Quoc te - Hoi nhgp
T H U A N Ldi HOA THU'dNG MAI VA PHAT TRifiN KINH DOAJSIH DIE;N TU"
Vai tro cua td ctiCfc Qudc te
• TS. NGUYEN MANH QUYEN - Pho Cijc frUdng
Ct^c ThUdng mgi dien tCf va Cong ngh§ thong tin - BQ Cong ThUdng
T
hudn Idi hda thrfdng mai drfdc hieu la vide ddn gidn hda cdc quy tnnh, thd tue nhdm gidm thieu chi phi trong thtfdng mai qud'c te', gidp cac cd quan Chinh phd kidm soat hoat ddng TM hidu qua va DN giam chi phi. Dac biet TLHTM vdi stf Ird gidp cua kinh doanh dien ttf (KDDT) dang ngay cang drfdc cdng nhan nhrf Id phrfdng thtfc mdi giup cde ndn kinh td' trong tid'n tnnh hdi nhdp.Mdt sd' kdt qua khao sat ndm 2012 tai 26 ndn kinh te trong khu vtfe Chau A - Thai Binh Drfdng vd chie'n Itfde phat tri^n TLHTM ehi ra rdng, 73% nen kinh td' cd chie'n Itfdc dang dtfdc soan Ihdo, 11% khdng cd chien Itfdc, 8%
chie'n Itfdc nay dtfdc gdp trong cae ITnh vtfe khac nhau, 8% ed chidn Itfdc rd rdng hoac ddc Idp.
Tai Thdi Lan, chid'n Itfdc xdc tie'n Ihtfdng mai da drfdc dd cap rd rang va gdp vdo tf-ong Chien Itfdc phdt trien Logistics giai doan 2007 - 2011. Trong do bao gdm nam tru edt: cai thien hau can kinh doanh, v%n ehuyen va hdu can ldi tfu hda mang Irfdi, dich vu hau e^n qud'e te, tang etfdng xdc lie'n thtfdng mai vd xay diflig nang Irfe.
Thdi Lan cung dang ehuIn bj cac ke' hoach ehie'n Itfde cho Logistics phdt tri^n 2012 - 2017. Cac ndn kinh td'khac hoac khdng cd chie'n
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Itfde hoae ehie'n Itfdc khdng dtfdc thtfc hidn hoae thrfc hien bdi cde cd quan ehinh phu eung dd'i tac.
Bangladesh va Kyrgyzstan dang trong qua trinh soan thao chinh saeh thtfdng mai cd Hdn quan vd chie'n Itfdc trong dd bao gdm tao thuan ldi eho thtfdng mai. Nhieu ntfde de tao thudn ldi cho boat ddng thtfdng mai, TLHTM dtfde nhung vao trong cdc chinh sdch va chie'n Irfdc khac nhau. Trong trrfdng hdp nay, khi khdng cd srf phdi hdp ddy du giffa cde ed quan ehinh phd se khd didu phd'i, dac biet vide hdi hda hoac phu hdp cac thd tuc, tidu chuan.
Vai tro cua cac t^ chtfc Qud'c td' (TCQT):
Hidn nay cd nhieu boat dgng cda ede TCQT nhrf - UN/CE- FACT, UNESSCAP, APEC, AFACT, WTO, WB... de thtfe hien vai Ird gitfa ede nen kinh id' xay dtfng cde he thd'ng TLHTM va phdt Irien KDDT. Cac chtfdng trinh va stf kien eda nhdm boat dgng nay dtfde edng bd rdng rai vd td chtfc thtfdng nien nham gidp cac ndn kinh te, cde DN, td chtfc vd ehuyen gia trong vide.
• Cung cap, hd trd thdng tin, tdi lieu nham ndng cao nhdn thtfc cdng ddng.
• Gidi thidu chuyen gia, cdng ty thtfe hien cac giai phdp, chuyen giao edng nghe tidn tie'n.
• Tai trd hoac cho vay de thtfe hidn cac dtf dn tdng etfdng nang Itfc eho ede ndn kinh te dang phdt trien.
• Dieu phdi boat ddng hdp lac phdt tridn theo chtfe nang.
Cac dinh htfdng De phat huy vai trd eua cac td chffe Qudc te ddi vdi TLHTM vd KDDT, khuyd'n nghi ede ed quan nha nrfdc va Hidp hdi nghe nghidp, DN can ehu trgng thtfc hidn ede dinh hrfdng sau day.
a. Tang crfdng cdp nhdt Ihdng tin, nghidn etfu cae ket qua nghien
Hi&n ckiia c6 mpt dinh nghia nhdt qudn vk thudn ldi hoa thuang mat (TLHTM). Tuy nhiSn, theo mdt sd tS ehdc quSc ti TLHTM, Id vi^c:
• Ddn gi&n hda va hai hda hoa cac thu tuc thrfdng m ^ (TM) qudc t^, bao gom cac hoat ddng van hanh, va cac thii tuc Udn quan den vide thu th^p, h i ^ ttL|<
k e t ndi, xu! ly diJ lieu va thdng tin thrfdng mai (theo WTO);
• Ddn gian hda, tidu chuan hoa va hai hda hda cac thu t^c I va thdng tin lien quan den giao j dich hang hoa giiJa cac ddi tac | thrfdng m a i (theo Lien Hiep Qudc, Trung t&ra TLHTM va KDDT- UN/CEFACT);
• Ddn gi&n hoa, hai hda hoa thii tuc hai quan va c6c thu io^
hanh chinh kh&c de giam chi ^ vfin chuyen hang hoa trong TM xuyen bidn gidi (theo APEC).
Quoc t^' - Hpi nhpp
ctfu, cdc giai phdp phdt triln TLHTM va KDDT eua cdc TCQT;
tham gia dtfdi cde hinh thtfe diSn ddn, hdi thdo, hgi nghi (trtfe tiep hoac trtfc tuyen) dd nam bat thdng tin, md rdng quan hd dd tao didu kien khi trien khai thtfc te;
b. Xay dtfng, hodn thien mdi trtfdng phdp 15? hdn quan ddn TLHTM va KDDT cho thi trtfdng ndi dia va xuydn bidn gidi;
e. Hdp tdc cdc cd quan Chlnh phu eae ntfdc, ddc bidt Id giffa cae ed quan hdi quan, thue va vdn tai. Tang ctfdng ddng hda va stf dung eae hd thdng gidm sdt, kiem soat rdi ro.
d. Chd ddng de xud't ede sang kidn, dtf dn thdng qua cdc cd quan chtfc ndng dd thde diy TLHTM vd KDDT vd tf-amh thd stf hd tf d cda ede TCQT.
e. Nghidn etfu hodn thien ede chfnh sdeh, quy trinh, thd tue thtfdng mai, dae biet la eac quy dinh vd thd tuc nhdp khau vd xudt
khiu, dd gidm thieu dd phtfc tap va giam chi phi ve dau ttf thdi gian, nhan Itfc vd ngan sach nhd ntfdc hay vdn doanh nghidp.
f. Xdy dtfng vd hoan thidn kdt eau ha tSng CNTT- TMDT, tfng dung cde giai phap cdng nghd de thidt lap ede he thdng thdng tin thtfdng mai, hdi hda cdc thu tue, tidu chuan trao ddi dtf Udu dien ttf, ma san ph£m - dich vu... de ttoig btfdc tid'n tdi thtfdng mai phi giay td, kdt ndi cdc hd thdng eda Viet Nam vdi eac ndn kinh tdkhu vtfe Qudc td.
Kg^t l i 4 n
Hidn nay, Viet Nam la ntfde ed mtfc phat triln trung binh trong khu vrfc, bdn canh nhffng ldi thd ve vi tri dia ly, tai nguydn va ngudn nhdn cdng ddi ddo, vide ehd trgng thdc dly TLHTM vd KDDT Id mdt vide Idm het stfc CSLU thid't de ndng tdc do phat triln cda kinh td trong qud trinh hdi nhdp. Dd lam tdt didu dd, chdng
ta eln nghidn ctfu ddn srf nang dgng va vai trd cda cac td chtfc qudc te trong viec thde day kinh te dat ntfde vdi eae ke hoaeh vdi Id trinh cu the, ddi ban. Dac bidt c^n chd trgng vd hodn thidn eae ydu c^u vd mdi trtfdng phdp ly, ha t^ng, nang eao nhan thtfc cdng ddng vd DN, chd ddng dd xud't cac giai phap va dtf an phdi hdp da qudc gia vdi stf hd trd cda cdc td chtfc qudc td •
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO:
(1) APTFF 2012 survey data and Staff Working Paper thdng 04/2013, ESCAF Trade and Investment Division, UNESCAP.
(2) ADB and ESCAF (2010 2012), Designing and implementing trade facilitation in Asia and the Pacific.
(3) Single Window Planning and Implementation Guide UNeXT, UNESCAP.
(4) World Bank Report 2012 (http ://go. wo rldbank. org).
TLHTM va thi/dng mqi phi gidy td tqi 1 sd nUdc
fffn/j tren tieu chf khdo sat 40 diem, ngudn bao cao UNESCAP Trade and Investment Division, Staff Working Paper 01/2013).
