CHAU PHI
VAI NET VE CAC PHONG TUC TAP QUAN OT MOT SO Nl/GfC CHAU PHI
Le Bich Ngac*
1. Bac Phi
0 Ai Cap, dam cUdi la mot cdng viec m a n g tinh gia dinh va la sii ket hdp cua hai cudc ddi, hai gia dinh. Trong dam cUdi, cd dau ludn ddng vai trd dac biet va r a t dupe Cdi trpng vi cd dau chinh Id cay cau ndi giUa td tien vdi the he tUdng lai. Sd di Cd dau dUdc cdi trpng hdn chu re cdn vi ra't cd the sau nay cd se sinh r a mot dda tre day sdc m a n h , cay dai t h u cua gia dinh.
NgUdi con gai Ai Cap ket h e n ra't sdm, khdang 12-15 tudi. Thdng thUdng thi anh em hp la'y n h a u . 6 thii de Cairo, dan dng den tudi la'y vd se nhd me va chi em gai giup dd hoac tim ba mdi se duyen. Khi dUdc ngUdi con t r a i hdi cUdi, ngUdi cen gai se t h u e mot ngUdi p h u nU d d n g r a thach cudi vdi n h a t r a i va thdng nha't ngay td chdc \l cUdi. Ddi khi ngay sau khi thda t h u a n xong, ddi t r a i gai lay n h a u ludn ma
• Vien Nghien cihi Chau Phi v^ Tning DGng
khdng can td chUe le cUdi. Cdn neu td chUe le cUdi thi vdo dem cudi cua ngay dUde quyet dinh lam le cUdi, chu re va nhUng ngUdi ban se mang mot phan le thach eUdi den nha c6 dau vd hdn le dUdc cU hanh.
Trong le t h a n h hdn cua minh, cd dau va chu re ngdi ddi dien n h a u vd ngdn tay cai ben phai dat sat nhau, ngUdi dpc kinh Coran se dung chiee khdn quan hai ngdn tay ciia cd dau va chu re vao vdi n h a u va b i t dau cau nguyen cho hp. Tuy nhien phai mot sd ngay sau dd chu re mdi den ddn cd dau ve n h a cua minh, hp mdi bat dau sd'ng vdi nhau, khi dd ban be va gia dinh mdi den chuc miing hp.
0 Mdritani, con gai trUdc khi lay chdng phai an udng t a m bd t h a t nhieu de cd the p h a t trien den mdc cao nha't. Mot ngUdi phu nU to beo, eo to, cd ngan, ngUc to, vai rong dUdc xem la mot phu nU dep, quyen ru. Khdng can khuon mat xinh dep, vdc dang thon t h a ma chi can c6 cac tieu
Tap chi nghien cOu CUAc PHI & TRCMG Bdi\G so 03 (43) th^ng 3/2009
Vdi net ve cdc phong tuc tap qudn... Le Bich Ngoc
c h u a n t r e n thi cac cd gai Mdritani dUdc xem la nhUng ngUdi p h u nU cd ve dep t r u y e n thd'ng ndi day. Ba't ky ngUdi dan dng nad cung t u had k h i cUdi dUdc mdt ngUdi vd Cd day du cac tieu c h u a n ndy.
T h a m chi, neu ce nao k h d n g t h e beo len dupe la ddng n g h i a vdi viec c6 khdng lay dupe chdng. Vi vay, nhUng gia dinh cd con gai thi trudc k h i con hp den tudi trudng t h d n h hp phai chd cdn gai a n t h a t nhieu thdc an dupe che bien tii t h i t va sUa bd cho tdi khi ndo t h a n the cd gai p h a t trien rd ret cd the lay chdng dupe mdi thoi. Dam cUdi cua ngUdi Moritani khdng gidng cac ndi khac chi td chUc 1-2 ngdy, ma d day hp td chdc lien tiep 7 ngdy va ngay nao cung nao nhiet, ddng vui. D a m cUdi chi ket thuc khi chu re dUa cho bd me vd day mdu cd xau tien trUde m a t mpi ngUdi de n h a n ngUdi t h a n . Me vd n h a n spi day budc vao cd chan con gai de ndi len cuoc sdng sau ndy p h a t dat, vien m a n . Sdi day nay cua ngUdi Mdritani cung gid'ng nhU chiee n h a n cau hen cua ngUdi phUdng Tay. Vi vay, sau khi dam cUdi ket thuc, ce dau, chu re vdn seng rieng, phai dpi tdi hai n a m sau chu re cung ban be ddt lac da dUdc t r a n g diem dep mdt tdi ddn, hai ngUdi mdi chinh thdc sdng ben n h a u mai mai. Trong thdi gian hai n a m nay, hai ngUdi v a n t h i n h thdang ve d vdi n h a u . Sau khi cUdi, hai ngUdi Sd'ng c h u n g mpt t u a n rdi ai ve n h a na'y. Hai t h a n g sau hp gap lai sd'ng chung hai, bdn hoac sau ngay rdi lai chia tay.
Hai hoac bdn t h a n g sau hp lai gap n h a u sd'ng vdi n h a u it ngdy rdi lai thdi. Sd di n h u vay vi d Mdritani cac cd gai trUdng t h a n h r a t sdm, 10 tudi da p h a t trien toan
dien va cd t h e lay chdng, nhUng vi tudi cdn nhd, Cd n h i e u c h u y e n cd dau chUa hieu n e n chi sd'ng vdi chdng vai ngay rdi lai ve n h a me de de dupe me day dd va hUdng dan t h e m . Cd nhU vay t r o n g sudt hai ndm gap gd rdi lai chia tay, sd'ng c h u n g it sd'ng rieng nhieu, cd d a u da d a n d a n trUdng t h d n h va cd n h i e u k i n h nghiem de t u xd ly nhUng t i n h h u d n g xay r a t r d n g cudc sd'ng.
Cdn viec tai sae cd dau, chu re chi chpn cac ngay t h a n g c h a n de gap va sd'ng vdi n h a u la vi ngUdi d a n Mdritani r a t tin vad nhUng Cdn sd' chdn, hp cho r a n g cae sd chan the hien sii may man, tdt lanh, nen lam bat ky cdng viec gi hp cung nha't nha't chpn nhflng ngay m a n g so' chan.
Tai v u n g Tualaji ciia xii sd Libi cd mpt phdng tuc ra't la. P h d n g tuc nay dUpc lUu gifl tii thdi xa hdi m a u he va cung it nhieu lien q u a n tdi hdn n h a n . Dd chinh la phong tuc ddn dng che m a n g . Che m a n g la mpt net vdn hoa ciia ngUdi chau Phi, nhUng t d trUdc tdi nay h a u n h u chi cd ngUdi p h u nU phai che m a n g cho kin dad de k h e n g bi ngUdi ngoai n h i n tha'y. Cdn d Tualaji, nhUng ngUdi d a n dng nao dUpc cdi la cdng dan tu do mdi dUdc che m a n g . Ddn dng d k h u viic k h a c khi ket hdn vdi cd gai d Tualaji phai d re va k h i chuyen den d nhd vd se p h a i m a n g m a n g che mat. Cd mpt dieu dac biet m a n g da'u a n mdu he d day la d a n dng du la cdng d a n t u do nhUng la'y vd no le thi con cai sinh r a khdng diioc coi la cdng d a n t u do va k h d n g dUdc phep che mang. Cen p h u nU cd quyen tU dd du la'y chdng nd le nhUng k h i sinh cdn thi cdn cai cua hp van dUdc coi la ceng d a n tU dd va cd quyen che m a n g .
Tap chi nghien cUu CllAli PHI & TBC:\G Bd;\G sd 03 (43) thang 3/2009
Vdi net ve cdc phong tuc tdp qudn... Le Bich Ngpc
2. Dong Phi
0 bp tdc ngUdi Swahili tai Kenia, trUdc hdn Id, CO dau dupe t i m trong dau va gd dan hUdng rdi d u n g nhiia cay la mdng (mpt loai cay cd the che bien thud'c nhupm tdc) t r a t len c h a n va tay. NgUdi Swahih cho r i n g lam n h u vay se xua dudi dupe td ma va't vUdng ben ngoai va n g a n khdng cho ma n h a cd gai di theo. Sau khi t i m gdi xong, mpt ngUdi p h u nfl ldn tudi trong bp lac se chi cho cd d a u each lam vui long da'ng phu q u a n cua minh, t h a m chi ca m a n h khde che da'u sii khong cdn trong t r a n g ciia minh t r o n g dem t a n hdn va day cd dau each sd'ng, each dd'i n h a n xd the vdi nhflng ngUdi t r o n g gia dinh n h a chdng.
Dd'i vdi bp tpc ngUdi Masai, hdn n h a n thUdng dupe s i p dat trUdc vd ce dau phai cUdi ngUdi d a n dng ldn tudi hdn minh md chUa bad gid biet mat. Gia dinh ce gai se chpn nhUng ngUdi d a n dng p h u hdp trong bp tpc va dat va'n de. Neu ngUdi dan dng ddng y cUdi cd gai cung vdi nhflng sinh le n h a gai yeu cau t h i hdn le se dUdc td chdc ngay sau dd. Khi cd dau c h u a n bi theo chu re ve n h a , bd cd dau se dat tay len dau va ngUc cd dau de cau chuc cho ddi vd chdng tre h a n h phiic. Khi r a khdi n h a , cd dau khong dupe phep quay d a u lai bdi theo t h a n thoai cd d a u se hi hda da. Khi cd dau den cdng n h a chu re, mpt ngUdi phu nU ben gia dinh chdng d d n g chd s i n d ciia de m i n g chUi cd dau. Day chinh Id mpt nghi le xua diem xa'u.
Tai viing bien phia ddng Kenia vdn cdn lUu h a n h t a p tuc hdn n h a n den d re n h a gai. Vi vay, t h a y vi ddn dau nhU cac khu VUc khac thi d day mpi ngUdi td chdc nghi
le ddn re d n h a gai va le tien chu re d nha trai. Nghi le tien chu re dupe td cbfle vao budi tdi. Khi tieng trdng, tieng hat vang len doan ngUdi vay q u a n h chu re dUa den n h a gai. Dan dau se Id hai ce gai tay be mam cau t r a u , mac ao dai t h a t dep va sac sd n h u hai con bUdm budm d i n dUdng, cudi dean la cha me chu re. Den cdng n h a gai, cha me c6 dau budc ra n h a n le vd mdi chu re vao n h a . Khi chu re bUde vao phdng, viec dau tien la tim cd dau ngdi lan cung ban be sau t a m rem. Vi khong nhin tha'y mat cd dau cho nen cd khi chu re n h a n n h a m may lan khien mpi ngUdi cUdi len vui ve; chi khi tha'y chu re le lang vd trd nen lud'ng eudng mpt cd ban se giat day bac cau tac t h a n h cho hai ngUdi. Khi hai ngUdi n a m dUdc tay n h a u tam rem mdi dupe keo ra va khi ay chu re mdi chinh thUe dupe xem la da dUde dUa den nha.
Van hda am thiic cua ngUdi Ethidpia r a t dac biet. Vi da so' deu coi Cd ddc giad Id qud'c giao nen so' ngay an chay chiem so' lupng dang ke. TrUdc le phuc sinh 40 ngdy (thdi ky dai trai), ngUdi dan d day mdi cd the an thit va cac dd t a n h . Day la khoang thdi gian tuyet vdi ddi vdi nhflng ngUdi nghien dn mdn thit bd, dac biet la thit bd sd'ng. Dd'i vdi nhflng ngUdi d day, thit bd ngon phai Id loai thit mem cdn ndng hdi tfl nhflng eon bd vUa hi giet. Cd hai each de an mdn thit bd sd'ng nay. Cach t h d n h a t la thai thit cdn dang dinh mdu tUdi t h a n h nhUng mieng vueng, dung dao nhd c i t lat t h a n h mieng mdng rdi trdn vdi hot dt, de mpt luc cho nga'm rdi dn. Cach t h d hai la bam n a t thit tUdi trdn t h e m gia vi dn kem vdi banh Inkila. Trong bfla an gia dinh, ngUdi Ethidpia khdng dung ban ghe ma
Tfip chi nghien ciru c i i A c Pill & TBI .\G Bd"\G sd 03 (43) thang 3/2009
Vdi net ve cdc phong tuc tdp qudn. Le Bich Ngpc
seng trdng dia nguc. Hien n a y d mpt vai ndi tai G h a n a , phdng tuc Trdkdsi d a n g bi p h a n a n h gay g i t . Nhflng chien dich chdng dd'i va n h i e u trUdng hpc d a n h cho Trdkdsi dupe lap ra. NhUng du t h e n a e t h i t r e n k h u e n m a t cua nhflng cd gai nd le ciia t h a n linh da h i n sau sU bi ai va thong kho tot cung ma k h o n g lieu p h a p t i n h t h a n nad cd t h e xda bd dUdc. Thed thdng ke, chi rieng d 12 ngdi den thudc G h a n a va Tdgd da cd tdi 10.000 cd gai nd le cua t h a n linh.
0 chau Phi ndi c h u n g va Tay Phi ndi rieng, p h u nfl luon p h a i chiu nhflng h u tuc n a n g ne. Trong k h i d G h a n a va mpt so ndi khac, tuc Trdkdsi chUa hi xda sach, t h i d Xiera Leen p h u nfl lai chiu t a p tuc tefdds (cit bd am vat). T a p tuc nay da bam re ra't lau ddi d nhieu nUdc chau Phi, dac biet la d Xiera Leen. d da't nUdc nay cdn t h a n h lap b i n hdi Bundo - mpt td chflc chiem tdi 90% phu nfl d day. Bundo cUdng quyet chdng lai mpt sd it p h u nfl cd hpc dam chiing minh r i n g tefoos dem lai nhieu benh t a t cho p h u nfl: n h i e m t r u n g mau, udn van, hoai t h u , tieu khd, nhiem t r u n g kinh nien be p h a n sinh due ngdai, dau nhdc xUdng chau, ma't chiic n a n g sinh h e a t t i n h due va d a u ddn khi sinh... Dd'i vdi cac t h a n h vien Bundd, t r e em gai phai thiic hien tefdds, n e u k h e n g hp chi la nhflng ngUdi thudc Idai Ogbdrraka - b a n thiu va chdng x d n g d a n g la cdn chau cua t h a n h n h . Thee ghi n h a n ciia Td chflc Y te The gidi, hien ce k h d a n g 130 trieu p h u nfl d it nha't 22 nUdc chau P h i bi c i t am v a t va mdi n a m chflng 2 t r i e u t r e gai p h a i chiu h i n h t h d c " p h i u t h u a t da m a n nay".
To chflc Y te The gidi da chinh t h d c xem
tefoos la h a n h dong phi n h a n quyen. Tuy n h i e n cho den nay, d Bundo thudc Xiera Leon va n h i e u td chiic k h a c tai chau Phi vdn chdng ddi quyet liet trUdc sU can thiep n h i m xda bd t a p tuc tefoos do phUdng Tay da va d a n g khdi xUdng m a n h me tfl dau t h a p nien 1990.
4. Trung Phi
Khac vdi Cdngd, d a m t a n g d Camdrun dupe xem nhU mpt dip de td chflc le lat. L i chen ca't dUdc tien h a n h vao budi sang, dd la mpt sU kien long t r p n g dUpc tien h a n h de t h e hien sii k i n h trpng dd'i vdi ngUdi da khua't. Budi chieu thUdng dUdc d a n h de chd ba Cdn t h a n thupc ciia ngUdi chet tu hpp vdi n h a u . Cac t h a n h vien t r e n g gia dinh t u hpp mdi ngUdi m a n g t h e e mpt it rUdu dfla hda ldn c h u n g vdi n h a u trong mpt binh mimbo ldn. Sau dd, nhflng ngUdi t h a m du cung n h a u ud'ng thfl rUdu dUdc hda c h u n g dd nhU mpt each bieu hien sU ddng long ciia hp, v d a de td long kinh trpng ngUdi chet, vfla de xac dinh cung n h a u r a n g cudc sd'ng v a n d a n g tiep tuc.
Theo t i n ngUdng t r u y e n t h e n g chau Phi, thfl tin ngUPng cd a n h h u d n g va t h a m chi cdn lam cd sd chd T h i e n c h u a giao t r e n luc dia nay, t h i gifla ngUdi chet va ngUdi cdn sdng v a n cdn cd mdi q u a n he chat che.
D a m t a n g k h d n g dUdc coi la diem den cud'i cung cua mpt ddi ngUdi. Dieu dd giup giai thich khdng k h i le hoi dac trUng cho cac boat ddng vao budi chieu tdi hdm t a n g le.
Neu ngUdi chet cd mpt ngUdi hp h a n g hay b a n be cd c h a n t r o n g mpt b a n n h a c thi dam t a n g n h a t d i n h se trd n e n sdng dong hdn n h i e u vdi m a n t r i n h dien ciia ban n h a c dd. Mpt d a m t a n g dUdc td chflc chu
8
Tap chi nghien cdu CHAC PHI & TBC!\G Bd:%G sd 03 (43) thang 3/2009Vol net ve cdc phong tuc tdp qudn.. Ld Bich Ngpc
dao c6 t h e keo dai tfl mpt den ba ngay, va cac dieu n h a y thUdng d i l n r a suo't dem.
O Camdrun, ngUdi t a khd cd t h e tim dupe mpt le hoi nao td chflc gidng nhU le hoi Giang sinh, le Ta dn hay tet n a m mdi n h u d cac nUdc phUdng tay, B i c My hay T r u n g Quo'c. Ma d day cd r a t nhieu nhflng l i hdi dia phUdng da d a n g la lung d a n h chd Vd sd' dip hdi he, nhflng giai ddan q u a n trpng trong ddi ngUdi. Chdng h a n nhU de tudng nhd mpt vi t u trUdng vfla mdi ma't va vinh d a n h sU len ngdi cua vi t u trUdng mdi thi d mien Tay C a m d r u n cd le hdi t h a n g Tu. Trong le hdi dd, mpt nghi le truyen thd'ng la vi t u t r u d n g dia phUdng bien mat trdng mpt cai h a n g va chi x u a t hien sau dd, khi mpt d a m rUdc leng trpng tien den ndi mieng h a n g de ddn dng ta. Vi thay bdi trong lang d a n h da'u len t r a n nhflng ngUdi t h a m gia le hoi b i n g mpt t h a n ciii trdn vdi nUdc, cdn p h u nfl thi dfldc mpt la b u a giup che sinh dUpc nhieu con hdn. Cung t r o n g t h a n g t u nay, l l hdi hoan ta't viec t h u hoach dupe td chflc. Ld hdi nay dUdc td chflc de cau cho mua mang tfldi tdt va p h u nfl sinh n h i e u con cai.
Ngay xUa t r o n g le hoi nay, t a thfldng hien te de. Cac cong ddng k h a c n h a u cd nhflng nghi le theo t a p q u a n k h a c n h a u de d a n h dau nhflng m u a vu q u a n trpng trdng ddi sdng nong nghiep ciia minh. Mpt sd tpc ngfldi dat mpt chiee binh dac biet de hd mieng ra ngoai trdi ndi c a n h ddng n h a minh. Nhflng Ik vat nho nhd dUpc d a n g Cling de td long k i n h trpng vdi vi t h a n cua canh ddng. TrUdc thdi gian t h u hoach, de gifl cho muong t h u va chim chdc khdi pha hoai miia m^ng, ngUdi ta cung td chflc nhieu l l hoi c6 t r e em t h a m gia, c h u n g deo
nhflng chiee m a t na ve va trinh d i l n nhflng dieu n h a y t r e n canh ddng.
Vao t h a n g 12 h a n g n a m d mien Tay Camdrun, ngUdi Bali cdn td chflc l l hdi Lela. L l hoi nay td chflc trong bd'n ngay.
Cung n h u cac l l hoi dia phUdng khac, l l hdi nay Id mpt sU kien ra't quan trpng ddi vdi cac t h a n h vien trong cdng ddng ngUdi Bali, v a o nhflng ngay nay, nhflng ngfldi nao sd'ng va lam viec xa gia dinh deu tim each trd ve n h a t h a m gia l l hoi. Dd cung la thdi gian de gia dinh doan t u va gap gd ban be n h d m t h i t chat them tinh b i n g hflu. Vi t u trudng la t r u n g t a m cua sii chu y treng suo't nhflng ngay l l hoi. Trong ngay dau tien, dng ta cUdi len lUng ngiia di den con sdng gan lang de hien te mpt con ga, dan lang di theo dng ta. Neu tat ca mpi chuyen deu tdt dep thi cac vi thay bdi se k h a n g dinh lai r i n g cac t h a n linh da hai long va le hoi cd the bat dau. Nhflng ngay tiep theo se t r a n day cac man nhay mua, tiec t u n g va cac cuoc thi b i n sung.
Trong cac ngay le hoi nay mpi ngUdi deu mac nhflng bp quan ao dep n h a t ciia minh.
Tai vung cao nguyen phia tay hay cdn gpi la mien ddng cd c6 hai tpc ngfldi Bamileke va ngUdi Tikar sinh sd'ng. Hai tpc ngUdi nay cd nghe t h u a t cham k h i c r a t tinh te. Hp cham k h i c nhflng mat na va hinh ngUdi b i n g gd va nga voi. Nhflng mdtip cham k h i c phd bien la hinh dau ngfldi, thudng cd dang td bet, mieng ha rpng va hinh nhflng cdn t h u nhfl: voi, ca sau bao va rua. Nhen, mpt sinh vat quan trpng trong phep bdi toan, cung la mpt trong nhflng mdtip hay dfldc svl dung.
Nhflng hinh tUdng cham k h i c r a t c i u ky
Tap chi nghien cOu C H A U PHI & TRCIMC B^lMC sd 03 (43) th^ng 3/2009
Vdi net ve cdc phong tuc tdp qudn. Le Bich Ngpc
thudng de t r a n g tri che cac cay cpt trdng ngdi n h a t r u y e n thd'ng. Cac cay cot dUdc bd' tri dan r a hai ben ldi vao ngdi n h a . NhUng do vat gia d u n g khac nhU giUdng va chan giUdng, cac chiee cdc b i n g sdng de udng rUdu... cung dUdc cham khac ra't tinh xad. Cac vi t u trUdng thUdng sd hiiu nhUng chiee ngai va ghe cham khac ra't cau ky.
Trong nen v a n hda t r u y e n t h e n g cua ngUdi Bamileke, chi ce t u trUdng va nhUng n h a n vat cd dia vi cao mdi dUpc phep deo mat na hinh dau voi trong cae le hoi va cac dip thd cung. Con voi dUde cdi la mpt trong nhUng eon t h u h u n g m a n h n h a t cua vdng da't nay, la bieu tUdng cho dia vi va cua cai cua cac t u trUdng dia phUdng va cac dng vua. Trong mpt vai t r u y e n thuyet, vi t u t r u d n g cd mpt q u y e n n a n g t h a n ky:
cd the bien t h a n h voi. Di kem vdi chiee m a t na la mdt bp t r a n g phuc cau ky, dupe t r a n g tri cho mpi ngUdi ai cung phai chu y den dia vi cua ngudi mac nd. Ngoai ra, cdn cd cac chudi h a t t h u y tinh, mpt thfl tai san dupe lUu t r u y e n lai tfl thdi buon b a n nd le khi c h u n g ddng vai trd nhU mpt thfl tien te.
Tai mien bde CamPrun, h a n g n a m van td chflc le hdi hda t r a n g . Hdi hda t r a n g nay cung cd the td chflc n h a n nhflng sii kien dac biet nhU chao ddn cudc vieng t h a m ciia mpt n h a n vat dac biet nao dd.
Nhflng h i n h a n h ve le hdi hda t r a n g dupe trinh bay t r e n cac td q u a n g cao du lich cd the khien ngUdi t a cd a n tupng dd la mpt cudc dua ngUa, nhUng dd khdng phai la mdt cudc t r a n h tai. H a n g t r a m cdn ngUa cd the t h a m gia l l hoi cung vdi cac ky ma,
c h u n g dupe mac nhUng be t r a n g phuc Idng lanh, sac sd. Day la mpt le hdi cdng cdng vd la mpt dip de n h a y mua, chPi nhac.
5. Nam Phi
0 Namibia, trUdc k h i le cUdi dien ra, chu re ngUdi H i m b a va mpt sd ngUdi thudc n h a chdng se b a t cdc cd dau vd dien cho cd ta bp ao cUdi bdng da. Khi cd dau den nha mdi cua chu re, hp h a n g a n h t a chi cho cd ta biet t r a c h n h i e m lam vp va bay td sii cha'p t h u a n gia dinh b i n g viec bdi len ngudi CO dau Idai sUa bd bee. Cdn dd'i vdi ngUdi Ndebele, d a m cUdi p h a i t r a i qua ba bude. Budc cudi cung cd t h e ma't nhieu n a m . Budc d a u tien Id d a m p h a n ve thach eUdi vdi gia d i n h n h a gai va k h o a n thach cUdi dd dupe t r a d a n b i n g tien vd gia sue.
Bude thfl hai, cd d a u dUdc cho r a d rieng hai t u a n , t r o n g thdi gian dd mpt ngUdi p h u nfl k h a c se chi cho cd d a u each Idm mpt ngfldi vp tdt. Bude thfl ba, le cUdi chi dupe tien h a n h k h i cd d a u sinh dUpc con dau Idng.
Tai cong hda N a m Phi, ngUdi dan ra't h a n h dien vdi nhflng le hdi cua minh va hp ra't hao hfle t h a m gia vao nhflng sii kien dac biet nay. Mpt trong nhflng sii kien van hda q u a n trpng nha't cua N a m Phi la lien hoan nghe t h u a t G r a h a m s t o w , dUdc td chflc h a n g n d m vao t h a n g Bay va keo dai trong k h o a n g h a i t u a n l l . Festival nay ndi b a t d chd nd cd dii t a t ca loai h i n h nghe t h u a t bieu dien, tfl nhflng vd kich chdng che dp A p a r t h e i d den kich Shakespeare, m u a bale, kich cam, t a p ky va mua. Cac bp phim nfldc ngoai cung dfldc t r i n h chieu trdng khi nhflng n g h e si dia phfldng trUng bay cac tac p h a m cua hp. Du k h a c h va dan
Tap chi nghien cifu CiiAc PHI & TBCI^G »d!\G sd 03 (43) thang 3/2009
Vdi net ve cdc phong tijc tdp qudn. Le Bich Ngpc
dia phUdng ddm minh trong bau khdng khi sang tao nghe t h u a t bao t r u m t h a n h phd. NhUng m a n bieu dien an tUpng nha't thudng dupe td chflc ben ngoai cac dia diem chinh ciia festival, ndi cac nghe si nghiep dU bieu dien vdi gia ve vdo xem r a t re. Nhieu nghe si, tac gia va nhac si ndi tieng nha't N a m Phi da khdi dau sii nghiep lay Iflng cua hp tU festival Grahamstown.
Ve ddc dao ciia t h a n h phd' cung ddng gdp vao t h a n h cong to ldn ciia ngay hoi. Tien t h u dupe P l l hoi d a n h de tai trd cho gidi nghe si, va h a n g n a m nhieu giai thUdng da dupe trad trong cac linh viic dieu khac, opera, am nhac va bale. NhUng dieu quan trpng hPn ca la festival nay dUpc mpi ngUdi den vdi n h a u trong khdng khi ngay hdi, khdng p h a n biet mdu da, sac tpc.
6 Nam Phi, tet ndm mdi cung dupe td chflc linh dinh nhU d nhieu nUdc khac. Le lat d i l n ra ngoai trdi, cd picnic, tiec ngoai trdi va bdi ldi. Bdi bien ludn ddng nghet ngUdi. Tet ndm mdi d N a m Phi rdi vdo mua he, trong khi nhUng nUde thupc B i c ban cau la m u a ddng. d Cape Town, ngUdi Nam Phi ddn mflng ngdy tet Tweedenuwejaar (ndm mdi lan hai) vae ngay mdng mpt va m d n g hai t h a n g gieng.
Ngay tet nay r a ddi tfl l l hoi Carnival Coon h a n g ndm do n h d m Capeeoons dflng ra td chflc va bieu d i l n . Cac nghe si ndy ve mat may, dpi ndn va mac t r a n g phuc nhieu mau s i c . Cac nghe si d i n dau mpt dam rude dUdng phd vui nhpn, vfla di vfla nhay mua vd h a t nhflng bai ca flng khau.
d Nam Phi, l l Giang sinh va Phuc sinh la nhflng ngay l l chinh thflc va mpi ngfldi dupe deu dupe nghi lam. L l Giang sinh
dupe td chUe tUdng tii nhU d cac nUde khac, chi cd dieu Noel lai rdi vao mua he, vi the nhieu ngUdi d day da chpn each dpn mpt bUa tiec ngoai trdi thay vi mpt bUa an truyen thd'ng trong nha. Mpt so' gia dinh di le n h a thd, eon ngUdi dan thi mua nhUng dd an xa xi tuy theo tui tien cua minh, mpt cay thong Noel va qua Giang sinh cho gia dinh va b a n be. Da sd tin dd Kito giao di n h a thd vao ngay chu n h a t phuc sinh de td long kinh chua J e s u s phuc sinh. NhUng qua trUng phuc sinh lam b i n g chocolate dupe dem giau cho tre con di tim, nhUng chiee b a n h ngpt cd hinh cay t h a n h gia dupe dem r a an vao ngay chu n h a t Phuc sinh.
T h a n h phd Roodepoort tU hao la nPi td chflc cuoc thi qude te Roodepoort Eisteddfot. DUde td chdc hai ndm mpt lan vao t h a n g mUdi, Roodepoort Eisteddfot Id cuoc thi tai am nhac qude te ldn nha't d Nam Ban cau. Khoang 8000 ngUdi tfl hdn 60 qude gia den t r a n h tai trong ngay hoi van hda nay. Tiet muc dii thi gdm nhflng the loai n h u ddng ca, t h a n h nhac, nhac cu, h a t mua nhac dan gian, ban nhac, dan nhac giao hUdng vd cac ban nhac mdi sang tac. L l hdi nay thu hut ngUdi dan k h i p ndi tren dat nUde Nam Phi. vi cuoc thi ludn cd sU t h a m gia cua nhUng tdi nang am nhac xuat s i c tfl cac dia phUdng trong nUdc. Du khach tU cae ndi tren the gidi cung dd ve Nam Phi chi de dUdc tham dii festival Roodepoort Eisteddfot. Diem thu h u t chinh cua cudc thi luon la nhUng ca doan cua n h a thd cua ngUdi da mdu va da den vdi nhUng giai dieu dpc dao vd nhflng chat gipng tuyet vdi.
Tap chi nghien cifu CHAC Pill & TBl^G Bli'^G sd 03 (43) thang 3/2009 11
Vdi net ve cdc phong tuc tdp qudn. Le Bich Ngpc
Ngay hdi Majuba thfldng dupe td chflc vao ngay 27 t h a n g Hai. Le hoi n a y la de ky niem ngay ngudi A n h bai t r a n dUdi tay ngUdi Boer tai Majuba Hill, mpt ngpn n u i n i m t r e n dUdng bien n g a n each h a i vung N a t a l va T r a n s v a a l . Mpt lien h e a n Cdncerto h a n g n a m d a n h cho nhflng n h a c 81 tre bieu dien n h a c c6 dien. Ngoai ra, cdn cd lien hoan cac d a n ddng ca t h a n h nien Afrikaner h a n g n a m . Festival am nhac Tretoria do hdi n h a c si N a m Phi td chflc, cung la mpt lien h o a n am n h a c npi tieng.
Cong ddng ngfldi gd'c A cung cd nhieu l l hoi tdn giao va t h e tuc t r u y e n thdng.
NgUdi H i n d u An Dp ky niem le hoi Deepavali (anh sang) vao t h a n g mfldi hay t h a n g mUdi mpt de md d a u n a m mdi t r u y e n t h o n g ciia m i n h . NgUdi Cape Malay va ngfldi theo dao Hdi t u a n thii nghi thflc a n chay h a n g ngay trong t h i n g Chay R a m a d a n t h i e n g lieng. M u a chay ket t h u c vao t h a n g R a m a d a n vdi mpt le hdi tUng bflng, thiic k h a c h thoai mai t h u d n g thflc nhflng mdn a n t r u y e n thdng, n h u b a n h gdi, cari, b a n h r a n chilibite.
Trong t h a n g chay linh thieng, tin do Hdi giad di le d cac t h a n h dUdng vdi t r a n g phuc le hoi.
T a i l i e u t h a m k h a o 1. Tap chi The gidi mdi, sd 340/1999
2. Thanh Liem, Phong tuc tap qudn Viet Nam vd the gidi, NXB Van boa-Thong tin, 2005.
3. http://ww?w.danangpt.vnn.vn/home/vanhoa
4.http://www.itpc.hochiminhcity.gov.vn/vi/nghiencuuthitruongnuocngoai/chauphi/namphi/vanhoa 5. http://www.africaguide.com/culture/index.htm
Tap chi nghien cdu O i A c PHI & TBCl^G DdKG so 03 (43) thang 3/2009
