ chf, tinh cam"
gid'ng nhQ con ngQdi.
b. Kieu bai ta con vpt: Lam bai van mieu ta con vdt, can chu y ta hinh ddng ben ngoai, thdi quen, tfnh nit rieng biet cua con vdt dd, Khi mieu ta hinh dang ben ngodi can nhan manh vdo mpt so dac diem noi bat nhat, d l nhin thay nhd't v l con vdt.
DQng tQ tQpng thanh de md phdng lai am thanh nham muc dich khac hoa lai dm thanh dac trQng cua con vat dQpc mieu ta, Nen dung bien phdp tu tQ nhdn hod, cdc tQ ngQ chf mdu sac, pham chat, cdc ddng tQ chf boat ddng mang dac trQng giong lodi de mieu ta eon vat cho cy t h i vd sinh ddng.
c. Kieu bai ta cay coi: Trong t h i gidi tQ nhien, cd rat nhilu lodi cay, nhQng doi tQdng midu ta trong phdn mdn tap lam van d tieu hpc thQdng la nhQng cdy cho bdng mat, cay an qua, cay cho hQdng hoa,,, dd la nhQng cay mang lai Ipi fch thilt thyc rat gan gui vdi IQa tuoi hpc trd, Vi vay, khi mieu ta can tdp trung lam noi bat ldi fch cua cay dd Id gi? Can gan ta cay vdi khung canh, canh vat xung quanh nd de tao nen mdt bQc tranh nhilu sac mdu sinh dpng, ma trong dd cdy dQdc ta Id vat trung tdm, Nen dung bien phdp so sdnh, cac tinh tQ chf mdu sac, mQc dp de dien ta sdt dung,
d. Kieu bai ta phong canh: Dd'i tQpng cua kilu bdi van ta phong canh Id rat nhilu: Idng que, cdnh dong lua, con pho, dinh chua,.„Cung chfnh vi vay, mdi canh vat cd nhOng sac thai rieng, dae diem rieng, Nen khi mieu ta can iQu y: Ta khdng gian, thdi gian tao nen chung cho canh vat can mieu ta vd can kit hpp ta canh vdi ta ngQdi, Cd nhQ vdy, canh vdt mdi trd nen am dp, dQpm finh ngQdi.
Nen sQdung cdc tQ ngO chf mdu sdc, hlnh khoi, dQdng net, cae tQ ngQ chf khdng gian, trang ngQ chf thdi gian can dQpc sQ dyng nhieu d l phong canh dQdc ta cu t h i hdn, tUdi nguyen mau sac cupc song.
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e. Kieu bai td ngQdi: Ta ngQdi can IQu y ta dQdc hai mat: ta ngopi hlnh {\h hlnh ddng ben ngodi) vp ta tfnh tinh (ddi song npi tdm), Khi td, phdi bilt tdp trung vdo td nhQng dQdng net ngoai hinh tidu bilu, nhQng cd tfnh ridng biet md ft thay hoac khdng thd'y d ngudi khde. Nlu midu td ngopi hlnh (ddng ngQdi, Idn da, mdi tdc, di dQng.,, ) md khdng midu td n^i tdm (thdi dp, tu tQdng, suy nghT.,,) vd hdnh dpng cQa ngQdi dQpc mieu ta thi con ngQdi hidn len trong bdi vdn se trd ndn ddn didu, vd h6n, cQng nhic, Vy vdy, c i n dan xen giQa td hlnh vdi ta tinh d l Idm noi rd cudc sing ndi tdm, cudc song hopt ddng cua ngudi dQpc ta,
g. Kieu bai td cdnh sinh hopt: Trpng tdm ciJa bdi van ta canh sinh hopt Id ndi tdi hopt ddng cua con ngudi, hopt dpng cua con ngQdi ludn gan liln vdi thdi gian vd khdng gian, VI vdy, khi td cdnh sinh hoat can ta hoat ddng cua eon ngQdi trong nhQng thdi gian vd khdng gian cy thi; cd nhQ vay bdi van mdi phdn dnh dQng din ngQdi thQc, canh thyc vd moi quan he giQa ngudi vdi ngQdi, giOa ngQdi vdi canh trong cupc song thudng ngdy.
Can sQ dyng cdc loai dpng tQ (dpng tQ chf trang thdi, dpng tQ chf hopt ddng), nhQng tinh tQ cd sQc gpi td, gpi cam Idn trong khi mieu ta cho sinh dpng, giau sac thdi bieu cam,
6. MOT SO DIEM CAN LUU Y KHI DAY - HOC VAN MIEU TA NOI CHUNG
a. Can dam bao yeu eau th^c hdnh, lay thuc hanh lam hoat ddng chfnh cua tilt hpc, lay sQ hinh thdnh kTndng phan'tfch de, lap ddn •y, dung tQ, dat cau, dQng doan Idm yeu cau chfnh cua tilt hpc, Thay Id ngQdi ehu dao, trd Id ngudi ehu dpng hpc tap d l ehilm ITnh kiln thQc van, rut ra kiln thQc vilt van mieu ta vd hlnh thdnh kT ndng mieu ta,
b. Phai dam bao tinh chan thuc cua bdi van mieu ta, trdnh loi mieu ta theo dieu "sdo". Ldm sao bdi vdn hpc sinh vilt ra bdc Id dupe tinh cam, cam xuc thQc sQ cua cdc em qua vd'n song, tri tQdng tQpng hon nhien, trong sahg cua cdc em trQdc dd'i tQdng dQpc mieu ta,
c. Bao dam tfnh thd'ng nhat trong qua trinh hpc cdc the loai tap lam van ndi chung vd trong van mieu ta ndi rieng. Can cd sQ gan kit lien tyc "dong tdm" giOa cdc tilt hpc van mieu ta vd giQa cdc kieu bdi van mieu ta, Nham hlnh thdnh d cdc em kT nang, nang lUc viet van mdi ngdy dupe nang dan len ve chat,
d. Trong each viet van mieu ta can phai chu y Id: Ngdn ngO trong bdi van bao gid cung gidu cam xuc, gidu nhOng rung ddng, nhOng nhdn xet tinh te, doi dao sQc sdng tao, nham myc dfnh thdng bdo tham mT Giup ngQdi dpc, qua van mieu ta nhdn thQc dQpc thQc te khdch quan khdng phai bang con d- Qdng ly tri md chu yeu bang nhQng cam xuc, nhQng rung ddng mpnh me cua tam hon, Chinh vl le dd ngdn ngO trong bdi van mieu ta can dQpc gpt dua, trau chud't cho trong v l y, sdng ve Idi, sinh dpng v l cdch diln dat, Tuy vdy, gido dye ludn phai dam bao tinh vQa sQc dQa tren the chat, tdm If, kha nang tri gidc va von song cua tre, Trong qua trinh giang day phai lam giay Idn trong Idng hpc sinh nhQng rung dpng tham mT, tao cho cdc em nhQng rung dpng cd giai dieu vd khd ndng tim tQ ngQ de the hien tdm trpng ay.
De dat dQpc nhOng dieu neu tren, trong day hpc mdi thay gido, cd gido can phai dau tu hdn nQa ve phQdng phdp, bien phdp cho moi gid hpc phdn mdn Tap lam van (tQng the loai, tQng kieu bai cy the) d l tQng bQdc giup cdc em nim vQng kiln thQc, phdt trien tdm hon van, ehu ddng trong gid hpc: dQpc ndi Idn nhQng suy nghTcQa minh, ndi dung, ndi hay, vilt hay Idm gidu them, dep them tiing me de cua minh.
