.jfiJH ban Sinh hoc vd ngudn lgi sinh vgt Biin 603
NGUON LQfl THUY SAN VA DA D ^ G SINH HOC T.^1 M O T SO HE SINH THAI R i m c NGAP MAN DXTOfl GOC NHIN KINH TE
Nguyen Quang Hiing. Luu Xuan Hoa, D 3 Thanh An, Hoang Dinh Chieu Vien Ng^en cuu Hai sdn
224 - L6 Lai, Ngd Quyin, Hai Phdng Email: nqhun g(5).rimf.org.vn
Tom tat:
H? sinh thdi rirn^ ngap man (HST RNM) tir Idu dd dong vai trd rat quan trgng trong CUQC song ciia cdc cu ddn ven bien. RNM khong chi dem lai ngudn thyrc pham. chat ddt. gd... phuc v^ dai sdng con nguai md con dua lgi nhieu gid tri khdc nhu cdc gid tri ve da dgng sinh hoc, sinh quyen, tham my... Trong nghien cuu ndy, dudi goc nhin kinh te hpc, ngudn l(ri thuy sdn vd da dgng sinh hQC cua HST tgi 4 vimg RNM Viet Nam (Dong Rui (Q'udng Ninh), Hung Hoa (Nghe An). Long San (Bd R\a - VUng Tdu). Yuan Qudc gia Mui Cd Mau (Cd Mau)) duac dua ra xem xet ddnh gid qua ket qud cua 4 chuyen khao sdt trong hai nam 2008 vd 2009 bang cdc phuang phdp lu^mg gid khdc nhau (trirc tiip, gidn tiep). Ket qud nghien cuu cho thdy, tdng gid tri kinh te trung binh thu duffc tir ngudn l<;n thdy sdn trong HST RNM VQG MHi Cd Mau dat cao nhdt v&i khodng 141,27 ty ddng/ndm, trong do ngudn lai thiiy sdn Id 139,136 ty ddng/ndm. Gid tri da dgng hoc trong HST ndy uac tinh 27,83 ty ddng vai s^
hien dien cua 574 lodi thuy sdn da duac ghi nhdn. Tiep theo Id HST RNM Long San vdi tdng gid tri kinh te trung binh thu duac tir ngudn lgi thuy sdn dgt khodng 63,635 ty ddng/ndm (trong tdng sd 64,115 ty ddng/ndm thu duac tir HST ndy). Gid tri da dgng hoc trong HST ndy u&c tinh 12,727 ty ddng vol su hi4n dien cua 532 lodi thuy sdn dd duac ghi nhdn. Hai viing con lgi cd cdc gid tri tuang tu thdp han. Tdng gid tri kinh te trung binh thu duac tir HST RNM Dong Rui dgt khodng 15,809 ty ddng/ndm, trong dd ngudn /fri thiiy sdn Id 15,694 ty dong. Gid tri da dgng hoc trong HST ndy uac tinh 3,1 ty ddng vdi su hi?n dien ciia 530 lodi thiiy sdn da duac ghi nhdn. Tdng gid trj kinh ti trung binh thu. dugrc tir HST RNM Hung Hoa dgt khodng 330 trieu ddng/ndm, trong do nguon lai thuy sdn chiim 328,5 tri^u dong. Gid tri ^o dgng hoc trong HST ndy u&c tinh 65.7 trieu ddng vai su hi4n dien cua 462 lodi thuy sdn da duac ghi nhan.
Cdc kit qud so sdnh tdng hap vai cdc da lieu lich sir cho thdy rang su suy giam cua ngudn lgi thuy sdn vd da dgng sinh hpc tgi cdc vung RNM la ddng bdo ddng vd cdn thiet phdi cd chien hrffcphdt trien ben virng HST RNM.
Hoi nghj Khoa hgc vd Cong nghe bien todn quoc Idn thu V
FISHERY RESOURCES AND BIODIVERSITY IN SOME IVIANGROVE ECOSYSTEMS FROM ECONOMIC ANGLE
Mangrove forests play a key role for human life in coastal ecosystem. The mangrove wetlands not only provide economic values such as food sources, timber, firewood, etc but also bring in invaluable things such as biodiversity, aesthetic beauty, cultural heritage and archaeology. In this study, by using different methods of economic value estimation (direct and indirect values), the fishery resources and biodiversity in 4 mangrove wetlands as Dong Rui, Hung
Hoa, Long Son and Ca Mau National Park (in turn of Quang Ninh. Nghe An, Ba Ria - Vung Tau provinces) were assedfrom 4 surveys in 2008 and 2009.
The results showed that total economic value estimated averagely in turn as Ca Mau National Park (approximately 141.27 billion dong per year) was highest, the second was Long Son (approximately 64.115 billion dong per year), the third was Dong Rui (approximately .15.809 billion dong per year) and the last was Hung Hoa (only 330 million dong per year). In which, the economic value per year from fishery resources of Ca Mau. Long Son, Dong Rui and Hung Hoa were correlatively 139.136 billion dong; 63.635 billion dong; 15.694 billian dong and 328.5 million dong. The biodiversity value in fishery species was highest in Ca Mau with 574 species which was estimated about 27.83 billion dong. There were 532 species in Long Son which was valued aboiU 12.727 billion dong. Dong Rui wetland had 530 species which calculated about 3.1 billion dong and Hung Hoa wetland recorded 462 species which was estimated only 65.7 million dong.
Comparison these results with historical data has shown that the reduction of biodiversity and fishery resources is quite alarming and n strategy of sustainable mangrove ecosystem should be build up as soon as possible.
I. MO DAU
H? sinh thai rirng ngap man dugc nhin nhdn la hp sinh thai cd nang sudt sinh hpc cao, la cai ndi cho nhieu loai thuy sdn, vira dem lai nhiing lgi ich kinh tl to Idn ddng thdi phong chdng thien tai cho cong ddng dan cu ven bien va 1dm sach mdi trudng, cdn bdng sinh thai.
Vdi khodng dien tich RNM trdi dai tren han 1260 km dudng bd biin, HST RNM Vi^t Nam cd vj tri quan trgng trong ddi sdng ciia ngudi dan nhieu viing ven biin.
Tuy nhien, do cdc dp lire cua ddn sd tang nhanh, sir phat trien kinh te m^nh me Uong thdi ky md ciia cimg vdi viec quan ly Idng leo, tdm nhin han chi cua mgt sd dia phuang nen HST RNM nhieu nai da vd dang bi suy thoai nghiem trgng, dipn tich ngdy cang bi thu hep. Hp qua cua ndla con ngudi khong chi mit di tam la chdn bdo v? ma cdn hiiy hoai mot dien tich Idn la phdi xanh cho chinh minh, phd di ngudn cung cdp thuc phdm gia tn cao, xda di nhiing diem tham quan du lich, cac gid trj van hda, lich sii...
Tiiu ban Sink hgc vd nguon Ifn sinh vat Bien
Mpi ngu6i chtang ta d§u c6 the de dang nhan th^y nhirng gia tri v6 cung to Ion va quy gia ciaa riing ngap mlui mang lai, nhtmg khi diing ti^ac nhiing lgi nhuan trudfc mat, c6 thi ,chung ta 1^ de dang tan pha RNM cho nhiing muc dich kinh 16 khac nhau. Khi do, cac gia tri ve nguon loa thuy san va da d?ng sinh hpc ciia HST RNM bj danh gid rfa thip, ngvrgc voi gid tri von c6 ciia no. Cac gia tri do doi khi con Ion hon rdt nhieu gid tri true tiSp bdng tiSn hieu hiiu ching ta c6 thS tmh dir(?c. Vi$c danh gid HST RNM tren goc dg kinh te - sinh thdi se la each nhin toan diSn nhit v8 cdc loi ich cua HST nay vd giilp cho cho cong dong dan cu nhdn thuc diing gia tri ban dia nham giiip ho xdy dimg dugc muc tieu phdt trien hi?u qua va ben viing tdi nguyen RNM. Ket qua nghien ciiu tai cdc viing rimg ngap man D6ng Rui (Quang Ninh), Hung Hoa (Nghe An), Long Son (Ba Ria Viing Tdu) va VQG Mui Cd Mau (Ca Mau), se dua ra nhOng danh gid cdp nhat vd sat thuc hon ve tdi nguyen thily san vd da dang sinh hpc cua cdc HST RNM ndy tren goc do kinh tS. Tii do se giiip cho vi$c hojch djnh chinh sach, phat triSn RNM tai cac dia phuong hieu qua hon.
n . PHlTOfNG PHAP NGHIEN CUtJ Bia diem nghien cuu
Nghien ciiu diigc thuc hi$n tai 4 vung: (1) RNM D6ng Rui (Tien Yen - Quang Ninh);
(2) RNM Hung Hoa (Vinh - NghS An); (3) RNM Long Son (Ba Ria Viing Tdu); (4) RNM VQG Mui Cd Mau (Nggc Hien - Ca Mau).
Thai 2ian nghien cuu
Trong hai nam (2008 - 2009), vai 4 dgt khao sdt tai cdc viing RNM n6i tr§n. Dgt 1 tii thang 4-6/2008, dgt 2 tii thdng 9-11/2008, dot 3 tu thang 4-6/2009, dgt 4 tir 9-11/2009.
Hinh 1. Cdc viing nmg ngap man nghien cuu
Hoi nghi Khoa hoc vd Cong nghe bien todn quoc. Idn thu V
Phuans phdp nshien cihi Phuang phap thu thdp sd lieu
+ Thu thgp sd li?u thir cdp tir cdc ca quan, chinh quyen dia phuang: Thu thap cac thong tin thu cdp tir cac cdp chinh quyIn va ban nganh d dia phuang cd lien quan bao gdm cac ngi dung: Thuc trang khai thac, thanh phan tham gia khai thac, ddi tugng thuy sdn dugc khai thac, thdi gian khai thac, nang suat, sdn lugng khai thac ngudn lgi thiiy san tii RNM, thdng ke gia thi trudng.
+ Phdng vdn tnrc tiip: Nghien ciiu nay da thuc hipn cac cugc phdng vdn ngu dan tai 4 viing RNM (Ddng Rui 451 lugt; Hung Hda 403 lugt; Long San 511 lugt; VQG Miii Ca Mau 530 lugt) nhdm thu thdp thdng tin ve cac ddi tugng thiiy sdn dugc khai thac, san lugng khai thac, miia vu khai thdc, gia ca thi trudng, cdc thdng tin phu trg khac thdng qua cac phieu dieu tra.
Phuang phap lugng gia:
Theo phuang phap lugng gia ciia C. Bann [6] va Nguyin Hodng Tri [1]:
Tdng gid Ui kinh ta ciia HST RNM (TEV) = UV + NUV = (DUV + lUV + OV) + EV Trong dd: TEV: tdng gia tri kinh ti; UV: gid tri su dung; NUV: gia tri phi su dung;
DUV: gia tri sii dung tr\rc tiep; lUV: gia tri su dung gian tiep; OV: gid tri lira chpn trong tucmg lai; EV: gia trj tdn tai.
+ Lifcrng gid kinh te cdc gid tri sir dijng tnrc tiep theo cong thuc: V =^ ^i-Qi Trong do: V: tdng lgi ich kinh te tir cdc nhdm ddi tugng khai thac, danh bat dugc trong Inam; i: nhdm ddi tugng i dugc khai thac hoac danh bat; Pi: gia tuang ling cita nhom doi tugng i; Qi: khdi lugng trung binh danh bat dugc cua nhdm ddi tugng thir i trong nam.
+ Luang gid kinh te cdc gid tri sir dung gidn tiep thQQQoa% thuc: K, = V F„
Trong dd: Vr: gia tri gian tiep; n: nhdm ddi tugng mang gia tri sir dyng gidn tiep; Pn:
gid tri cua nhdm ddi tugng n.
+ Luang gid cdc gid tri da dgng sinh hoc theo cdng thirc : Krf - 2 0 % ^ K^ [9]
Trong dd: Vj: gia tri da dang sinh hpc; V^: gid trj ngudn Igi thiiy san.
III. KET QUA NGHIEN ClTU Gid tri nsudn loi thuy sdn tai cdc vims RNM
+ Tgi HST RNM Dong Rui
Tren ca sd cdc nghien cim dieu tra, tdng gia tn kinh te lugng gia dugc tir cac nguon lgi thiiy sdn vd da dang sinh hgc cua viing RNM Ddng Rui da dugc ghi nhan trong bang 1. So
"Tieu ban Sinh hoc vd ngudn lai sinh vgt Biin
vdi cdc dieu tra trudc day, san lugng khai thdc thuy sdn tai day dang giam manh, dong thdi cdc dp luc khai thac ngay cang gia tang. Ben canh dd, hien tugng tan pha RNM, nuoi trong thuy san dam ao thieu quy hoach tai ddy trong thdi gian ddi qua da dS lai hdu qua nghiem trong ve su d nhiem mdi trudng. Gia tri kinh te tir khai thdc ngudn Igi thuy sdn tu nhien chi d?t tu 4,71 den 6,11 trieu ddng/ha (trung binh la 5,74 trieu ddng/ha), cao han so vdi cac nghien cuu trudc day [7]. Vd ddy la gia tang dp l\rc khai thac len HST RNM chii khong phai ngudn lgi gia tang. He thdng ddm ao nuoi trong thiiy sdn da bi d nhi6m khdng ti6p tuc tien hanh khai thdc dugc phdn Idn phdi bd hoang. Dien tich nuoi thiiy san hien tai chi cdn khodng 94 ha [3], gia trj kinh ti tir nuoi trdng thuy sdn tai RNM Ddng Rui udc dat tnmg binh khodng 1,987 ty dong/nam. Gia tri nay thap han rdt nhilu so vdi ddnh gia trudc'day ciia Mai Trgng Nhuan vd cac ddng nghiep [7] (vdi dien tich nudi trdng thiiy san Id 954 ha, gid tri kinh temang lai khodng 48.550.000d/ha). Ben canh do, nuoi thiiy sdn Idng be trong cac kenh, lach cua RNM Ddng Rui cung dem lai khoang 2,684 ty ddng/nam. T6ng gid tri Icinh te tir nudi trdng thiiy sdn tai day udc dat trung binh 4,671 ty dSng/nam.
Bdng 1. Gid tri kinh te mgt sd nguon lai tic HST RNM Ddng Rui - Tien Yen
Cac nhum doi tuyng Gia Iri kinh te tir h$ tlictnt tlitfc v^t
Ntiui tivitg thiiy sun K/jtii thdc thiiy sail fir nhien Tong gia tri kinh (e hiiiig n^cn Tong gia tri Itiiiii te tiang nam trOn Iti^RUM (tigid.lUSD-'20.S6Si!)
So sanii: Tong gia trj l(inh le liang nam tren 1 iia RNM (Mai Trgng Nhuan vd itdng nghiep [7]: tv gid
JUSD=]5.300ill
Gia trj iir^rng gia Jliap
tri^u itdn^
100 2.985 9.880 12.965 4,71 49.89735
(NTTS:
4S.SS00) USD 4.863 145.150 . 480.428 630.440 228,94 3.261,26
(NTTS:
1.173.2)
Trung binh trieu dung
IIS 4.671 11.023 15.809 5,74
USD 5.592 227.133 536.008 768.733 279,16
Cao ' trieu ddn^
125 4.853 11.860 16.838 6,11 63.957 (NTTS:
62.450) USD 6.078 235.983 576.708 818.70 297,33 4.180,20
(NTTS 4 OS 1.7)
+ Tgi HST RNM Hung Hoa
Ndrn ben bd bdc sdng Lam, RNM Hung Hda vdi di?n tich chi 54,9ha, trdi ddi gdn 4km ven de 42. Nhdm loai thuc vat dac trung va uu the Id ban chua Sonneratia caseolaris. Tuy CO di?n tich rat nhd so vdi nhi^eu vimg khac nhung RNM Hung Hda cd y nghTa to Idn trong bdo v? de, cung cdp ngudn lgi thuy san cho cac hd dan xung quanh. Ben carih ngudn lgi khai thac ti; nhien, RNM Hung Hda cdn cung cdp cac gia tri kinh te tir nuoi trdng thuy san va h? tham thuc vat. Tdng gid tri kinh te hdng nam tir cac ngudn lgi thuy san khai thdc va nudi trdng, gd cui tai RNM nay vao khodng 330,39 trieu dong/nam. Trong dd, ngudn lgi thuy san ty nhien chiem trung binh khodng 213,49 trieu ddng/nam. Ket qua dieu tra nghien cuu trong 2 nam 2008-2009 cho thay, nudi trdng thuy sdn trong RNM Hung Hda mdi chi bdt dau tir 2006 [4]. Dipn tich nudi trdng thiiy sdn trong RNM Hung Hda ciing rat nhd, chi khodng 2ha vdi 2 hd nudi. San lugng trung binh hdng nam dat khodng 3,8 tdn vdi gia tri ciia nhdm san pham ndy udc dat trung bmh: 115 trieu ddng/nam.
60S Ho nghi Khoa hpc va Cong nghe bien toan quoc Idn thir ¥
Bdng 2. Gid tri kinh ti mgt sd ngudn l^ tir HST RNM Hirng Hoa - Nghe An
Cac nhom doi tirgng Gid Iri kinh le lie lie liiaiii Ihitc veil Nuoi rroit^ Ihiiysan
Khai thac ihiiysan li/nhien long gia tr| kinh le hung nam
(lYi;;idWSD=20.565d) T6ng gi^ trj kinh tc liang nam tren I lia RNM (lygia lUSD=20.565di
G\i trj lirgHK gia Tliap
trieti ddng 1,8 109 184.38 295.18 5,38
USD 87.5 5.300.3 8.965.7 14.353.5 261,61
Trung binh trieu ddng
1.9 115 213.5 330.4 6,02
USD 92.4 5.592 10.381,2 16.065,7 292,73
Cao trieu dong
2 128 271 401.3
7,30 USD 97,3 6.224.2 13.179,2 19.500.6 354,97
+ Tgi HST RNM Long San
f Ndm d phia tdy bdc thdnh phd Vung Tau, Long San la xa duy nhat true thugc thanh phd Long Son dugc coi nhu mot xa dao vdi bdn be dugc bao bgc bdi kenh rach, sdng bien va RNM. Rirng ngap man hang ngdy dem lai cho ngu dan Long San nhiing ngudn Igi thiiy sdn tu nhien-vd ciing to Idn (tom, ca, cua ghe, vang, dc len, giun ddt...). Ben canh dd, RNM Long San cdn cung cdp mot mdi trudng sinh thai rat tdt cho nudi trdng thuy sdn ddm ao, 16ng be va la viing n6i ti^ng vdi ngudn lgi hau ciia sdng. Day la nhiing ngudn Ipi dem lai gia tri kinh te rdt Idn cho cac ho ngu dan. Theo cac sd lieu thdng ke tir UBND xa Long Son [5], dien tich nudi trdng thiiy sdn dan^ ao dam (vuongj Id 151ha. Ddi tugng thu hoach hien nay chii yeu id tdm sii, tdm the, cd ddi. Gid tri kinh te thu Igi hang nam tir hinh thiic nuoi nay la khoang 19,5 ty ddng. Trong khi do, vdi khoang 20 ha dien tich mdt nude nuoi hau, hdng nam gid tri kinh te thu dugc tir nhdm thity san ndy khodng 40 ty ddng (tuang ung vai sdn lugng khoang 250 tan/nam). Tdng gid tri kinh tS thu dugc tit nudi trdng thuy san tai Long Son udc dat khodng 59,5 ty ddng/nam. Tren ca sd cac ket qua dieu tra, tinh toan, de tai da lugng gia tdng gia tri khai thac tn,rc tiep RNM Long San tir cdc ngudn lgi thuy san, da dang sinh hgc tir tham thuc vat (bang 3). Tuy nhien, gia tn lugng gia ve thiiy sdn khai thac tir nhien tai day thap han so vdi ket qua lugng gid tai viing RNM Ian can Id Khu dy trir Sinh quyen Can Gid [7].
Bdng 3. Gid tri kinh te mot sd ngudn lai tir HST RNM Long San, Bd Ria Viing Tdu
C&c nhom doi tirg^g Gid In liinh le tir he Ihdni Ihuc vdi fVi(,(ii tiOng ihiiysdn Khai Ihdc Ihdv sdn la nliien rfing gia tri i(inh le hang nam (tvgidlUSD=20.565d) rQng giii trj kinh tc hing nam tren 1 lia RN.M (tisiu IUSD=20.S6id) So sdnh: Tdng gid iri liinh tS NTTS hang nam tren J ha RNM Cdn Gia (Mai Trong Nhudn vd ddng nghiep l7],tigidlUSD=l5.300d)
Gid tri Itroni! ei4 Tlidp
trieu ddng 400 59.500
3.297 63.197 55,485
- 45,800 'USD 19.451 2.893.265
160,321 3.073.037 2.698
2.993
Trung binh trieu dong
480 59.500
4.135 64.115 56,291
USD 23.341 2.893 265
201.070 3.117.676 2.737
Cao trieu ddng
520 59.500
4 726 64.746 56,845
62,500 USD 25.286 2.893.265
229.808 3.148.359 2.764
4.084
Tieu ban Sinh hgc vd ngudn lgi sinh vgt Biin
+ Tgi HST RNM VQG Mui Cd Mau
Vudn Qudc Gia Miii Ca Mau nam cudi cung cue nam td qudc, tren dia ban cua 3 xa (Ddt Miii, Vien An, Dat Mdi). Vdi bd biin dai tren 34km, VQG cd cd ba m?t giap biSn, vdi 9 con kenh rach idn nhd thdng ra bien. Cd tdng dien tich 41.862ha, trong dd dien tich rimg ty nhien 15.024,82 ha, VQG Miii Cd Mau rdt da dang va phong phii vdi nhieu loai thiiy hai san cd gia tri kinh te cao. Ddy Id ngudn tai nguyen vd ciing Idn nudi sdng cho nhieu hd ddn cu trong viing. Cdc ngudn lgi thiiy san khai thac tai ddy bao gdm cac loai tdm cd, gidp xdc... Trong do cdc lodi nhu ca vugc, ca doi, ca thoi loi, cua ghe, ba khia la nhiing lodi cd gid tri kinh tk vd phd bi6n trong vimg. Khdng chi v|y, viing RNM nay cdn la bdi gidng cua rdt nhieu loai thiiy hdi sdn. Hang nam, VQG cung cdp cho ngu dan dja phuang khoang gan 1 ty con gidng mdi nam, bao gom ca keo, ciia gidng, ngheu gidng. He thdm thuc vat ciing dem lai nguon kinh te cd gia trj cho nhieu hd dan tai ^ y . Ciing gidng nhu nhieu viing RNM khac phat trien NTTS thieu quy hoach vd tinh toan, tai ddy tinh trang hiiy hoai RNM de NTTS ciing da gdy d nhiem trdm trgng nen hieu qua NTTS khong cdn nhu trudc. Nang suat va san lugng tdm ca giam manh. Dien tich nudi trdng thiiy san trong VQG miii Cd Mau khodng 840 ha nam trong phdn khu phuc hdi sinh thdi vdi su qudn ly cua 210 hd ddn [2]. Gia tri kinh te thu dugc td nudi trdng thiiy sdn ddm ao (vudng) tai vimg RNM nay udc d^t hang nam khoang 5,628 ty ddng vdi cac ddi tugng la tdm, cd, cua. Mpt ddi tugng nudi khdc phdi ke dSn trong vimg RNM VQG Mui Ca Mau hien nay la hau cira sdng. Day la d6itugng nudi mdi dugc tien hanh thir tu nam 2008. San lugng nudi trdng hau tai day hang nam mdi chi dfit 15 tan/nam vd gid trj kinh te udc dugc khoang 210 trieu ddng. Nhu vay tong gia tri kinh ti thu dugc tir nudi trdng thiiy sdn tai vimg RNM VQG Miii Ca Mau hang nam udc dat khoang 5,838 ty ddng/ndm.
Cac kit qua nghiSn cuu cho thdy, tdng cac gia tri kinh te khai thdc true tiep hdng nam tir RNM VQG Miii Cd Mau trung binh udc dugc vao khoang 141.272 trieu ddng (tuang duong khodng 9,2 trifu ddng/ha RNM) (bang 4). Gid tri ndy thdp han so vdi gia tri lugng gia cua Mai Trgng Nhudn va ddng nghiep nam 2003 (gid tri thiiy sdn khoang 57,3 trieu ddng/ha), khi tai day dang phat trien manh phong trdo nudi tdm [7].
Bdng 4. Gid tri kinh ti mot sd ngudn lai tir HST RNM VQG Mui Cd Mau
Cie nliom d6i tuyng Gid Iri kinli le li'r li^ l/idm ihirc vdi NUOI trOng lln'iv sdn Khai Ihdc ihiiv sdn In nhien Tong gia tri kinh te hang nam (ti-giii WSD=^20.565J) Tong gia trj Idnh tc hang nam trOn 1 ha RiNM (ly ^ia IUSD=20 565cl) Gia Iri kinh le NTTS lie'wg nam Iren I ha RNM Iheo Mai Trgng Nliiian Vi ddng nghiep /7/; Iv m WSD=15.300d
Gia irj kinh le tir khai thac Ihiiy sdn hdng nam tren J lui RNM theo Mu Trgng Nhuan vd dong nghiep [7]
(ivPidJUSD=15.300d)
Gii trj lu^naeia Tha
tri4ii ctong I 707 5818 103 095 110 620 7,25 19,394
9,495 a
USD 83 005 282 908 5013.129 5 379,042 352,54 1,267,58
620,59
Trung binh tri^udung '
2.136 5-838 133,298 141.272 9,26
USD 103 866 283 880 6 481,789 6.869-536 450,28
Cao tri^ii dong
2 355 5.848 150.975 159-178 10,43 22.459
12,677 USD--fk 114515 234 367 7 341 357 7.740 238
507,17 1.467,91
828,55
Hgi nghi Khoa hQC vd Cdng nghe bien todn quoc Idn Ihu V
Gid tri da dang sinh hoc tai cdc HST RNM + Da dgng sinh hoc tgi cdc HST RNM
K6t qud nghien cim vh tinh da dang sinh hgc tai 4 vimg rimg ngdp man ndi tren cho thdy, he sinh thai riing ngap man VQG Mui Cd Mau da dang nhat ve sd loai vdi tong s6 loai bdt gap la 574 lodi. Vimg rimg ngap man Ddng Rui d u g c ghi nh|in vdi tong sd lodi la 530 loai, gdn bang sd loai cua vimg rimg ngap man Long S a n (532 lodi). Kem da dang hon cd la vimg rimg ngap man Hung Hda vdi chi 462 loai bat gap.
Mot mdi lien he dugc thdy rd trong nghien cuu nay Id sd loai thiiy sdn cd gid tri kinh tfi chu yeu (thudc cdc nhdm ca, tdm, cua ghe, mgt mdnh vd, hai manh vd) tai bdn viing ciing tuong irng vdi miic dg da dang tai cac vung. Sd loai thiiy san cd gia tri kinh te chii y6u dugc ghi nhan tai cac vimg nhu sau: Viing RNM VQG Mui Ca Mau nhieu nhat vdi 46 loai cd gid tri kinh te chii yeu dugc khai thac. Vimg RNM Ddng Rui vdi 42 loai, bang vdi vimg RNM Long San; viing RNM Hung Hda it nhdt vdi 34 lodi kinh te chii yeu (bang 5).
Bdng 5. Da dgng thdnh phdn lodi trong cdc HST RNM
^ P ^ ' " ' ° ' ° ' ! - S ^ ^ «
TliLrc vat ngap man RoDg CO bien Thyc v^t phu du Dong v^t phu du Tom Ca Cua — cay, be be Da gai (hai sam) Mot manh vd Hai manh v6 Muc, bach tuoc Tong so Utii
\ ung rung ngap man 3 Dong Rui
136 24 84 72 30 (14) 75 (12) 10(4)
0 36 W 30 f?;
13 530 (42)
HimgBM^
143 17 98 55 22 (12) 65 (12) 22(3)
0 11(2) 11(5) 8 462 04)
aK^s^w
117 31 104 70 31 (Jl) 12(11)
27 ff) 4 29 r«;
37(7) 10 S32 (42)
^ i k i ^
, " * C i ' J M j u S ^ 120 27 101 81 i5(J2) 85 (12)
10(6) 1 36(7;
48 rm 10 574 (46) Ghi chu: (*): so loai cd gia tri kinh ti chit yiti.
Cac nghien cua tniac day da chi ra rjng, gia tri da dang sinh hpc duoc tinh toan va lugmg gia Icinh te tuong duang vai Ichoang 2 0 % tSng gia trj ngu6n lai thuy s a a cr khu vuc do [9]. Nhu vay, lucing gia Icinh tt gia tri da dang sinh hpc tai moi vimg RNM nghien cuu h-en dupe dinh gia cu th6 nhu sau (bang 6):
^ieu ban Sinh ht?c vd ngudn IjrJ sinh vgt Biin
Bdng 6. Lugmg gid kinh te cdc gid tri da dgng sinh hoc cua HST RNM
Viing RNM
Ddng Rui Hung Hoa Long Son VQG Mui Ca Mau
Di^n tich (ha)
2.753,75 54.9 1.139 15.024
Gii trj kinh t l trung binh (trieu dong) ' Gid tri thuy
sdn 15.694 328,5 (63.635 139.136
Gid tri da dang sinh hoc 3.138,8
65.7 12.727 27.827,2
,. G i i tr{ da dang sinh hQc tren liiSi ha RNM Tri^u ddng
1,14 1,20 11,17
1,85
USD
55,43 58,20 543,34 90.06
IV. KET LUAN VA ©E XUAT
, Tren ca sd xem xet, lugng gid cac gia tn thuy san vd da dgng sinh hgc tai 4 vimg RNM Dong Rui, Hung Hda, Long San, Ca Mau cho thay, nhin chung gia tri kinh te ciia mdi ha RNM hipn nay t?i cdc vung nghien cuu deu bi giam sut.
Tong gid trj kinh te trung binh thu dugc tir ngudn lgi thiiy sdn trong HST RNM Ddng Rui dat Idioang 15,809 X^ ddng/nam. Gia tri kinh te trung bii± tinh trSn 1 ha dgt khoang 5,74trieu ddng/nam. Gia tri da dang hpc trong HST nay udc tinh 3,1 ty ddng vdi su liien di?n cua 530 loai thiiy san da dugc ghi nhgn.
T6ng gia trj kinh te trung binh thu dugc tir ngudn lgi thuy sdn trong HST RNM Hung Hoa dat khodng 330 tri?u ddng/nam. Gid tri kinh te trung binh tinh tren I ha dat khoang 6,2 tri^u ddng/nam. Gia tri da dang hgc trong HST nay udc tinh 65,7 trieu ddng vdi su hien di?n ciia 462 loai thuy sdn da dugc ghi nhdn.
T6ng gid tri kinh tk, trung binh thu dugc tir nguon lgi thiiy san trong HST RNM Long Son dat khodng 64,115 ty ddng/nam. Gid tri kinh ti trung binh tinh tren 1 ha dat khoang 56,29 trieu ddng/nam. Gia tri da dang hgc trong HST nay udc tinh 12,727 ty ddng vdi su hi?n dien ciia 532 lodi thity sdn da dugc ghi nhdn.
Tdng gia tn kinh tl trung binh thu dugc tir ngudn lgi thiiy sdn trong HST RNM VQG Miii Ca Mau dat khoang 141,27 ty ddng/nam. Gia tri kinh te trung binh tinh tren 1 ha dat khodng 9,26 tripu ddng/nam. Gid tri da dang hgc trong HST nay udc tinh 27,83 ty ddng vdi s\r hien dien ciia 574 loai thiiy san da dugc ghi nhan.
K6t qud nghien ciiru da bd sung them cung cac nghien cuu lugng gid HST RNM trudc ddy cho thdy mot xu hudng ro rang \k su giam siit ngudn lgi vd da dang smh hgc cua HST RNM nude ta hien nay la: Sau mgt thdi gian phat trien d at NTTS tai hau het cac vimg RNM thi vdn de d nhiem mdi trudng dang lam giam siit nghiem trgng ngudn Igi thiiy sdn t\r nhien vd da dang sinh hpc trong RNM. Do vdy, viec xdy dyng dinh hudng ro rang chien luge phdt trien kinh t6 trong HST RNM mgt each ben viing la rat quan trgng nhdm dua ra dugc mpt phuang an phdt triln kmh te dudi tan RNM mot each bSn vung nhdt.
Hgi nghj Khoa hoc va Cong ngh§ bien loan quoc Ian thic V
TAI Llf U THAM KHAO
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